Dutch school; landscape painter, pupil of Roeland Rogman, in whose
atelier he became acquainted with Rembrandt, Ruysdael, Adriaan
van de Velde, and Lingelbach. In 1667 he went to London, where he
painted Italian landscapes with ruins, and views of the Thames. As
the latter found great favour, he bought a vessel in 1695 and sailed
about between Windsor and Gravesend in order to study coast scenery.
In 1695 he sailed for Rotterdam, but was wrecked and lost all his
property. Nevertheless, he bought a new vessel and again cruised from
place to place to paint. In 1787 he returned to England, where his
pictures were greatly valued. Works: Ruins, View of Windsor Castle,
Hampton Court Palace; Landscape, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge;
View on the Rhine (2), Louvre, Paris; do. Bordeaux Museum; River
View, Amsterdam Museum; Landscapes (2), Stuttgart Gallery; do. (2),
Augsburg Gallery; do. (2), Brunswick Museum; Winter Landscape near
Leyden, with Skaters, Gotha Museum; do. (15), Dresden Gallery;
Soldiers crossing a River, Stockholm Museum; Rhine Views (2), Vienna
Museum; Landscape, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. His younger son, Jan
(died about 1750), was noted as a copyist of Claude Lorrain.--Ch.
Blanc, École hollandaise; Immerzeel, i. 285; Kramm, ii. 604;
Quellenschriften, xiv. 425.
[Illustration: Signature]
GRIFFIER, ROBERT, born in London, Oct. 7, 1688, died there or in
Amsterdam in 1750. Dutch school; son and pupil of Jan Griffier,
whom he often surpassed in painting Rhine views, marines, and
battle pieces. He had an extraordinary talent for imitation, and
deceived even connoisseurs with his clever copies after Wouwerman,
Van de Velde, and Saft Leven. Works: Landscape, Amsterdam Museum;
do., Darmstadt Museum; do., Schwerin Gallery; do., Hermitage, St.
Petersburg.--Immerzeel, i. 296.
GRIGOLETTI, MICHEL ANGIOLO, born at Rorai-grande di Pordenone,
Aug. 29, 1801, died in Venice, Feb. 10, 1870. History painter,
pupil of Venice Academy. Visited Florence and Rome, and settled in
Venice, where in 1839 he became professor at the Academy. His works,
distinguished for their fine colouring, recall the old Venetian
masters. Works: Jupiter caressing Love (1825); Last Interview of the
two Foscari, Museum, Vienna; St. James and St. Joseph, Liechtenstein
Gallery, ib.; Francesca da Rimini; Odalisques at the Bath; Jacob
receiving Joseph; St. Paul preaching at Ephesus; Prodigal Son;
Madonna, St. Anthony’s, Trieste; Christ on Sea of Galilee, Brescia
Cathedral; Altarpieces for Cathedrals of Erlau and Arad, and
Assumption (1846) for Cathedral of Gran, Hungary.--Wurzbach, v. 336.
GRIJFF. See _Gryeff_.
GRIMALDI, GIOVANNI FRANCESCO, born at Bologna in 1606, died in Rome
in 1680. Bolognese school. Called sometimes Il Bolognese. Pupil of
the Carracci; became one of the leading landscape painters of his
day. Employed many years in Rome by different popes, and in Paris by
Cardinal Mazarin and Louis XIV. Works: Scenes from Old Testament,
Quirinal, Rome; Series of Landscapes, Palazzo Borghese, ib.;
Landscapes with Figures (2), Washerwomen, Louvre, Paris; Landscapes,
Bibliothèque nationale, ib.; do., National Gallery, Edinburgh;
Baptism of Christ, Darmstadt Museum.--Lanzi, iii. 132; Ch. Blanc,
École bolonaise; Burckhardt, 764, 808.
