be least noticed; viz., between words ending or beginning with tall
letters.
15. This is an en dash: –
This is an em dash: —
This is a 2 em dash: ——
This is a 3 em dash: ———
{61}
16. This line is hair-spaced.
This line is spaced with 5-em spaces.
This line is spaced with 4-em spaces.
This line is spaced with 3-em spaces.
This line is spaced with en quads.
This line is spaced with em quads.
{62}
ITALIC
The first italic types were designed and used by Aldus Manutius, the
celebrated Italian printer, of the fifteenth century. It is said that
the style was suggested by the handwriting of Petrarch. In the first
fonts only the lower case letters were italic, the capitals being
roman; but this irregularity soon gave way to the more regular style of
italic capitals and lower case.
1. Italic is not used for the text of a book, but it is permissible for
the preface, extracts, etc.
2. For poetry and other matter of a literary character italic has a
decorative effect.
3. Italic is used for emphasis in roman composition and vice versa.
4. Italic is used frequently for subheads, running-heads, and
side-heads, as well as for important paragraphs or extracts.
5. Italic is often used instead of roman-quoted for the titles of
books, magazines, newspapers, and names of ships.
6. Signatures or credits are often placed in italic at the end of an
article.
7. Foreign words and phrases are often required to be set in italic,
but there are many which are now so familiar to English readers {63}
that they are kept in the ordinary text. The following is a list of
the most familiar words:
à propos
ad valorem
addenda
aide-de-camp
alias
alibi
alma mater
anno domini
ante-bellum
beau idéal
billet-doux
bon-ton
bona fide
bravo
café
canto
carte blanche
chapeau
chaperon
chargé d’affaires
chiaroscuro
cicerone
contra
corrigenda
data
débris
début
depot
diarrhœa
diatum
dilettante
dramatis personæ
ennui
entrepôt
erratum
et cetera
facsimile
fête
finis
gratis
hoi polloi
imprimatur
innuendo
literati
mandamus
manœuvre
mignonette
naïve
ollapodrida
onus
paterfamilias
patois
per annum
per capita
per cent.
per centum
per se
post-mortem
pro rata
protégé
quondam
régime
rendezvous
rôle
savant
seraglio
sobriquet
ultimatum
verbatim
vice
vice versa
viva voce
8. The following expressions, which are not as a rule so well known,
should be italicized:
_ab ovo_
_ancien régime_
_bête noire_
_comme il faut_
_de quoi vivre_
_de trop_
_en passant_
_fait accompli_
_grand monde_
_hors de combat_
_inter alia_
_jeu d’esprit_
_locum tenens_
_mise en scène_
_noblesse oblige_
_raison d’être_
_sans cérémonie_
_tour de force_
{64}
9. Italic is used in the following words, phrases, and abbreviations
employed in literary and legal references: e.g., _ibid_, _idem_, _loc.
cit._, _op. cit._, _ad loc._, _s.v._, _supra_, _infra_, _passim_,
_vide_, _circa_ (_ca._). Exceptions: cf., i.e., e.g., v. (versus),
viz., etc., which are always roman.
10. Punctuation marks which are placed after italicized words should be
italic.
Italic is used:
1. For the names of plaintiff and defendant in the citation of legal
causes.
2. In algebraic, geometric, and similar matter to designate unknown
quantities, lines, etc.
3. For _s._ and _d._ (_shilling_ and _pence_) following the figures:
e.g., 1_s._ 6_d._
4. For specific names in Botany, Zoölogy, and Geology.
5. In medical matter roman is used instead of italic for scientific
terms.
6. For names of stars or constellations in astronomical matter.
7. In resolutions for the word _Resolved_.
In MS. one line drawn beneath a word or sentence signifies that it is
to be put in italic. {65}
ABBREVIATIONS
DATES
Dates are not usually abbreviated in writing or in regular text matter;
but when necessary the following rules may be followed:
1. Do not use _st_, _d_, _rd_, or _th_ after a date given in figures;
e.g., _June 3_, not _June 3d_ or _3rd_. If a date is spelled out, the
rule is as follows: e.g., _June the third_, not _June three_.
