18, 1642. Bolognese school. Son of Daniele Reni, a musician; pupil
of Denis Calvart, afterward of the Carracci. For a time he was the
favourite pupil of Lodovico, but he soon aroused so much jealousy
that he was dismissed from the academy. After painting several
years in Bologna, where his pictures excited much admiration, he
went to Rome about 1608, with his fellow-pupil Francesco Albani,
and notwithstanding the opposition of Caravaggio and of Annibale
Carracci, then at work in the Palazzo Farnese, he soon won an
honourable position. Caravaggio was then the fashion in Rome, and
when Cardinal Borghese gave Guido an order for the Crucifixion of
St. Peter, he coupled it with the command that it should be in the
manner of that painter. Guido obeyed, but he gave his composition
a grandeur and dignity beyond the powers of Caravaggio. Paul V.
employed him to decorate the private chapel in the Palace of Monte
Cavallo, a work which gained him great reputation and made him many
enemies, even his friend Albani becoming inimical when he found
that Guido’s fame was likely to exceed his own. After an absence in
Rome of twenty years, Guido returned to Bologna, where he painted
the Massacre of the Innocents for S. Domenico, now in the Bologna
Gallery, and St. Paul reproving St. Peter, for the Palazzo Zampieri,
now in the Brera, Milan. Paul V. soon induced him to return to Rome,
where he executed works in S. M. Maggiore and other public buildings,
his most famous one being the fresco _Aurora_, in the pavilion of
the Palazzo Rospigliosi. Guido’s productions vary much in manner
according to the time of their execution, and may be assigned to
three different periods: The first, marked by strong contrasts of
light and shade; the second or transition period, stronger and more
natural; the third, pale-gray tones and insipid sentiment. Works:
_Massacre_ of Innocents, _Madonna_ della Pietà, _Christ_ on the
Cross, _Samson_ Victorious, St. _Sebastian_, Madonna of the Rosary,
Coronation of _Virgin_, Ecce Homo, Bologna Gallery; Bacchus and
Ariadne, _Fortune_, Cupid, Accademia di S. Luca, Rome; portrait of
Beatrice _Cenci_ (?), Palazzo Barberini, ib.; Concert of Angels,
Cappella di S. Silvia, near S. Gregorio, ib.; St. Andrew adoring
Cross, S. Andrea, ib.; Head of Joseph, Palazzo Borghese, ib.; St.
Sebastian, Capitol Gallery, ib.; Salome, study for Crucifixion of
St. Peter, Ecce Homo, Mater Dolorosa, St. John, Contemplation,
Palazzo Corsini, ib.; Madonna, Palazzo Doria, ib.; _Aurora_, Palazzo
Rospigliosi, ib.; Rape of Helen, portrait of Cardinal Spada, Palazzo
Spada, ib.; _Madonna_ in Glory and Saints, Crucifixion of St.
_Peter_, Vatican, ib.; _Bacchus_, St. Peter, Rebecca at the Well,
Death of _Cleopatra_, _Charity_, St. Elizabeth, Palazzo Pitti,
Florence; Cumean _Sibyl_, _Bradamante_ and Fiordaspina, portrait of
_Guido_, Madonna with St. _John_, Virgin, Uffizi, ib.; Christ on the
Cross and Saints, Lucca Gallery; SS. Peter and Paul, Apostle Reading,
Brera, Milan; _Christ_ on the Cross, Modena Gallery; Atalanta’s
Race, Four Seasons, Infant Christ, Nausicaä, Vanity and Modesty,
Museum, Naples; Nativity, S. Martino, ib.; John Baptist, Madonna,
_Fame_, St. Francis of Assisi, St. _Catherine_, Apollo and Marsyas,
Group of Cherubs, _Lucretia_, Turin Gallery; David and Goliath,
_Annunciation_, Purification of Virgin, Madonna, _Madonna_ and St.