GRIMANI, ANTONIO, Doge, portrait, _Titian_, Palazzo Giustiniani,
Padua; canvas, H. 3 ft. 10 in. × 3 ft. 3 in. Painted in 1521; in
Titian’s house till his death; sold in 1581 by Pomponio Vecelli to
Cristoforo Barberigo, and inherited by Count Giustiniani. Another,
painted same time, in possession of Mr. De Rosenberg, Vienna;
and a third, also same date, in Morosini-Gattersburg Collection,
Vienna.--C. & C., Titian, i. 243.
GRIMANI, DOGE, KNEELING BEFORE FAITH. See _Fede_.
GRIMER, ABEL, born at Antwerp about 1575, died there before 1619.
Flemish school; history and landscape painter, son and pupil of Jacob
Grimer; master of the guild in 1592. Works: Christ bearing the Cross
(1593); Skaters under the Bridge of Sint Jorispoort--Antwerp (1604),
Th. van Lerius, Antwerp; Christ with Martha and Mary (1614), Brussels
Museum.--Van den Branden, 300.
GRIMER, JACOB, born at Antwerp about 1526, died there before May,
1590. Flemish school; landscape painter, pupil of Gabriel Bouwens,
Matthys Cock, and Christiaan van den Queeckborne; master of the guild
in 1547. One of the best landscape painters of his time. Works: View
of the Kiel at Antwerp (1575), City Hall, Antwerp; Village Kirmess
(1586), Th. van Lerius, ib.; Legend of St. Eustace, Brussels Museum;
Christ and the Adulteress, Ghent Museum.--Rooses (Reber), 116; Van
den Branden, 297.
GRIMM, LUDWIG EMIL, born at Hanau, May 14, 1790, died at Cassel,
April 4, 1863. History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil in Munich
of Karl Hess; took part in the campaign of 1814 against France,
returned to Cassel, and in 1815 spent some time in Munich. Visited
Italy in 1816, and then settled in Cassel, where he became professor
at the Academy in 1833. Works: Madonna (1818); Holy Family; Baptism
of the Moors; Death of St. Elizabeth; Hessian Peasant Girl in Sunday
Attire; Young Peasant Girl going to Church; Peasant Woman at a Grave;
Portraits of Artist, of Ludwig Hassenpflug, Baron von Dörnberg,
Clemens Brentano.--Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 689; Andresen, v. 117.
[Illustration: Signature]
GRIMMER, HANS, German school, 16th century. Portrait painter, pupil
at Mentz of Matthias Grünewald. Works: Altar wings, Städel Gallery,
Frankfort; Portraits (1570), Vienna Museum; do., Ratisbon Gallery;
Male and Female Portrait, Germanic Museum, Nuremberg.--Kugler
(Crowe), i. 188; W. & W., ii. 440.
GRIMOU (Grimoux, or Grimoud), ALEXIS (Jean?), born at Romont,
Switzerland, about 1680, died in Paris about 1740. French school.
Trained himself by copying works of Van Dyck and Rembrandt; painted
mostly female half figures, represented as singing or playing, or
as pilgrims. Received into the Academy in 1705, but struck off the
list in 1709 on account of his habitual drunkenness and disorderly
life. Works: Portrait of Himself (1724), Man Drinking (1724), Young
Officer (2), Female Pilgrim (1729), Louvre; Mme. Lebaïf, Versailles
Museum; Portrait of Little Girl, Nîmes Museum; Young Woman, David
and Goliath, Besançon Museum; Female Portraits (3), Avignon Museum;
Capuchin, Young Pilgrim, Female Musician, Bordeaux Museum; Head
of a Young Man, Grenoble Museum; Portrait of an Architect, Nantes
Museum; do. of an Actor, Orléans Museum; Artist’s portrait, Perpignan
Museum; Girl as Page, Basle Museum; Female Portraits (2, 1731),
Carlsruhe Gallery; Portrait of Young Man, Städel Gallery, Frankfort;
Boy playing a Flute, Dresden Museum; Portrait of a Woman, Dulwich
Gallery; copy of Murillo’s Good Shepherd, Lord Ellesmere; Woman
holding a Mask, M. Furtado; Head of a Young Woman, M. Adolphe
Fould.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 699; Ch. Blanc, École
française; Lejeune, Guide, i. 422; Mariette, Abecedario, 2.