2. Do not use _ult._, _inst._, or _prox._, but always name the month:
e.g., _Oct. 25_, not _25th ult._, _Nov. 10_, not _10th inst._
3. Use generally accepted abbreviations for the names of months when
the day of the month is also given, and prefer dates in order of day,
month, and year: e.g., _7 Jan., 1912_. When the name of the month is
used alone or followed only by the year, do not abbreviate: e.g.,
_February, 1912_, not _Feb., 1912_.
4. For ordinary purposes use these as the generally accepted
abbreviations for the months and days of the week:
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat.
5. In tables and wherever matter must be _greatly_ condensed use the
Dewey dates, {66} which are the briefest possible without ambiguity,
in the order of (_a_) day of week, (_b_) day of month, (_c_) month,
(_d_) year. These abbreviations are not desirable except in tabular
matter.
Ja.
F.
Mr.
Ap.
My.
Je.
Ju.
Ag.
S.
O.
N.
D.
Sn.
M.
Tu.
W.
Th.
F.
St.
PROPER NAMES
1. Abbreviate _company_ in firm names: e.g., _John Brown & Co._
2. Spell out names of companies, railroads, etc., using the ampersand
(&) only between proper names: e.g., _Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing
Company_; _Norfolk & Western Railroad_; but _American Smelting and
Refining Company_. If names of railroads are abbreviated, use no space
between the letters: e.g., _N.Y._, _N.H. & H.R.R._
3. Abbreviate _United States_ when immediately associated with the
name of an officer of the army or navy, as _Lieut. John Doe, U.S.A._;
when it is the name of an organization of the army or navy, as _First
Regiment U.S.V._; when preceding the name of a government vessel, as
_U.S.S. Brooklyn_.
4. In referring to plays, specify act, scene, and line, also part if
necessary: e.g., _2 Henry IV, I, ii, 1–7_.
5. Christian names should be spelled in full, as _John_, _George_,
_Charles_, except in an {67} original signature, or when following
copy in a quotation.
6. When necessary to abbreviate Christian names, use the forms _Dan._,
_Edw._, _Sam._, _Thos._, etc. _Alex_, _Ben_, _Ed_, and _Sam_ are not
always abbreviations, and copy should be followed as regards period.
Use the following list:
Alex. Alexander
And. Andrew
Anth. Anthony
Ap. Appius
Arch. Archibald
Aug. August, Augustus
Benj. Benjamin
C. Caesar
Caes. Aug. Caesar Augustus
Cath. Catherine
Chas. Charles
Dan. Daniel
Eben. Ebenezer
Edm. Edmund
Edw. Edward
Eliz. Elizabeth
Esd. Esdras
Esth. Esther
Ez. Ezra
Ezek. Ezekiel
Ferd. Ferdinand
Fran. Francis
Fred. Frederic, Frederick
Geo. George
Herbt. Herbert
Hos. Hosea {68}
Jas. James
Jona. Jonathan
Jos. Joseph
Josh. Joshua
Matt. Matthew
Nath. Nathaniel
Pet. Peter
Phil. Philip, Philander
Philem. Philemon
Reg. Reginald
Richd. Richard
Robt. Robert
Sam. Samuel
Theo. Theodore
Thos. Thomas
Tim. Timothy
Wm. William
TITLES
1. In ordinary body matter use generally accepted abbreviations of
titles when they are immediately prefixed to names.
2. Do not abbreviate a title used as part of a name: e.g., _Bishop
Lawrence_, not _Bp. Lawrence_.
3. Such titles as _Mr._, _Mrs._, _Messrs._, _Gen._, _Dr._, _Hon._,
_Rev._, when prefixed to names, may be abbreviated; but _Colonel_,
_Major_, _Professor_, _President_, _ex-President_, etc., are
better spelled in full. Compound titles, such as _Major-General_,
_Lieutenant-Colonel_, _Rear-Admiral_, etc., should also be spelled and
both {69} words capitalized. Where a person has been mentioned by name
and title, and is afterward mentioned by title only, the title should
be capitalized. Where initials of a name are used, abbreviate the
title: e.g., _Col. T. G. Benson, of the Second Illinois Regiment, has
returned from Havana. The Colonel’s friends gave him a warm reception_.
