obvious. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 23; Othello, ii. 1. 241. OF. _preignant_,
pressing, pp. of _preindre_, L. _premere_, to press; cp. _preignantes
raisons_ (Godefroy, Compl.).
=pregnant,= receptive, fertile, imaginative. Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 101;
ready, ‘The pregnant Hinges of the knee’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 66; phr. _a
pregnant wit_, Heywood, Maidenhead Lost, i. F. _prégnant_ (Rabelais), L.
_praegnans_.
=prepense,= to consider beforehand, to premeditate. Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 2; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 14. See
=purpense.=
=presence:= phr. _in presence_, present; often, in reference to
ceremonial attendance upon a person of superior, esp. royal, rank,
Barclay, Cyt. and Uplondyshman (Percy Soc. 13); Richard II, iv. 1. 62; a
place prepared for ceremonial presence or attendance, a
presence-chamber, ‘The two great Cardinals Wait in the presence’, Hen.
VIII, iii. 1. 17; _chamber of presence_, Bacon, Essay 45. Evelyn, Diary,
Dec. 5, 1643.
=presently,= immediately. Temp. iv. 42; v. 101; Two Gent. ii. 1. 30; ii.
4. 86; BIBLE, 1 Sam. ii. 16; Matt. xxvi. 53. See Bible Word-Book. Cp. F.
‘_presentement_, presently, quickly, anon, at an instant, speedily,
suddenly’ (Cotgr.).
=president,= a precedent. Bacon, Essay, Of Great Place; Of Innovations;
Of Judicature.
=press,= press-money, i.e. prest-money, as paid to an impressed soldier.
Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, i. 2 (Marcellius).
=prest,= ready. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 160; Marl., 2 Tamburlaine, i. 1
(Orcanes); Dido, iii. 2. 22. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _prest_
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 917). F. ‘_prest_, prest, ready, full-dight;
prompt; quick’ (Cotgr.); now written _prêt_.
=Prester John,= the name given in the Middle Ages to an alleged
Christian priest and king originally supposed to reign in the extreme
East, beyond Persia and Armenia; but from the 15th cent. generally
identified with the King of Ethiopia or Abyssinia (NED.). ‘I will fetch
you a tooth-picker now from the farthest inch of Asia; bring you the
length of Prester John’s foot’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 276; Dekker, Old
Fortunatus, ii. 1 (near end); ‘The great Christian of Æthiopia, vulgarly
called Prester, Precious or Priest-John’, Sir T. Herbert, Travels, 130.
For the history of the subject see Col. Yule’s article in Encycl. Brit.
xix. 715. See Stanford.
=prestigiatory,= relating to ‘prestigiation’, juggling, deceptive,
delusive; ‘The art prestigiatory’, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7; ii. 3.
=prestigious,= practising juggling or legerdemain, deceptive, illusory;
‘That inchantresse . . . by prestigious trickes in sorcerie’, Dekker,
Whore of Babylon (Wks. 173, ii. 195); ‘Prestigious guiles’, Heywood,
Dial. 18 (Minerva), vi. 250. Late L. _praestigiosus_, full of deceitful
tricks; _praestigium_, an illusion, _praestigiae_, juggler’s tricks; cp.
F. _prestiges_, ‘deceits, impostures, juggling tricks’ (Cotgr.). See
Dict. (s.v. Prestige).
=pretence, pretense,= an assertion of a right; a claim; ‘Spirits that in
our just pretenses arm’d Fell with us’, Milton, P. L. ii. 825; an
expressed aim, intention, purpose or design, Two Gent. iii. 1. 47;
Winter’s Tale, iii. 2. 18.
=pretenced, pretensed,= intended, purposed, designed. More’s Utopia (ed.
Lumby, 8). Late L. _praetensus_, for _praetentus_, pp. of _praetendere_.
=pretend,= to stretch something over a person for defence; ‘Who . . .
his target alwayes over her pretended’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 19; to
put forward, set forth, ‘To that wench I pretend honest love’,
Middleton, Changeling, iv. 2. 91. L. _praetendere_, to stretch forth.
=pretor,= one holding high civil office, a name for the Lord Mayor of
London. Westward Ho, i. 1 (Justiniano); Webster, Monuments of Honour, §
1. Med. L. _praetor_, ‘urbis praefectus’ (Ducange); ‘Meyr, _maior_,
_pretor_’ (Prompt. EETS. 284); cp. Cath. Angl. 225.
=prevent,= to anticipate. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 61; Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 94;
BIBLE, Ps. xviii. 5; cxix. 148; 1 Thess. iv. 15, &c. See Bible
Word-Book.
=preving, preeving,= proving, trial. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1366. See
=prieve.=
=prick,= to spur; hence, to ride. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 1; _prickant_,
riding along, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Ralph).
=prick,= the pin, or peg originally fixed in the very centre of the
_white_, or circular mark upon the butt shot at by archers. Also called
the _pin_, or _clout_. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 99; _at the prickes_,
beside the butts, id., p. 98.
=prick,= the highest point, apex, acme; ‘To pricke of highest praise’,
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 1; ‘The hygh prycke of vertue’, Udall, Erasmus,
Paraph. Matt. iii. 30; phr. _prick and praise_, very high praise,
Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Mrs. G.); ‘She had the prick and
praise for a prettie wench’, London Prodigal, iv. 1. 15.
=prick-eared,= having sharply pointed, erect ears; _prycke-eared_,
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 77; Hen. V, ii. 1. 44.
=pricket,= a buck in his second year, having straight unbranched horns.
L. L. L. iv. 2. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5
(Ralph). ME. _pryket_, ‘capriolus’ (Prompt. EETS. 316; see notes, no.
1681).
=prickle,= a wicker basket, for fruit or flowers. B. Jonson, Pan’s
Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 3). In Kent used for a basket of a certain
measure (EDD.). See NED.
=prick-me-dainty,= finical in language and behaviour. Udall, Roister
Doister, ii. 3 (Trupeny). Still in use in Scotland (EDD.).
=prick-song,= music written down or sung from notes. Romeo, ii. 4. 21;
Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41. ‘The nightingale’s song, being more regularly
musical than any other, was called _pricksong_’ (Nares). ‘Prick-song’
used to mean counterpoint as distinguished from ‘plain-song’, mere
melody.
=priefe, preife,= proof, trial. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 48; Mother
Hubberd, 408. _Priefe_ = F. _preuve_, as _people_ (pron. _peeple_) = F.
_peuple_.
=prieve,= to prove. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 33; vi. 12. 18. _Prieve_ = OF.
_prueve_ (_preuve_); L. _próbat_, with the stress on the stem-syllable,
whereas _prove_ = F. _prouver_ (OF. _prover_) = L. _probáre_.
=prig a prancer,= to steal a horse (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2
(Higgen); Audeley, Vagabonds, p. 4; Harman, Caveat, pp. 42, 43, 84. See
Dict. (s.v. Prig, 1).
=prima-vista,= an old game at cards, resembling primero, and sometimes
identified with it. _Primviste_, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 13 (ed.
Arber, p. 33); ‘_Prima_ . . . a game at cardes, called Prime, Primero,
or Primavista’ (Florio). Ital. _prima vista_, ‘first seen, because he
that can first show such an order of cards wins the game’ (Minsheu).
=primum mobile,= the ‘First Movement’, in the Ptolemaic system of
astronomy, the outer sphere (of a system of spheres), which turns round
from east to west once in 24 hours, carrying all the inner spheres with
it. Bacon, Essay 15, § 4; Essay 51 (end). In Dante the Primum Mobile is
called the Crystalline Heaven (‘Cielo Cristallino’), see Paget Toynbee’s
Dante Dictionary.
=princox,= a pert saucy boy or youth, a conceited young fellow, Romeo,
i. 588. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Princock).
=prink,= to set off, show off, trim; ‘To prink and prank, _exorno_’,
Coles, 1699. _Prinke it_, to show off, Gascoigne, Complaint of
Philomene, st. 21, p. 93.
=print:= phr. _in print_, to the letter, exactly. L. L. L. iii. 173;
‘Gallant in print’ (i.e. a complete gallant), B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of
Humour, ii. 2 (Fallace). In prov. use in E. Anglia, Oxf., Sussex, see
EDD. (s.v. Print, 3).
=prise, pryse,= the note blown at the death of a hunted beast; ‘Thenne
kynge Arthur blewe the pryse’, Morte Arthur, leaf 63. 25; bk. iv, c. 6.
F. ‘_prise_, the death or fall of a hunted beast’ (Cotgr.).
=privado,= a favourite, intimate friend. Bacon, Essay 27, § 3. Span.
_privado_, a favourite (Stevens); Port. _privado_, ‘favori, homme en
faveur auprès d’un prince’ (Roquette). Med. L. _privatus_, ‘familiaris,
amicus’ (Ducange).
=private,= private interest. B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 2 (last speech).
=prize,= a contest, a match, a public athletic contest. Merch. Ven. iii.
2. 142; a fencing contest, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 2
(Prentices); a turn in a match, ib., v. 2 (Infelice); phr. _to play a
prize_, to engage in a public contest, to play one’s part, Beaumont and
Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, v. 2 (Lieutenant); Massinger, New Way to Pay, iv.
2 (end); Titus Andron. i. 1. 399; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 1. Hence
_Prizer_, one who fights in a ‘prize’ or match, As You Like It, ii. 3.
8. F. ‘_prise_, a hold in wrestling; _estre aux prises_, to wrestle or
strive with one another’ (Cotgr.).
=prize,= to offer as the price; to risk, stake venture. Greene, Friar
Bacon, iv. 3 (1784); scene 13. 41 (W.); p. 175, col. 1 (D.); to pay a
price for, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 5.
=proake,= to ask. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 4; ‘To proke,
_procare_’, Levins, Manip.
=proceed,= to advance, in one’s University course, from graduation as
B.A. to some higher degree; ‘He proceaded Bachelour of Divinitye in the
sayde Universitye of Cambridge’, Foxe, Bk. of Martyrs, 1297; Middleton,
A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim).
=prochinge,= approaching. Sackville, Induction, line 1. Cp. Sc.
_prochy-madame_ (_Prush-madam!_), a call to cows, Ramsey, Remin. = F.
_approchez, Madame!_, see EDD. (s.v. Proochy).
=procinct,= readiness, preparation; ‘Procinct of war’, Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, xii. 89. L. _procintus_, readiness for action.
=prodigious,= portentous, horrible. Mids. Night’s D. v. 419; King John,
iii. 1. 46.
=proface,= much good may it do you. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30; Chapman,
Widow’s Tears, iv. 2 (Lysander). OF. _prouface_, ‘souhait qui veut dire,
bien vous fasse’ (Roquefort); _prou_, advantage + _fasse_ (L. _faciat_),
may it do. See Nares.
=profligate,= routed. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 728. L. _profligare_, to strike
down, overthrow.
=profound,= to fathom, to get to the bottom of. Sir T. Browne, Rel.
Med., pt. 1, § 13.
=prog,= to search about, esp. for food; ‘Man digs . . . He never rests
. . . He mines and progs, though in the fangs of death’, Quarles, Job
xiv. 60; ‘Each in his way doth incessantly prog for joy’, Barrow,
Sermon, Rejoice evermore; ‘We need not cark or prog’, id. In prov. use
in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Prog, vb. 2).
=progress,= the travel of the sovereign and court to visit different
parts of his dominions. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 9;
Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). _Progress-block_, a block for a new
fashion of hats, to be used on a progress, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at
several Weapons, iv. 1.
=proin, proyne= (of a bird), to preen, prune, to trim or dress the
feathers with the beak. B. Jonson, Underwood, Celebr. Charis, v;
Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 59, p. 98. Spelt _prune_,
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 36; Cymb. v. 4. 118; 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 98. ME.
_proynen_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 2011). OF. _poroign-_, pres. pt. stem of
_poroindre_, to trim feathers (Godefroy), L. _pro_ + _ungere_, to
anoint.
=proine, proyne,= to prune trees. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 458; Bacon,
Essay 50; Drayton, Pol. iii. 358; Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 292;
Homilies 1, Falling fr. God (NED.); Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1. Norm.
F. _progner_ (Moisy), OF. _proignier_, to prune (Godefroy), Romanic
type, _protundiare_, deriv. of L. _rotundus_, round. Cp. F. _rogner des
branches, des racines_, ‘couper tout autour’ (Hatzfeld). See =royne.=
=project,= to set forth, exhibit. Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 121; to presage,
‘When the south projects a stormy day’, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. i.
622.
=projection,= the application of ‘the elixir’ to the metal which is to
be transmuted into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Mammon).
=proller,= a prowler, wandering beggar. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi.
490.
=promont,= a headland. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero);
Drayton, Pol. iv. 7. 1.
=promoter,= a professional accuser, a common informer; ‘Enter two
promoters’, Middleton, A Chaste Girl, ii. 2; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I,
v. 2 (1 Madman); Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 11. See Cowell’s Interpreter.
=prompture,= prompting, instigation. Meas. for M. ii. 4. 178.
=prone,= a sermon delivered in commemoration of a founder or benefactor;
‘The founder . . . used to be commemorated in some Prone’, T. Hearne,
Remains (ed. Bliss, 655); ‘All founders and benefactors were duly and
constantly commemorated in their Prones’, id., 754. F. ‘_prone_, notice
given by a Priest unto his Parishioners . . . of the holy days, of Banes
of Matrimony, of such as desire to be relieved or prayed for, &c.’
(Cotgr.).
=proof,= proof-armour, strong defensive armour. Beaumont and Fl.,
Chances, i. 10 (Fred.). _Proof-arm_, to put on armour of proof, Hum.
Lieutenant, ii. 3 (Leucippe).
=proper,= handsome, fine. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 144; Much Ado, i. 3. 54; 1
Hen. VI, v. 3. 37; ‘He was a proper childe’, BIBLE, Heb. xi. 23 (=
‘elegantem infantem’, Vulgate). Very common in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v.
Proper, 5).
=proper,= belonging exclusively to one, peculiar to one, Meas. for M. i.
1. 30; v. 1. 111; Shirley, Arcadia, iii. 1 (3 Rebel).
=properties,= rude paintings for scenery, or stage appliances. Shirley,
Bird in a Cage, iii. 2 (Carlo); dresses for the actors, id., iv. 2
(Donella).
=property,= an implement, tool for a purpose. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 10;
Jul. Caesar, iv. 1. 40; to use as a tool, King John, v. 2. 72.
=propice,= propitious, favourable. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 31;
_propise_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4. F. _propice_; L.
_propitius_.
=propriety,= peculiarity, special nature. Bacon, Essay 3, § 2; property,
Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). F. ‘_proprieté_, a
property speciality in; the nature, quality, inclination of’ (Cotgr.).
=prospective,= a magic glass or crystal in which it was supposed that
distant or future events could be seen, Bacon, Essay 26; _glasse
prospective_, Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 110. The word also means a
telescope, J. Taylor (Water Poet), Fennor’s Defence (NED.). Also, a
scene, a view, Porter, Angry Women, i. 1. 12. F. _prospective_, ‘the
prospective or optick art; also, a bounded prospect, a limited view’
(Cotgr.).
=prostrate,= one who is prostrate as a suppliant or a vanquished foe,
Otway, Don Carlos, i. 1.
=protense,= extension, a story long drawn out. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 4.
L. _protensus_, drawn out; pp. of _protendere_, to draw forth.
=protract,= delay, procrastination. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex).
