died at Brussels (?) in 1715. Flemish school; landscape, animal, and
still-life painter in the manner of Jan Fyt. There is no evidence of
his birth at Antwerp, where he appears first in 1689, when married;
seems to have lived at Brussels until 1692, then settled at Antwerp,
where he entered the guild in 1699. Said to have afterwards returned
to Brussels. Works: Landscape with Dead Game, Huntsman and Dogs,
Louvre, Paris; Dead Birds, Fruits and Vegetables, Lille Museum;
Poultry, Dead Game, Cherbourg Museum; Dead Game (2), Rouen Museum;
Hares and Partridges, Dijon Museum; Dogs and Dead Game (3), Basle
Museum; Landscapes with Dead Game and Dogs (2), Poultry Yards (2),
Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Allegory on War and Peace, New York
Museum; Dogs and Game, Historical Society, New York; Rabbits and
Fowl, Mrs. Joseph Harrison, Philadelphia.--Van den Branden, 1106.
GSELLHOFER, KARL, born in Vienna, Oct. 28, 1779, died there, May
17, 1858. History, portrait, landscape, and miniature painter,
pupil of Vienna Academy under Füger; became professor there in
1819. Many of his landscapes are in the collections of the Imperial
family.--Wurzbach, v. 403.
[Illustration: Signature]
GUARDI, FRANCESCO, born in Venice in 1712, died in 1793. Venetian
school; architecture and landscape painter, pupil and imitator of
Canaletto; painted many views of Venice, which, though less precise
in perspective and architectural detail than those of his master,
are charming in style and execution. Works: View of Venice, S. M. de
la Salute, Fête of Corpus Domini, Fête of Jeudi Gras, Procession of
Doge to S. Zaccaria, Grand Hall in Palazzo Ducale, Louvre, Paris;
Isle of S. Giorgio, Museo Civico, Venice; Views (2) in Venice, Verona
Museum; Views in Venice (3), Bergamo Gallery; Grand Canal, Fondaco
dei Tedeschi, Modena Museum; Interior of S. Marco, Brussels Museum;
Views (2) in Venice, Nantes Museum; do. (4), Berlin Museum; View in
Venice, Church and Piazza of S. Marco, National Gallery, London; View
on the Grand Canal, Seven Views of Venice, Bridgewater Gallery, ib.;
Church on Grand Canal, South Kensington Museum, ib.; Views in Venice,
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge; Church of San Giorgio, Piazetta of San
Marco, Glasgow Gallery; The Doge’s State Barge, National Gallery,
Dublin; The Rialto, Santa Maria della Salute--Venice, New York
Museum.--Seguier; Wurzbach, vi. 7.
GUARIENTO DA PADUA, 14th century (1316–75). Venetian school.
He painted frescos in the Eremitani, Padua, which, though much
repainted, show that he inherited the Byzantine manner of the
predecessors of Cimabue and Giotto. He was the first to adorn the
Sala del Gran Consiglio, Venice, in 1365, with a Paradise, afterward
replaced by Tintoretto. A Crucifixion by him is in the Pinacoteca,
Bassano, and frescos in the choir of the Eremitani, Padua.--C. & C.,
Italy, ii. 252; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., vi. 86; xi. 333, N. 3; Ridolfi,
Le Maraviglie dell’Arte (Venice, 1648), 27; Burckhardt, 521.
GUASTA, BENVENUTO DI GIOVANNI DI MEO DEL, died in 1517 (?). Sienese
school. Described in a record of 1455 as employed in the baptistery
of S. Giovanni, Siena, but his first extant picture (1466) is the
Annunciation in S. Girolamo, Volterra. Its counterpart is in the
sacristy of SS. Piero e Paulo at Buonconvento. Other of his pictures
are in the Siena Academy, and in churches there. His hard and precise
style somewhat resembles that of Il Vecchietta.--C. &. C., Italy,
iii. 70; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., iv. 163; xi. 173; xii. 85; Lübke,
Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 385.