GRISWOLD, C. C., born in Ohio in 1834. Landscape painter, formerly
had a studio in New York; has lived several years in Rome. Elected an
A.N.A. in 1866, and N.A. in 1867. Works: Autumnal Scene, December,
Last of the Ice (1864); Winter Morning (1865); August Day--Newport
(1866); Early Spring (1869); Purgatory Point, Newport, Seaside
Landscape (1870); Lago de Nemi (1874); Ponte Nolle across the Tiber
(1878), E. B. Haskell; View on the Hudson, J. J. Astor, New York.
GRITTI, ANDREA, Doge, portrait, _Titian_, Palazzo Giustiniani, Padua;
canvas, H. 3 ft. 11½ in. × 3 ft. 3 in. Painted in 1524; in Titian’s
house until his death; sold in 1581 by Pomponio Vecelli to Cristoforo
Barberigo; thence passed by inheritance to Count Giustiniani. Many
replicas by Titian; copies by Pordenone in Czernin Collection,
Vienna, by Tintoretto in Hermitage, St. Petersburg, and by Rubens,
exhibited in Royal Academy, London, 1870.--C. & C., Titian, i. 299;
Ridolfi, Maraviglie, i. 262; Vasari, ed. Mil., vii. 438.
GROB, KONRAD, born at Andelfingen, Switzerland, in 1828. Genre
painter, pupil of Munich Academy under Ramberg, after he had studied
(1842–45) the elements of art in Winterthur, and spent many years
in Italy. Works: Captured Mouse (1870); Italian Beggar Children;
Painting a Peasant Girl; Painter on Study Trip, Zürich Gallery; Visit
on the Ladder; Sunday Afternoon in Switzerland; Father Pestalozzi
(1879), Basle Museum. Müller, 218; Kunst-Chronik, xi.; Zeitschr.,
xii. (Mittheilungen, v. 10).
GRÖGER, FRIEDRICH KARL, born at Ploen, Holstein, Oct. 14, 1766, died
in Hamburg, Nov. 9, 1838. Portrait painter, self-taught. In 1789 he
went with Aldenrath to Berlin, frequented the Academy for some time,
then went to Hamburg, and in 1798 studied in Dresden. Painted for
several years in Kiel and Copenhagen, and finally settled in Hamburg.
Works: Portrait of the Artist, Dresden Gallery; Portraits of Man and
Wife (1829), Portrait of Pastor Klefeker, do. of Aldenrath, do. of
himself, his adopted daughter, and Aldenrath (conjointly with the
latter), Kunsthalle, Hamburg; others in Lübeck, Kiel, Copenhagen
Galleries.--Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 708; Weilbach, 213.
GRÖNLAND, THEUDE, born at Altona, Aug. 31, 1817, died in Berlin,
April 16, 1876. Landscape and still-life painter, pupil of Copenhagen
Academy; lived then for three years in Italy, as long in England,
and twenty-five years in Paris. Settled in 1868 in Berlin, where he
had many pupils. Member of Copenhagen Academy. Medals: Paris, 1st
class, 1848; 2d class, 1855. Work, Fruit-piece, National Gallery,
Berlin. His son, René, born in Paris, Oct. 3, 1849, painted similar
subjects.--Weilbach, 213; Jordan, 108; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch.,
352.
GRÖNVOLD, MARCUS, born at Bergen, Norway, July 5, 1845. Portrait
and genre painter, pupil of Copenhagen and of Munich Academies, and
studied from 1870 to 1878 under Wilhelm Diez, Otto Seitz, and Piloty;
won several medals, visited Italy in 1874, Berlin and Düsseldorf in
1876, and Paris in 1878; member of jury at Düsseldorf Exhibition
in 1880. Works: The Burgomaster; Consolation; Uninvited Guests;
Poachers; Sunday Morning; Scene from Saga of Wieland the Smith,
Cologne Museum; Portrait of Knut Baade.--Illustr. Zeitg. (1881), i.
