there, Nov. 21, 1849. Architecture painter, first instructed by
an unknown Italian, then by the landscape painter Constantin, and
afterwards by David in Paris. In 1802 he went to Rome, where he
spent the greater part of his life and painted most of his pictures.
They were chiefly interiors of churches, monasteries, etc., with
historical scenes. Returned to Paris in 1819, made custodian of the
paintings of the Louvre in 1826, and member of the Institute in 1830.
After the revolution of 1848 he retired to Aix, and bequeathed to
his native city his fortune and all his pictures to found a museum.
Medal, 1808; L. of Honour, 1819; Officer, 1833; Order of St. Michael,
1826. Works: Interior of the Coliseum (1806), The Painter Sodoma
carried to the Hospital (1815), Interior of the Basilica of St.
Francis of Assisi (1823), Ransom of Prisoners in Algiers (1831),
Portrait of Himself, Louvre, Paris; Funeral Honours to the Victims
of Fieschi’s Infernal Machine (1839), Invalides, ib.; Godfrey of
Bouillon hanging up the Trophies from Ascalon in the Church of the
Holy Sepulchre, Versailles Museum; Choir in Capuchin Monastery near
the Piazza Barbarini at Rome (1819, was repeated fifteen or more
times); replica in Buckingham Palace; St. Louis delivering French
Prisoners at Damietta (1827), Amiens Museum; Captivity of Vert-Vert
(1834), Reception of a Cardinal by Carthusian Monks in Rome (1836),
Hermits building a Chapel (1843), Eudorus the Martyr visiting the
Catacombs, Michel Nostradamus, Christians drawing a Martyr’s Corpse
from the Sewers of Rome, A Quarter of an Hour before Service,
Celebration of Mass in Reign of Terror (1847), Capuchins Writing
(1849), Burial in a Crypt, and several others, Aix Museum; Choir of
St. Scolastica at Subiaco, Reception of Jacques de Molay into the
Order of Templars (1843), Avignon Museum; Choir of Capuchin Monks of
Piazza Barbarini, Examination of Savonarola (1846), Lyons Museum;
Ruins of the Coliseum, Dijon Museum; Alchymist’s Laboratory, Stafford
House, London; Savonarola in his Cell, New Pinakothek, Munich;
Jacques Stella in Prison painting the Madonna (1810), Leuchtenberg
Gallery, St. Petersburg; Franciscan Monks at Early Mass (1818),
Hermitage, ib.; Choir of Church at Assisi, Academy, ib.; Benedictines
in the Oratory, New York Museum.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i.
688; Ch. Blanc, École française, iii.; Larousse, viii. 1453; Meyer,
Gesch., 145.
GRANGER, JEAN PÉRIN, born in Paris, May 10, 1779, died there, Dec.
1, 1840. History painter, pupil of David, and a skilful imitator of
his style. Won the grand prix de Rome in 1801. Painted chiefly Greek
and Roman mythology and history. Medals, 1812, 1817, and 1820. Works:
Ganymede (1812), Bordeaux Museum; Apollo and Cyparissus (1816),
Leipsic Museum; St. Charles Borromeo (1819), Church of St. Sulpice;
Homer and Glaucus the Shepherd (1819), Dijon Museum; Titus receiving
the Homage of the Campanians (1822), Amiens Museum; Jesus healing the
Sick (1839), Notre Dame, Paris; Marshal Boucicault forcing Bajazet to
raise the Siege of Constantinople (1840), Versailles Museum; Mercury
carrying Bacchus into Olympus, Besançon Museum; Wounded Soldier,
Nancy Museum.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 689.
[Illustration: Passage of the Granicus, Charles Lebrun, Louvre,
Paris.]
GRANICUS, PASSAGE OF THE, Charles _Lebrun_, Louvre, Paris; canvas, H.
15 ft. 5 in. × 33 ft. 9 in. Alexander, contrary to the advice of his
generals, crosses the rapid stream at the head of his cavalry, under
a shower of missiles from the Persians, who occupy the opposite bank.
He is attacked by Rœsaces and Spithridates, two Persian captains,
but, aided by Clytus, overthrows them; and the Macedonian phalanx
crossing at the ford, the Persians are put to rout (Plutarch, Alex.,
xvi.). Series of History of _Alexander_. Engraved by G. Audran
(1672).--Landon, Musée, iii. Pl. 45; Filhol, i. Pl. 5.