John, _Christ_ and Samaritan Woman, _Christ_ giving Keys to Peter,
_Christ_ in the Garden, _Ecce_ Homo, _Magdalen_ (?), St. _Sebastian_,
Union of Design and Colour, _Hercules_ and the Hydra, _Hercules_ and
Achelous, Rape of _Dejanira_, Death of _Hercules_, Rape of _Helen_,
Sleep of Jesus (attributed), Louvre, Paris; Lucretia, Cleopatra,
_Madonna_ de la Silla, St. _Sebastian_, St. _James_, Assumption,
St. Jerome in the Desert, Martyrdom of St. Apollonia, Magdalen,
and others, Madrid Museum; St. Jerome, Magdalen, Youthful Christ
and St. John, _Lot_ and his Daughters, _Susannah_ and the Elders,
Coronation of the Virgin, _Ecce_ Homo, National Gallery, London; St.
_John_ in the Wilderness, St. _Sebastian_, Dulwich Gallery; Venus
and Graces, Ecce Homo, National Gallery, Edinburgh; _Venus_ and
Cupid, _Ninus_ and Semiramis, _Ecce_ Homo (2), Christ crowned with
Thorns (2), _Christ_ appearing to Virgin, _Madonna_ in Adoration,
_Madonna_ with Saints, Bacchus, Dresden Gallery; Madonna and Saints,
Berlin Museum; Cleopatra, Cassel Gallery; St. Jerome, _Apollo_ and
Marsyas, _Assumption_, Munich Gallery; _Magdalen_, _Presentation_ in
Temple, Baptism of _Christ_, Vienna Museum; Adoration of Shepherds,
Jupiter and Antiope, Descent from Cross, Liechtenstein Gallery,
Vienna; _David_ and Goliath, Adoration of _Magi_, St. _Joseph_ and
Infant Christ, _Madonna_ and St. Francis, St. _Peter_, Dispute
of the Fathers, Youthful Virgin with Maidens, Hermitage, St.
Petersburg.--Ch. Blanc, École bolonaise; Descamps, iv. 258; Kugler
(Eastlake), ii. 579; Burckhardt, 764, 770, 773; Lanzi (Roscoe), iii.
93; Malvasia, ii. 5; Rosini, vi. 55.
GUIDO, portrait, by himself, Uffizi, Florence. Upper part of head
broad and fine, chin wants character. Eyes lively and intelligent.
Engraved by L. F. Mariage.--Wicar, ii. Part 22; Lavice, 46.
GUIDO DI PIETRO. See _Angelico_, Fra.
GUIDO RENI DI NAPOLI. See _Stanzioni_, Massimo.
GUIDO DA SIENA, Sienese school, latter half of 13th century. The
Madonna in S. Domenico, Siena, falsely dated 1221, was painted
probably in 1281; and Guido is probably identical with Guido
Graziani, who appears in documents of 1278. The inscription has
been often retouched, and the heads of the Virgin and Child have
evidently been entirely repainted. This is important, as upon it
rests the question whether Florence or Siena was the cradle of the
revival of painting in the 13th century. By the rectification of the
date, the priority of the Florentine Cimabue to the Sienese Guido is
established, and the honour remains to Florence. The Madonna in the
Academy at Siena, also ascribed to Guido, is much inferior to the one
at S. Domenico. A Madonna with Saints, attributed to him, is in the
Gallery of the Historical Society of New York.--C. & C., Italy, i.
180; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., i. 233 and N. 1; Milanesi, Della vera età
di Guido Pittore Sienese (Florence, 1859).
GUIDOLINO DI PIETRO. See _Angelico_.
GUIGNARD, GASTON, born at Bordeaux; contemporary. Landscape painter,
pupil of Ferry. Medal, 3d class, 1884. Works: Foraging, After the
Storm (1874); Scouts in Flight (1875); Behind the Tavern (1876);
Halt of Nomads (1877); Farm Yard (1878); Winter (1879); Marsh of
Montferrand (1880); Morning Dawn in Autumn (1881); Requisitions
in Beauce in 1870–71, Return to the Park (1882); Lagunes of
Guyan-Mestras--Gironde, Convoy in Marshes of Quiberon (1883); In the
Orchard (1884); Open Pasture (1885).
GUIGNET, ADRIEN, born at Annecy, Savoy, Jan. 21, 1816, died in Paris,
May 19, 1854. History painter, brother and pupil of Jean Baptiste G.,
and pupil of Blondel; took Salvator Rosa and Decamps for his models.