41; Müller, 218; Leixner, D. mod. K., ii. 79.
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signature]
GROS, ANTOINE JEAN, Baron, born in Paris, March 16, 1771, died there,
June 27, 1835. History and portrait painter, son of Jean Antoine,
miniature painter, and pupil of David; competed unsuccessfully for
the prix de Rome in 1792, supported himself by painting portraits,
and in 1793 went to Italy. In 1796 he was presented to General
Bonaparte at Milan, and obtained his favour by painting him on the
bridge at Arcole. The General had the picture engraved by Longhi,
gave the plate to Gros, appointed him review inspector, and put
him on the commission charged to select works of art to be sent to
France. In 1799 he escaped from Genoa on an English ship, arrived
half dead at Antibes, and in 1801 gained at Paris a competition prize
for a sketch of Battle of Nazareth, an historical picture never
executed. Up to 1812, he painted battles of the Empire and portraits,
then was commissioned to paint the cupola of St. Geneviève, which he
finished in 1824, when he was ennobled. In 1815 directed the school
of David during that painter’s exile; in 1816 named member of the
Institute, counsellor of Royal Museum, professor of École des Beaux
Arts; 1819, Order of San Michel; 1828, L. of Honour. His portrait
of Charles X. (1827), some ceilings at the Louvre, and a Hercules
exhibited in 1835, were so severely criticised that Gros fell into
a state of melancholy and drowned himself. Between 1816 and 1835 he
had formed more than four hundred pupils. Works: Girl Bathing (1791),
Female Portrait, Besançon Museum; Female Portrait (1798), Marseilles
Museum; Battle of Nazareth (1801, sketch), Nantes Museum; Plague of
_Jaffa_ (1804), Battlefield of _Eylau_ (1808), Francis I. and Charles
V. visiting the Tombs in St. Denis (1812), Louvre, Paris; Battle of
_Aboukir_ (1806), Capitulation of Madrid, Battle of the _Pyramids_
(1810), Interview between Napoleon and Emperor of Austria (1812),
Louis XVIII. quitting the Tuileries in 1815 (1817), Charles X. at the
Camp of Reims (1827), portraits of Masséna and Duc de Bellune, Eugène
Beauharnais, King Jerome (1808), Marshal Duroc, Count Daru, General
Count Fournier-Sarlovèse (1812), of himself, Versailles Museum;
Embarcation of Duchesse d’Angoulême (1819), Bordeaux Museum; Venus
and Cupid (1832), Hercules and Diomedes (1835), Portraits of himself
and Madame Gros, Toulouse Museum; eleven miniatures, Montpellier
Museum; Portrait of Marshal Duroc, Nancy Museum; Portraits of
Napoleon, King of Westphalia, King of Naples, Louis XVIII., Charles
X., and many contemporary persons of note.--Delestre, Gros, Vie
et Œuvres; Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 702; Ch. Blanc, École
française; Villot, Cat. Louvre; Clusman; Chesneau, Chefs d’École
(Paris, 1883); Meyer, Gesch., 109; Kunstblatt (1835), No. 71–73.
GROS, LUCIEN ALPHONSE, born at Wesserling (Alsace); contemporary.
Genre painter, pupil of Meissonier; his pictures are well-drawn and
characteristic. Medals: 1867; 2d class, 1876. Works: The Miseries of
War (1873); The Arquebusier, Fishing with a Line, Cloister of St.
Barthelemy at Nice (1874); Conspirators against Cardinal Mazarin, A
Smoker, House of a Peasant near Nice (1875); Sitting for a Portrait
(1876); Lying-in-Wait, The Critic (1878); The Blow with the Spur
(1879); Pergolese in Vernet’s Studio (1880); Two Philosophers, A
Gentleman (1881); Maurice of Nassau (1884).