[Illustration: Bust]
GRANT, Sir FRANCIS, born at Kilgaston, Perthshire, Scotland, in
1804, died in London, Oct. 5, 1878. Portrait painter, relinquished
the law for art, and first became known in 1835–40 as a painter of
sporting pictures containing portraits of noted huntsmen and horses,
such as Meet of the Queen’s Stag-Hounds (1837), and The Melton Hunt
(1839), well known through engravings. Later he turned his attention
to portrait painting; in 1841 exhibited an equestrian portrait of
the Queen, and was elected an A.R.A.; in 1851 became R.A., and in
1866 succeeded Sir Charles Eastlake as P.R.A., and was knighted.
His portraits were noted for striking resemblance, elegance, and
simplicity. Among his many distinguished sitters were the Duke and
Duchess of Beaufort; Dukes of Cambridge, Roxborough, Rutland, and
Buckingham; Duchess of Sutherland; Earls of Derby, Fife, and Elgin;
Lords Palmerston, Herbert, and Stanley; Sir Colin Campbell, General
J. Sir Hope Grant (his brother), Disraeli, Landseer, Macaulay, and
Lockhart.--Ottley; Art Journal (1878), 232.
GRAN VASCO. See _Fernandez_ Vasco.
GRANVELLA, NICHOLAS, portrait, _Titian_, Besançon Museum; canvas,
figure to hips, large as life. The Chancellor, in state dress, with
white beard falling to his chest; the chain of the Golden Fleece
round his neck. Painted in Augsburg in 1548.--C. & C., Titian, ii.
183.
GRASHOF, OTTO, born at Prenzlau, Brandenburg, in 1812, died in
Cologne, April 23, 1876. German school; history, genre, portrait,
and animal painter, pupil of Düsseldorf Academy under Schadow; spent
several years in Russia, visited Mexico, and the La Plata States
in South America, and settled in 1845 at Cologne. He became blind
in 1861. Works: Recha’s Salvation (1834); The Cid (1835); Guardian
Angel (1845); Christ and Samaritan Woman (1846); Presenting the
Sword, Wolves by Dead Horse (1847); Battle of Shumla, Vanguard of
Lesgians (1848); Russian Bear Hunt; St. Wassily; Russian Pilgrims;
Odalisque; Horses in Flight; Russian Invalid; Halt of Georgians; Till
Eulenspiegel; Fight between Circassian and Russian; St. William;
Scene from Nathan the Wise; Portrait of Franz Liszt. Many dog and
horse portraits.--Kunst-Chronik, xi. 514.
GRASS, KARL GOTTHARD, born at Serben, Livonia, Oct. 8 (19), 1767,
died in Rome, Aug. 4, 1814. Landscape painter, pupil in Zürich
of Ludwig Hess, visited Paris in 1801 and with Rehfues went to
Italy in 1803, where he spent considerable time in Sicily. Works:
Spring Morning in Valley San Angelo di Brolo; Concordia Temple near
Girgenti; Falls of Carcacci under Mt. Etna; Idyl after Theocritus;
Two views of Mt. Etna (1811).--Brockhaus, viii. 303; Tielemann, Karl
Grass (Riga, 1818).
GRASSHOPPER AND ANT (Cigale et la Fourmi), Jehan Georges _Vibert_,
Comte de Camondo, Paris. Illustration of La Fontaine, Fables, i. 1.
Salon, 1875.
GRASSI, JOSEF, born in Vienna, April 22, 1757, died in Dresden,
Jan. 7, 1838. German school; portrait and history painter, pupil
of Vienna Academy; was in Warsaw during the revolution of 1793,
and underwent great perils, but escaped by the aid of Kosciuszko.