=provand,= food, provisions. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 267; Caxton, Reynard
(Arber, p. 60). Flemish, _provande_, Fr. _provende_, Romanic type
_provenda_ for eccles. L. _praebenda_, a daily allowance (Dict. Christ.
Antiq.).
=provant,= provender, food. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Also, one who
deals in provisions, a sutler. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, i. 1
(Nicodemus). Hence, _Provant_, of or belonging to the ‘provant’ or
soldier’s allowance, and therefore, of common or inferior quality,
Webster, Appius and Virg. i. 4; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 1
(Bobadil).
=provecte,= advanced; ‘Provecte in yeres’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk.
i, c. 4, § 3. L. _provectus_, pp.
=providence,= foresight, timely care. Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2
(Overreach); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 1. 5.
=provincial garland,= a garland given to one who had added a _province_
to the Roman Empire. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 2 (Calanthia).
=prowest,= most valiant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; ii. 8. 18. OF. _prou_,
valiant (Bartsch). See Dict. (s.v. Prowess).
=prune,= the fruit. _Stewed prunes_, often referred to as being a
favourite dish in brothels. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 93; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3.
128; cp. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 5 (Eumenes). Spelt _proin_, in
_proin-stone_, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 500).
=prune;= see =proin.=
=pry, prie,= a local name of the small-leaved lime (_Tilia parvifolia_).
Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 15. An Essex word, see EDD. (sv. Pry, sb.^{1}
4).
=ptrow,= _interj._, tut! an exclamation of contempt. Heywood, Jupiter
and Io, vol. vi, p. 267, l. 3.
=Pucelle.= _Joan la Pucelle_, Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, 1 Hen.
VI, i. 4. 101; i. 6. 3. F. _pucelle_, a maid, virgin.
=puckfist, puckfoist,= the fungus usually called a puff-ball. Beaumont
and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); B. Jonson, Poetaster,
iv. 5 (Tucca). Named after ‘Puck’. See =pouke.= A common prov. word
(EDD.). The ‘puff-ball’ was also called Bull-fist, Puff-fist, and
Wolf’s-fist, see Cotgrave (s.v. Vesse de loup); see NED. (s.v. Fist).
=puckle,= a kind of bugbear or goblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2
(Hecate). OE. _pūcel_, a goblin (NED.), dimin. of _pūca_; see =pouke.=
=puckling,= little goblin; used as a term of endearment by a witch.
Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii. 1 (Mawd.); vol. iv, p. 187. See above.
=pudder,= pother, confusion, turmoil. King Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623);
Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Romanello). A common prov. word (EDD.).
=pudding-time, in,= in good time, lit. in time for dinner, as dinner
often began with pudding. Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii.
219; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 865. Still in use; see EDD.
=pudding tobacco,= tobacco compressed into sausage-like rolls. B.
Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii.
2 (Laxton).
=pudency,= modesty. Cymbeline, ii. 5. 11. L. _pudentia_, modesty.
=pug,= to pull, to tug; ‘What pugging by the ear!’, Appius and Virginia,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. In prov. use from Warw. to Dorset, see
EDD. (s.v. Pug, vb.^{2}).
=pug,= a bargeman; ‘In a Westerne barge, when with a good winde and
lustie pugges one may go ten miles in two daies’, Lyly, Endymion, iv. 2;
_Westerne pugs_, men who navigated barges down the Thames to London;
‘The Westerne pugs receiving money there [in plague time] have tyed it
in a bag at the end of their barge, and trailed it through the Thames’,
Dekker, Wonderfull Yeare (NED.).
=puggard,= a thief (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).
=pugging tooth,= Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 7. Meaning uncertain. Usually
taken as = thieving, cp. =puggard.= In Devon ‘pug-tooth’ means eye-tooth
(EDD.). Possibly there may be a play of words here: Autolycus’s hungry
eye-tooth (_pug_-tooth) set on edge tempts him to thieve (_pug_) ‘the
white sheet bleaching on the hedge’.
=puke,= a superior kind of woollen cloth, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 78. M. Du.
_puuc_, _puyck_, name of the best sort of woollen cloth (A.D. 1420). Du.
_puyck_, woollen cloth (Hexham); _puik_, choice, excellent (Sewel).
=puke,= the name of the colour formerly used for the cloth named ‘puke’.
‘_Pauonaccio cupo_, a deep darke purple or puke colour’ (Florio, ed.
1598); ‘Pewke, a colour, _pers_’, Palsgrave. See NED.
=pull:= in phr. _to pull down a side_, ‘to cause the loss or hazard of
the side or party with which a person plays’ (Nares); ‘If I hold your
card, I shall pull down the side’, Massinger, Duke of Florence, iv. 2
(Cozimo); id., Unnatural Combat, ii. 1 (Belgarde).
=pullen,= poultry, chickens. Tusser, Husbandry, 87. 5; Beaumont and Fl.,
Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless); _poleyn_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
146. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia
(EDD.). OF. _poulain_, young of any animal (Hatzfeld). Med. L.
_pullanus_, see Ducange (s.v. Pullani).
=pulpamenta,= delicacies. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 7
(Macilente). A word used by Plautus for tit-bits, delicacies.
=pulpatoon,= a dish made of rabbits, fowls, &c., in a crust of forced
meat. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). Span. _pulpelón_, a large
slice of stuffed meat.
=pulvilio,= fine scented powder, cosmetic powder. Etherege, Man of Mode,
iii. 3 (Sir Fopling); _Pulvilio-box_, a scent-box, Wycherley, Plain
Dealer, ii (Manly). Hence _pulvil_, to perfume with scented powder,
Congreve, Way of the World, iv. 1 (beginning). Ital. _polviglio_, fine
powder. See Stanford.
=pumey,= ‘pumice’. Peele, Anglorum Feriae, 26 (ed. Dyce, p. 595);
_pumie-stone_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 39; Shep. Kal., March, 89.
=pun,= to pound, to beat, pummel. Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 42; _pund_, pt. t.,
Heywood, King Edw. IV, First Part (Spicing); vol. i, p. 19. In common
prov. use from the north country down to Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Pound,
vb.^{3}). OE. _punian_, to pound, beat, bray in mortar.
=puncheon,= a kind of dagger. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 664 (L.
_dolones_). O. Prov. _ponchon_, ‘poinçon’ (Levy).
=puncto;= see =punto.=
=punctual,= no bigger than a point, very small; ‘This opacous Earth,
this punctual spot’, Milton, P. L. viii. 23.
=punese,= a bug. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. _punaise_.
†=pung,= a ‘punk’, courtesan. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Lethe). Not
found elsewhere.
=punkateero,= a purveyor of punks, a pander. Middleton, Blurt, Mr.
Constable, iv. 1 (Curvetto). A jocose formation from _punk_, a strumpet,
in imitation of Span. _mulatero_, muleteer, from _mulo_, mule. Not found
elsewhere.
=punto,= a small point; _in a punto_, in a moment, B. Jonson, Every Man
in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a nice point of behaviour, a ‘punctilio’,
‘Puntos and Complementes’, Bacon. Adv. L., bk. ii, c. 23, § 3; a stroke
or thrust with the point of the sword or foil, Merry Wives, ii. 3. 26;
_punto riverso_, a back-handed thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27; _punto beard_,
a pointed beard, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). Ital. and Span.
_punto_, L. _punctum_, a point.
=purchase,= to acquire, obtain, gain. Tempest, iv. 1. 14; Richard II, i.
3. 282. Hence, _purchase_, acquired property, wealth, Webster, Duch.
Malfi, iii. 1 (Antonio); spoil, booty, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101; Hen. V,
iii. 2. 45; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 16; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 5
(Theridamas). See Dict.
=purfle,= to embroider along an edge, to border, to ornament. Spenser,
F. Q. i. 2. 13; ii. 3. 26; Milton, Comus, 995; ‘_Pourfiler_, to purfle,
tinsell or overcast with gold thread’, Cotgrave.
=purfle,= the contour or outline of anything, the profile. Chapman,
Byron’s Conspiracy, iii. 1 (Breton).
=puritan,= used ironically for a courtesan (Cant). Marston, What you
Will, iii. 3 (Slip).
=purlieu,= ground near a forest, which having been made forest, was by
perambulation (OF. _puralee_) separated from the same, see Manwood,
Forest Laws, cap. 20; ‘In the purlieus of this forest’, As You Like It,
iv. 3. 77. The form _purlieu_ (for an older _purley_) is probably due to
popular etymology, i.e. to association with F. _pur lieu_, L. _purus
locus_, a free open space; _purley_, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv.
3 (Nimis); _purley-man_, one who has lands within the ‘purlieu’ (NED.);
_Pourlie man_, Cowell’s Interpreter (s.v. Purlue). Anglo-F. _puralé_
(_-lée_), a going though, ‘perambulatio’ (Rough List, s.v. Purlieu). See
NED.
=purpense,= to determine beforehand; ‘James Grame . . . wilfully
assented and purpensed the murdre, &c.’, Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 7; ‘A
purpensed malice’, Udall, Erasmus’s Paraph. Mark iii. 30. Anglo-F.
_purpenser_: _agwait purpensé_, ‘insidiis praecogitatis’ (Laws of
William I, § 1, 2); see Moisy. See =prepense.=
=purpose,= conversation, discourse. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 45; ii. 6. 6;
ii. 8. 56; Much Ado, iii. 1. 12; to converse, discourse, F. Q. ii. 12.
16. OF. _pourpos_ (_purpos_), a purpose (Godefroy), cp. F. _propos_, a
purpose, design, also, speech, discourse (Cotgr.).
=purprise,= an enclosure, enclosed area. Bacon, Essay 56 (Judicature).
Norm. F. _purprise_, _pourprise_, ‘pourpris, enceinte, enelos, demeure’
(Moisy); _porprise_ (Didot); _porprendre_, ‘investir, entourer’ (Didot).
Med. L. _porprisa_, _porprisum_, ‘possessio vel locus sepibus, muris,
ant vallis conclusus’; see Ducange (s.v. Porprendere).
=purse,= to steal purses. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Yo.
Loveless).
=purse-net,= a net, the mouth of which could be drawn together by a
string. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto); Appius, iv. 1
(Advocate).
=purveyance,= providence. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 58; provision,
equipment, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 13. ME. _purveyaunce_, providence,
also, provision (Chaucer). See Dict. (s.v. Purvey).
=push,= a pustule, pimple; ‘Black poushes or boyles’, Sir T. Elyot,
Castel of Helthe, bk. iii, c. 7; ‘Pimples or pushes’, Udall, tr. of
Apoph., Diogenes, § 6. Still in use in many parts of England, see EDD.
(s.v. Push, sb.^{3}).
=push,= _interj._, pish! Massinger, The Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides);
Middleton, Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Shortyard). Very common in Middleton.
=push-pin,= a childish game noticed by Strutt, Sports, v. 4. 14. In L.
L. L. iv. 3. 169; Herrick, Hesper., Love’s Play at Push-pin. Also called
_put-pin_.
=pussle,= a maid, girl, drab. Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78);
‘A puzell verie beautifull’, Holinshed (ed. 1587, iii. 545); Laneham’s
Letter (ed. Furnivall, 23); ‘The Fayre Pusell’, W. de Worde, Treatyse of
a Galaunt (see title of the play). F. _pucelle_, a maid.
=put,= a silly fellow, a ‘duffer’ (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia,
i. 1 (Shamwell). See Slang Dict., 1874.
=put case,= suppose. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (end).
=put forth,= to lend out (money). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour ii. 1
(Puntarvolo). Cp. Temp. iii. 3. 48; Sonnet cxxxiv. 10.
=put on,= to put on a hat. This was the occasion of much empty
compliment. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto). _Putting off his
hat_, taking it off, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 7.
=put up,= to sheathe a sword, to replace it in the scabbard. Temp. i. 2.
469; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 343; _put up_ (without a following sb.),
Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Martino).
=puther,= pother, trouble, disturbance. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 4
(Bayes); _pudder_, K. Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); _poother_, Coriolanus,
ii. 1. 234.
=put-pin,= ‘Playing at put-pin’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat.
viii. 205. See =push-pin.=
=puttock,= a bird of prey of the kite kind. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 191;
Cymb. i. 1. 140; Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 110; ‘Puttocke, _escoufle_’,
Palsgrave. In common prov. use for a kite or buzzard, see EDD. (s.v.
Puttock, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _puttocke_, ‘milvus’ (Prompt. EETS. 339,
see note, no. 1647). _Puttock_ is a not uncommon surname, see Bardsley,
493. An older form for this surname was _Putthawke_, see Chronicles of
Theberton (Suffolk), by H. M. Doughty, 1910, p. 177, ‘That year [1748]
John Puttock or Putthawke was churchwarden.’ Can _puttock_, the name of
the bird, stand for _pout-hawk,_ from the pouts, i.e. small birds, on
which it feeds? [For _pout_, see NED. (s.v. _Poult_).]
=puzell;= see =pussle.=
=pylery hole,= the hole through which the head of the offender was
thrust in the pillory. Skelton, Magnyf. 361. OF. _pillorie_ (Ducange,
s.v. Pilorium), O. Prov. _espilori_, _espitlori_ (Levy); Med. L.
*_spect’lorium_ < *_spectaculorium_, a place for a ‘spectacle’ (L.
_spectaculum_).
=pyonyng;= see =pion.=
=pyromancy,= divination by fire. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (186); scene
2. 15 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). Gk. πυρομαντεία, divination by fire.
=Pythonissa,= the witch of Endor; ‘Saith the Pythonissa to Saul’, Bacon,
Essay 35. L. _pythonissa_, applied to the witch of Endor (1 Sam.
xxviii), see Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii, Argument (‘Saul pythonissam
consulit’); properly, a woman possessed with Python, the spirit of
divination, cp. Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii. 7 (‘Mulier pythonem habens
in Endor’). See =Phitonessa.=
Q
=Q,= a cue, as the signal for an actor to begin his part; ‘And took I
not my _Q_?’ Barry, Ram-Alley, ii. 1 (W. Smallshanks); ‘And old men know
their _Q’s_, id., iii. 1 (O. Small.). Some say it stood for L. _quando_,
when; i.e. the time when.
=quab,= a crude or shapeless thing. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3. 5.
Low G. _quabbe_, a piece of fat flesh, _quabbeln_, to be flabby, quiver
like a piece of fat or soft flesh; Du. _quabbe_, ‘the dewlap of a
Rudder-beast hanging down under his necke’ (Hexham).
=quacking cheat,= a cant term for a duck. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Trapdoor). See =cheat= (2).
=quadlin,= a kind of apple, a ‘codling’, mentioned among the July fruits
in Bacon’s Essay 46, Of Gardens; _quodling_, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1
(Dol Common). Perhaps a corruption of ME. _querdlyng_, appul,
‘duracenum’ (Prompt.).
=quadrate,= a troop in a square formation; ‘The Powers Militant . . . in
mighty Quadrate joyn’d’, Milton, P. L. vi. 62. L. _quadratus_, squared;
_quadratum_, a square.
=quail,= the name of the bird, applied to a courtesan. Tr. and Cr. v. 1.
57; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula). See Nares. Cp. F. _cailte
coiffée_, ‘une femme galante’ (Moisy, s.v. Quaille); _cailles coyphées_,
women (Rabelais, iv. 23); _caille coiffée_, ‘a woman’ (Cotgr.).