Medals: 3d class, 1844; 2d class, 1848. Works: Moses exposed on Nile,
Lost Travellers attacked by Bear, Joseph relating his Dream, Hagar in
the Desert (1840); Salvator Rosa among the Robbers (1844); Defeat of
Attila by Ætius; Feast of Belshazzar; Gardens of Armida.--Nouvelle
Biogr. générale.
[Illustration: Bust]
GUILLAUMET, GUSTAVE, born in Paris, March 26, 1840. Genre and
landscape painter, pupil of Picot, Barrias, and of the École des
Beaux Arts. Won the 2d prix de Rome in 1863, and then made the
first of many visits to Algeria. In 1865 he painted the portrait of
the late Sultan Abdul Aziz. Medals: 1865 and 1867; 2d class, 1872;
3d class, 1878; L. of Honour, 1878. Works: Evening Prayer in the
Sahara (1863), Luxembourg Museum; Arab Market in Plain of Tocria
(1865), Lille Museum; Flute-Players at the Bivouac (1866); Aïn
Kerma or Source of the Figuier, The Douar (1867); Douar Women at
the River (1872), Dijon Museum; Algerian Interior (1874); Bivouac
of Camel-Drivers (1875); Arab Market (1877); Peace in the Evening
(1878); Laghouat or Souvenir of the Sahara (1879), Luxembourg
Museum; The Palanquins (1880); Dwelling on the Sahara (1882); La
Seguice--Algiers, Wool Spinners at Bou-Sâada (1885).--Bellier de la
Chavignerie, i. 725.
[Illustration: Bust]
GUILLEMET, JEAN BAPTISTE ANTOINE, born at Chantilly (Oise);
contemporary. Studio in Paris. Landscape painter, pupil of Corot and
of Oudinot. Medals: 2d class, 1874 and 1876; L. of Honour, 1880.
Works: Low Tide at Villerville (1872), Grenoble Museum; Bercy in
December (1874), Luxembourg Museum; Beach at Villiers (1878); Chaos
at Villiers (1879); Old Quay at Bercy (1880); Old Villerville, Beach
at St. Vaast-la-Hougue (1881); Morsalines (1882); Saint-Suliac
(1883); Villerville, Meudon (1884); View of Paris (1885).
GUILLEMIN, ALEXANDRE MARIE, born in Paris, Oct. 15, 1817, died at
Bois le Roi (Seine-et-Marne), Oct., 1880. Genre painter, pupil of
Gros, painted scenes from daily life of the middle classes, then
subjects from Brittany and the Pyrenees; also hunting pieces. Medals:
3d class, 1841; 2d class, 1845, 1859; L. of Honour, 1861. Works:
First Artistic Attempt (1840); Victim of Interesting News, Happy
Family, Souvenir of Glory (1841); Holy Family, After Emigration,
Picture Seller, Love in the City (1845); Collector of Treasures
(1855); The Gallant Béarnese, The Blue Boys passing Brittany in 1793
(1859); Women winnowing in the Pyrenees, Distribution of Consecrated
Bread in Church of Fontainebleau (1861); Joy at the Hearth, Orden
del Senor Alcalde (1865); La Trilla, Sculptor’s Studio (1869); Los
Pordioseros, La Mariposa (1877); Notre Dame d’Aragon (1879); Pictures
in Toulon Museum.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 728; Meyer, Gesch.,
694.
GUILLON, ADOLPHE IRÉNÉE, born in Paris, March 29, 1829. Landscape
painter, pupil of Noël and Gleyre. Travelled much in Southern France,
and then settled at Vézelay (Yonne). Medal in 1867; 2d class, 1880.
Works: Winter Morning at Cannes, Moonlight at Cannes (1867); River
Cure in Burgundy, Beggar, Summer’s Day (1874); Vézelay (1880); August
(1882); Walnut Trees of Cordelle (1883); Vézelay (1885).
GUILLOU, ALFRED, born at Concarneau (Finistère); contemporary.