Went by invitation of the Duke of Courland to Sagan, and thence to
Dresden, where in 1799 he became professor at the Academy. In 1816–21
was in Rome as director of the Saxon art pensionaries. Distinguished
and decorated by the King of Saxony and the Duke of Gotha; also
member of several Academies. Works: St. John Baptist, St. Peter,
Dresden Gallery; The Arcadians, Callisto asleep, St. Ann instructing
the Virgin, Female Figure walking, Fairy on Chariot, Portrait of Duke
Frederic IV. of Saxe-Gotha, do. of Minister von Lindenau (1814), and
copies after Albani, Correggio, and Raphael, Gotha Gallery.--Allgem.
d. Biogr., ix. 592; Wurzbach, v. 314.
GRATELLA. See _Filippi_, Sebastiano.
[Illustration: Bust]
GRAY, HENRY PETERS, born in New York, June 23, 1819, died there, Nov.
12, 1877. Portrait and genre painter, pupil of Huntington. Visited
Europe in 1840, studied in Rome and Venice; went abroad again in
1846, and to Florence in 1871, remaining four years. Elected N.A. in
1842, President of National Academy from 1869 to 1871. Works: Pride
of the Village, R. M. Olyphant; Wages of War, Metropolitan Museum,
New York; Portrait of William Cullen Bryant, Historical Society, ib.;
Cupid begging his Arrow, Pennsylvania Academy, Philadelphia; Judgment
of Paris, Corcoran Gallery, Washington; Twilight Musings; Blessed
are the Pure in Heart; Truth; Ophelia; Normandy Girl; Jessica or the
Pride of the Rialto; Model from Cadore; Immortality of the Soul,
Edwin Hoyt; Birth of our Flag (1875); Flower of Fiesole, Just Fifteen
(1875), M. O. Roberts, New York; Apple of Discord (1876).--Tuckerman,
442.
GRAYSON, CLIFFORD PREVOST, born in Philadelphia in 1857. Genre
painter, pupil of Pennsylvania Academy and in Paris of Gérôme. Works:
Breton Idyl (1881); Going to Market (1882); Un fichu temps (1883);
Ohe, le canot! (1884); Fisher-chilren at Concarneau (1885).--Art
Journal (1884), 222.
GRAZIANI, ERCOLE, born at Bologna in 1688, died in 1765. Bolognese
school. History painter, pupil of Donato Creti (1671–1749, a
coronation of Charles V., by whom is in the Bologna Gallery), whom
he surpassed in both design and colouring; painted a great number of
pictures for public buildings at Bologna and Piacenza, and especially
for the churches of Bologna. Works: St. Peter consecrating St.
Apollinaris amidst an Assembly of Early Christians, Bologna; Marriage
of St. Catherine, St. Ann teaching the Virgin to read, S. Bartolommeo
di Reno, ib.; Ascension, Chiesa della Purità, ib.; Annunciation,
Madonna delle Rondini, ib.; replica of first-named, and Baptism of
Christ, Sant’Apollinare, Rome.
GREATOREX, ELIZA, born at Manor-Hamilton, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1820.
Landscape painter; settled in New York in 1839. Pupil of Émile
Lambinet in Paris, in 1861; earlier helped by the criticisms
of Cafferty, W. W. Wotherspoon, and James M. Hart. Has visited
Europe repeatedly. Elected an A.N.A. in 1868. Studio in New York.
Works: Road Scene in Connecticut; Old House in Bloomingdale;
Joy Bridge--Peltigor, Ireland; Amsterdam; Fort Hamilton--Long
Island; Bay Ridge; Normandy Cottage (1881); Fontainebleau Forest,
Cressonières-Veules en Caux (1882); Laurel Run--Virginia; Louis
Philippe House in 1868--Bloomingdale, M. de Mendonça; Somerendyke
Lake--Bloomingdale (1884). Kate and Eleanor, daughters of Mrs.
Greatorex, also paint and exhibit at the National Academy; they have
studied abroad and under their mother, whose studio they share. Miss
Kate Greatorex has exhibited: Last Bit of Autumn (1875); Goethe’s
Fountain--Frankfort (1876); Thistles (1877); Algerian Messenger Boy
(1882); Hollyhocks (1883). From Yuba’s Kitchen--Ober Ammergau, was
exhibited by Miss E. Greatorex in 1876, and The Bath in 1884.--Am.
Art Rev. (1881), 12.