=quail,= to curdle, coagulate; ‘I quayle as mylke dothe, _je
quaillebotte_’, Palsgrave; ‘This mylke is quayled’, id.; Phillips,
Dict., 1706. In prov. use in E. Anglia and adjacent counties, see EDD.
(s.v. Quail, vb.^{2}). ME. _quaylyn_ as mylk or odyrlyk lykowre,
‘coagulo’ (Prompt. EETS. 363). F. _cailler_, to curdle, to coagulate
(Cotgr.), OF. _coailler_ (Oxf. Ps. cxviii. 70); L. _coagulare_; cp.
Ital. _quagliare_ (_coagulare_, to curd or curdle (Torriano)). See
=quarle.=
=quail,= to lose courage; ‘My heart drops blood, and my false spirits
Quaile’, Cymbeline, v. 5. 149; ‘Their hearts began to quaile’, Holland,
Livy, xxxvi. 9. 924. A _fig._ sense of _quail_ (to curdle), see above.
Cp. Ital. _quagliare_ (_cagliare_), ‘aggrumare’; _per met._ ‘mancar
d’animo, venir meno’ (Fanfani, s.v. Cagliare).
=quail= (a trans. use of above), to cause to quail, to depress the heart
with fear or dejection; ‘He meant to quail and shake the orb’, Ant. and
Cl. v. 2. 85; Mids. Night’s D. v. 292 (Pyramus); Spenser, F. Q. i. 9.
49; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, i. 2 (Cassilane); Kyd, Cornelia,
iv. 1. 243.
=quail-pipe boot,= a boot having a wrinkled appearance. Middleton,
Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Truepenny); with reference to the E.
version of the Romaunt of the Rose, 7261: ‘Highe shoes . . . That
frouncen [are wrinkled] lyke a quaile-pipe.’
=quaint,= skilled, clever; ‘The quaint Musician’, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2.
149; skilfully designed, ‘A quaint salad’, Shirley, Traitor, iv. 2;
beautiful, elegant, Milton, Samson Ag. 1303; Much Ado, iii. 4. 22;
dainty, fastidious, prim, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 10. OF. _cointe_,
‘instruit’ (Bartsch), Med. L. _cognitus_, ‘sciens’ (Ducange). Cp. O.
Prov. _coinde_, _cointe_, ‘joli, gracieux, aimable’ (Levy).
=quaisy;= see =queazy.=
=quality,= profession, occupation. Merry Wives, v. 5. 44; Hamlet, ii. 2.
363; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Metaldi).
=quar,= a ‘quarry’, a heap of dead men. Phaer, Aeneid ix, 526. See Dict.
(s.v. Quarry, 2).
=quarelet,= a small square; ‘The quarelets of pearl’ (referring to a
girl’s teeth), Herrick, The Rock of Rubies, and the Quarrie of Pearls,
32. See =quarrel.=
=quarle,= a ‘quarrel’, cross-bow bolt. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 33. See
Dict. (s.v. Quarrel, 2).
=quarle,= to curdle, coagulate. Tourneur, Rev. Trag. iv. 4. 8. See
=quar=(=r= (2).
=quar=(=r,= a stone-quarry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth);
Drayton, Pol. i. 119. In prov. use (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 1).
=quar=(=r,= to coagulate; ‘It keepeth the mylke from quarring and
crudding in the brest’, Lyte, Dodoens, ii. 74. 246 (NED.). In prov. use
in Worc., Hants., Somerset, Devon (EDD.). See =quarle.=
=quarrel,= a square, or diamond-shaped piece of glass, in a window; ‘A
quarrell of glasse’, Puttenham, Arte of Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 11, ed.
Arber, p. 106; Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 1 (Galoshio).
‘Quarrel’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for a pane of
glass, esp. a diamond-shaped pane, see EDD. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1}), and
NED. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1} 3).
=quarron,= the body; the belly (Cant); ‘To comfort the quarron’, Brome,
Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song); _Quaromes_, a body, Harman, Caveat, p. 82.
The same word as _carrion_, a carcass; ‘Old feeble carrions’, Jul.
Caesar, ii. 1. 130. See NED.
=quart,= quarter, fourth part. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10.14. L. _quartus_,
fourth.
=quart d’écu;= see =cardecu.=
=quartile,= a quartile aspect, a quadrature, denoting the position of
two planets which are 90 degrees apart. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure,
chap. xxxvi, st. 12; Dryden, Palamon, i. 500.
=quass,= to drink copiously. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 87. Low G.
_quasen_, _quassen_, to devour, swallow (Lübben).
=quat,= a pimple; _fig._ applied contemptuously to a young person.
Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); Othello, v. 1. 11. ‘Quat’,
meaning a pimple, is in prov. use in the Midlands, also in Hants.
(EDD.).
=quat,= to oppress. Lyly, Euphues, p. 44. In prov. use in Wilts. and
Somerset, meaning to squeeze, crush, see EDD. (s.v. Quat, vb. 3).
=quat,= the act or state of squatting. A hunted leveret is ‘put to the
dead quat’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 31).
=quaternion,= a set of four. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Cupid);
Milton, P. L. v. 181; BIBLE, Acts xii. 4. L. _quaternio_ (Vulgate).
=quayd,= quieted, appeased; ‘Therewith his sturdie courage soone was
quayd’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 14. See =accoy.=
=queach,= a dense growth of bushes, a thicket. Golding, Ovid’s Metam. i.
4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xix. 610; id., Hymn to Pan; Coote’s English
Schoolemaster; Howell, Londinop. 382; _queachie_, bushy, Golding,
Metam., To Reader. See Nares. An E. Anglian word for a small plantation
of trees or bushes, a ‘spinney’ (EDD.). ME. _queche_, a dense growth of
bushes (Merlin, ed. Wheatley, iii. 540).
=queachy,= swampy, boggy; ‘Queachy fens’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 396; iv. 65;
xvii. 384; _quechy_, Heywood, Brazen Age, ii. 2 (Wks. iii. 190).
‘Queechy’ is in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Queachy, adj.^{1} 1).
=queam;= see =queme.=
=queat,= ‘quiet’; ‘Be _queat_’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, c. 6, st.
73; bk. iii, ch. 14, st. last but one. Not uncommon. See =unqueat.=
=queave,= to palpitate; ‘I left him _queaving_ and quick’ (i.e.
palpitating and alive), Puttenham, Arte of E. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19
(ed. Arber, p. 223); ‘Quycke and queaving’, life and palpitation,
Gascoigne, Grief of Joy (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 289). See NED. (s.v. Quave).
=queazy,= squeamish, fastidious, nice. Dryden, Epil. to Don Sebastian,
16; spelt _quaisie_, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 40); _queasie_,
unsettling the stomach, causing nausea, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 44);
‘Quaisy as meate or drinke is, _dangereux_’, Palsgrave.
†=quebas,= the name of an obsolete card-game. Etherege, She Would if she
Could, iii. 3 (Lady Cockwood). Not found elsewhere.
=queching;= see =quetch.=
†=quecke,= a knock, a whack; ‘If I fall, I catch a _quecke_, I may
fortune to break my neck’, Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii.
8. Not found elsewhere.
=queest;= see =woodquist.=
=queint,= _pp._ quenched. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; ‘The coals . . .
that be quent’, Sir T. Wyatt (Wks., ed. Bell, p. 200). ME. _queynt_
(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2321), pp. of _quenche_, to quench (id., Tr. and Cr.
iii. 846). See Dict.
=quellio,= a Spanish collar or neck-band. Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1
(Guzman); _quellio ruff_, a Spanish ruff, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4
(Luke). Span. _cuello_, neck, collar, ruff (Stevens); L. _collum_, neck.
=quelquechose,= a delicacy; the same word as _kickshaws_. Marston,
Malcontent, i. 1. 161 (Malevole); ‘_Fricandeaux_, short, skinless, and
dainty puddings, or Quelkchoses, made of good flesh and herbs chopped
together, then rolled up into the form of Liverings, &c., and so
boiled’, Cotgrave. F. _quelque chose_, something. See Dict. (s.v.
Kickshaws).
=queme,= to please. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 15; _queam_, pleasure,
Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, ch. 60, st. 32. ME. _queme_, to please
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 695); _queme_, pleasure, satisfaction (Cursor
M. 1064); see Dict. M. and S. OE. _cwēman_, _gecwēman_, to please.
=quent;= see =queint.=
=quere,= the ‘choir’ of a church. Morte Arthur, leaf 430*, back, 22; bk.
xxi, c. 12; Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 396. ‘Queer’ is in prov. use for
choir in the north country (EDD.). ME. _quere_, _queer_ (Wyclif, Ps.
lii. 1; cl. 4). Norm. F. _quers_, nom.; _cuer_, acc., ‘chœur’ (Moisy).
See Dict. (s.v. Choir).
†=querke:= phr. _to have the querke of the sea_ (?), Harrison, Desc. of
England, bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 310).
=querpo:= phr. _in querpo_, in a close-fitting dress or doublet, without
a cloak; ‘To walk the streets in querpo’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1.
2; cp. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 201. Span. _en cuerpo_, lit. ‘in the
body’; hence, half dressed. See Stanford (s.v. Cuerpo). See =cuerpo.=
=querre, at the,= (probably) on the cross, at a cross-stroke; ‘_Sir
Francis._ My hawk killed too. _Sir Charles._ Ay, but ’twas at the
querre, Not at the mount, like mine’, Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3. Cp.
Low G. _vor queer_, across. See Dict. (s.v. Queer).
=querry,= an ‘equerry’. Beaumont and Fl., Noble Gentleman, v. 1
(Marine); ‘_Querries_, Persons that are conversant in the Queen’s
Stables; and have charge of her Horses’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See
Dict. (s.v. Equerry).
=quest,= to seek after, search about, like a dog after game. Otway,
Soldier’s Fortune, iv. 3. 2. Also, to give tongue, like a hound at the
sight of game, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Townshead). ‘To quest’
is in prov. use in various parts of England, of dogs in the sense of
seeking for game, and of breaking out into a bark at the sight of the
quarry; see EDD. F. _quester_, ‘to quest, hunt; to open, as a dog that
seeth, or findeth of his game’ (Cotgr.).
=quest,= an inquiry; a body of men summoned to hold an inquiry.
Gascoigne, Works, i. 37; ‘Crowner’s quest law’, Hamlet, v. 1. 24. See
Dict. (s.v. Inquest).
=quest-house,= the house at which the inquests in a ward or parish were
commonly held, the chief watch-house in a parish. Middleton, Anything
for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (W. Camlet).
=questmongers,= men who made a business of conducting inquiries, Bacon,
Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 192). ME. _questmongeres_ (P. Plowman, B. xix.
367).
=questuary,= profitable, money-making. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 1
(Glister); Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 13, § 4. L.
_quaestuarius_, relating to gain; _quaestus_, gain.
=quetch, quitch,= to move, stir, wince; ‘He dare nat quytche’,
Palsgrave; ‘The Lads of Sparta of Ancient Time were wont to be Scourged
upon the Altar of Diana, without so much as Queching’, Bacon, Essay 39;
‘He could not move, nor quich at all’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 38; ‘They
dare not queatche’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. ME. _quytchyn_,
‘moveo’ (Prompt.); OE. _cweccan_, ‘movere’ (Matt. xxvii. 39).
=quibible,= (perhaps) a pipe or whistle; ‘Time . . . to pype in a
quibyble’, Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 389.
=quiblin,= a trick. Eastward Ho, iii. (1 _or_ 2) (Security); B. Jonson,
Tale of a Tub, iv. 1 (end); ‘A quirk or a quiblin’, id., Barth. Fair, i.
1 (Littlewit); id., Alchemist, iv. 4. 728 (Face). See Dict. (s.v.
Quibble).
=quich;= see =quetch.=
=quiddit,= a subtle shift, law-trick. Hamlet, v. 1. 107 (fol.); Heywood,
The Fair Maid, v. 2. 3.
=quiddle,= to trifle, to discourse in a trifling way; ‘Set out your
bussing base, and we will quiddle upon it’, Damon and Pithias; in
Hazlitt, iv. 81. In common prov. use from Worc. to Cornwall in the sense
of acting in a fussy manner about trifles; see EDD. (s.v. Quiddle,
vb.^{1}).
=quight;= see =quite.=
=quile;= see =quoil=(=e==.=
=quillet,= a sly trick, cavil. L. L. L. iv. 3. 288; Fletcher, Woman’s
Prize, iv. 1. 16.
=quillity,= a quibble, cavil. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 75. Cp.
Ital. _quilità_, _quillità_, ‘a quillity’ (Florio).
=quinch,= to stir, to wince, flinch, start. Spenser, View of the State
of Ireland, p. 670, col. 1 (Globe edition). _Not a quinch_, not a start,
not a jot, ‘I care not a quinche’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, iv. 28.
=quintell;= ‘A Quintaine or Quintell, a game in request at marriages,
when Jac and Tom, Dic, Hob and Will, strive for the gay garland’,
Minsheu, Ductor; Herrick, A Pastorall Sung to the King, 4; _quintil_,
Quarles, Sheph. Orac. vi (NED.).
=quip,= to taunt. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; to assail with sarcasm,
Greene, Verses from Cicero, 5, ed. Dyce, p. 311; to be sarcastic, Lyly,
Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 206).
=quire,= a throng, company. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 48. See =quere.=
†=quirily,= quiveringly (?). Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 220. Not
found elsewhere.
=quit,= to requite. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 5); Beaumont and
Fl., v. 1 (Antinous). See =quite.=
=quitch;= see =quetch.=
=quite, quight,= to free, release. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 10; to repay,
requite, id., i. 10. 67; _quite_, id., i. 1. 30; i. 8. 26, 27; i. 10.
15, 37. ME. _quyte_, to requite, repay (Chaucer); see Dict. M. and S.
Med. L. _quietare_, _quitare_, ‘pacificare, dimittere’; _quietus_,
_quitus_, ‘absolutus, liber’ (Ducange).
=quite-claim,= to acquit, free. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 14.
=quittance,= to requite, repay. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 14; Greene, Orl. Fur.
ii. 1 (499); Sacripant (p. 95, col. 2).
=quitter-bone,= an ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s foot. B. Jonson,
Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘_Sete_, the quitter-bone; a round and
hard swelling upon the cornet (between the heel and quarter) of a
horse’s foot’, (Cotgrave).
=quitture,= a purulent discharge from a wound or sore. Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, xiv. 7; xxiv. 374. ME. _quytere_ (Wyclif, Job ii. 8); _whytowre_
(Prompt.). Anglo-F. _quyture_ (Bozon), OF. _cuiture_, smarting, matter
from a boil; _cuire_, to smart, lit. to cook, roast, &c.; L. _coquere_.
=quiver,= active, quick, rapid. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 301; Turbervile, The
Lover to Cupid, st. 18; _quiverly_, actively, Gillespie, Eng. Pop.
Cerem. (NED.). OE. _cwiferlīce_, actively.
=quoil=(=e,= a noisy disturbance, a ‘coil’. R. Harvey, Pl. Perc. (ed.
1860, p. 30); Culpepper, Eng. Physic, 255; _quile_, Lord Cromwell, i. 1.
7. See NED. (s.v. Coil, sb.^{2}).
=quondam,= once upon a time; hence, one who has formerly held an office,
one who has ceased to perform duties; ‘He wyll haue euerye man a quondam
as he is; as for my quondamshyp’, &c, Latimer, 4 Sermon bef. King, ed.
Arber, p. 108. L. _quondam_, formerly.
=quook,= quaked; _pt. t._ of _quake_. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 30. ME.