Landscape painter, pupil of Cabanel and Bouguereau. Medals: 3d class,
1877; 2d class, 1881. Works: Low Tide at Concarneau (1874); Shrimp
Fishing (1875); The Pilot of Concarneau (1879); Lobster Fishing at
Benodet (1880); The Last Seaman of the Vengeur, Fishing with a Line
(1881); Departure of the Fishermen, Return of Shrimp-Catchers (1882);
The Fishing Lesson, Return of the Tide (1883); Chasse en Mer (1884);
Grandfather’s Canoe, Marianne (1885).
GUISE, DUC DE, ASSASSINATION OF, Paul _Delaroche_, Duc d’Aumale,
Château de Chantilly; canvas. The body of Henri de Guise lies near
the foot of a bed, at right, in a richly-furnished apartment; at
left, the murderers, eight in number, with naked swords; one of
them speaks to the king, Henri III., who enters at a door and
casts a timid and curious glance at his enemy. M. Geffroy, of the
Comédie-française, is said to have posed for the king. Salon, 1835;
painted for Duc d’Orleans, 10,000 francs; engraved by T. V. Desclaux
(1852).--Larousse, i. 768; Ch. Blanc, École française iii.
GULLIVER AND THE LILLIPUTIANS, Georges Jean _Vibert_, W. T. Walters,
Baltimore; canvas, H. 2 ft. × 4 ft.; dated 1870. Gulliver fastened to
the ground and surrounded by the Lilliputians.
GUNKEL, FRIEDRICH, born in Cassel in 1820, died by suicide in Rome,
Feb. 24, 1876. History painter, pupil of Cassel and Berlin Academies
and of Cornelius; went to Rome in 1847. Works: Resurrection; Battle
of Arminius, Maximilianeum, Munich; Drusus induced to Return; Battle
on the Granicus.
GÜNTHER, OTTO, born at Halle, Sept. 30, 1838, died at Weimar, April
20, 1884. Genre painter, pupil in 1858–61 of Düsseldorf Academy, and
in 1863–66 of Weimar Art School under Preller and Ramberg. Professor
at Königsberg Academy in 1877–80, then returned to Weimar. Gold
medal, Berlin, 1876. Works: Wedding Procession in Thuringia; The
Widower (1874), In Prison (1878), National Gallery, Berlin; Last
Farewell of Emigrant Woman; Disputing Theologians (1876), Cologne
Museum; Friendly Neighbours, Home Again; The Criminal (1877); Virgin,
Lucifer, and Death (1878); Last Visit (1879); Village Revolt (1880);
Allegorical Figures in Central Hall, Leipsic.--Illustr. Zeitg.
(1875), i. 293; Kunst-Chronik, xix. 484; xx. 184; Leixner, D. mod.
K., i. 93; ii. 102; D. Rundschau, xvii. 301.
GURK, EDUARD, born in Vienna in 1802, died in Jerusalem, March 31,
1841. Architecture painter, pupil of the Vienna Academy. Early
favoured with orders by the Emperor, and made court-painter, he went
with the Archduke Frederic on the expedition to Syria, to paint
the most interesting monuments of Palestine for the court. Works:
St. Thomas’s Church in Brünn; Interior of Mariazell; Cathedral of
Königgrätz; Imperial Burg in Prague; Coronation of Emperor Ferdinand
in Prague.--Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 182; Wurzbach, vi. 37.
GURLITT, LUDWIG, born at Altona, Holstein, March 8, 1812. Landscape
painter, pupil in Hamburg of Bendixen; then studied in Munich in
1832–35, and at Copenhagen Academy in 1835–38; visited Norway,
Sweden, and in 1839 Upper Italy, Tyrol, and Munich; after his
return became member of the Copenhagen Academy. In 1843 he went to
Düsseldorf, and soon after to Rome, Naples, and Sicily; lived in
1846–48 in Berlin, then at Castle Nischwitz in Saxony, and in 1851–59
in Vienna, whence he visited Dalmatia (1855), Italy (1856), and
Greece (1858). From 1859 he lived partly at Gotha, partly at Castle
Siebleben, which Duke Ernest had placed at his disposal, visited
Spain and Portugal in 1867–68, settled in Dresden in 1873, and lives
now in a villa at Plauen. Member of Copenhagen and Madrid Academies;
professor. Works: North Shore of Lake Garda (1839), Castell Gandolfo
(1845), View in Sicily, Leipsic Museum; Crissean Plain in Greece;
Plain near Thebes; Roman Campagna (1846); Landscape in Albanian
Mountains (1850), National Gallery, Berlin; Valley near Sorrento
(1854), Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Lake of Nemi; Landscape from Sabine
Mountains; Keller Lake in Holstein (1865); Gibraltar (1877); Evening
in Busaco Monastery (1878), Dresden Gallery; Beech Wood on Plön
Lake; View in Jutland; The Acropolis at Athens, Gotha Museum; View
near Berchtesgaden, New Pinakothek, Munich.--Brockhaus, vii. 633;
Illustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. 143; Müller, 226; Zeitschr. f. b. K., x.