GREBBER, FRANS PIETERSZ DE, born at Haarlem in 1570 or 1579 (?), died
there in 1649. Dutch school; history and portrait painter, pupil of
Jacques Savery. Dean of the guild at Haarlem in 1627. Works: Four
Banquets of City Guard Officers (1600, 1610, 1619), Haarlem Museum;
Lot and his Daughters (?), Schwerin Gallery.--Allgem. d. Biogr., ix.
618; Schlie, 220; Van der Willigen, 135.
[Illustration: Initials and signature]
GREBBER, PIETER DE, born at Haarlem in 1600, died after 1665. Dutch
school; history and portrait painter, son and pupil of Frans Pietersz
and scholar of H. Goltzius. His pictures recall Rubens and Lastmann.
Works: The Shepherds (1628), Works of Charity (1628), Barbarossa and
the Patriarch of Haarlem (1630), Hippocrates refusing the Presents
of Artaxerxes (1637), Haarlem Museum; The Apostles giving Alms to
the Poor, Oudemannenhuys, Haarlem; Jacob receiving from his Sons the
Bloody Garment of Joseph, City Hall, Haarlem; Portraits (3), Moses
in the Bulrushes (1634), Dresden Museum; Heraclitus and Democritus,
Oldenburg Gallery.--Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 618; Van der Willigen,
137; Rembrandt, ses Précurseurs, etc., 76.
GRECHETTO, IL. See _Castiglione_, Giovanni Benedetto.
[Illustration: Bust]
GRECO, EL, born in Greece (or in Venice of Greek parents?) about
1548, died in Toledo in 1625. Spanish school; Real name Domenico
Theotocopuli (Teoscopoli); surnamed in Venice, where he studied
under Titian, Il Greco (The Greek). Settled at Toledo about 1577,
and became known by an altarpiece, Parting of Christ’s Raiment, in
the sacristy of the cathedral, quite in Titian’s style. Called to
Madrid to paint at the Escorial by Philip II. His best work is the
Burial of the Count of Orgaz, S. Tomé, Toledo. Later he adopted a
grayish style of colouring, and greatly deteriorated. He left some
good portraits. Works: Dead Christ in the Arms of God the Father, St.
Paul, Crucifixion, Annunciation, Holy Family, Baptism of Christ, Male
Portraits (8), Madrid Museum.--Stirling, i. 276; Viardot, 107; Ch.
Blanc, École espagnole.
[Illustration: Greengrocer, Gerard Dou, Louvre, Paris.]
GREENGROCER, Gerard _Dou_, Louvre, Paris; wood, H. 1 ft. 3 in. × 9
in.; signed, dated 1647. At right, a woman, the greengrocer, standing
behind a table holding balances in her hand; on other side of table,
an old woman counting money; a young servant with a wooden pail, and
a boy carrying a vase. The whole is seen through a window, on the
sill of which are vegetables and a jug. Beunengen sale, Amsterdam
(1716), 1,200 florins; Backer sale, Leyden (1766), 7,150 florins;
Randon de Boisset sale (1777), 15,500 livres; Comte de Vaudreuil sale
(1784), 16,901 livres; Duc de Praslin sale (1793), 34,850 livres.
Engraved by Dambrun.--Filhol, v. Pl. 356.
GREENHILL, JOHN, born at Salisbury in 1649, died in London, May 19,
1676. Pupil of Sir Peter Lely, whose style he imitated both in oil
and crayons. Left a few fine portraits, but dissolute habits injured
his reputation. Died suddenly by an accidental fall in Long Acre.
Works: Bishop Seth Ward, Town Hall, Salisbury; Charles II., Earl of
Shaftesbury, National Portrait Gallery, London.--Redgrave; F. de
Conches, 60.
GREFE, KONRAD, born in Vienna, Sept. 7, 1823. Landscape painter,
pupil of Schindler, then of Vienna Academy under Mössmer and
Gsellhofer, but studied chiefly from nature; devoted himself for
several years to etching, and since 1855 has painted in water-colours
the mediæval churches of Austria. Works: Woodland in Fog, Sunset
(1852); Ruin in Park of Schönbrunn, View near the Schneeberg
(1853); Ruins near Hainburg, Evening Landscape (1855); Old Jewish
Cemetery at Prague (1856); Deserted Mill (1858); Storm Landscape
(1859).--Wurzbach, v. 321.