GUASTO, MARQUIS DEL. See _Avalos_.
GUAY, GABRIEL, born in Paris; contemporary. Genre painter, pupil
of Gérôme and of Lequien. Medal, 3d class, 1878. Works: Ulysses
suspended over Charybdis (1873); Slumber, After the Ball (1874); In
Carnival, Incorruptible (1876); In the absence of the Master, Latona
and the Peasants (1877); The Levite of Ephraim (1878); The Tallianum
during the Persecution (1880); Mater Amabilis, Souvenir de Veules
(1881); La Source, Cosette (1882); Father Rabu, Mother Race (1884);
The Wounded Dove (1885); Birth of Spring, Mrs. D. D. Colton, San
Francisco.
[Illustration: Bust]
GUDE, HANS FREDRIK, born in Christiania, March 13, 1825. Landscape
and marine painter, pupil of Andreas Achenbach, and of Düsseldorf
Academy under Schirmer; visited Norway in 1843–46, lived in
Christiania in 1848–50, became professor at the Düsseldorf Academy in
1854; went to England in 1862, and to Carlsruhe in 1864 as professor
at the art-school. Since 1880, professor at Berlin Academy. Member
of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Stockholm, Berlin, and Vienna Academies.
Great gold medal in Berlin (1852 and 1860) and Weimar (1861). Medal,
Paris, 2d class, 1855, 1861, 1867. Numerous Orders. Works: High Plain
with Reindeer (1847); Bridal Procession on Hardanger Fjord (1848);
Birch Wood (1848), Christiania Gallery; Four landscapes from Sogne
(1849–50), Oscarshall, near Christiania; Night-Fishing in Norway
(1851); Mountainous Landscape with Pine Wood (1852); Funeral in Sogne
Fjord, Lledr Valley in Wales, Stockholm Museum; Norwegian Mountains;
Mountain Shepherdesses with Herd; Fishermen in Evening Landscape;
Summer Evening on Norwegian Lake (1851, figures by Tidemand),
Norwegian Coast (1870), National Gallery, Berlin; Christiania
Fjord (1857), Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Norwegian Harbour of Refuge
(1873), Bremen Gallery; do., Carlsruhe Gallery; Calm-Sea, Cologne
Museum; do., Stuttgart Gallery; Chiem Lake, Vienna Academy; Harbour
of Christiania; Pilot-House on Norwegian Coast; View on Nether
Rhine; Scotch Landscape (1878).--Illustr. Zeitg. (1882), i. 387;
Kunst-Chronik, v. 124; W. Müller, Düsseldf. K., 311, 343; Wiegmann,
388; Zeitschr., vi. 176; xvi. 151; xxi. 40.
[Illustration: Bust]
GUDIN, (JEAN ANTOINE) THÉODORE, born in Paris, Aug. 15, 1802, died
at Boulogne-sur-Seine, April 11, 1880. Marine painter, pupil of
Girodet-Trioson, but soon abandoned his style. His early and best
pictures, landscapes, and marines, are fine in colour and bold in
execution, but the later are tame and conventional in style. He was
marine painter to the court under Louis Philippe and Napoleon III.
Medals: 2d class, 1824; 1st class, 1848, 1855; L. of Honour, 1828;
Officer, 1841; Commander, 1855. Works: Return of the Fishermen,
Burning of the Kent (1827); Rescue of the Passengers of the Colomb,
Frigate Siren in a Gale, Explosion of the Emperor’s Fort at Algiers,
View of Constantinople looking toward Pera, View of Salenelles at
the Mouth of the Orne, Schooner Hazard captured by Boarding (1830 to
1840); On the Shore of the Channel, Evening on the Shore of the North
Sea (1879), Sunrise on the Ile de Bourbon, Sun rising over Vesuvius
(1880); Sixty Marines (1838–55), Versailles Museum; View of Havre,
Avignon Museum; Devotion of Captain Desse, Bordeaux Museum; Others in
Nantes, Perpignan, and Rodez Museums; Coast Scene, Brussels Museum;
Fishermen on the Beach, Kunsthalle, Hamburg; View on French Coast
(1826), Schwerin Gallery; Coast of Brittany (1844), Smugglers on
Coast of Biscay (1845), National Gallery, Berlin; Coast Scene (1839),
Storm at Sea (1843), Ravené Gallery, ib.; Shipwreck on Coast of Genoa
(1837), Agitated Sea (1839), Leipsic Museum; Naval Battle in Time of
Louis XIV. (1852), Dresden Gallery; Agitated Sea with Vessels, Basle
Museum.--Art Journal (1880), 300; Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 706;
Kunst-Chronik, xv. 450; Illustr. Zeitg. (1880), i. 37.