_quok_, quaked (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1576); but the regular pt. t. is
_quaked_(_e_ (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 246); OE. _cwacode_, pt. t. of
_cwacian_.
=quote,= to note, set down in writing. L. L. L. ii. 246; Fletcher,
Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Petronius).
=quoth, quoathe,= to faint; ‘He, quothing as he stood’, Golding, Metam.
v. 71; fol. 56 (1603); vii. 859; fol. 92. See =coath.=
=quot-quean,= see =cot-quean.=
=quoying,= ‘coying’, blandishing; ‘Were they living to heare our newe
quoyings . . . they would tearme it (the old wooing) foolish’ (Lyly,
Euphues, ed. Arber, 277). See =coy.=
R
=rabate, rabbate,= to rebate, remit, take away; ‘I rabate a porcyon’,
Palsgrave, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, ch. 25 (ed. Arber, p. 310);
_rabbate_, diminution, Puttenham, iii. ch. 11; p. 173. F. ‘_rabatre_, to
abate, remit, give back’ (Cotgr.). See =rebate= (2).
=rabbit-sucker,= a very young rabbit; one that still sucks. 1 Hen. IV,
ii. 4. 480; Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas).
=rabbling,= disorderly; ‘Rabbling wretch!’, Appius and Virginia, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. See NED.
=rablement,= a rabble, noisy crowd. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 8.
=race,= to rase, scrape. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 108, 118; Chapman, tr.
of Iliad, iv. 158; to tear, to tear away, Morte Arthur, leaf 36, back,
1; bk. i, c. 23; to slash, tear violently, id., leaf 119, back, 22; bk.
vii, c. 17; to erase, to alter a writing by erasure, ‘This indenture is
raced’, Palsgrave. See NED. (s.v. Race, vb.^{3}).
=rache;= see =ratch.=
=rack,= a neck of mutton. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Lyly, Mother
Bombie, iii. 4 (Dromio); How a Man may choose, iii. 3 (Aminadab). In
prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).
=rack,= a mass of driving clouds. Hamlet, ii. 3. 506. Also, as vb., to
drift, to move as a driving cloud; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 27; Edw. III, ii.
1. 4; Dryden, Three Political Prologues, ii. 33.
=rack,= to move quickly; said of deer and horses; ‘His rain-deer,
racking with proud and stately pace’, Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory (ed.
Dyce, p. 562). Cp. Swed. dial. _rakka_, to go quickly, to run hither and
thither (Rietz).
=rack and manger, at,= with plenty of food, in the midst of abundance,
in luxury; ‘Kept at rack and manger’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii,
ch. 41, st. 46. The phrase, ‘To live at rack and manger’ (i.e. to live
with heedless extravagance), is in common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v.
Rack, sb.^{5} 16 (2)).
=rad,= agreed upon after consultation; ‘Which judgement strayt was rad’,
Mirror for Mag., Northfolke, st. 21. Pp. of _rede_, to take counsel
together. See NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.^{1} 5). See =rede.=
=raft,= reft, bereft. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 14. See NED. (s.v.
Reave, vb.^{1}).
=ragman-roll,= a list, catalogue; ‘I did what I cowde Apollo to rase out
of her ragman rollis’, Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 1490. ME. _rolle of
ragman_, a catalogue, Towneley Myst. xxx. 224; _rageman_, the name of a
game of chance played with a written roll having strings attached to the
various items contained in it, one of which the player selected or
‘drew’ at random; see Gower, C. A. viii. 2379, and the interesting note
by G. C. Macaulay; _rageman_, the name given to a statute (4 Edward I),
appointing justices to hear and determine complaints of injuries done
within 25 years previous; see NED. (s.v. Ragman, 2).
=ragmans rew,= a rhapsody, rigmarole; ‘A ragmans rewe . . . So do we
call a long jeste that railleth on any persone by name’, Udall, tr. of
Apoph., 245; a list, ‘Ragmanrew, _series_’, Levins, Manip.
=rahate,= ‘to rate’, scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, §§ 22, 34.
=raile, rayle,= to roll, flow, trickle. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 43; ii. 8.
37; Visions of Bellay, 155; Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, iv. 74.
=railed,= fastened in a row; ‘Railed in ropes, like a team of horses in
a cart’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 130); Ford, Perkin Warbeck,
iii. 1 (Oxford). OF. _reiller_; L. _regulare_, to put in order.
=rain, rean,= a furrow between the ridges in a field. Spelt _raine_,
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 13. 7; _rayne_, id., 7. 20; _reane_, id., 21.
15. In general prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rean). Icel. _rein_, a narrow
strip of land, esp. one left unploughed between fields.
=raine, rayne,= realm, dominion; also region. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 28;
id., iii. 4. 49; vi. 2. 9. See Dict. (s.v. Reign).
=rakehell,= a thorough scoundrel; a debauchee or rake; ‘The King of
rake-hells’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165); ‘_Vaultneant_,
_pendart_, _pendereau_, a rakehel, a rascal that wil be hangd’,
Nomenclator, 1585 (Nares); ‘_Pendard_, a rake-hell, crack-rope,
gallow-clapper’, Cotgrave.
=rakel,= impetuous, headstrong; ‘Rakyl, _insolens_’, Levins, Manip.;
‘Rackle’ (or ‘Rakel’) is in common prov. use in the north country in the
sense of rash, violent, headstrong (EDD.). ME. _rakel_, rash, hasty
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1067; iii. 1437).
=ramage,= said of hawks: having left the nest and begun to fly from
branch to branch; hence, wild, untamed, shy; said also of animals and
persons; ‘Take a sperhauke ramage’, Caxton, G. de la Tour, A viii
(NED.); Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 10. Norm. F.
_ramage_, ‘sauvage, farouche’ (Moisy); Rom. type, _ramaticum_, deriv. of
L. _ramus_, a branch.
=ramp,= a bold vulgar girl. Middleton and Dekker, Roaring Girl, iii. 3
(Trapdoor); Cymbeline, i. 6. 134; Lyly, Sapho, iii. 2 (Song).
=ramp,= to creep or crawl on the ground; see NED. ME. _rampe_: ‘A litel
Serpent . . . Which rampeth’ (Gower, C. A. vi. 2230). F. _ramper_, ‘to
creep, crawl’ (Cotgr.).
=ramp,= to raise the forepaws in the air (usually said of lions); ‘A
rampynge and roarynge lyon’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 13 (so in
Prayer Book); ‘The ramping lion’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 2. 13. ME. _rampe_; ‘He
goth rampende as a leoun’ (Gower, C. A. vii. 2573). Anglo-F. _ramper_;
‘lioun rampant’ (Gower, Mirour, 2267). See =raump.=
=rampallian,= a ruffian, scoundrel; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl.,
Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Orleans); City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, xi. 197; applied to a woman, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 65; S. Rowlands,
Greenes Ghost (NED.).
=rampier,= a ‘rampart’, protecting bank of earth. Bacon, Henry VII (ed.
Lumby, p. 165). Hence, _rampired_, fortified, Timon, v. 4. 47. See Dict.
=rampion,= a species of bell-flower, _Campanula Rapunculus_. Tusser,
Husbandry, § 40. 12; Drayton, Pol. xx. 60. F. _raiponce_, ‘rampions’
(Cotgr.). The _s_ of _rampions_ has been taken for the plural _s_, and
accordingly dropped.
=ranch,= to tear, to cut. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 856; Drayton, tr. of
Aeneid, xi. 1184. ‘Ranch’ in E. Anglia means to scratch deeply and
severely (EDD.).
=rand,= a strip or slice of meat; ‘Rands and sirloins’, Fletcher,
Wildgoose Chase, v. 2 (Belleur); ‘_Giste de bœuf_, a rand of beef, a
longe and fleeshy peece, cut out from between the flanke and buttock’
(Cotgrave). Still in use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Rand, sb.^{1} 6).
=randon:= in phr. _at randon_, with rushing force. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4.
7; Shep. Kal., May, 46. OF. _randon_, force, impetuosity, the swiftness
of a violent stream; hence F. _aller à grand randon_, ‘to go very fast’
(Cotgr.). See =raundon.=
=randon,= to go about at will. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Arostus); ii.
chorus, 2. F. ‘_randonner_, to run swiftly, violently’ (Cotgr.); see H.
Estienne, Précellence, 187.
=rangle,= to rove, to wander. Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 36;
Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 2. Cp. the Somerset phrase
‘a rangle common’, see EDD. (s.v. Rangle, vb.^{2} 2).
=rank,= strongly, furiously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6; iv. 5. 33. In
Cheshire a wasp’s nest is said to be ‘rank’, where the wasps are
numerous and angry (EDD.). ME. _rank_, froward (Havelok, 2561). OE.
_ranc_, renders the Vulgate ‘protervum’ (Ælfric, Deut. xxi. 18).
=ranpick,= partially decayed, bare of leaves. Drayton, Pol. ii. 205;
Barnfield, Affect. Sheph. 27 (NED.). In Cheshire ‘rampick’ (in Warw.
‘ranpike’) means a tree beginning to decay at the top; a young tree
stripped of boughs and bark (EDD.).
=rap,= to affect with rapture, to transport, ravish with joy. Cymbeline,
i. 6. 51; B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, i. 1. A back-formation
from =rapt= (1).
=rap and rend,= to snatch up and seize, to take by force, acquire.
Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 54; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 789; _rappe and
rende_, Roy, Rede Me (ed. Arber, 74). ME. _rape and renne_ (Chaucer, C.
T. G. 1422). See EDD. (s.v. Rap, vb.^{3} (1) and (5)), and Dict. (s.v.
Rap, 2).
=rapt,= caught up (like Elijah). Milton, P. L. iii. 522; vii. 23;
affected with ecstasy, Macbeth, i. 3. 57 (and 142); Spenser, F. Q. iv.
9. 6. L. _raptus_, seized, snatched.
=rapt,= to carry away, to transport, enrapture. Daniel, Civil War, vii.
96; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 411; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 84;
Sylvester, Du Bartas, ii. 4. 1. The verb is formed from the pp., see
above.
=rapture,= the act of carrying off as prey or plunder; ‘Spite of all the
rapture of the sea’, Pericles, ii. 1. 161; the condition of being
carried onward, ‘Our Ship . . . ’gainst a Rocke . . . her keele did dash
With headlong rapture’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xiv. 428; the act of
carrying off a woman, Dekker, Fortunatus (Wks., ed. 1873, i. 151).
=rare,= early. ‘Rare and late’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 422. Still
in prov. use in the south and south-west counties, see EDD. adj.^{2}.
See =rear.=
=rascal,= a lean deer not fit to hunt. As You like It, iii. 3. 58;
Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph); Turbervile,
Hunting, c. 28; p. 73. See Nares.
=rash,= to strike like a boar, with a glancing stroke, to tear with
violence. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fastidious Brisk);
Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 17. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{2} 1).
=rash,= to tear, pull, drag. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 826; Dryden,
tr. of Aeneid, ix. 1094. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{3}).
=ratch,= a dog that hunts by scent. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 592. Still in
use in the north country, see EDD. sb.^{4}. ME. _ratche_, hownde,
odorinsecus’ (Prompt.). OE. _ræce_ (B. T.); related to Icel. _rakki_, a
dog.
=ratches,= a mass of scudding clouds; ‘From all the heauen the ratches
flies’, Phaer, Aeneid v, 821 (L. _nimbi_).
=rathe,= early; ‘The rathe morning’, Drayton, Robert, Duke of Normandy,
8; Milton, Lycidas, 142; ‘The rather lambs’ (i.e. the lambs born in the
earlier part of the year), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 83; _rathe_, soon,
id., Dec, 98; ‘All to rathe’ (all too soon). Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover
waileth (Wks., ed. Bell, 98). Still in use in various parts of the
British Isles (EDD.). ME. _rathe_, early, soon; _rather_, sooner, more
willingly (Chaucer). OE. _hræð_, quick, _hraðe_, quickly.
=raught,= reached; _pt. t._ and _pp._ of _to reach_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 41;
Hen. V, iv. 6. 21; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 43. Still in prov. use, see EDD.
(s.v. Reach, vb.^{1} 3).
=raump,= to ramp, rear up; said of a lion. Morte Arthur, leaf 170. 30;
bk. ix, c. 1. See =ramp= (3).
=raundon,= force, violence, impetuosity, great haste. Morte Arthur, leaf
55. 37; bk. iii, c. 9; id., leaf 338. 15; bk. xvi, c. 8. See =randon.=
=raven:= in phr. _raven’s bone_, the gristle on the ‘spoon’ of the
brisket of a deer; given to the crows. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2
(Robin). Also called _raven’s morsel_, Turbervile, Hunting, 42. 129.
=ravin,= to snatch with violence, to devour greedily; Meas. for M. i. 2.
133; Cymbeline, i. 6. 49; BIBLE, Gen. xlix. 27; Ps. xvii. 12, margin;
‘_Rapinare_, to ravin, to rob, to snatch’ (Florio); _raven_, to have a
ravenous appetite for, Dryden, Hind and P., iii. 964; id., Wild Gallant,
iv. 2; _ravine_, prey, booty, ‘The Lion . . . filled his holes with
pray, and his dens with ravine’, Nahum ii. 12 (Vulgate, _rapina_);
ravenous, ‘I met the ravin lion’, All’s Well, iii. 2. 120. See Dict.
(s.v. Raven, 2).
=ray,= ‘array’, due order. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 50; v. 11, 34; an array,
line, rank, ‘Thirteen rayes of horsemen’, Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Alexander, § 5. See Dict. (s.v. Array).
=ray,= to defile. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 40; vi. 4. 23; Tam. Shrew, iii.
2. 54. For _araye_; ‘I araye or fyle with myer, _j’emboue_’, Palsgrave.
‘Ray’ is still in use in Lanc. and Yorks. in this sense, cp. the
proverb, ‘It’s an ill bird that rays its own nest.’
=ray, cloth of,= a kind of striped cloth. Peele, Edw. I. (ed. Dyce, p.
390, col. 2). Cp. F. _raie_, a streak, stripe; O. Prov. _rega_, ‘sillon’
(Levy); Med. L. _riga_, a stripe, _rigatus_, striped (Ducange). See
=rockray.=
=rayon,= a ray, beam. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, Pt. II, st. 2, 1. 7.
F. _rayon_, a ray.
=raze,= to slash, slit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 288; Turbervile, Trag. T., 279
(NED.).
=read;= see =rede.=
=reading,= advice. Field, Woman a Weathercock, i. 1 (Nevill). See
=rede.=
=ready:= in phr. _to make ready_, to dress oneself; ‘You made yourself
half ready in a dream’, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella);
‘She must do nothing of herself, not eat . . . make her ready, unready,
Unless he bid her’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio). See
=unready.=
=reaks, reeks,= pranks, riotous practices. Gascoigne, Looks of a Lover
forsaken, 13 (Works, i. 49); Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown);
Urquhart’s Rabelais, iii. 2; ‘_Faire le Diable de Vauvert_, to play
monstrous reaks’, Cotgrave (s.v. Diable); ‘The heart of man in prayer is
most bent to play reakes in wandering from God’, Boyd, Last Battel, 731
(Jamieson). ‘Reak’ (or ‘reik’) is an old Scottish word for a trick or
prank. See =rex.=
=re-allie,= to form (plans) again. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 23.
=realm,= region; pron. like _ream_ (of paper), and quibbled upon. B.