GROSCLAUDE, LOUIS, born at Locle, Switzerland, Sept. 26, 1788, died
in Paris, Dec. 11, 1869. Genre painter, pupil of Regnault; widely
known through his agreeably-composed and well-coloured pictures.
Associate member of the Berlin Academy, 1827. Medals: 3d class, 1835;
2d class, 1838; 1st class, 1845; 1st class at Geneva and Brussels.
Works: The Drinkers (1827); Soap Bubbles (1833); Toast to the Vintage
of 1834 (1835); Military Salute (1837); The Little Breakfast (1838);
Fortune-Teller (1839); Three Gossips (1841); Marino Faliero (1842),
Drinker (1846), Neuchâtel Museum; Magdalen (1845), Collection of Duke
of Treviso; Norma (1845); Saint Cecilia (1848); Reading the News of
the Capture of the Malakoff, Two Little Friends (1859); Interior of
a Stable near Geneva (1864); Departure of the Enrolled (1869), Musée
Rath, Geneva.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 703.
GROSS, RICHARD, born in Munich in 1848. Portrait and figure painter;
taken to America in childhood; pupil of the National Academy schools,
New York, and studied in Munich. Bronze medal, Royal Academy,
Bavaria. Studio in Munich (1882). Works: Savant; Old Nuremberg; Lady
of Shalott; Portrait of William Chambers, Lady of the 17th century
(1879); Initial Painter (1882).
[Illustration: Bust]
GROSSE, FRANZ THEODOR, born in Dresden, April 23, 1829. History and
portrait painter, pupil of Dresden Academy under Bendemann, whom he
assisted in the decoration of the Royal Palace, and then executed
paintings in the Dresden Museum; went in 1858 to Florence, and in
1859 to Rome, where he studied Raphael. After his return he decorated
(1864–71) the Loggia of the Leipsic Museum; became professor at the
Dresden Academy in 1867. Works: Leda with the Swan (1852), Sketch
for Curtain to Royal Theatre, Dante and Virgil (1879), Allegories
in Cupola and Venetian Room (fresco, 1854), Dresden Museum; Scenes
from History of House of Solms (1856–58), Castle Wildenfels; Abraham
and the Angels (1862); Reign of Creative Power (1865–71, fresco),
Leipsic Museum; Myth of Bacchus, cycle in fresco (1877), Foyer, New
Theatre, Dresden; Science, Plato and Aristotle with their Disciples,
Cicero (1885). Frescos: Aula, St. Afra’s School, Meissen; Apollo and
Marsyas (1885).--Brockhaus, viii. 535; Illustr. Zeitg. (1872), i.
387; (1873), i. 124; Kunst-Chronik, xx. 700; xxi. 81.
GROTTGER, ARTHUR, born at Ottynowice, Galicia, Nov. 11, 1837, died
at Amélie-les-Bains, Pyrenees, Dec. 13, 1867. History, genre, and
portrait painter, pupil in Vienna of Karl Blaas; painted many
excellent portraits, and, taking up political genre, attained renown
through his able and original treatment of patriotic subjects. Works:
Meeting of John Sobieski with Leopold I. (1859); Warsaw in seven
scenes (1861); Poland in nine, and Lithuania in six pictures (1863);
In the Valley of Tears--thirteen scenes (1865).--Allgem. d. Biogr.,
ix. 784; F. M. Aren, Arth. Grottger; Brockhaus, viii. 546; Illustr.
Zeitg. (1866)--(1867)--; Wurzbach, xi. 420.
GROUX, CHARLES CORNEILLE AUGUSTE DE, born at Comines, West Flanders,
in 1825, died March 30, 1870. History and genre painter, pupil of
Brussels Academy under Navez. Medal, 1857; Order of Leopold, 1860.
Works: The Idler; Ash Wednesday; Tavern-Brawl; Last Farewell; Sick
Child; The Walk (1855); Saying Grace, Brussels Museum; Protestant
Sermon; Death of Charles V.; Citizens of Calais before Edward III.;
Pilgrimage; Alms; Doctor’s Visit; Decorations in Market Hall at Ypres.