4. When the names of sovereigns of a country are mentioned only
occasionally, such names may be given in full: e.g., _George the
Fifth_, _Charles the First_. When such names occur frequently, they
may be printed with roman numerals without a period: e.g., _George V_,
_Charles I_
5. The following is a full list of the usual abbreviations:
A.B. or B.A. (_Artium Baccalaureus_) Bachelor of Arts
Abp. Archbishop
A.C. Archchancellor
A.D. Archduke
A.D.C. Aide-de-camp
Adjt. Adjutant
Adm. Admiral
Admr. Administrator
Admx., Admrx. Administratrix
Adv. Advocate
Agt. Agent
Aldm. Alderman
A.M. or M.A. (_Artium Magister_) Master of Arts
Amb. Ambassador
A.P.A. American Protective Association
Asst. Assistant
A.T. Archtreasurer
Atty. Attorney {70}
B.A. or A.B. Bachelor of Arts
Bart. Baronet
B.C.L. Bachelor of Civil Law
B.D. (_Baccalaureus Divinitatis_) Bachelor of Divinity
B.LL. (_Baccalaureus Legum_) Bachelor of Laws
B.M. (_Baccalaureus Medicinae_) Bachelor of Medicine
Bp. Bishop
B.R. (_Banco Regis_ or _Reginae_) the King’s or
Queen’s Bench
Brig.-Gen. Brigadier-General
Bro(s). Brother(s)
B.S. Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Surgery
B.V. (_Beata Virgo_) Blessed Virgin
Cantab. (_Cantabrigia_) Cambridge
Capt. Captain
Capt.-Gen. Captain-General
Cash. Cashier
C.B. Companion of the Bath
C.C.P. Court of Common Pleas
C.E. Civil Engineer
C.J. Chief Justice
C.M.G. Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George
Col. Colonel
Com. Commander, Commodore
Cor. Sec. Corresponding Secretary
Corp. Corporal
C.S. Court of Sessions
C.S. (_Custos Sigilli_) Keeper of the Seal
D.C.L. Doctor of Civil Law
D.D. Doctor of Divinity
D.D.S. Doctor of Dental Surgery
Dea. Deacon
Dep. Deputy
D.F. Defender of the Faith
D.M. Doctor of Music {71}
Dr. Doctor
D.Sc. Doctor of Science
D.T. (_Doctor Theologiae_) Doctor of Divinity
D.V.M. or M.D.V. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
E. (_after titles_) Edinburgh
Esq. Esquire
F.D. (_Fidei Defensor_) Defender of the Faith
F.G.S. Fellow of the Geological Society
Fr. Father
F.R.G.S. Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society
F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society
F.R.S.A. Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts
F.S.A. Fellow of the Society of Arts
G.C.B. Knight of the Grand Cross of the Bath
G.C.H. Knight of the Grand Cross of Hanover
G.C.M.G. Knight of the Grand Cross, Order of St. Michael and St.
George
Gen. General
Gov. Governor
Govt. Government
G.R. (_Georgius Rex_) King George
H.B.M. His or Her Britannic Majesty
H.M. His or Her Majesty
H.M.S. His or Her Majesty’s Service
Hon. Honorable
H.R. House of Representatives
H.R.E. Holy Roman Emperor
H.R.H. His or Her Royal Highness
H.S.H. His or Her Serene Highness
I.N.R.I. (_Jesus Nazarenus Rex Judaeorum_) Jesus of Nazareth,
King of the Jews
Insp. Inspector
Insp. Gen. Inspector General
I.O.O.F. Independent Order of Odd Fellows {72}
J.A. Judge-Advocate
J.P. Justice of the Peace
J. Prob. Judge of the Probate
Jr. or Jun. Junior
K. King
K.A. Knight of St. Andrew, in Russia
K.A.N. Knight of Alexander Newski, in Russia
K.B. King’s Bench; Knight of the Bath
K.B.A. Knight of St. Bento d’Avis, in Portugal
K.B.E. Knight of the Black Eagle, in Prussia
K.C. King’s Council; Knight of the Crescent, in Turkey
K.C.B. Knight Commander of the Bath
K.C.H. Knight Commander of Hanover
K.C.M.G. Knight Commander of Order of St. Michael and St. George