(Mittheilungen, iii. 26); Weilbach, 216; Wurzbach, vi. 38.
[Illustration: Bust]
GUSSOW, KARL, born at Havelberg, Brandenburg, in 1843. Genre and
portrait painter, pupil of Weimar Art School under Ramberg and
Pauwels; went in 1867 to Munich, and after a visit to Italy returned
to Weimar. In 1871 he became professor at the Art School, in 1874 at
the Carlsruhe Art School, and in 1875 at the Berlin Academy. Gold
medal, 1875. Member of Berlin Academy in 1883. Works: Diana Hunting
(1870); Faun and Nymph; Woman going to Church; Blind Man’s Buff;
Sweetheart’s Portrait (1872); Sewing Girl, Morning Hour (1873);
Little Cat, Lover of Flowers, Lost Happiness, Peasant’s Family
(1876); Washing Statue of Venus; Welcome (1878); Still Life, Studio,
Fruit-Seller, Portrait of Old Lady (1878); Two Old People (1880);
Artilleryman’s Story of the Battle, Ghent Museum.--Illustr. Zeitg.
(1873), ii. 473; Müller, 227; Rosenberg, Berliner Malerschule,
308; Leixner, D. mod. K., i. 42; D. Rundschau, ix. 319; xiii. 328;
Zeitschr., xv. 45; xvi. 145.
GÜTERBOCK, LEOPOLD, born in Berlin, died March 21, 1881. Genre
painter, chiefly of historical and Oriental scenes, which he
executed with humour and fine colouring. Works: Scene from Götz von
Berlichingen; Severe Lecture; Drug-Store in 11th Century; Old Toper;
Recruiting in Thirty Years’ War; Columbus at La Rabida; At City Hall
of a German Town at the End of Thirty Years’ War; Forbidden Reading,
Stettin Museum.--Müller, 227.
GUTHERS, KARL, born in Switzerland in 1844. Portrait and genre
painter, went to America with his parents in 1851, and painted
portraits at Memphis, Tenn.; went in 1868 to Paris, where he studied
under Cabasson, Pils, and at the École des Beaux Arts; studied in
Brussels and Antwerp in 1870, and in 1871 went to Rome; returned to
Memphis in 1873, and moved to St. Louis in 1874. Works: Awakening
of Spring (1871); Ecce Homo; Evening on the Nile; Sappho; American
Women. Many excellent portraits.--Müller, 227.
GUY, SEYMOUR JOSEPH, born in Greenwich, England, Jan. 16, 1824.
Genre painter, pupil of Buttersworth and of Ambrose Jerome, English
painters. Settled in New York in 1854; elected an A.N.A. in 1861, and
N.A. in 1865. Studio in New York. Works: The Spring (1865); Sorrows
of Little Red Riding Hood; Orange Girl; Fair Venice; Supplication;
Knot in the Skein; The Gamut; Children catching the Bird; Little
Sweeper, C. P. Huntington, New York; Bedtime Story, T. B. Clarke,
ib.; Cash in Hand, First Up, T. M. Scott, San Francisco; Making
a Train, G. Whitney, Philadelphia; Spirit of ’76 (1880); Waiting
(1882); See-Saw Margery Daw (1884).--Sheldon, 65.
GYÁRFÁS, EUGEN, born in Hungary; contemporary. Genre painter.
Works: The First Tooth; Judgment at the Bier (1883); Joys of Winter
(1884).--La Illustracion (1884), i. 395; Kunst-Chronik, xix. 351;
Zeitschr. f. b. K., xix. 230.