GRUBER, FRANZ XAVER, born in Vienna, Sept. 28, 1801, died there,
April 12, 1862. Flower painter, pupil of Vienna Academy, where he
obtained four prizes, and of which he became professor in 1835. In
1839 he was made member of the Milan Academy. Works in the Museum,
the Academy, and Imperial Library, Vienna. His brother, Karl Franz
(1803–45), and his sister, Katharina (1807–59), were also able flower
painters.--Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 791; Wurzbach, v. 379.
GRUND, JOHANN, born in Vienna in 1808. History and genre painter,
pupil of Vienna Academy, where he obtained two first prizes; went
then to Munich, Düsseldorf, and Paris, lived for some time in Rome,
settled in Carlsruhe, and afterwards in Baden-Baden. Works: Child
and Guardian Angel (1835); Hungarian Tinker (1838); Bathing Girl
(1840); Flight into Egypt, Italian Robber Asleep, Italian Woman and
Child, Deborah, Carlsruhe Gallery; Roman Peasant Woman playing with
her Child (1843), Vienna Museum; Invalid; Playing Sisters; Girl
going to Nunnery; Country Parson’s Birthday; Group of three Young
Girls (1853), Medea (1855), Last Rose (1865), Fürstenberg Gallery,
Donaueschingen; Young Smokers; Margaret in Prison; Deborah; Judith;
Hagar and Ishmael; Diana; Esther; Magdalen; Rebekah at the Well
(1879); Ganymede (1885).--Müller, 220; Wurzbach, v. 398.
GRUND, NORBERT, born in Prague in 1714, died there in 1767. Genre
painter, pupil in Vienna of Ferg; travelled in Germany and Upper
Italy, and returned in 1741 to Prague, where he soon became the
favourite and the most prolific painter of his time. His numerous
excellent pictures, consisting of battle scenes, kirmesses,
pastorals, and children’s play scenes, landscapes, and marines, are
in private collections in Prague and in the castles of the Bohemian
nobility. A Rural Dance, and A Banquet in a Garden, attributed to
him, in the Dresden Gallery.--Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 34; Wurzbach, v.
397.
GRUNDMANN, OTTO, born in Dresden in 1848. Portrait and genre painter,
studied under Professor Hübner and Van Lerius, and in Dresden,
Antwerp, Düsseldorf, and Paris. In 1876 became one of the directors
of the Boston Art Museum drawing and painting schools. Medal at
Dresden. Paints chiefly interiors with figures, especially fishermen.
Works: The Lorelei; Scene from Schiller’s Kabale und Liebe; Portrait
of Rev. Dr. Waterston and of Franklin.
GRÜNENWALD, ALEXANDER, born in the Rosenau, near Coburg, March
22, 1849. Genre painter, pupil of Munich Academy under Strähuber,
Anschütz, and Diez; studied especially the Dutch masters of genre;
visited England in 1875. Works: Meeting after Boar-Hunt (1875);
End of Card Game (1876); Lansquenets at Dice (1877); Retainer
(1878).--Müller, 221.
GRÜNENWALD, JAKOB, born at Bünzwangen, Würtemberg, Sept. 30, 1821.
History and genre painter, pupil of Stuttgart Art School under
Dietrich and Neher; continued his studies in Munich, and became
professor at the art-school of Stuttgart in 1875. Works: Christ
healing the Sick; Bridal Couple at Grandmother’s; Shepherd’s Return;
Hail-Storm (1865), Stuttgart Gallery; Interrupted Wedding Procession
(1868); Return Home; German Family of 16th Century (1879); Surprised
Gypsies; Battle of Sendling (fresco, 1863), National Museum,
Munich.--Brockhaus, viii. 572; Kunst-Chronik, xiv. 78; Müller, 221.
GRÜNEWALD, MATTHIAS, born at Aschaffenburg, died there after 1520.