GUELDRY, JOSEPH FERDINAND, Genre and portrait painter, pupil of
Gérôme; member of Inst. Medal, 3d class, 1885. Works: Regatta
at Joinville (1881); Arrival from Cruise (1882); Ferry-man at
Bry-sur-Marne (1883); On the Bluff (1884); Foundry (1885).
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Initials]
GUERCINO, IL, born at Cento, Feb. 8, 1591, died in Bologna, Dec. 22,
1666. Bolognese school. Real name Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, but
called Guercino because he squinted. Son of a peasant and mostly
self-taught, but studied the works of the Carracci; afterward studied
under Benedetto Gennari and later in Venice and Bologna. Went to
Rome in 1621, returned to Cento in 1623, and in 1642 established
himself in Bologna. His house in Cento, Casa di Guercino, contains
many of his works; others are in the Church del Rosario. His statue
by Galletti is in the Piazza. Guercino painted at first in the manner
of the Carracci, but afterward inclined to imitate Caravaggio, and a
few of his latest works approach the manner of Guido; but he is very
unequal, and some of his pictures are crude and marked by an insipid
mannerism. His masterpiece is St. _Petronilla_ raised from the
Tomb, Capitoline Gallery, Rome. Works: Investiture of St. Guglielmo
(1620), St. John Evangelist, Death of St. Peter Martyr, Vision of St.
_Bruno_ in the Desert, Bologna Gallery; St. Sebastian (2), _Madonna_
della Rondinella, _Apollo_ and Marsyas, St. Peter raising Tabitha,
Moses, St. Peter, Susanna at the Bath, Palazzo Pitti, Florence;
Samian Sibyl (1651), _Endymion_, Uffizi, ib.; Dying _Cleopatra_,
Death of Cato, Holy Family, Palazzo Brignoli-Sale, Genoa; Mutius
Scævola, Palazzo Palavicini, ib.; Andromeda, Death of Cleopatra,
Palazzo Balbi, ib.; Dismissal of _Hagar_, Brera, Milan; _Magdalen_,
Marriage of St. Catherine, Deposition, Naples Museum; _Mater_
Dolorosa, Return of the Prodigal, Palazzo Borghese, Rome; Persian
_Sibyl_, St. _Petronilla_, Cleopatra and Octavius, _John_ Baptist,
Capitol Gallery, ib.; _Aurora_, Fame with Force and Virtue, Palazzo
Ludovisi, ib.; Christ at the Well, Ecce Homo, St. Jerome, Palazzo
Corsini, ib.; Death of _Dido_, Palazzo Spada, ib.; Incredulity of
St. _Thomas_, St. _Margaret_ of Cortona, _Magdalen_, Vatican, ib.;
Martyrdom of St. _Peter_, _Mars_, Venus and Cupid, Modena Gallery;
Ecce Homo, St. Francis of Assisi, St. Jerome, St. Elizabeth Queen
of Hungary, St. James, St. Frances, Return of Prodigal, and others,
Turin Gallery; Madonna and Saints, Brussels Museum; _Venus_ and
Adonis (2), Birth of Adonis, _Cephalus_ and Procris, _Diana_,
Semiramis, _Dorinda_ Wounded, _Lot_ and his Daughters, Holy Family,
and others, Dresden Museum; _Christ_ crowned with Thorns, Madonna,
Old Pinakothek, Munich; Prodigal Son, Return of Prodigal, St. John in
the Desert, Soldier counting Money, Museum, Vienna; Saint and Angel,
Liechtenstein Gallery, ib.; _Lot_ and his Daughters, Madonna, Raising
of _Lazarus_, _Salome_ receiving Head of John Baptist, Vision of St.