Jonson, Every Man in Hum. v (Clement); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4
(Ithamore).
=reame,= a kingdom, realm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53; iv. 8. 45; Daniel,
Civil Wars, i. 82; _reme_, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 156. ME.
_reame_ (P. Plowman, A. v. 146); _reme_ (Chaucer), Anglo-F. _realme_
(Rough List); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Rewme).
=reaming,= stretching out in threads; ‘Reaming wooll’, Herrick, Widdowes
Teares, st. 5. Cp. ‘reamy’, stringy, used of bread, in the west country,
see EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 6 (2)).
=rear,= early. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Lolpoop). A Kentish
pronunciation of _rare_. See EDD. (s.v. Rare, adj. 2). See =rare.=
=rear,= insufficiently cooked. Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 21. In
gen. prov. use in England and America (EDD.). OE. _hrēr_, half-cooked,
underdone (Sweet).
=reare,= to lift; hence, to carry off, take away. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6.
6. Also, to direct upwards, Milton, P. R. ii. 285.
=reasty,= rancid, esp. used of bacon which has become yellow and
strong-tasting through bad curing. _Reastie_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 20.
2. OF. _resté_, that which is left over, hence, stale, cp. Bibbesworth,
in T. Wright’s Vocab., 155: _chars restez_ = E. _resty flees_ (i.e.
reasty flesh). _Reasty_ is still in general prov. use in England (EDD.).
=rebate,= to beat back. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 87; iii. 2 (884); p. 90,
col. 2; p. 101, col. 1. F. _rabatre_ (Cotgr.).
=rebate,= to blunt. Meas. for M. i. 4. 60; Otway, Don Carlos, iii. 1
(King); Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiv. 585; Dryden, Pal. and Arc. iii. 502.
See =rabate.=
=rebato, rabato,= a collar-band, or ruff, which turned back upon the
shoulders. Much Ado, iii. 4. 6; Dekker, Satiromastix (Works, 1873, i.
186); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Phantaste); ‘_Porte-fraise_, a
Rebato or supporter for a Ruffe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611). _Rebato-wire_, a
wire for stiffening a ‘rebato’, Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 32; Heywood, A
Woman killed, v. 2. 8. F. _rabat_, ‘a Rabatoe for a woman’s ruff, also,
a falling band’ (Cotgr.).
=rebeck,= an early form of the fiddle. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 20, § 11; Milton, L’Allegro, 94. O. Prov. _rebec_, also _rebeb_
(Levy). See Dict.
=rebeck,= to beckon back, recall, reclaim; said of a hawk. Heywood, A
Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles).
=rebelling,= a ‘ravelin’ (in a quibble). Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1
(Clown). Span. _rebellin_, a ‘ravelin’ in fortification (Stevens). See
Dict.
=reboil,= to bubble up again. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, §
10; _reboyled_, made to boil again; Skelton (ed. Dyce, vol. i, p. 209).
F. ‘_rebouiller_, to boil once more; _rebouillonner_, to bubble’
(Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. _rebullire_, ‘recandescere’ (Ducange).
=receit,= a place of refuge, alcove. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 413;
recess, haven, id., x. 122; a recess, place of ambush; Bacon, Hen. VII
(ed. Lumby, p. 154). Anglo-F. _recet_, place of resort (Rough List); O.
Prov. _recet_, ‘lieu où l’on se retire, retraite’ (Levy); Med. L.
_receptum_ (Ducange). See =recheat.=
=rechate,= the calling together of the hounds in hunting. Malory,
Arthur, x. 52. As vb., to blow a ‘rechate’, to call together the hounds.
Drayton, Pol. xiii. 122; Turbervile, Hunting, xl. 114 (NED.). OF.
_rachater_ (_racheter_); L. _re_ + Med. L. _accaptare_ (Ducange); see
NED. (s.v. Achate, vb.).
=recheat,= the series of notes sounded on the horn for calling the
hounds together, Much Ado, i. 1. 251; Davenant, Gondibert, ii. 37.
Anglo-F. and OF. (Picard), _rechet_, a retreat, hence, a note of
retreat; O. Prov. _recet_, ‘retraite’ (Levy). See =receit.=
=recheles,= reckless, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 7. 8. OE. _reccelēas_. See
=retchless.=
=rechlessness,= carelessness, recklessness, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv.
1; Article of Religion, 17 (in modern Prayer Books misspelt
_wretchlessness_). ME. _recchelesnesse_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 611).
=reclaim,= to call back; _reclayme_, Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 9; a term in
falconry, ‘I reclayme a hauke of her wyldnesse’, Palsgrave; to tame,
Romeo, iv. 2. 47. Cp. F. ‘_reclame_, a Sohoe or Heylaw; a loud calling,
whooting or whooping, to make a Hawk stoop unto the Lure’ (Cotgr.).
=record,= to sing, to warble; applied esp. to the singing of birds. Two
Gent. v. 4. 6; Pericles, iv, Gower; Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii.
1; Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 4. As sb. = =recorder= (see below),
Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 142.
=recorder,= a kind of flageolet or small flute, so named because birds
were taught to ‘record’ by it. Hamlet, iii. 2. 303. See Nares.
=recoure,= to regain, win again. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 25; ‘I recure, I
get agayne’, Palsgrave.
=recoyle;= see =recule.=
=recrayed,= recreant; ‘He was a recrayd knyght’, Skelton, Against the
Scottes, Epilogue, 26; A Replicacion, 45. Norm. F. _recreire_, ‘se
dédire’ (Moisy); O. Prov. _se recreire_, ‘s’avouer vaincu’ (Levy); Med.
L. _recredere_, to surrender oneself, as being defeated (Ducange).
=recreance,= _Letters of Recreance_, Letter from the Earl of Sunderland
to Robert Harley, Dec. 31, 1705, see N. and Q. 11 S. vii. 505. F.
‘_Lettres de récréance_, qui se dit, soit des lettres qu’un Prince
envoie à son Ambassadeur, pour les présenter au Prince d’auprès duquel
il le rappelle; soit des lettres que ce Prince donne à un Ambassadeur,
afin qu’il les rende à son retour au Prince qui le rappelle’, Dict. de
l’Acad., 1762; ‘_Recreance_, a restoral, restitution; also, a delivery
of possession’ (Cotgr.). Cp. O. Prov. _recrezensa_, ‘désistement’
(Levy).
=recule,= to retire, go back. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; ‘I recule, I go
back, _je recule_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 47; Gascoigne,
Fruites of Warre, st. 108; _recoyle_, to retreat. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10.
17; _recuile_, id., vi. 1. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Recoil).
†=recullisance,= a corrupt form of _recognisance_. Middleton, Mich.
Term, iii. 4 (Shortyard). See =cullisen.=
=recure,= to restore to health and vigour. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 44; 9.
2; 10. 24; as sb., recovery, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 436; xviii. 60;
Sackville, Induction, st. 49. Hence, _recureless_, without recovery, not
to be recovered from, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 446; irrecoverable;
Greene, James IV, ii. 2 (987; Nano).
=recuyell,= a collection; ‘The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ (the
title of Caxton’s book); spelt _recule_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell,
1187. Also, a reception, welcome, ‘The grete recuel that I have doon’,
Caxton, Eneydos, xviii. 66. F. ‘_recueil_, a collection, also, a
reception, welcome’ (Cotgr.); ‘_recueil_, accueil’ (Estienne).
=red.= _Red lattice_, a lattice-window painted red, to distinguish an
ale-house. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 86; cp. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 28.
=rede, read,= to advise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; id., Mother Hub. 114;
to discern, estimate, to take for something, Spenser, Ruins of Time,
633; id., F. Q. ii. 12. 70; vi. 2. 30. As sb. _rede_, counsel, advice.
Hamlet, i. 3. 51. ME. _rede_, to advise; _reed_, _rede_, advice
(Chaucer); OE. _rǣdan_; _rǣd_ (Sweet). See =rad.=
=redintegrate,= restored to a perfect state. Bacon, Henry VII (ed.
Lumby, p. 42). L. _redintegratus_.
=Red-shanks,= a name applied to the Gaelic inhabitants of the Scottish
Highlands and of Ireland, in allusion to the colour of the bare legs
reddened by exposure; ‘Scottes and Reddshankes’, Spenser, State Ireland
(Globe ed., 658, col. 2). [‘The red-shanks of Ireland’, Smollett, Humph.
Clinker (Davies).]
=redub, redoub,= to repair, amend, requite. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk.
i, c. 7, § 2; ‘O gods, redub them vengeaunce just’, Phaer, tr. of
Virgil, bk. vi; Udall, tr. of Apoph., p. xvi, line 27; Socrates, § 47.
Anglo-F. _redubber_, F. ‘_radouber_, to peece, mend’ (Cotgr.).
=reduce,= to bring back, recover. Shirley, Hyde Park, v. 1 (Mis. Carol);
Court Secret, i. 1 (Manuel); Sackville, Induction, st. 9; Hen. V, v. 2.
63; Rich. III, v. 3. 36. L. _reducere_.
=reek,= a rick, stack. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Dryden,
Meleager (from Ovid), l. 35. ‘Reek’ is the prov. pronunc. of rick in
many parts of England, as well as in Ireland (EDD.). OE. _hrēac_, a
hayrick.
=reeke,= seaweed. Golding, Metam. xiv. 38 (L. _algae_). ME. _wreke_, of
the sea, ‘alga’ (Prompt.). Icel. _reki_ (_vreki_), seaweed drifted
ashore.
=reere,= a loud noise, a shout. Golding, Metam. xiii. 876; fol. 165, l.
1 (1603); ‘Such a reare of thunder fell’, Hudson, Du Bartas, Judith, ii
(NED. s.v. Rear). ME. _rere_, noise (R. Brunne, Chron. Wace, 10207). See
NED. (s.v. Reere).
=reez’d,= rancid, as bacon. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 112.
ME. _reest_, as flesche, ‘rancidus’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Reesed).
=refel, refell,= to refute. Meas. for M. v. 1. 94; Lyly, Alexander, ii.
2 (Alex.). L. _refellere_.
=reflect,= to turn back. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ix. 190. L. _reflectere_
(Cicero).
=refocillation,= a restorative. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Pen.
B.). L. _refocillare_, to warm into life again; often used in the
Vulgate for the reviving of the spirit: ‘Reversus est spiritus ejus, et
refocillatus est’, 1 Reg. xxx. 12 (1 Sam. xxx. 12).
=reformado,= a disbanded soldier; an officer left without a command
(owing to the ‘reforming’ or disbanding of his company), but retaining
his rank and receiving full or half pay; ‘A reformado saint’, Butler,
Hud. ii. 2. 116; ‘The reformado soldier’, id., ii. 2. 648; B. Jonson,
Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. Span. _reformado_, an officer on half-pay;
from _reformar_, to reduce in number; hence of troops, to discharge,
disband (cp. Calderon, El Alcalde de Zalamea, ii. 33). See Stanford.
=refuse me,= may God reject me; once a very fashionable oath; ‘These
wicked elder brothers, that swear refuse them’, Rowley, a Match at
Midnight, i. 1 (Tim); ‘God refuse me’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce,
p. 7, col. 2 (Flamineo).
=regals,= _pl._, a small portable organ with one or two sets of
reed-pipes played with one hand, while the other worked a small bellows.
Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Bacon, Sylva, § 172. Norm. F.
_regales_, ‘espèce de petit orgue portatif’ (Moisy).
=regalo,= a dainty, a choice bit; ‘Servants laden with regalos and
delicate choice Dainties’, Mabbe, tr. Life of Guzman, i. 1. 2; ‘Their
markets are well furnish’d with all Provisions; witness their _Salsicce_
only, which are a _Regalo_ for a Prince’, R. Lassels, Voy. Italy (ed.
1698, p. 101); spelt (wrongly) _regalio_, Dryden, Wild Gallant, Epil.,
12. Span. ‘_regálo_, a dainty; also, loving and kind entertainment;
_regalar_, to make much of, to treat daintily’ (Stevens). See Stanford.
=regiment,= rule, sway, dominion. Ant. and Cl. iii. 6. 95; Marlowe, 1
Tamburlaine, ii. 7. 19. ME. _regiment_ (Gower, C. A. vii. 915, 1245,
1702). Anglo-F. _regiment_ (Gower, Mirour, 2615).
=regorge,= to swallow back again. Dryden, Sigismonda, 186.
=regrater, regrator,= a retailer, retail dealer. _Regrators_, pl.,
North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 15 (in Shak. Plut., p. 261);
_regrators_ of bread-corn, Tatler, no. 118, § 10 (1709-10). ME.
_regratere_ (P. Plowman, C. iv. 82; see Notes, p. 61); Anglo-F.
_regratier_ and _regratour_ (Rough List). Med. L. _regratarius_ and
_regratator_ (Ducange).
=reguerdon,= requital, reward. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 170; to reward, 1 Hen.
VI, iii. 4. 23. ME. _reguerdoun_ (Gower, C. A. v. 2368, as vb., iii.
2716). Anglo-F. _reguerdon_, reward, _reguerdoner_, to reward (Gower,
Balades, xii. 2; xxiii. 3).
=relate,= to bring back again. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 51.
=relent,= to slacken; ‘He would relent his pace’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11.
27; iii. 4. 49; iii. 7. 2; slackening, v. 7. 24; vi. 5. 20. F.
‘_ralentir_, to slacken’ (Cotgr.).
=relent,= to melt, to dissolve into water; ‘Se howe this snowe begynneth
to relent agaynst the sonne’, Palsgrave; to become soft, Tusser,
Husbandry, 63; to cause to melt, ‘Phebus dothe the snowe relente’,
Hawes, Conv. Swearers, xl; hence, _relentment_, dissolution, Sir T.
Browne, Urn Burial, i. § 7. Anglo-F. _se relenter_, to dissolve, melt
(Gower, Mirour, 6603).
=relide;= see =rely.=
=relief, releef,= a term in hunting, when the dogs follow a new and
unknown prey; ‘You must sound the releefe . . . your reliefe is your
sweetest note . . . when your hounds hunt after a game unknowne’, Return
from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). See Nares, and NED. (s.v. Relief,
sb.^{2} 7c).
=reliv’d,= recalled to life, reanimated. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 52; iii.
8. 3; _relyv’d_, id., iii. 4. 35.
=reluce, reluse,= to shine brightly. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 185. 12;
_reluysing_, brightness, id., leaf 225, back, 9. F. ‘_reluire_, to shine
. . . _reluisant_, shining, radiant’ (Cotgr.).
=rely,= to assemble, gather (soldiers) together, to rally; ‘He gathered
his troopes, . . . he relieth the rankes’, Heywood, tr. Sal. Jug. War,
50 (NED.); ‘He caused them to stay and relie themselves’, Holinshed,
Scot. Chron. (NED.); to join oneself, ‘And Blandamour to Claribell
relide’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 26. ME. _rely_, to assemble, rally
soldiers (Barbour, Bruce, iii. 34). F. _relier_, to bind; L. _religare_.
=reme,= to tear open; ‘Which seeme (as women use) to reme my hart,
Before I come to open all my smart’, Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 25.
‘Ream’ is in prov. use in the west country; EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 2),
cites from Exmoor Scolding, 1746, ‘Chell ream my Heart to tha’ (i.e.
I’ll open my heart to thee). ME. _ryme_, to stretch (Wars Alex. 4931);
OE. _rȳman_, to make clear space, enlarge; _rūm_, space.