GYNECEUM (Le Gynécée), Gustave _Boulanger_, Paris. The female
apartments in a Pompeiian house. In a Corinthian atrium the mistress
of the house, seated under an awning, watches her children at play,
while her husband comes in at the background and is greeted by the
dog, which runs to meet him; around their mistress, maid-servants
drive away flies and water flowers. Salon, 1875.
GYSELS (Geysels, Gijzens, Gysen), PEETER, born in Antwerp, baptized
Dec. 3, 1621, died there in 1690 or 1691. Flemish school; pupil of
Jan Boots, perhaps also of Jan Brueghel the younger, but formed
himself after Jan the elder; painted flowers, fruit, and still life,
also small landscapes. Master of the guild at Antwerp in 1650. His
works are distinguished for good composition and graceful treatment.
Works: Dead and Living Animals, Mr. Hope, London; Dead Game, Marquis
of Bute, ib.; do., Brussels Museum; Still Life (last work), Antwerp
Museum; Game with Hunting Implements, Hague Museum; do., Darmstadt
Museum; A Town, Amsterdam Museum; ten pictures (landscapes and still
life), Dresden Gallery; Dutch Village, Landscape, Berlin Museum;
Windmill in level Country, Old Pinakothek, Munich; do., Schleissheim
Gallery; Breakfast Table, Schwerin Gallery; Fruit-piece, Hermitage,
St. Petersburg.--Immerzeel, i. 300; Kramm, ii. 615; Michiels, v. 378;
Rooses (Reber), 416; Van den Branden, 416.
[Illustration: Bust]
GYSIS, NIKOLAUS, born in Isle of Tinos, Greek Archipelago, March 1,
1842. History and genre painter, pupil of Munich Academy and of
Piloty. In 1872 he went to Athens and travelled through Asia Minor.
Since 1874 has resided in Munich, where he has painted several
Oriental subjects and recently some large allegorical pictures.
Medal, Paris, 3d class, 1878. Works: Joseph interpreting the Dream;
Dog-Visitation (1870); The Orphans; News of Sedan (1871); The Chicken
Thief (1873); Betrothal of Children in Greece; Pilgrimage of Painters
in the East; Child’s Confession (1878), Darmstadt Museum; Art and
its Genii (1879); Charity, New York Museum.--Brockhaus, viii. 670;
Kunst-Chronik, vi. 6; Müller, 228.
HAACH, LUDWIG, born in Dresden in 1813, died in Rome, March 24, 1842.
History painter, pupil of the Drawing School at Meissen, and in 1830
of Dresden Academy, then, in 1837, under Hildebrandt, of Düsseldorf
Academy; in 1841 went to Rome, where he undermined his health by
overwork. In 1836 he decorated a hall in the house of the bookseller
Barth at Leipsic with convivial scenes. Works: Christ in the Storm
(1838); Isaac and Rebekah (1840); The Three Kings before Herod (1842,
unfinished).--Andresen, i. 44; W. Müller, Düsseldf. K., 42.
HAAG, KARL, born at Erlangen, Würtemberg, April 20, 1820. Genre
painter, pupil of Nuremberg Art School, continued his studies in
Munich and Rome; went in 1847 to England, where he took up painting
in water-colours exclusively; visited Italy, and, in 1858, the
Libyan Desert, dwelt for months among the Bedouins, and has since
made repeated visits to Egypt and other parts of the East. Since
1867 has lived at Hampstead, London. His pictures are distinguished
by ethnographic interest as well as characteristic conception and
masterly chiaroscuro. Court-painter to Duke of Coburg-Gotha; member
of Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours since 1850; honorary
member of Société Belge des Aquarellistes; L. of Honour, 1878.
Works: Ancient Vestibule beneath Temple Area in Jerusalem; Golden
Gateway; Holy Rock in Mosque of Omar; Aghile Agha receiving Prince
of Wales; Tribe of Anazeh Bedouins leaving Palmyra; Bivouac in the
Desert; Arrival at Well in Desert; Preparing Evening Meal; Desert
Hospitality; On the Alert; Ready for Defence; Terror of the Desert;
Danger in the Desert; Sabine Woman; Bedouin’s Devotion; Ruins of
Baalbek; Panorama of Palmyra; Sphinx of Ghizeh; Pyramid of Cheops
(1880); View in Bavarian Alps; High-Priest at Nablus; A Dragoman;
Acropolis at Athens; Young Nubian Woman; Nargileh; Evening at
Balmoral; Royal Family ascending Loch-na-Garaidh; Stags brought Home;
Queen and Prince Consort fording Pool Tarff.--Art Journal (1883),
71; Brockhaus, viii. 672; Müller, 228; Men of the Time (1884), 508;
Portfolio (1878), 81.