K.C.S. Knight of Charles III, in Spain
K.E. Knight of the Elephant, in Denmark
K.F. Knight of Ferdinand of Spain
K.F.M. Knight of Ferdinand and Merit, in Sicily
K.G. Knight of the Garter
K.G.C. Knight of the Grand Cross
K.G.C.B. Knight of the Grand Cross of the Bath
K.G.F. Knight of the Golden Fleece
K.G.H. Knight of the Guelph of Hanover
K.G.V. Knight of Gustavus Vasa of Sweden
K.H. Knight of Hanover
K.J. Knight of St. Joachim
K.L.H. Knight of the Legion of Honor
K.M. Knight of Malta
K. Mess. King’s Messenger
K.M.H. Knight of Merit, in Holstein
K.M.J. Knight of Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria
K.M.T. Knight of Maria Theresa of Austria
K.N.S. Knight of the Royal North Star, in Sweden
K.P. Knight of St. Patrick {73}
K.R.E. Knight of the Red Eagle, in Prussia
K.S. Knight of the Sword, in Sweden
K.S.A. Knight of St. Anne of Russia
K.S.E. Knight of St. Esprit, in France
K.S.F. Knight of St. Fernando of Spain
K.S.F.M. Knight of St. Ferdinand and Merit, in Naples
K.S.G. Knight of St. George of Russia
K.S.H. Knight of St. Hubert of Bavaria
K.S.J. Knight of St. Janarius of Naples
K.S.L. Knight of the Sun and Lion, in Persia
K.S.M. & S.G. Knight of St. Michael and St. George of the Ionian Isles
K.S.P. Knight of St. Stanislaus of Poland
K.S.S. Knight of the Southern Star of the Brazils; Knight of
the Sword, in Sweden
K.S.W. Knight of St. Wladimir of Russia
Kt. Knight
K.T. Knight of the Thistle
K.T.S. Knight of the Tower and Sword, in Portugal
K.W. Knight of William of the Netherlands
K.W.E. Knight of the White Eagle, in Poland
L. (_after titles_) London
L.C. Lord Chancellor
L.C.J. Lord Chief Justice
Leg. Legate
Legis. Legislature
Lieut. Lieutenant
Lieut.-Col. Lieutenant-Colonel
Lieut.-Gen. Lieutenant-General
Litt.D. (_Litterarum Doctor_) Doctor of Literature
LL.B. (_Legum Baccalaureus_) Bachelor of Laws
LL.D. (_Legum Doctor_) Doctor of Laws
M. Monsieur
M.A. Master of Arts
Maj. Major
Maj.-Gen. Major-General {74}
M.B. (_Medicinae Baccalaureus_) Bachelor of Medicine;
(_Musicae Baccalaureus_) Bachelor of Music
M.C. Member of Congress
M.D. (_Medicinae Doctor_) Doctor of Medicine
Messrs. Messieurs
Mgr. Manager; Monsignor
Min. Plen. Minister Plenipotentiary
Mlle. Mademoiselle
Mme. Madame
M.P. Member of Parliament
M.R. Master of the Rolls
Mr. Mister or Master
Mrs. Mistress
Mus. Doc. Doctor of Music
Oxon. (_Oxonensis_) Oxford
P.C. (_Patres Conscripti_) Conscript Fathers; Senators;
Privy Counsellor
Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy
Ph.G. Graduate in Pharmacy
P.M. Postmaster
P.M.G. Postmaster-General
P.R.A. President of the Royal Academy
Pres. President
Prof. Professor
Prov. Provost
P.R.S. President of the Royal Society
Q. Queen
Q.M. Quartermaster
R.A. Royal Academician
R.E. Royal Engineers
Reg. Prof. Regius Professor
Rev. Reverend
R.M. Royal Marines
R.N. Royal Navy
R.N.O. (_Riddare af Nordstjerneorden_) Knight of the
Order of Polar Star {75}
R.S.S. (_Regiae Societatis Socius_) Fellow of the Royal
Society
Rt. Hon. Right Honorable
Rt. Rev. Right Reverend
Rt. Wpful. Right Worshipful
R.W. Right Worthy
R.W.O. (_Riddare af Wasa Orden_) Knight of the Order of Wasa
Sec. Secretary
Sec. Leg. Secretary of Legation
Serg. Sergeant
Serg.-Maj. Sergeant-Major
S.J. Society of Jesus
S.J.C. Supreme Judicial Court
Sol. Solicitor
Sol.-Gen. Solicitor-General
Sr., Sen. Senior
S.R.S. (_Societatis Regiae Socius_) Fellow of the Royal
Society
S.T.D. (_Sacrae Theologiae Doctor_) Doctor of Divinity