_Jerome_, SS. Benedict and Francis of Assisi, _Madonna_ with Patron
Saints of Modena, _Hersilia_ separating Romulus and Tatius, _Circe_,
St. _Cecilia_, John Baptist, Portrait of Guercino, Louvre, Paris;
St. Peter in Prison, Susanna at the Bath, St. Augustin, Magdalen,
Allegory on Painting, Diana, Disinterested Love, Madrid Museum;
Angels weeping over Dead Christ, National Gallery, London; Beatrice
_Cenci_, Bridgewater House, ib.; St. Cecilia, Dulwich Gallery;
_Assumption_, Martyrdom of St. _Catherine_, St. Jerome, Hermitage,
St. Petersburg.--Calvi, Life (Bologna, 1808); Malvasia, ii. 255;
Lanzi, iii. 108; Ch. Blanc, École bolonaise; Dohme, 2iii.; Meyer,
Künst. Lex., iii. 1.
GUÉRIN, (JEAN BAPTISTE) PAULIN, born in Toulon, March 25, 1783, died
in Paris, Jan. 19, 1855. French school; history and portrait painter,
pupil of Vincent. His pictures are heavy in style, though good in
colour. Medal in 1817; L. of Honour, 1822; professor, same year.
Works: Cain after Murder of Abel (1812); Christ Dead (1817), Catholic
Church in Baltimore; Christ on the Virgin’s Knees (1819); Anchises
and Venus (1822); Ulysses resisting the Attacks of Poseidon (1824),
Rennes Museum; Adam and Eve expelled from Paradise (1827); Holy
Family (1829), Toulon Cathedral; Death of Christ, Church of Noailles;
Chevalier Rose during the Plague at Marseilles (1834); St. Catherine
(1838), St. Roch, Paris; Revery, Conversion of St. Augustine (1844);
Ann of Austria, Regent, Portraits of Marshals Rochefort, Roquelaure,
and Duke de Châtillon, Versailles Museum.--Bellier de la Chavignerie,
i. 714.
GUÉRIN, JEAN MICHEL PROSPER, born in Paris, March 23, 1838. History
and portrait painter, pupil of H. Flandrin, Dumas, and Cornu. Medal,
1867. Works: Before the Feast of Bacchus (1865); Hagar, The Refuge
(1867); Pietà (1868); St. Cecilia dying hears a Celestial Concert
(1869); The Danaides (1876); The Golden Age (1877); St. Mary of
Egypt (1878); Souvenir of Carnival (1879); Love of Thetis and Peleus
(1880); Ugolino and his Children (1882); St. Agnes (1885).