[Illustration: Bust]
GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN, born at Southampton in 1850. Portrait and
landscape painter, pupil of Southampton and South Kensington Art
Schools. Elected member of Institute of Painters in Water Colours,
where he exhibited his St. George in 1876. First exhibited at
Royal Academy in 1875; elected an A.R.A. in 1883. Visited Italy
in 1882. Works: Portrait of Duncan McLaren, M.P. (1877); Portrait
of Rev. Thomas Stevens (1879); The Signal, A Rehearsal (1882);
Piccadilly--Drawing-Room Day, Grand Canal--Venice, Boat-Builder’s
Yard--Venice, Gates of Arsenal--Venice, Cà d’Oro--Venice (1883);
Startled, Fishing in Marlow Backwater (1884).--Art Journal (1883),
95; Portfolio (1878), 161; Mag. of Art (1884), 353.
GREGORY PROMULGATING THE DECRETALS, _Raphael_, Camera della
Segnatura, Vatican; fresco, right of window. Pope Gregory IX.
(portrait of Julius II.) seated, blessing the Decretals, which he
hands to a kneeling jurist of the Consistory; among the prelates
around him are Giovanni de’ Medici (Leo X.), Alessandro Farnese
(Paul III.), and Antonio del Monte. Illustrates the consecration of
Canon Law; companion piece to _Justinian_ promulgating the Pandects.
Painted in 1511. Engraved by Fr. Aquila; Giangiacomo.--Passavant, ii.
87; Müntz, 345; Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 337.
[Illustration: Miracle of St. Gregory, Andrea Sacchi, Vatican.]
GREGORY, ST., MIRACLE OF, Andrea _Sacchi_, Vatican; figures
life-size. Some ambassadors desiring to carry certain relics into
their country were given by Gregory the Great a vase containing
cloths which had touched the bodies of saints. They having expressed
dissatisfaction at the gift, Gregory took one of the cloths, and,
piercing it, showed them, to their astonishment, drops of blood
falling from it. Carried to Paris in 1799; returned in 1815.--Landon,
Musée, 2d Col., ii. Pl. 41.
GREGORY, ST., SUPPER OF, Giorgio _Vasari_, Bologna Gallery; wood,
H. 12 ft. 2 in. × 8 ft. 4 in.; signed, dated 1540. Pope Gregory I.
(the Great) always had twelve poor men to sup with him; but one night
he saw thirteen at the table, though his steward could count but
twelve, and he believed the odd one to be Christ himself. The picture
represents this scene. Formerly in refectory of monastery of S.
Michele in Bosco. Engraved by G. Tomba.--Pinac. di Bologna, Pl. 19;
Vasari, ed. Mil., vii. 664.
GREIL, ALOIS, born at Linz, Upper Austria, in 1841. Genre painter
and illustrator, pupil of Vienna Academy under Christian Ruben;
lived alternately in Southern Germany and Upper Austria, and in 1873
settled in Vienna. His water-colours fetch high prices, and are to
be found in many private galleries. Works: Imperial Huszars marching
through Suabian Country Town (1880); School Examination (1882);
Knight Drama (1883).--Neue illustr. Zeitg. (1881), i. 27; (1882), i.
8, 14; (1883), i. 3.
GRENIER DE SAINT MARTIN, FRANÇOIS (Francisque Martin Grenier), born
in Paris, July 22, 1793, died there, Dec. 21, 1867. History and genre
painter, pupil of Pierre Guérin, of David, and of the École des
Beaux Arts. He was a skilful genre painter, and several of his works
have been engraved. Medals: 2d class, 1810: 1st class, 1834; L. of
Honour, 1841. Works: Atala Dying (1810); St. Geneviève allaying a
Storm (1822, 1827); Sentinel by a Gabion (1822), Montpellier Museum;
Battle of Campillo de Arenas (1823); Surrender of Ulm (1831); Little
Peasants surprised by a Wolf (1833), Nantes Museum; Little Thieves
arrested by a Gamekeeper, Old Vagabond (1834); Marriage Proposals
(1836); Battle of Muga (1838), Incident in Battle of Austerlitz
(1840), Versailles Museum; Stolen Child (1841), Rodez Museum;
Napoleon’s Farewell to his Son (1844); Smuggler (1848); Poacher
asleep in his Hiding-Place (1855); Rabbit Hunt (1857), Marseilles
Museum; Country Doctor (1859); A Discovery (1863); Young Mother
(1864); The Brook (1865). His sons, Henri Gustave and Théophile Yves
René, were also painters.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 693; Meyer,
Gesch., 158.