S.T.P. (_Sacrae Theologiae Professor_) Professor of Divinity
St. Saint, Street
Supt. Superintendent
Tr(s). Trustee(s)
Treas. Treasurer
U.J.C. (_Utriusque Juris Doctor_) Doctor of both Laws
V.C. Vice-Chancellor
V.D.M. (_Verbi Dei Minister_) Preacher of the Word
Vice-Pres. Vice-President
Visc. Viscount
W.S. Writer to the Signet
{76}
6. COMMERCIAL ABBREVIATIONS
A1 Highest class or grade
Acct. Account
Advt., Ad. Advertisement
Agt. Agent
Amt. Amount
Anon. Anonymous
Ans. Answer
Art. Article
Av., Ave. Avenue
Bal. Balance
Bd. Bound
Bdl. Bundle
Bds. Boards
Bldg. Building
B.O. Buyer’s Option
Bro(s). Brother; Brothers
Chap. Chapter
C.I.F. Cost, insurance, freight
Co. Company
C.O.D. Cash on Delivery
Cr. Creditor
Dept. Department
Do. Ditto, the same
Dr. Debtor
E.E. Errors excepted
E.O.D. Every other day
E. & O.E. Errors and omissions excepted
Etc. (_Et cetera_) and so forth
Ex., Exch. Exchange
Exp. Express
Fgt. Freight
F.O.B. Free on board
H. Hour
H.P. Half pay, horse-power {77}
Incor. Incorporated
Ins. Insurance
K.D. Knock down (_of furniture_, etc.)
L.P. Large paper
Memo. Memorandum
Mfg. Manufacturing
Mfr. Manufacturer
Min. Minute
No. (_numero_) number
O.K. All right
Payt. Payment
Pd. Paid
Per an. (_Per annum_) by the year
Per cent. (_Per centum_) by the hundred
Pkg. Package
Pl. Plate, plates
Pref. Preface
Rd. Road
Rem. Remarks
Rep. Reports
R.R. Railroad
Ry. Railway
Ser. Series
Sq. Square
S.S. Steamship, steamer
T.F. Till forbidden
7. GEOGRAPHICAL ABBREVIATIONS
Ala. Alabama
Alaska Alaska
Ariz. Arizona
Ark. Arkansas
Austral. Australasia {78}
B.A. British America
Br. Col. British Columbia
Cal. California
Can. Canada
C.B. Cape Breton
Colo. Colorado
Conn. Connecticut
C.W. Canada West (Ontario)
D.C. District of Columbia
Del. Delaware
Den. Denmark
E. East (London Postal District)
East Isl. Eastern Islands
E.C. East Central (London Postal District)
E.I. East Indies
Eng. England, English
Fin. Finland
Fla. Florida
Ga. Georgia
G.B. Great Britain
Glas. Glasgow
H.I. Hawaiian Islands
Ia. Iowa
Idaho Idaho
Ill. Illinois
Ind. Indiana
Ind. Ter. Indian Territory (_now Oklahoma_)
Ire. Ireland
It. Italy
Jam. Jamaica
Jap. Japan
Kan. Kansas
Ky. Kentucky
La. Louisiana
L.C. Lower Canada {79}
Man. Manitoba
Mass. Massachusetts
Md. Maryland
Me. Maine
Mex. Mexico
Mich. Michigan
Minn. Minnesota
Miss. Mississippi
Mo. Missouri
Mont. Montana
N. North (London Postal District)
N.A. North America
N.B. New Brunswick; North Britain (Scotland)
N.C. North Carolina
N. Dak. North Dakota
N.E. New England; Northeast (London Postal District)
Neb. Nebraska
Neth. Netherlands
Nev. Nevada
N.F. Newfoundland
N.H. New Hampshire
N.J. New Jersey
N. Mex. New Mexico
N.S. Nova Scotia
N.W. Northwest (London Postal District)
N.Y. New York
N.Y.C. New York City
N. Zeal. New Zealand
O. Ohio
Okla. Oklahoma
Ont. Ontario
Ore. Oregon
Pa. Pennsylvania
Pal. Palestine
P.D. Postal District (London) {80}
P.E.I. Prince Edward Island
Per. Persia
Phila. Philadelphia
P.I. Philippine Islands
Port. Portugal
P.R. Porto Rico
Prus. Prussia
Que. Quebec
R.A. Russian America (_now Alaska_)
R.I. Rhode Island
Russ. Russia
S. South (London Postal District)
S.A. South America
S.C. South Carolina
Scot. Scotland
Sc. Pen. Scandinavian Peninsula
S. Dak. South Dakota
S. E. Southeast (London Postal District)
Sic. Sicily
S. Isl. Sandwich Islands
Soc. Isl. Society Islands
S. lat. South latitude
Sp. Spain
Sw. Sweden
Switz. Switzerland
Syr. Syria
Tenn. Tennessee