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signature]
GUÉRIN, PIERRE NARCISSE, Baron, born in Paris, May 13, 1774, died in
Rome, July 16, 1833. French school; genre painter, pupil of Regnault;
became one of the most successful painters of his day, and had among
his pupils Géricault, Sigalon, Delacroix, and Ary Scheffer. His
pictures, though masterly in technique, and correct in drawing, are
treated in a somewhat cold and stiff style. Guérin won the grand
prix de Rome in 1797. L. of Honour, 1803; Order of St. Michael,
1819; was made Member of Institute same year; appointed director of
the French Academy in Rome, 1822; Baron, 1829; Officer of the L. of
Honour, 1832. Works: Offering to _Æsculapius_ (1795), Louvre, Paris;
Murder of Geta, Coriolanus and the Body of Brutus (1796); Death of
Cato (1797); Return of Marcus Sextus (1799), Louvre; Orpheus weeping
over the Grave of Eurydice (1801); Phædra and Hippolytus (1802),
Louvre; Replica in Bordeaux Museum; Napoleon pardoning the Rebels in
Cairo (1806), Versailles Museum; _Andromache_ and Pyrrhus (1810),
Louvre, Replica in Bordeaux Museum; Cephalus and Aurora (1810); Dido
listening to Story of _Æneas_ (1817), Louvre; _Clytemnestra_ urged
by Egisthus to murder Agamemnon (1817), Louvre; Murder of Priam,
St. Louis rendering Justice, Angers Museum; Death of Marshal Lannes
in Battle of Essling, Valenciennes Museum; Portrait of Henri de la
Rochejacquelin (1817).--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 714; Ch. Blanc,
École française; Larousse; Lenormant, B. Arts et Voyages, i. 142;
Meyer, Gesch., 125.
GUESNET, LOUIS FÉLIX, born at Fitz-James (Oise), April 27, 1843.
Genre painter, pupil of Lamothe. Medals: 2d class, 1872; 1st class,
1873. Works: Mazeppa (1872); Roland at Roncevalles (1873); Barbarians
in a Roman Villa (1875); Hunting (1882).
GUET, CHARLEMAGNE OSCAR, born in Meaux (Seine-et-Marne), Jan. 24,
1801, died in Paris, Nov. 29, 1871. Genre painter, pupil of Hersent
and of Horace Vernet. He gathered his subjects from many countries,
and exhibited regularly from 1819 to 1850. Medals: 2d class, 1822 and
1831; 1st class, 1839; L. of Honour, 1846. Works: Cuirassiers of the
Guard (1822); Little Organ-Player; Soldier’s Return; Military Stable;
Oyster-Bed at Grandville; Fishermen of Grandville and Cancale; A
Barbarism; Trout-Fishing; Pluck the Rose in the Morning of Life;
The Panniers, Marino Faliero and Helena; Norman and Breton Sailors;
Sick Child; Phœbus and Mme. Gondelaurier; Phœbus and Esmeralda with
Falourdel; Return from the Fields; Return from Market; The Fountain;
Mother’s Caresses; Preparing for the Ball; Magnolia; Woman Bathing;
Revery, Coming from the Bath.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 717.
GUEVARA, JUAN NIÑO DE, born at Madrid in 1632, died at Malaga in
1698. History painter, pupil of Miguel Manrique and of Alonso Cano.
His works in Malaga, Granada, and Cordova have been compared to those
of Van Dyck.
GUFFENS, GODFROID, born at Hasselt, Limburg, July 23, 1823. History
painter, pupil of Antwerp Academy under Nicaise de Keyser, then with
his fellow-student Jan Swerts visited Paris in 1847, the art centres
of Germany in 1850, and Italy in 1850–52. After their return they
worked conjointly until 1874, when Swerts became director of the
Prague Academy. In 1858 they were sent by the government to Munich,
to report on the first great German Art exhibition, which caused the
exhibition in Brussels in 1859 of cartoons by Cornelius, Kaulbach,
Schwind, etc., greatly influencing Belgian art. Honorary member of
Munich, Dresden (1859), and Amsterdam (1861) Academies, of German
Art Union (1859); corresponding member of Institut de France (1873);
member of Brussels (1876) and Antwerp (1880) Academies. Gold medals,
Brussels, 1848, 1851; Order of Leopold, 1855; Officer, 1869; Baden
Order of Zähringer Lion, 1860; Order of Oaken Crown, 1861; Weimar
Order of White Falcon, 1865; Papal Order of Gregory, 1871; Order
of Francis Joseph, 1875. Removed from Antwerp to Brussels in 1871.