GRETCHEN. See _Marguerite_.
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signature]
GREUZE, JEAN BAPTISTE, born at Tournus (Saône-et-Loire), Aug. 21,
1725, died in Paris, March 21, 1805. French school; genre and
portrait painter, pupil in Lyons of Grandon, and in Paris of the
Academy in 1755. His picture of the Father reading the Bible to his
Children was exhibited and greatly admired in the same year, at the
close of which he was taken to Italy by the Abbé Goujenot. After
his return he exhibited at the Salons of 1757, 1759, and 1761, at
which latter his Accordée du Village (Louvre) excited the greatest
enthusiasm. Angry at being received into the Academy (1767) as a
genre and not as a history painter, Greuze retired for a time to
Anjou, whence he returned to exhibit pictures in his studio which
attracted all Paris. He amassed a large fortune, but lost it at the
Revolution. Neglected by the public, which admired only the new
school of David, Greuze passed his last years in misery and regret.
His wife, Mlle. Babuty, whose charming face appears in so many of his
pictures, was an extravagant and worthless woman, from whom he was
separated long before his death. Works: Septimius Severus reproaching
Caracalla (1769), _Village_ Bride (1761), _Broken_ Pitcher, Father’s
Curse, Punished Son, Portrait of Greuze (1761), Portrait of the
Painter Jeaurat (1769), two studies of Young Girls, Head of Young
Girl, do. of Young Man, Danaë, Artist’s and two other portraits,
Louvre, Paris; Pelotonneuse, Inconsolable Widow, Female Portrait,
two Children’s Heads, Duc de Morny, ib.; Return from Tavern, Little
Lazy One, Madeleine, and others, Baron Rothschild, ib.; Triumph of
Galatea, Study of a Child, Aix Museum; Lady with Spaniel, Angers
Museum; Boy’s Portrait, Girl’s Head, Besançon Museum; Male Portrait,
Cherbourg Museum; Psyche crowning Love, Lille Museum; Artist’s
Portrait, Lyons Museum; Male Portrait, Marseilles Museum; Danaë,
Bacchante, Boy’s Bust, Male Portrait, Metz Museum; Morning Prayer,
Twelfth Cake (1774), Little Mathematician, The Paralytic, Idle Child
(1755), six studies of Girls, Montpellier Museum; Portraits of M. de
St. Maurice and Son, Nantes Museum; Girl’s Head, Narbonne Museum;
Old Woman’s Head, Nîmes Museum; Male Portrait (1776), Troyes Museum;
Napoleon as Consul, Portrait of Fontenelle (1793), Versailles Museum;
Old Woman with Crutch, Madrid Museum; Girl with Apple, two studies of
Girls, National Gallery, London; La Trompette, two studies of Girls,
Buckingham Palace, ib.; Innocence, Portrait of Artist’s Mother, South
Kensington Museum, ib.; Innocence, Girl with Doves, Reflections,
Sir R. Wallace, ib.; Throwing a _Kiss_, Young Girl with Watch,
The Letter, Baron Alfred de Rothschild, ib.; Portraits of Madame
de Pompadour and of Louis XVI., Hampton Court Palace; Beggar Boy,
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge; Interior of Peasant Cottage, Girl with
Dead Canary, Boy with Lesson Book, two studies of Girls, National
Gallery, Edinburgh; Child’s Head, Sulky Boy, Glasgow Gallery;
Young Woman and Child, Rotterdam Museum; Portrait of Louis XVI.,
Carlsruhe Gallery; Emperor Caracalla, Gotha Museum; Young Girl, Old
Pinakothek, Munich; do. (1787), Berlin Museum; do., Leipsic Museum;
Father reading the Bible to his Children (1755), Dresden Museum;
Paralytic with his Children, Young Girl, Boy with School-book,
Male Portrait, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Girl with Doll, Academy,
ib.; nine pictures in Leuchtenberg Gallery, ib.; Five Studies of
Heads, Academy, Vienna; Others in Liechtenstein Gallery, ib.;
Contemplation, Accademia San Luca, Rome; Study for Head in Father’s
Curse, Museum, New York; Nymph of Diana, Portrait of Louis XVII.,
do. of Duc de Choiseul, Replica of L’Aveugle trompé, Virginie, two
Female Heads, Historical Society, ib. Nearly all of his works have
been engraved.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 695; Ch. Blanc, École
française; Dohme; Gautier, Guide au Louvre, 184; Gaz. des B. Arts
(1860), vii. 349; viii. 195, 236; (1862), xiii. 401, 512; (1870),
iv. 277; (1874), x. 193; (1877), xvi. 201; Goncourt, L’art du XVIII.