Tex. Texas
U.C. Upper Canada (Ontario)
U.K. United Kingdom
U.S. United States
U.S.A. United States of America
Utah Utah
V. Victoria
Va. Virginia
Vt. Vermont {81}
W. Welsh, West; West (London Postal District)
Wash. Washington
W.C. West Central (London Postal District)
W.I. West Indies
W. lon. West longitude
W. Va. West Virginia
Wis. Wisconsin
Wyo. Wyoming
8. MISCELLANEOUS ABBREVIATIONS
A.C. (_Ante Christum_) before Christ
A.D. (_Anno Domini_) in the year of our Lord
Ad lib. (_Ad libitum_) at pleasure
Adj. Adjective
Adv. Adverb
Aet. (_Aetatis_) of age, aged
A.H. (_Anno Hegirae_) in the year of the Hegira
Alt. Altitude
A.M. (_Anno Mundi_) in the year of the world;
(_Ante Meridiem_) before noon
An. (_Anno_) in the year
An. A.C. (_Anno ante Christum_) in the year before Christ
Anat. Anatomy
Anc. Ancient
Ang.-Sax. Anglo-Saxon
Anom. Anomalous
Anon. Anonymous
Ap. Apostle
Apo. Apogee
Apoc. Apocalypse, Apocrypha
A.R. (_Anno regni_) in the year of the reign
Arch. Architecture
A.R.R. (_Anno regni regis_) in the year of the reign
of the king
Arr. Arrival
Art. Article {82}
Assoc., Assn. Association
Astrol. Astrology
Astron. Astronomy
A.U.C. (_anno urbis conditae_) in the year of the
building of the city (Rome)
Auth. Ver. or A.V. Authorized Version (of the Bible)
Av. Average
Ave. Avenue
B. (_Basso_) Bass; bay; born
B.C. Before Christ
Boul. Boulevard
B.V. (_Bene Vale_) Farewell
C. Cape
Caet. par. (_Caeteris paribus_) other things being equal
Cap. (_Caput_) Chapter
C. or Cent. Centigrade
Cf. (_confer_) compare
Ch. Child or children
C.H. Court House
Chap. Chapter
Circ. Circle(s)
Cit. Citizen
Col. Column
Coll. College
Comp. Companion; comparative
Cong. Congress
C.Q.D. Marconi distress signal
D.B. Domesday Book
D.C. (_Da Capo_) From the beginning; again
Dec. Declination
Deg. Degree(s)
Del. (_Delineavit_) he drew it
Dem. Democrat
D.G. (_Dei gratia_) by the grace of God; (_Deo
gratias_) thanks to God
D.V. (_Deo volente_) God willing {83}
E. East; Eagle(s)
Ea. Each
E.B. English Bible (common)
Ed. Editor, Edition
E.E. Errors excepted
E.g. (_Exempli gratia_) by way of example
Elec. Electricity
E.N.E. East-northeast
Ent. Entomology
E.S.E. East-southeast
Et al. (_Et alibi_) and elsewhere; (_et alii_)
and others
Etc. (_Et caetera_) and so forth
Et seq. (_Et sequentia_) the following
Ex. Example
Exc. Exception
F., Fahr. Fahrenheit (thermometer)
Fec. (_Fecit_) he made it
Fem. or f. Feminine
Fig.(s) Figure(s)
Finn. Finnish
Fol. or f., ff. Folio(s)
For. Foreign
Ft. Fort
Gent. Gentleman
Ger. German
Goth. Gothic
Gr. Greek
H. Husband
Hdkf. Handkerchief
H.e. (_Hoc est_) that is, or, this is
Hist. History, Historical
H.J.S. (_Hic jacet sepultus_) here lies buried
H.M.P. (_Hoc monumentum posuit_) erected this monument
H.R.I.P. (_Hic requiescit in pace_) here lies in peace
H.S. (_Hic situs_) here lies {84}
Ibid., Ib. (_Ibidem_) in the same place
Id. (_Idem_) the same
I.e. (_Id est_) that is
I.H.S. First letters of ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, Greek for _Jesus_[12]
Illus. Illustrated
Imp. Imperative (mood)
Incog. (_Incognito_) unknown
Indef. Indefinite
Indic. Indicative (mood)
Infin. Infinitive (mood)
In lim. (_In limine_) at the outset
In loc. (_In loco_) in the place
Inst. (_Instante_) the current month
Int. Interest
Interj. Interjection
In trans. (_In transitu_) on the passage
Ion. Ionic
Ir. Irish
Irreg. Irregular
Isl. Island
Ital. Italic
Itin. Itinerary
J.H.S. See I.H.S.