Works: Galileo in Prison; Coronation of Virgin; Count van Looz
granting Community of Hasselt the Privilege of City; Scene from
Destruction of Pompeii; Prayer of the Three Sisters; Imprisoned
Blanca von Felsenstein in Prayer; Christ allaying the Storm; Hymnus
Mysticus; Lucretia and her Women; Pausias and Glycera; Rouget de
Lisle singing the Marseillaise for the First Time, Pennsylvania
Academy, Philadelphia; Julia and her Mother; Return from Holy
Sepulchre, Altarpiece with Madonna and Saints; Portraits. Frescos:
Seven Sorrows of the Virgin (1855–70), Notre Dame at St. Nicolas,
near Antwerp; Scenes from Life of Christ (1859–71), St. George’s,
Antwerp; Episodes in History of Flanders (1861–69), Town Hall, Ypern;
Christ and Two Angels (1870), Ince Blundell Hall, near Liverpool;
Scenes from Local History (1873–75), Town Hall, Courtray; Fall of
Man, Redemption, Baptism of Christ (1879), St. Quentin’s, Hasselt;
Sacrifice of Melchisedek, Last Supper, Entry with the Ark of the
Covenant into Jerusalem, Procession of Corpus Christi (1881), St.
Joseph’s, Louvain.--Müller, 223; Riegel, Wandmalerei in Belgien, 19,
39, 42, 46–62, 86, 105, 247; Gaz. des B. Arts (1864), xvii. 465;
(1868), xxv. 74; Förster, Denkmale, VIII. iii. 23; Illustr. Zeitg.
(1872), i. 227.
GUGEL, KARL, born at Bergzabern, Rhenish Palatinate, April 12, 1820,
died in Munich, June 26, 1885. Genre and portrait painter; painted
at first in imitation of Murillo’s style, which he abandoned for the
representation of ideal female heads and figures in the manner of
Giorgione. Has lived in Munich since 1852. Works: Lute-Player; Gypsy
Girl; After the Bath; Girl Writing; Girl Reading; Gardener-Maid;
Mother and Child; Reading Aloud; Witches’ Ride to the Blocksberg;
Lady of 17th Century, New Pinakothek, Munich.--Müller, 224;
Kunst-Chronik, xx. 669.
GUIAUD, JACQUES, born at Chambéry (Savoy), May 15, 1811, died in
1876. Landscape and architecture painter, pupil of Watelet and of
Cogniet. Medals: 3d class, 1843; 2d class, 1846. Works: Landscapes
and City views in Italy, Tyrol, and Germany (1831–42); do. in Italy,
Spain, and France (1847–76); Castles Gieberg and St. Ulrich at
Ribeauville--Haut-Rhin, View of Procida (1843); Castle of Henry IV.
at Pau, View of Steinach-Tyrol (1846); View of Antwerp Cathedral,
Amiens Museum; Château de Madrid and Bois de Boulogne, Château and
Park at Monceaux (1866), Galerie des Cerfs, Fontainebleau.--Bellier
de la Chavignerie, i. 719.
[Illustration: Signature]
GUIBAL, NICOLAS, born at Luneville, Nov. 29, 1725, died in Stuttgart,
Nov. 3, 1784. French school; history painter, son of the sculptor
Barthélemi G., pupil of Claude Charles in Nancy, and of Natoire
in Paris. Called in 1749 to Stuttgart by Duke Charles Eugene of
Würtemberg, who sent him in 1752 to Rome, where he studied under
Mengs. On his return in 1755 he was appointed first painter to the
Duke, as well as professor and director of the gallery of paintings.
Works: Ceiling of Bath House, Schwetzingen; Ceilings in Library, ib.;
also at Hohenheim, Monrepos, and chapel at Ludwigsburg; Paintings
in churches at Zwiefalten, Gmünd, and Solothurn.--Allgem. deutsche
Biogr., x. 102; Dussieux, Les artistes français à l’étranger, 239;
Haakh, Beiträge, 5; Zeitschr. f.b. K., xii. 151.
GUIDI, TOMMASO DI GIOVANNI. See _Masaccio_.
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signatures]