HAANEN, GEORG GILLIS VAN, born at Utrecht, Aug. 23, 1807. Genre and
landscape painter, son and pupil of Casparis van Haanen (1778–1849);
studied from nature on his travels (about 1842) through Germany to
Vienna, whence he made study-trips to Hungary, visited Antwerp,
and since 1854 seems to have settled at Cologne. His pictures are
distinguished for exquisite light effects and fine execution. Member
of Amsterdam Academy in 1835. Works: Evening School; Peasant Inn;
Quiet Evening, Vienna Museum; Dutch Vestibule (1841), Leipsic Museum;
Oak Wood in Hungary, Meadow in the Woods after Rain, Lady with
Artist’s Sketch-book (1847); Dutch School by Candlelight (1851);
Market at Night, View in Bakony Forest--Hungary (1852); Paternal
Instruction, Halt before Dutch Inn, Old Dutch Church in Evening
Light (1853); Dutch Interior in Sunlight (1857). His sister and
pupil, Elisabeth Alida (born in 1809, died in 1845), married to the
genre painter, Petrus Kiers, was an artist whose able work was cut
short by an untimely death; honorary member of Amsterdam Academy in
1838.--Immerzeel, ii. 2; Kramm, ii. 619; Wurzbach, vi. 100.
HAANEN, REMY (Remigius Adrianus), VAN, born at Oosterhoudt, North
Brabant, Jan. 5, 1812. Landscape painter, brother of Georges Gillis,
pupil in Hilversum of Ravenszwaay; since 1834 has visited the greater
part of Europe, with long sojourns in Frankfort, London, and St.
Petersburg, and in 1842 settled in Vienna. Member of Amsterdam,
Milan, Venice, and St. Petersburg Academies. Has etched many of his
own works. Works: Landscape on Theiss River; Winter Landscape (1835),
National Gallery, Berlin; do. (1846), Ravené Gallery, ib.; Oak Wood
in Winter (1864); View in Gelderland; Wood-Interior; Storm after
Sunset; Wood Landscape in manner of Hobbema (1877); Wood Landscape
(1884); do. (3, 1885). His son Cecil is also an able landscape
painter.--Brockhaus, viii. 673; Immerzeel, ii. 3; Kramm, ii. 619;
Dioskuren, 1865–67; Müller, 229; Wurzbach, vi. 101.
HAARLEM, CORNELIS VAN. See _Corneliszen_.
HAARLEM, GERRIT VAN. See _Geertgen_ van Sint-Jans.
HAAS, JOHANNES HUBERTUS LEONARDUS DE, born at Hedel, North Brabant,
March 25, 1832, died in Brussels, Aug. 16, 1880. Animal painter,
pupil in Haarlem of Van Oos, went in 1857 to Brussels, and within a
few years achieved a brilliant success. Gold medal, Munich, 1869.
Works: After the Flood (1861); Horses in Rainy Weather; Young Bull at
the Ferry; Landscape with Cattle; Bull with Cow; Donkey in the Downs
(1869); Trio of Donkeys, Lisbon Gallery; Cattle on the Rhine; Three
Comrades; Cows at Pasture, National Gallery, Berlin; Pasture on Banks
of the Yssel, Brussels Museum; Cattle-piece, Kunsthalle, Hamburg;
Milking Woman; Common Pasture; Labourer’s Cow; Approach of Storm;
Noonday Rest on North Sea; Cattle on River-bank in Holland.--Meyer,
Conv. Lex., xvii. 427.