Jour. Journal
Lat. Latin, latitude
L.c. (_Loco citato_) in the place cited
L.l. (_Loco laudato_) in the place quoted
Lon. or Long. Longitude
L.S. (_Locus sigilli_) place of the seal
LXX The Septuagint
M. (_Meridies_) noon
M. Married
Mem. Memorandum, Memoranda
Mgr. Manager
Misc. Miscellaneous
Mo.(s) Month, months {85}
M.S. (_Memoriae sacrum_) sacred to the memory
MS. (_Manuscriptum_) manuscript
MSS. Manuscripts
Mt. Mount, _Mont_
Myth. Mythology
N. Noun; note(s)
Nat. National
Naut. Nautical
N.B. (_Nota Bene_) note well
Nem. con. or (_Nemine contradicente_ or _nemine
nem. diss. dissentiente_) none opposing
N.l. (_Non liquet_) it does not appear
N. lat. North latitude
N.N.E. North-northeast
N.N.W. North-northwest
Nom. Nominative
Nol. pros. (_Nolle prosequi_) indicates in law that a
complaint will not be prosecuted
N.S. New Style (_after 1752_)
N.T. New Testament
N.u. name(s) unknown
N.V.M. Nativity of the Virgin Mary
N.W. Northwest
Ob. (_Obiit_) he or she died
Obj. Objective (case)
Obs. Obsolete
O.F. Odd Fellow(s)
Olym. Olympiad
O.H.M.S. On His Majesty’s Service
Op. Opposite
O.S. Old Style (_before 1752_)
O.T. Old Testament
P. or pp. Page or pages
Par. or ¶ Paragraph
Par. Pas. Parallel Passage(s)
Parl. Parliament
Part. Participle {86}
Partic. Particle
Pass. Passive (voice)
Pen. Peninsula
Pent. Pentecost
Perf. Perfect (tense)
Pers. Person
Pers. pron. Personal Pronoun
Persp. Perspective
Phil. Philosophy
Pinx. (_Pinxit_) he painted it
Pl. Plate(s)
Plur. Plural
Plup. Pluperfect
Plff. Plaintiff
P.M. (_Post meridiem_) afternoon to midnight
P.O. Post-office
Pop. Population
Posit. Positive
P.p. Past participle
P.P.C. (_Pour prendre congé_) to take leave
P. pr. Participle present
Pro tem. (_Pro tempore_) for the time being
P.R. (_Populus Romanus_) the Roman people
Pret. Preterite tense
Pron. Pronoun
Pr. p. Present participle
Pref. Preface
P.S. Privy Seal
P.T.O. Please turn over
Pt. Point
Pub. Publisher
Pub. Doc. Public Document(s)
Q. Question
Q.B. Queen’s Bench
Q.C. Queen’s College; Queen’s Council
Q.d. (_Quasi dicat_) as if he should say; (_Quasi
dictum_) as if said; (_Quasi dixisset_)
as if he had said
Q.E. (_Quod est_) which is {87}
Q.E.D. (_Quod erat demonstrandum_) which was to be
proved
Q.E.F. (_Quod erat faciendum_) which was to be done
Q.l. (_Quantum libet_) as much as you please
Q. Mess. Queen’s Messenger
Qm. (_Quomodo_) by what means, how
Q.p. or q. pl. (_Quantum placet_) as much as you please
Qr. Quarter
Q.s. (_Quantum sufficit_) a sufficient quantity
Q.v. (_Quantum vis_) as much as you will
Q.v. (_Quod vide_) which see
Qy. Query