=reme;= see =reame.=
=remember,= to remind. Temp. i. 2. 243; Richard II, i. 3. 269;
_reflex._, to remember, ‘Now I remember me’, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 286;
Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 27.
=remembrance,= memento, love-token; ‘This was her first remembrance from
the Moor’, Othello, iii. 3. 291; iii. 4. 186; _to put in remembrance_,
to remind, BIBLE, Isaiah xliii. 26; 2 Peter i. 12.
=remerce,= to ransom by paying the fine; ‘From Owen’s jayle our cosin we
remerst’, Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 11. Cp. _amerce_, to
fine.
=remercy,= to thank. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 16. F. _remercier_, to
thank.
=remonstrance,= a representation, resemblance; ‘A remonstrance of this
battle, Where flowers shall seem to fight’, Shirley, Imposture, i. 2
(Flaviano). F. ‘_remonstrer_, to shew unto, or set before the eyes’,
(Cotgr.); O. Prov. _remostrar_, ‘montrer, démontrer’ (Levy).
=remora,= the sucking-fish, _Echeneis remora_. Spenser, Vis. of World’s
Vanity, ix. 10; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, ii. 1 (Polish). L. _remora_,
delay; the ancients believed that this fish could stay a ship’s course
by cleaving to it.
=remord,= to bite in return, to feel remorse; ‘His conscience remording
agayne the destruction of so noble a prince’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. ii, c. 5, § 11; to blame, rebuke, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 983. ME.
_remorde_, to afflict with remorse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 1491).
Anglo-F. _remordre_, to bite, devour, move to repentance (Gower, Mirour,
386, 6679, 10397).
=remorse,= sorrow, pity, compassion. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 6; Merch.
Ven. iv. 1. 20; Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, i. 1 (Constantius);
Milton, P. L. v. 566; regretful or remorseful remembrance of a thing,
Skelton, Knowledge, 29; _without remorse_, without intermission,
Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 131; ‘Without any mitigation or remorse of
voice’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 98.
=rendy,= a ‘rendezvous’; a place of meeting; ‘Th’ appointed rendy’,
Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. For F. _rendez-vous_, a subst. use of
_rendez-vous_, the 2nd pers. plur. imperative of _se rendre_, to present
oneself (at a certain place).
=reneague,= to deny, renounce. Udall, Paraph. Luke, Pref. 12; to make
denial, King Lear, ii. 2. 84; to refuse, decline, Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, iii. 650. In common prov. use in Ireland and in England in the
west country (EDD.).
=renfierst,= made more fierce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 45.
=renforst,= _pt. t._ reinforced himself, gathered his strength together.
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 14. As pp., forced again; id., ii. 10. 48.
=renge,= a rank. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 13; lf. 230, back, 29;
‘Renge, _ranc_’, Palsgrave.
=renge,= to range, arrange. Caxton, Hist. Troye, fol. 98. 26; ‘I renge,
or set in array, _je arrengie_’, Palsgrave.
=renowme,= ‘renown’. BIBLE, Gen. vi. 4, ed. 1611; ‘A man of great
renowme, _Illustris vir_’, Baret, Alvearie; Chapman, Iliad xxii, 186;
_renowmed_, ‘renowned’, BIBLE, Isaiah, xiv. 20; Ezek. xxiii. 23; Richard
III, i. 4. 49 (Qq.); ‘_Renommé_, renowmed, famous, of much note’,
Cotgrave.
=rense,= to ‘rinse’. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224. This is the
pronunc. of ‘_rinse_’ in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Rench).
See Dict.
=rent,= to rend, tear. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 215; Macb. iv. 3. 168;
‘_I rent_, I teare a thyng asonder’, Palsgrave.
=renverst,= turned upside down. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; v. 3. 37. F.
_renverser_, to reverse.
=reny,= to deny, refuse. _Renide_ (for _renied_), Mirror for Mag.,
Guidericus, st. 22. See NED. (s.v. Renay, vb. 3). F. _renier_, to deny.
=repeat,= to seek again. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 257; Tyrannic Love,
iii (Berenice); Waller, Summer Islands, iii. 64. L. _repetere_, to seek
again.
=repent,= penance. Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 1 (1867); scene 14. 15 (W.);
p. 176, col. 1 (D.). Also, repentance, Greene, The Palmer’s Ode, 34 (ed.
Dyce, p. 295).
=reprie, reprive,= to send back to prison, to remand; ‘They repryede me
to prison’, Heywood, Spider and Fly, lxxviii. 158; to reprieve, to
respite or rescue a person from impending punishment; esp. to delay the
execution of a condemned person, ‘I humbly crave your Majestie to . . .
my sonne reprive’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 31. First used in pp.,
_repryed_, cp. Anglo-F. _repris_, pp. of _reprendre_, to take back.
=repriefe,= reproof. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; iii. 8. 1. ME. _repreve_,
reproof (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2413). See =priefe.=
=reprieve,= to blame, find fault with. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 21; ‘I
repreve one, _je reprouve_’, Palsgrave. ME. _repreve_ (Chaucer, C. T. H.
70); _reprevyn_, ‘reprehendo’ (Prompt.).
=reprise, reprize,= reprisal, the act of taking something by way of
retaliation, Dryden, Hind and P. iii. 862. As vb., to take again,
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 44. F. _reprise_, a getting something back again.
=requile,= to ‘recoil’. Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 671.
=require,= to seek after. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 236; to ask, to ask
as a favour, Ant. and Cl. iii. 12. 12; Watson, Poems (ed. Arber, 159);
The Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxxviii. 16; BIBLE, 2 Sam. xii. 20. L.
_requirere_. See Bible Word-Book.
=rescous,= rescue, assistance, aid. Hall, Chron. Hen. IV, 23 (NED.);
Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 31; Spelt _rescousse_, Caxton, Jason, 39 b
(NED.). ME. _rescous_, rescue, help (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2643); OF.
_rescousse_, ‘l’action de délivrer un prisonnier que l’ennemi emmène’)
(Didot). See Dict. M. and S.
=rescussing,= a rescuing. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, xxiii. 32 (end).
=resent,= to give off a scent, exhale an odour. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 221.
See NED. (s.v. Resent, vb. 10).
=resiance,= a residence. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 119, 188);
Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 455, l. 7. See below.
=resiant;= ‘resident’, lodged, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 28; ‘Here
_resiant_ in Rome’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 3 (Lentulus); _resyants_,
pl., Oxford Records, Dec., 1534 (ed. Turner, 123). Norm. F. _reseant_,
‘habitant’ (Moisy), L. _residentem_, pres. pt. of _residere_, to sit
down, to reside.
=residence,= that which settles as a deposit, a residuum. B. Jonson,
Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Rut).
=resipiscency,= a return to a better mind, repentance. Sir T. Browne,
Letter to a Friend, § 41. L. _resipiscentia_.
=resolute,= decided, positive, final; ‘I expect now your resolute
answer’, Massinger, Picture, iv. 1.
=resolution,= certainty, positive knowledge. King Lear, i. 2. 108; a
fixed determination, Ford, Broken Heart, i. 1.
=resolve,= to dissolve, melt; ‘O! that this too too solid flesh would
melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’, Hamlet, i. 2. 130; to free
from uncertainty, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 193; iv. 2. 226; to satisfy,
Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 1 (Antinous).
=respasses,= raspberries. Herrick, To the most fair Mistris A. Soame,
20. For _resp-es-es_, _rasp-es-es_, a double plural. ‘Rasp’ is in prov.
use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See Nares.
=respective,= careful; ‘You should have been respective’, Merch. Ven. v.
1. 156; worthy of respect, Two Gent. iv. 4. 200; _respectively_,
respectfully, with due respect, Timon, iii. 1. 8; Middleton, Five
Gallants, ii. 1.
=resplendish,= to shine. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2, § 3.
OF. _resplendir_. See Croft’s note.
=rest,= a musket-rest; ‘His rest? why, has he a forked head?’, B.
Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Puntarvolo); because the
musket-rest was semicircular; ‘Like a musket on a rest’, Middleton,
Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.).
=rest,= ‘in primero, the stakes kept in reserve, which were agreed upon
at the beginning of the game, and upon the loss of which the game
terminated; the venture of such stakes’ (NED.); ‘The money he had duly
won upon a rest’, Cotton, Espernon, i. 4. 156; _fig._, ‘When I cannot
live any longer, I will do as I may: That is my rest’, Hen. V, ii. 1. 17
(Corporal Nym means, this is what I stand to win or lose). Phr. _to set
up one’s rest_, ‘to venture one’s final stake or reserve’ (NED.); hence,
_fig._, to take a decisive resolution, to be determined, ‘I have set up
my rest to run away’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 110; ‘He that sets up his rest
to do more exploits’, Com. Errors, iv. 3. 27; Middleton, Span. Gipsy,
iv. 3 (Alvarez); to place one’s fixed aim in something, ‘He seems to set
up his rest in this plenty, and the neatness of his house’, Pepys,
Diary, Jan. 19, 1663. See Nares.
=rest,= to ‘arrest’. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 11. 4 (Brainworm);
‘I reste as a sergente dothe a prisoner or his goodes, _je arreste_’,
Palsgrave. In common Scottish use, see EDD. (s.v. Rest, vb.^{2} 3).
=rest,= a ‘wrest’, a pin for winding up the strings of a harp, &c.
Skelton, Magnyfycence, 137; _wrest_, to wind up, id., Colyn Cloute, 492.
=rest-balk,= a ridge of land left unploughed between two furrows.
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 4.
=resty,= inert, loath to move, sluggish, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 263;
Cymbeline, iii. 6. 34; _resty stiff_, Edward III, iii. 3. 161. The same
word as ‘restive’ (‘restiff’). Anglo-F. _restif_ (Ch. Rol., 1256). See
Trench, Select Glossary; and Dict. (s.v. Restive).
=retchless,= reckless, careless. Drayton, Pol. vi. 270; Sackville,
Induction, st. 46. See =recheles.=
=retire,= a retreat in war. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 54; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 21;
withdrawal from the world, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 27.
=retrait, retrate,= picture, portrait; look, expression. Spenser, F. Q.
ii. 9. 4; ii. 3. 25. Cp. Span. and Port. _retrato_, a portrait, Ital.
_ritratto_.
=retray,= _reflex_, to draw back; ‘He retrayed him’, Morte Arthur, leaf
115, back, 29; bk. vii, c. 12. F. _retraire_, ‘to withdraw, draw back’
(Cotgr.); L. _retrahere_.
=retrieve:= phr. _to bring to the retrieve_, to make the hawk return to
the lure. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock).
=revault;= see =revolt.=
=reverb,= to resound, re-echo. King Lear, i. 1. 156. Cp. L.
_reverberare_, to reverberate.
=reverberate,= to burn in a furnace in which the heat was continually
driven back upon the substance operated upon. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1
(Subtle).
=reverence:= in phr. _save reverence_, used apologetically in
introducing some remark that might offend the hearer. Romeo, i. 4. 42;
‘Be it spoken with save the reverence of all women’, Harington, Metam.
Ajax (NED.). Also, _saving reverence_, ‘Who, saving your reverence, is
the divell himselfe’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 27. See Nares (s.v.
Save-reverence).
=revoke,= to recall, give up. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 517).
=revolt,= to turn back. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25; spelt _revault_, to
withdraw (words), Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iii. 4 (Philip);
_revolt_, pp. withdrawn, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 1; as sb. a rebel,
deserter, King John, v. 2. 151. See NED.
=rew,= a row. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17, 35; Fairfax, Tasso, xvii. 75.
The pronunc. of ‘row’ in the south and south-west of England (EDD.). ME.
_rewe_ (Chaucer), OE. _rǣw_ (Sweet).
=rex:= phr. _to play rex_, to play pranks; understood in the sense of,
to play the lord, to domineer (as if from L. _rex_, king; due to a
popular etymology); ‘To play such _Rex_’, (i.e. such pranks); Spenser,
State of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 659, col. 2); ‘With those did Hercules
play _rex_’ (i.e. played the master), Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, ch.
6, st. 47. See =reaks.=
=rheumatic,= suffering from catarrh or rheum, characterized by rheum.
Venus and Adonis, 135; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 105; also, Fletcher, Nice
Valour, ii. 1 (Lady).
=rhino,= money (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell).
=rhinocerical,= resembling a rhinoceros; huge, large; as a slang term,
of large means, wealthy, rich, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1
(Shamwell). See NED.
=riband.= A riband was sometimes worn in the ear, as a favour; ‘He that
bought the halfpenny riband, wearing it in his ear, swearing it was the
Duchess of Milan’s favour’, Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Meletza).
_Ribanded ears_, id., Scourge of Villainy, 167.
=ribaudrie,= ribaldry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 76; hence,
_ribaudred_, profligate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 10. 10. ME. _ribaudrie_ (P.
Plowman, C. i. 45). Anglo-F. _ribaudrie_ (Rough List).
=ribibe,= an opprobrious term for an old woman, ‘vetula’, prop. a kind
of fiddle, ‘vitula’. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Pug); _rybybe_,
Skelton, El. Rummyng, 492. It is probable that both Skelton and Jonson
took this use of the word from Chaucer (C. T. D. 1377).
=ribskin,= a leathern apron worn during the process of _ribbing_ or
scraping flax. Spelt _rybskyn_, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 299.
=rid,= to remove with violence, ‘I shall sone ryd his soule out of his
body’, Ld. Berners, Huen, xlix. 165; to destroy, Tempest, i. 2. 365; to
clear off work, dispatch, ‘Slaves did rid those Manufactures’, Bacon,
Essay 29 (ed. Arber, 483); _to rid way_, to get over the ground, move
ahead, ‘Willingness rids way’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 3. 21. ‘Rid’ is in prov.
use in various parts of England for clearing land, grubbing up
underwood, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Rid, vb.^{2} 1). Of Scand. origin, cp.
Icel. _ryðja_, to clear land, Dan. _rydde_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 2).
=rid,= to set free, deliver, save. BIBLE, Gen. xxxvii. 22; Ex. vi. 6;
Ps. lxxi (Pr. Bk.); 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 234; to acquit, ‘A judge riddeth
a persone’, Udall, Apoph., 236. OE. _hreddan_, to deliver, cp. Dan.
_redde_, G. _retten_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 1).
=rid,= to advise; ‘I rid thee, away’ (i.e. I advise thee to depart),
Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). A Scottish form, see NED. (s.v.
Rede, vb.^{1}). See =rede.=
=ridduck,= a gold coin; ‘Run for a ridduck’ (i.e. to gain a reward),
Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 134. See =ruddock= (2).
=ride,= to be drawn through the streets in a cart, subject to popular
derision; a form of punishment. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).
=rider,= a gold coin, orig. Dutch, having a horseman on the obverse,
worth about 27_s._ Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). Du. _een
goude_ _ryder_, ‘a golden coin having on one side the stamp of a man on
horseback’ (Sewel).
=ridgel,= a half-castrated animal, a male animal with imperfectly
developed organs. In common prov. use. Only found as a literary word in
Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 6 (Penurio), where it appears as a term of
abuse, ‘Yonder old Rigell, the Captaine’.
=ridstall-man,= a man whose business is to clear out or clean
cattle-stalls. Greene, James IV, first stage-direction.
=rifely,= abundantly. Hall, Sat. iv. 3. 74; frequently, Stanyhurst, tr.
of Aeneid, i. 101. ‘Rife’ in the sense of ‘abundant’, also of ‘frequent’
is still in use in Scotland, and in many parts of England. Cp. Du.