[Illustration: Bust]
HAAS, MAURITZ FREDERICK HENDRICK DE, born in Rotterdam, Dec. 12,
1832. Marine painter, pupil of Spoel and Bosboom, and later of
Louis Meyer at The Hague. Sketched along the coasts of Holland and
England; in 1851 studied water-colour in London; settled in 1858 in
New York, where he still resides. Elected an A.N.A. in 1863, and N.A.
in 1867. Works: Admiral Farragut’s Fleet passing New Orleans (1867);
Coast of France (1868); Sunset at Sea (1871); Beach at West Hampton
(1875); Beach at Granville--Coast of France, Fishing Smacks in the
English Channel (1878); Sunset at Pigeon Cove, H. P. Kidder, Boston;
Moonlight at Sea, H. B. Hurlbut Collection, Cleveland; Gros-Nez
Castle--Isle of Jersey, Leland Stanford, San Francisco; Sunrise in
a Fog near Newport, E. D. Morgan Collection, New York; Wreck on the
Isle of Jersey, Tropical Sunset at Sea, R. L. Stuart, ib.; Shipwreck,
August Belmont, ib.; Sunset on Connecticut Coast, C. S. Smith, ib.;
Sunset at Sea, Mrs. Joseph Harrison, Philadelphia; Sea View, C. H.
Clarke, ib.; After the Collision--Moonrise (1879); Menhaden Boats
off Long Island Beach (1880); Herring Boats off Scheveningen (1881);
Breezy Day--Mouth of the Tyne (1882); At Sea, Moonlight--New England
Coast (1883); Off Marblehead--Mass., Waiting for the Mackerel, Fresh
Breeze (1884).
HAAS, WILLIAM FREDERICK DE, born in Rotterdam, June 15, 1830, died
in Fayal, July 16, 1880. Marine painter, brother of preceding; pupil
of the Rotterdam Royal Academy and of Jan Bosboom at The Hague. In
1854 went to New York, where he passed his professional life. Works:
Sunrise on the Susquehanna (1867); Fishing-Boats off Mt. Desert, Boon
Island--Coast of Maine (1874); Midsummer Noon, Biddeford Beach--Maine
(1875); Lower Harbour of Halifax, Evening at Halifax (1876);
Narragansett Pier (1877); Near St. John’s--Newfoundland (1878); Near
South-West Harbour--Mt. Desert, Morning on the Coast, Near Grace
Harbour--Newfoundland (1879).--Am. Art Rev. (1880), 551.
HABENSCHADEN, SEBASTIAN, born in Munich, March 29, 1813, died there,
May 7, 1868. Landscape and animal painter, pupil of Adler, and
in 1829 of the Munich Academy; studied nature in the environs of
Munich and in the Bavarian and Tyrolese Alps; visited Italy in 1840.
Modelled animals in clay and wax with much skill, and was an engraver
of merit. Works: Cows at Pasture (1838); Alp with Herds-women before
a Cottage (1844); Alpine Cow-keeper crossing Foot-bridge (1847); Hay
Harvest (1850); Peasants in the Field, Morning in the Country, Herd
of Cattle (1851); Forester and Shepherd, Morning in the Mountains
(1854); Starting for the Alp (1854); Snipe Hunting, Ravine at Sunset,
Railroad through the Woods (1864).--Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 266;
Andresen, iii. 193.
HÄBERLIN, KARL, born at Oberesslingen, Würtemberg, Dec. 16, 1832.
History painter, pupil of Stuttgart Art School, from 1852 of
Düsseldorf Academy under Schadow, and from 1858 in Munich, of
Piloty; visited France and England, and in 1864 Italy, and settled
in 1866 in Stuttgart, where he became professor at the Art School
in 1868. Resigned the latter position in 1883. Works: Death of
Sickingen (1854); Storming of Convent (1856); Jew Süss; Dissolution
of Alpirsbach Monastery (1862), Stuttgart Museum; Battle of Belgrade,
Royal Gallery, ib.; Women of Schorndorf in 1688; Tetzel’s Journey
through Saxony; Scene in Court Room; Capture of Robber-Gang;
Savonarola; Siege of Stralsund; Jacobea of Bavaria (fresco, 1864),
National Museum, Munich.--Brockhaus, viii. 683; Müller, 229.
HABRON, painter, country and date unknown. Pliny mentions (xxxv. 40
[141]) among his works a Friendship and Peace and several images of
the gods.
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