German school; history painter, one of the great masters, styled by
Sandrart the German Correggio, with whose works his show a striking
affinity; lived in his native town and in Mentz the greater part of
his life, but called by contemporaries Matthes von Aschaffenburg.
Works: Altar of Isenheim, Colmar Museum; St. Lawrence, St. Cyriac,
Frankfort Museum; Conversion of St. Maurice, Old Pinakothek,
Munich; Resurrection, Basle Museum (lately contested); St. Anthony,
Cologne Museum; Crucifixion, Schleissheim Gallery; Last Judgment,
Germanic Museum, Nuremberg; several (recently verified), Vienna
Museum.--Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 52; Ch. Blanc, École allemande; Dohme,
1i.; Förster, Denkmale, VIII. iii. 11; Kunstblatt (1841), 104;
(1846), 32, 48; Kunst-Chronik, xv. 633; xvi. 721; Repertorium f. K.,
i. 411; vii. 133, 245; Woltmann, D. Kunst i. Elsass, 247; W. & W.,
ii. 436; Zeitschr. f. b. K., i. 257; vi. 138; viii. 321.
GRUSS, ANTON, born at Schaab, Bohemia, in 1804, died in Vienna in
1872. History painter, pupil of Prague Academy under Kadlik; became
director of the Harrach Gallery in Vienna. Works: St. Aloysius
(1839); St. Peter and St. Paul; Madonna; St. Wenceslaus; Last
Judgment; Faith, Hope, and Love.--Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 66.
GRUSS, JOHANN, born at Schaab, Bohemia, Nov. 22, 1790, died in
Leitmeritz, Aug. 8, 1855. History painter, pupil of Prague Academy;
perfected himself by copying in the Prague and Dresden Galleries.
Works: Great Altarpiece, Stadtkirche, Reichstadt; St. Philomena; St.
Cecilia.--Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 67.
[Illustration: Bust]
GRÜTZNER, EDUARD, born at Gross Carlowitz, Silesia, May 26, 1846.
Genre painter, pupil of Munich Academy and of Piloty; devoted himself
to humourous genre, and at once attained great success with his
scenes from Shakespeare. Afterwards the amusing sides of monastic and
hunting life became his principal themes. Professor at the Munich
Academy. Gold medal, Berlin, 1872. Honorary Member of Munich Academy,
1885. Works: The Seven Arts; In the Convent Cellar; Tasting Wine;
Sleepless Night; Falstaff at the Inn (1869); Tippling Scene from
Ivanhoe; Falstaff reviewing his Recruits; Falstaff and Companions
in Woods (1870); Scene from As You Like It; Scene in the Wardrobe,
Scene from Merry Wives, Mephistopheles behind the Scene, Unmistakable
Defeat (1873); Capuchin mending his Cowl; Difficult Choice; Ekkehard
and the Cellarer; Hunter’s Cant (1874); Convent Brewery; Once and
Now (1877); Humourous Reading in Convent Library (1879); Art Amateur
in Curiosity Shop, Sunday Hunter (1880); Siesta in the Monastery,
Bright as Gold (1881); Peasant Theatre (1882); Tavern Scene (1883);
Monastic Hospitality, Silesian Tippler and the Devil (1884); The
Convent Pike, In the Liquor Shop, Game of Tarock, Faust in Auerbach’s
Cellar (1885); Abbe’s Weakness, Testing Wines, John D. Lankenau,
Philadelphia.--Brockhaus, viii. 578; Illustr. Zeitg. (1874), i. 371;
ii. 190; (1878), i. 7, 13; ii. 285; (1881), ii. 368; (1882), ii. 9,
608; (1884), i. 479; Deutsche illustr. Zeitg. (1885), i. 98; Die
Kunst für Alle, i. 75; Kunst-Chronik, v. 122; ix. 240; x. 475; xix.
486; xx. 744; Müller, 222; Zeitschr. f. b. K., viii. 121; x. 31.
[Illustration: Signature]