‘_rijf_, rife, or abundant; _rijfelick_, rifely, or abundantly’
(Hexham).
=riffle,= to ‘rifle’, plunder. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 681. See
Dict.
=rifle,= to play at dice, to gamble or raffle for a stake. B. Jonson,
Alchem. i. 1; Dryden, Amboyna, v. 1. Hence _rifling_, Northward Ho, v. 1
(Bellamont); Minsheu. Still in use in west Yorkshire (Dr. Joseph
Wright). Du. ‘_rijffelen_, to riffle, or who shall cast most upon the
Dice’ (Hexham).
=rig,= to search into, ransack; ‘And in the bowels of the earth
unsaciably to rig’, Golding, Metam. i. 138; ‘To . . . rig every corner’,
Gosson, Schoole of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 54).
=rigell;= see =ridgel.=
=rin,= to run. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); ‘They
ryde and rinne’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 196. A north-country form
(EDD.). ME. _ryn_, to run (Wars Alex. 1352); _rynnand_, running
(Barbour’s Bruce, iii. 684).
=rine,= ‘rind’, the outside peel or bark; ‘Bark and rine’, Middleton,
Family of Love, iii. 3. 11; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 111. So in Dorset
(Barnes’ Poems), see EDD.
=ring:= in phr. _cracked within the ring_; See =crack= (3).
=ring.= _Running at the ring_, a sport in which a tilter, riding at full
speed, endeavoured to thrust the point of his lance through, and to bear
away, a suspended ring. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Ferdinand). Also
_riding at the ring_, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).
=ringled,= provided with rings, ringed. Marlowe, Hero and Leander, ii.
143.
=ringman,= the ring finger, fourth finger. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed.
Arber, p. 109). Still in use in Cumberland, see EDD. ME. _ryngeman
fyngur_, ‘anularis’ (Cath. Angl.). In B. Jonson’s Alchemist, i. 1 (p.
243), Subtle says, ‘In chiromancy we give the fore-finger to Jove. The
ring (i.e. the ring-finger) to Sol.’ See Halliwell (s.v. Ring-finger).
=ringo-root,= an eater of eringo-root; a term of contempt. Marston,
Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 112.
=ringtail,= the female of the hen-harrier. Used _fig._ Beaumont and Fl.,
Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See NED.
=rippier, ripper,= an itinerant seller of fish; ‘Like a rippier’s legs
rolled up In boots of hay-ropes’, Chapman, Bussy d’Ambois, iii (Bussy);
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). Still in use in E. Anglia, Kent,
and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Ripp). See NED.
=rish,= a rush. Spelt _rishe_, Ascham, Scholemaster, pt. i (ed. Arber,
p. 54); pl. _rishes_, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xix, c. 2; vol. ii, p.
7A. ‘Rish’ is in common use in Ireland and in many parts of England—in
Yorks., Cheshire, also in Kent and the south-west, see EDD. (s.v. Rush,
sb.^{1} (10)). OE. _risc_ (see Oldest English Texts, p. 503).
=risp,= a twig; esp. a limed twig for catching birds. Golding, Metam.
xv. 473; fol. 185, bk. (1603); ‘_Boschetto_, a grove . . . a rispe, a
lushe or lime-twigge to catch birds’, Florio (1598). See NED. and EDD.
=risse,= _pt. t._ and _pp._ of the vb. to rise. As pt. t. pl. (OE.
_rison_), B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 2 (Cicero). As pp. (OE. _risen_),
id., iii. 2 (Cicero). The use of _risse_ for the pt. s. occurs in
Shirley, Duke’s Mistress, v. 4 (Horatio), and occasionally elsewhere.
‘Riss’ (‘ris’) is found as a prov. form for the pt. t. and pp. of ‘rise’
in Yorks., Linc., and Northants, see EDD.
=ritter,= a horse-soldier. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii. 1 (Savoy).
G. _Ritter_, a knight, lit. a ‘rider’.
=rittlerattle,= a child’s rattle. Golding, Metam. ix. 692; fol. 118
(1603); Latin text, _Sistraque_. See NED.
=rivage,= shore, bank. Hen. V, iii, chorus; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 20. F.
_rivage_.
=rive,= to fire a cannon, so as almost to burst it. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2.
29; to be split, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 35. See Dict.
=rive= [riv], for _riven_, pp. of _rive_, to tear. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11.
5 (riming with ‘give’). ‘Riv’, pp., is in prov. use in Linc. and E.
Anglia (EDD.).
=rivelled,= wrinkled; spelt _ryvilde_, More, Chron. Richard III (ed.
1883, 54), ‘Rivelled fruits’, Dryden, All for Love, Prol. 40; pleated,
gathered in small folds, ‘Capes pleated and ryveled’, Stubbes, Anat.
Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 74); twisted, Marlowe and Nashe, Dido, iii. 1
(Dido). In prov. use in Shropshire, Heref., and Dorset (EDD.). ME.
_riveled_, wrinkled (Gower, C. A. viii. 2829). OE. _rifelede_, ‘rugosus’
(Napier’s Glosses, 187. 78).
=rivo!,= an exclamation used at drinking-bouts. ‘_Rivo_, sayes the
drunkard’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 124; Massinger. Renegado, ii. 6 (Gazet). In
Portuguese ships they use the cry _Arriba! Arriba!_, ‘Up! Up!’, for
summoning sailors to their work. See Stanford.
=road,= a ‘raid’, inroad, incursion. Hen. V, i. 2. 138; Beaumont and
Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (1 Ambassador).
=roarer;= the same as =roaring boy,= q. v. Massinger, Renegado, i. 3
(Gazet); A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Brewen); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii.
102.
=roaring,= the language of ‘roarers’, or bullies. Ford, Lover’s
Melancholy, iii. 1 (Cuculus); their behaviour, Heywood, The Fair Maid,
i. 3 (Spencer).
=roaring boys,= a cant term for the insolent bloods and vapourers whose
delight was to annoy well-behaved citizens. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii.
1 (Castruccio). There was but one _roaring girl_, viz. Mary Frith, or
Moll Cutpurse, the heroine of Middleton’s play entitled The Roaring
Girl.
=Roaring-Meg.= ‘In this (Edinburgh) Castle is one of the largest Canons
in Great Britain, called Roaring-Megg’, Brome, Trav. (ed. 1707, p. 195);
Churchyard, Siege of Ed. Castle (NED.). Hence, a huge cannon, Middleton,
Blurt, Mr. Constable.
=roat;= See =rote= (2).
=rochet,= a fish; the red gurnard. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Corvino);
Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104.
=rochet,= the blunt iron head of a tilting weapon. Caxton, Hist. Troye,
lf. 124, back, 17. F. ‘_rochet_, the blunt iron head of a tilting-staff’
(Cotgr.). OF. _rochet_, ‘fer de la lance’ (Didot).
=rock,= a distaff. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (l. 5 from end);
Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 77. Still in use in the north country,
Midlands, and E. Anglia (EDD.). Icel. _rokkr_.
=rocket,= a ‘rochet’, an outer garment, a kind of cloak or mantle.
Skelton, El. Rummyng, 54; a vestment of linen, usually worn by bishops
and abbots, chiefly Scottish (NED). [‘With mitre sheen and rocquet
white’, Sir W. Scott, Marmion, vi. 11.] O. Prov. _roquet_, ‘rochet,
surplis’ (Levy); Norm. F. _roquet_, manteau court (Moisy).
=rocket,= a blunt-headed lance. Ld. Berners, Froissart, II. clxii. See
=rochet= (2).
=rockray,= a line or reef of rocks. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l.
20 from end. _Ray_ = F. _raie_, Med. L. _riga_ (Ducange).
=Roger,= a goose (Cant). Harman, Caveat, p. 83; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush,
v. 1 (Higgen). In both passages, _Tib of the buttery_ is given as
another cant name for the goose. See Halliwell.
=roile, royle,= an inferior or spiritless horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii.
76; ‘That horse which tyreth like a roile’, Gascoigne, Complaint of
Philomene (ed. Arber, 117); ‘A timorouse royle’, Sir T. Elyot, bk. i,
ch. 17 (ed. Croft, i. 178); a draught-horse of Flemish breed, ‘The
Flemish roile’, Harrison, Desc. England, iii. 1 (NED.).
=roile,= to wander, to roam about. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3
(Tibet); Golding, tr. Metam. iii. 55; ‘To royle abroad, _divagari_’,
Levins, Manip.; Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 141). ME. _roile_, to
roam about (Chaucer, C.T. D. 653, Lansd. MS.); _roylyn_ or gone ydyl
abowte, ‘vagor, discurro’ (Prompt. 436). See Notes to Piers Plowman, B.
x. 297, p. 94.
=roister, royster,= a bully, a noisy reveller; ‘Dissolute swordmen and
suburb roysters’, Milton, Eikonoklastes, iv; ‘_Rustre_, a royster,
swaggerer’, Cotgrave. Still in use in Scotland and Yorks. (EDD.). See
Dict. (s.v. Roistering).
=roisting,= the conduct of roisterers, blustering. Disobedient Child, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 300; boisterous, uproarious, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2.
208.
=roke,= to search, rummage; ‘Roking in the ashes’, Gammer Gurton’s
Needle, i. 4 (Gammer). See EDD. (s.v. Rauk, 3).
=rom,= good, phr. _rom bouse_, good wine (Cant). Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Song). See =Rom-vile.=
=romage,= bustle, commotion. Hamlet, i. 1. 107. Still in use in
Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Rummage, 6).
=rombelow=(=e,= a cry used by sailors when rowing; ‘Heve and how
rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252;
‘Some songe heve and howe rombelowe’, Cocke Lorell’s Bote. ME.
_rumbeloo_ (Coer de Lion, 2522). See NED. (s.v. Rumbelow).
=romekin,= some kind of drinking-vessel; ‘Large Saxon Romekins’,
Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). Cp. Du. _roemer_, a wine-glass
(Sewel). See NED. (s.v. Rumkin^{1}).
=Rom-vile,= a cant term for London. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Song). _Rom_, i.e. good, refers to _Rommany_, gipsy; _vile_ = F.
_ville_, town. See =rom.=
=rondure, roundure,= a circle, circular or rounded form. Dekker, O.
Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune); King John, ii. 259; Shak. Sonnets, xxi. 8.
F. _rondeur_, roundness (Cotgr.).
=ront,= a runt, an ox or cow of a small size. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb.,
5. Du. _rund_, ‘a runt, a bullock or an oxe’ (Hexham).
=ronyon;= see =runnion.=
=roodes.= In Mirror for Mag., Harold, st. 23, apparently used in the
sense of ‘crosses’, vexations.
=rook,= _reflex_, to crouch, squat; ‘The raven rook’d her on the
chimney’s top’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 47. Still in use in various parts of
England; see EDD. (s.v. Rook, vb.^{3}). ME. _rouken_ (Chaucer). See
=rucke.=
=room,= widely. _Roomer_, more widely, farther away, Sir J. Harington on
Bishops (Nares). OE. _rūme_, widely. See NED. (s.v. Room, adv.).
=roome mort, rome mort,= a great lady, lady of high rank (Cant). B.
Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘_Rome mort_, the quene’,
Harman, Caveat, p. 84. _Rome_, excellent (in Rommany); See =mort= (2).
=rope:= in phr. _to run upon the ropes_, to act the part of a
rope-dancer, Puritan Widow, iv. 3. 41.
=roperipe,= ripe for the rope, fit for being hanged. Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 92. 3; Chapman, May Day, iii; Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique; Minsheu; see
Nares.
=ropery,= knavery. Romeo, ii. 4. 154; Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 1
(Landlady); cp. _roper_, ‘one who deserves the rope’ (NED.);
rope-tricks, knave’s tricks, Taming Shrew, i. 2. 112.
=rosa solis,= i.e. ‘Rose of the Sun’, an alcoholic cordial variously
flavoured with spices; ‘Run for some _Rosa-solis_’, Beaumont and Fl.,
Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (Martha); T. Cogan, Haven of Health, 226;
Middleton, Blurt, iii. 3; name of a herb, ‘The herb called _Rosa-Solis_,
whereof they make Strong Waters’, Bacon, Nat. Hist., Cent. v, § 495. See
Stanford.
=rosaker,= alteration of _rosalger_, realgar, disulphide of arsenic; ‘A
tabacco-pipe . . . little better than ratsbane or rosaker’, B. Jonson,
Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (Cob). Port. _rosalgár_, ‘réalgar, sulfure
d’arsenic’ (Roquette); Span. _rejalgar_; ‘le terme signifie propremont
_poudre de caverne_, et je suppose qu’on a donné ce nom à l’arsenic,
parce qu’on le tirait des mines d’argent’, Dozy, Glossaire des Mots
dérivés de l’Arabe, p. 332.
=rose.= The three-farthing pieces of Queen Elizabeth were very thin, and
had the profile of the sovereign with a rose at the back of the head;
see King John, i. 143. ‘Yes, ’tis three-pence, I smell the rose’,
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, Pt. I, iii. 4 (Firk).
=rose,= a rosette; a knot of ribands, worn on the front of a shoe.
Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41; Devil’s Law-case, ii.
1 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 2 (Pug).
=rose-noble,= a variety of the noble, stamped with a rose, of varying
value; sometimes worth 16_s_. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4
(Captain).
=roset,= roseate, rosy. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 591 (L. _purpureum_);
vii. 26 (L. _roseis_).
=rosiall,= rosy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (first ed.
1531). [I suggest that the name ‘Rosiall’, occurring thrice in the poem
called the Courte of Love, was suggested by this passage; and that the
Courte of Love was later than 1581, and later than Thynne’s Chaucer, ed.
1532.]
=rosiere,= a rose-bush. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 19. F. _rosier_ (Cotgr.);
L. _rosarium_; from _rosa_, a rose.
=ros-marine,= rosemary; ‘Wholesome dew, called ros-marine’, B. Jonson,
Masque of Blackness (Æthiopia). L. _rosmarinum_, rosemary, lit. marine
dew (Pliny). F. _rosmarin_, rosemarie (Cotgr.). See Alphita, p. 155
(s.v. Ros marinus).
=rost:= in phr. _to rule the rost_, to be absolute in authority, to
domineer. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 813; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 429. See
=rule the roast.=
=rote,= a musical instrument, a lyre. Spenser, ii. 10. 3; iv. 9. 6. ME.
_rote_, a kind of fiddle (Chaucer), OF. _rote_ (Didot), O. Prov. _rota_,
‘rote, instrument à cordes’ (Levy), also OHG. _rota_ (Schade); probably
of Celtic origin, cp. O. Irish _crot_, a harp, lyre; Mod. Irish _cruit_
(Dinneen), whence ME. _croude_ (Wyclif, Luke xv. 25). See Dict.
=rote, roat,= to repeat, as an echo does; to repeat a tune or song.
Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi (Melanthus, 8); ‘The echoes . . .
each to other diligently rotes’, id., David and Goliath.
=rother,= a ‘rudder’; hence, controlling power. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid,
vi. 859; Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 12. ME. _rother_ (Gower, C. A.
ii. 2494); OE. _rōðer_, a steering-paddle.
=rouke,= to squat, crouch, used _fig._; ‘Bookes that happlye rouke in
studentes mewes’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, Ded. (ed. Arber, 7). See
=rucke.=
=rouncival, rownseval,= huge, gigantic, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii.