Siècle, i. 291; Houssaye, Gal. du XVIII. Siècle, iv. 161; Jal, 658;
Meyer, Gesch., 7; Renouvier, Hist. de l’art pendant la Revol., etc.
(Paris, 1863); Wurzbach, Fr. Maler des XVIII. Jahrh., 35; Zeitschr.
f. b. K., xx. 251.
[Illustration: Initials]
GRÉVEDON, (PIERRE LOUIS) called HENRI, born in Paris, Oct. 17, 1776,
died there, June 1, 1860. Portrait painter and lithographer, pupil
of Regnault. After exhibiting (1804) a picture of Achilles landing
on the Shores of Troy, for which he received a first-class medal,
he spent several years in St. Petersburg, where he painted many
flattered portraits, and was made Member of the Academy. In 1812 he
went to Stockholm, then painted portraits in England, and after his
return to France in 1816 became popular as a lithographer. Medals:
2d class, 1824; 1st class, 1831; L. of Honour, 1832.--Bellier de la
Chavignerie, i. 697.
GREVEN, ANTON, born in Cologne in 1810, died there in 1838. Portrait
and genre painter, studied in Düsseldorf and Munich. Works: Drinking
Monks; Coffee-Drinkers; Knight and his Sweetheart; Count Eberhard the
Rauschebart, The Toper (1834).
GREY, LADY JANE, EXECUTION OF, Paul _Delaroche_, H. W. Eaton, M.
P., London; canvas. Beheading of Lady Jane Grey in the Tower of
London, February 12, 1554. She is kneeling upon the scaffold beside
the block, her eyes bandaged, her hands extended, while a priest
encircles her form with his arm and whispers consolation; at right,
the executioner, standing, holding his axe; at left, two women
overwhelmed with grief. Painted in 1834. Bought at San Donato sale
(1868), 110,000 francs. Engraved by P. Mercury.--L’Illustration
(1870), i. 100.
GRIEF. See _Gryeff_.
GRIEN or GRÜN. See _Baldung_.
GRIEPENKERL, CHRISTIAN, born at Oldenburg, March 17, 1839. History
and portrait painter, pupil in Vienna of Rahl; a masterly colourist,
with a predominant fancy for allegories; executed decorations in
the Vienna Opera House with Bitterlich after Rahl’s compositions,
then in 1878 in the Augusteum at Oldenburg, afterwards in the
Academy of Science at Athens, and in the new Houses of Parliament in
Vienna. Professor at Vienna Academy since 1875. Works: Œdipus led
by Antigone, Scenes from Anacreon, Baron Todesco, Vienna; Myth of
Orpheus, Opera House, ib.; Coronation of Esther, Sentence of Haman,
Palais Ephrussi, ib.; Poseidon’s Wedding Procession, Demons of Storm,
Guardian Spirits of the Sea, Baron Sina, Venice; Wedding of Aphrodite
and Adonis, Villa Simon, Hietzing, near Vienna; Venus Urania, Genii
of Truth and Fancy, Myth of Prometheus, Allegorical Figures of
Plastic Art (1878), Augusteum, Oldenburg; Myth of Prometheus, Academy
of Science, Athens; thirteen pictures from Antique Mythology and
History, House of Lords, Vienna.--Brockhaus, viii. 417; Illustr.
Zeitg. (1865); Kunst-Chronik, i.-iv.; xx. 755; Müller, 217.
[Illustration: Two signatures]