690 (with reference to the Cyclopean monsters); spelt _rounceval_, a
woman of large build and boisterous manners, Heywood, Golden Age, A. ii
(Jupiter); Nashe, Saffron Walden (Grosart, iii. 52). See =runcival
pease.=
=round,= to whisper. King John, ii. 1. 566. In prov. use in England and
Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Roun). ME. _rownen_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 241);
OE. _rūnian_.
=round,= a dance in which the performers move in a ring; a song by two
or more persons in turn. Macbeth, iv. 1. 130; Fletcher, Faithful
Shepherdess, i. 2 (Thenot).
=round:= phr. _gentlemen of the round_, soldiers whose business it was
to go round and inspect the sentinels and watches. B. Jonson, Every Man
in Hum. iii. 5 (E. Knowell); ‘The round? an excellent way to train up
soldiers’, Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (near the end).
=round,= plain-spoken, direct. Middleton, A Mad World, i. 2 (Harebrain);
Twelfth Night, ii. 3. 104; Hamlet, iii. 1. 192.
=roundly,= readily, without hesitation or preface. Taming Shrew, iii. 2.
216; iv. 4. 108; v. 2. 21; Richard II, ii. 1. 122; ‘Will come off
roundly’ (i.e. will pay handsomely), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 2
(Latrocinio); in a plain outspoken manner, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby,
59). Still in prov. use (EDD.).
=rous,= with a bounce, bang! Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 2 (Bayes).
‘Rouse’ (pronounced with voiceless _s_), meaning ‘noisily’, ‘with a
crash’, is in prov. use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.).
=rouse,= a bumper, a full draught of liquor; ‘I have took a rouse or two
too much’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 4. 10; a drinking
bout, Hamlet, i. 2. 126; Marlowe, Faustus, iii. 4. 20. Norw. dial.
_ruus_, a headache from drinking (Aasen); Dan. _rus_, intoxication:
_sove rusen ud_, to sleep out one’s drunken fit; see Larsen; cp. Du.
_roes_: ‘_eenen roes drinken_, to drink till one is fuddled; _hy heeft
eenen roes weg_, he is fuddled’ (Sewel).
=rout,= a number of animals going together; ‘Of fallow beasts the
company is called an _heard_, and of blacke beasts it is called a rout,
or a sounder’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100. Norm. F. _route_,
‘troupe’ (Moisy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Route).
=rout,= to assemble together. Roister Doister, iv. 7. 2; Bacon, Life of
Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 66). See Dict. M. and S.
=rove,= to shoot with arrows at a mark selected at pleasure or at
random, and not of any fixed distance. Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 122; Warner,
Albion’s England, ii. 9. 39; Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; ‘She rovde at me
with glauncing eye’, Shep. Kal., Aug., 79; to shoot an arrow without
fixed aim, ‘Manie bowlts were roved after him’, Harington in Nugae Ant.
(NED.); _a rovynge marke_, a mark placed at an uncertain distance,
Ascham, Toxophilus, 145; _rovers_, arrows used for this kind of
shooting, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Masque 2 (Cupid); _to shoot at
rovers_, to shoot at random, ‘Love’s arrows are but shot at rovers’,
Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 941; ‘Cato talked at rovers’ (i.e. at random),
Udall, tr. Apoph., Pompey, § 14.
=rowel,= to insert a circular piece of leather, with a hole in the
centre, into a wound, to cause a discharge of humours; to insert a kind
of seton; ‘He has been ten times rowelled’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful
Lady, iii. 2 (Young Loveless).
=rowen,= the second growth of grass in a season, the aftermath, eddish;
the second crop of hay. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 25; Worlidge, Syst.
Agric.; Blount, Glossogr. (s.v. Edish); _rowen grass_, Holland, Pliny,
xviii. 28; _rowen hay_, id., _rowen partridge_, a partridge frequenting
a field of ‘rowen’, id., Plutarch’s Morals, 570 (NED.); also _rowen_,
‘As for the partridges . . . the old rowens full subtilly seeme to
wait’, id., 219. The word ‘rowen’ in various forms is in prov. use from
Linc. and Worc. to Kent and Hants. (EDD.). ME. _raweyne hey_, ‘fenum
serotinum’ (Prompt.); _rewayn_ (in Bp. Hatfield’s Survey, ann. 1382,
Surtees, 170). Norm.F. *_rewain_ (mod. Picard _rouain_) = F. _regain_;
_gaïn_ = Romanic type _guadīmen_, _wadīmen_, of Germ. origin, cp. OHG.
_weida_, pasture (Schade). See Thomas, Essais Phil. Fr. (s.v. Regain),
p. 371.
=royal,= a gold coin of the value of ten shillings, in Shaks., not
expressly mentioned, but alluded to by way of punning, Richard II, v. 5.
67; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 157; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 28.
=royne,= to grumble, to murmur discontentedly; ‘Yet did he murmure with
rebellious sound and softly royne’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 33. A
north-country word (EDD.). See NED.
=royne,= to pare away, curtail, alter. Phaer, Aeneid x, 35 (L. _Flectere
iussa_). OF. _roignier_, to cut so as to round off. See =proine= (to
prune).
=roynish,= scurvy, poor. As You Like It, ii. 2. 8; rough, coarse,
Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. Cp. F. ‘_rongneux_, scurvie, mangy’;
‘_rongne_, the mange’ (Cotgr.); mod. F. _rogne_, _rogneux_.
=rub,= in a card-game, to take all the cards in a suit. Heywood, A Woman
killed, iii. 2 (Wendoll); with a quibbling reference to _rob_;
‘_Piller_, to rub, or rob, at cards’, Cotgrave.
=ruck,= a huge fabulous bird, supposed to be bred in Madagascar.
Drayton, Noah’s Flood (footnote—the mighty Indian bird); Burton, Anat.
Mel. ii. 2. 2; Herrick, Misc. Poems, 7 (NED.). Arab. _rukhkh_. See
Stanford (s.v. Roc).
=ruck,= to belch forth, utter. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 488. L.
_ructare_. See NED.
=rucke,= to couch, squat; ‘On the house did rucke A cursed owle’,
Golding, Metam. xv. 400; Warner, Albion’s England, vii. 37. 121. Still
in use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Ruck, vb.^{5}). ME.
_rukkyn_ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1851). See =rook, rouke.=
=ruddock,= the redbreast or robin. Spenser, Epithal. 82; Cymbeline, iv.
2. 224. In common prov. use in Scotland, and in many parts of England
(EDD.). ME. _ruddok_ (Prompt), OE. _rudduc_.
=ruddock,= a gold coin. Sir John Oldcastle, i. 2. 158; London Prodigal,
ii. 1. 36; Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1. See Nares.
=rudesby,= an unmannerly or boorish person. Golding, Metam. v. 583; fol.
64, back (1603).
=ruelle,= the space in a bedroom between the bed and the wall. Etherege,
Man of Mode, iv. 2 (Sir Fopling); Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1
(Wildair). ME. _ruel_ (P. Plowman, C. x. 79); F. ‘_ruelle: la ruelle du
lict_, the space between the bed and the wall’ (Cotgr.).
=ruffe,= ‘the Card-game called Ruffe or Trump’, so Cotgrave (s.v.
Triomphe); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch); the trump card, ‘the Ruff at
Cards, _Charta dominatrix_’, Coles, Eng.-Lat. Dict., 1699. Ital.
_ronfa_, a card-game (Florio), perhaps a popular corruption of
_trionfo_; F. ‘_triomphe_, a Trump at cards’ (Cotgr.).
=ruffe,= the highest pitch of some exalted or excited condition; ‘Wher
is all the ruffe of thy gloriousnes become?’, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef.
Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 49); excitement, passion, fury, Golding, Metam.
xiii. 296 (NED.); Gascoigne (ed. Arber, ii. 94).
=ruffin,= the name of a fiend, Chester Plays, v. 166; the Devil,
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); ‘I sweare by the Ruffin’,
Brome, Jovial Crew, ii (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 389).
=ruffin,= a ruffian, a man of brutal character, Plot, Staffordshire.
291; as adj., appropriate to a ruffian, ‘His ruffin raiment’, Spenser,
F. Q. i. 4. 34.
=ruffler,= one of a class of vagabonds prevalent in the 16th century.
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.
=ruffmans,= a cant term for a hedge. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Trapdoor). See =darkmans.=
=ruffpeck,= bacon (Cant). ‘_Ruff peck_, bacon’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83;
‘Here’s ruffpeck and casson’ (i.e. bacon and cheese), Brome, Jovial
Crew, ii. 1 (Song).
=rug-gown,= a gown made of rug or coarse frieze; worn by watchmen;
hence, allusively, a watchman; ‘There a whole stand of rug-gowns routed
manly’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); also, worn by
astrologers, ‘You sky-staring coxcombs . . . you are good for nothing
but to . . . make rug-gowns dear’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. iii.
2 (Sordido); Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Lampatho).
=rule,= course of proceeding, line of conduct. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 132.
ME. _rule_, conduct (York Myst. xxvi. 34).
=rule,= disorder, stir, riot; ‘What a rule is there! _Quid turbae
est!_’, W. Walker, Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 381; ‘Such rule and ruffle make
the rowte that cum to see our geare’, Drant, Horace, Ep. ii. 1; ‘What a
reul’s here. You make a nice reul’, Thorseby, Letter to Ray (EDD.).
‘Reul’ (or ‘Rule’) appears in EDD. as a north-country word, meaning to
behave in a rude, disorderly manner. It is identical with the prov. word
‘roil’, to be noisy, boisterous, turbulent, see EDD. (s.v. Roil, vb.^{2}
1).
=rule the roast,= to be absolute master; ‘I am my lady’s cook, and king
of the kitchen; where I rule the roast, command imperiously, and am a
very tyrant in my office’, Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). The
origin of the phrase is obscure; but it may easily have arisen, as here
suggested, from the sway exercised by a master-cook; the same phrase is
used of a cook by Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46).
=ruless,= rule-less, unruly. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 431.
=ruly,= orderly, law-abiding, amenable to law. Warner, Alb. England, bk.
ix, ch. 40, st. 20.
=rumbelo,= rumbling, resounding; ‘Great bouncing rumbelo thund’ring
Ratleth’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 101. See =rombelow=(=e==.=
†=rumming= (?); ‘Much like a rumming streame’, Twyne, Aeneid x, 603 (L.
_torrentis aquae_).
=run at the ring;= See =ring= (2).
=runcival pease,= runcival peas, peas of a large size, Tusser,
Husbandry, § 41. 9. See =rouncival.=
=rundle,= applied to the spherical surface of the earth. Lyly, Woman in
the Moon, i. 1. 11. Hence _rundled_, circular, Chapman, tr. of Iliad,
vii. 239.
=runnion= (=ronyon=), an abusive term applied to a woman. Macbeth, i. 3.
6; Merry Wives, iv. 2. 195.
=rush-buckler,= a swash-buckler, noisy ruffian; ‘Stoute bragging
russhe-bucklers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 82).
=rushes,= with which floors were strewed, before the introduction of
carpets. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 1.
=russeting,= a kind of ruddy apple. Chapman, The Ball, ii. 1 (Barker).
See Dict. (s.v. Russet).
=russet-pated;= ‘Russet-pated choughs’, with heads of a reddish-brown
colour, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 21.
=rutter,= a cavalry soldier, esp. a German one; ‘You are a Rutter, borne
in Germanie’, Kyd, Sol. and Pers. i. 3; ‘Almain rutters’, Marlowe,
Faustus, i. 1 (Valdes); ‘Regiment of rutters’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s
Prize, i. 4 (Sophocles). Du. _ruiter_, a trooper, horseman (Sewel); cp.
O. Prov. _rotier_, a trooper, half soldier, half robber; _rota_, a band
of men, a troop (Appel); Med. L. _rupta_ ‘cohors’ (Ducange, s.v.
Rumpere, p. 237, col. 3).
=ruttock,= a staff, stick. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, §
10; _rottocke_, id., Diogenes, § 116.
=rutty,= full of ‘roots’ of trees. Spenser, Prothalamion, 12.
=rye-strew,= a straw of rye; applied derisively to a heavy weapon.
Heywood. Four Prentises (Eustace), vol. ii, p. 203.
S
=sack,= a loose kind of gown worn by ladies. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed.
Dyce, p. 516).
=sackage, saccage,= the act of sacking (a city, &c.); ‘The saccage of
Carthage’, Holland, tr. Pliny, I. xv. 18. 443; _to saccage_, to sack or
plunder, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 24, p. 63. Fr. _saccager_, to sack,
ransack, pillage (Cotgr.).
=sackful,= given to plundering; ‘Sackful troops’, Mirror for Mag.,
Robert, D. of Normandy, st. 40; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 601.
=sackless,= guiltless, innocent, Greene, Isabel’s Sonnet, l. 9 (ed.
Dyce, p. 299); _sakeles_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 379. In common prov. use
in the north country (EDD.). ME. _sakless_, innocent (Barbour’s Bruce,
xx. 175). OE. _saclēas_, free from charge, guiltless (Matt. xxviii. 14,
Lind.).
=sacrament,= an oath. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cat.). L.
_sacramentum_, the military oath of allegiance; also, an oath, a solemn
engagement.
=sacring-bell,= the small bell rung at the elevation of the host. Hen.
VIII, iii. 2. 295. Deriv. of the vb. _sacre_, to consecrate the elements
in the Eucharist, ‘I sacre, I halowe, _Je sacre_’, Palsgrave. ME.
_sacryn_ or halwyn, ‘consecro’ (Prompt.).
=sad,= settled, steadfast, constant. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 45;
‘Settled in his face I see Sad resolution and secure’, Milton, P. L. vi.
541; grave, serious, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 23. 5; grave, sober (of
attire), F. Q. i. 10. 7. ME. _sad_ or sobyr, ‘maturatus, agelastes’
(Prompt.).
=sadness,= seriousness, gravity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 77. ME. _sadnesse_
in poorte and chere, ‘soliditas, maturitas’ (Prompt.).
=safe,= to make safe, to secure. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 55; _saft_, pt. t.,
Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 291; pp., id., 444.
=safeguard,= an outer skirt worn by women to protect their dress when
riding; ‘Enter _Moll_, in a frieze jerkin and a black safeguard’,
Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1
(Marine). Formerly in prov. use in the west country in Devon, pronounced
‘seggard’; see (EDD.) (s.v. Safeguard). See Nares.
=saffo,= a serjeant, catchpole. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.); v. 8
(1 Avoc). Ital. ‘_zaffo_ (_saffo_), a common serjeant or base
catch-pole, specially in Venice’ (Florio).
=sag=(=g,= to sink or subside gradually; ‘The Elme and the Ash are
tough, howbeit they will soone settle downward and sag, being charged
with any weight’, Holland, Pliny, i. 492; _fig._ (of the mind), ‘The
minde I sway by . . . shall never sagge with doubt’, Macbeth, v. 3. 10;
_sagge_, hanging or sagging down, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 27. In gen.
prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Sag, vb.^{2}). ME.
_saggyn_ (Prompt.).
=sagg,= to drag oneself along wearily or feebly. Drayton, Pol. xvi. 219;
Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 283. Norw. dial. _sagga_, to walk heavily and
slowly from weariness (Ross).
=saine,= _pr. pl._, they say. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 55. ME. _seien_,
pr. pl. P. Plowman).
=saint,= a card-game; see =cent.=
=Saint Nicholas’ clerk,= a highwayman. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 67; Rowley, A
Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Randall). See Nares (s.v. Nicholas).