=nock,= a notch at the end of a bow, or in the head of an arrow; ‘The

nocke of the shafte’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 127). Also, the

cleft of the buttocks, Butler, Hud. i. 1. 285. Du. _nock_, ‘a notch in

the head of an arrowe’ (Hexham). See Nares.

=nock,= (perhaps) a notch. The phr. _much in my nock_ seems to mean

‘much in my line’, ‘very suitable for me’, Triumphs of Love and Fortune

(last speech but one of Lentulo), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 242. So also

_beyond the nock_, above or beyond measure, ‘He commendeth hym by yonde

the nocke, _Il le prise oultre bort_, or _oultre mesure_’, Palsgrave.

=noddy,= a simpleton. Two Gent. i. 1. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).

=noddy,= a card-game. Heywood, Woman killed with Kindness (Wendell); B.

Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); Westward Ho, iv. 1 (Birdlime); Northward

Ho, ii. 1 (Liverpool). See Nares.

=nog,= a kind of strong beer, brewed in East Anglia, esp. in Norfolk;

‘Walpole laid a quart of nog on’t’, Swift, Upon the Horrid Plot, &c.,

31; ‘Here’s a Norfolk nog’, Vanbrugh, A Journey to London, i. 1 (John

Moody). See EDD. (s.v. Nog(g)).

=noise,= a company of musicians, a band. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13; Beaumont

and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iii. 1. 4. Common. The phrase _Sneak’s

noise_ (2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13) is copied by Heywood, Iron Age

(Thersites), vol. iii, p. 312.

=nones:= phr. _for the nones_ = _for then ones_, for the once, for the

occasion. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9; B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. i

(Nano). See Dict. (s.v. Nonce).

=nook-shotten,= provided with capes and necks of land; ‘That

nook-shotten isle of Albion’, Hen. V, iii. 5. 14. See the quotations in

NED.

=noonstead,= the sun’s place at noon; the meridian. Spelt _noonestede_,

Sackville, Induction, st. 7; ‘Now it nigh’d the noonstead of the day’,

Drayton, Mooncalf (Nares). ‘Noonstead’ for the point of noon is known in

north Yorks. (EDD).

=nope,= a bull-finch. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 74; ‘A Nope (bird),

_rubicilla_’, Coles, 1679; ‘_Chochepierre_, a kind of nowpe or bullfinch

that feeds on the kernels of cherri-stones’, Cotgrave. In prov. use. in

various parts of England (EDD.). See =awbe.=

=noppe,= nap of cloth. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 453. Du. _noppe_, nap

(Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Nap.^{2}).

=noppy,= ‘nappy’ (as ale), having a head, strong. Skelton, El. Rummyng,

102. ‘Nappy’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See

above.

=nosel;= see =nuzzle.=

=nose-thrilles,= nostrils. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75. 3; § 84. 2. OE.

_nosþyrel_, nostril.

=n’ot,= know not. _I not_, I know not, Gascoigne, Complaint of

Philomene, 114. ME. _noot_ (_not_), 1 and 3 pr. s., I know not, he knows

not (Chaucer); OE. _nāt_ (for _ne wāt_).

=notted,= without horns; ‘A lamb . . . it is notted’ (footnote, without

horns), Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 87. In prov. use we find

‘notted’ (‘knotted’, ‘natted’) meaning hornless, gen. of sheep; also

‘not’, hornless, of sheep or cattle, see EDD. (s.v. Not, adj.).

=nott-headed,= having head with hair cropped short. Chapman, Widow’s

Tears, i (Tharsalio); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 3 (Preamble). ME.

_not-heed_, a head with hair cropped short (Chaucer, C. T. A. 109); see

Skeat’s Notes in Complete Edition. OE. _hnot_, bald-headed, close-cut

(Sweet).

=noulde,= would not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., February, 192. ME. _nolde_

(Chaucer); OE. _nolde_ (for _ne wolde_).

=noule;= see =nowl.=

=nourry,= a foster-child. Sir E. Wingfield, Letter to Wolsey (NED.);

_nourie_, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth, &c., st. 4; _noorie_, id.,

Epit., &c., 60; id., Ovid’s Epistle, x (NED.) F. _nourri_, nourished,

nurtured.

=nousle up;= See =nuzzle= (2).

=novel,= news; ‘The novell’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv (Jupiter); vol.

iii, p. 55; Iron Age, Part II, A. ii (Soldier); p. 373. See Nares.

=novum,= an old game at dice, played by five or six persons, the

principal throws being nine and five. L. L. L. v. 2. 547; ‘Change your

game for dice; We are full number for _Novum_’, Cook, Greene’s Tu

Quoque; in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 551, col. 1; spelt _novem_, A Woman

never vexed, ii. 1. 5. The ‘full number’ in this company was _six_; the

two principal throws were _nine_ and _five_. The game was properly

called _novem quinque_ (Douce); see Nares.

=nowl,= the crown of the head; the head. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 17;

_noule_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39. In prov. use (EDD.). OE. _hnoll_,

the top, summit, crown of the head. See Dict. (s.v. Noule).

=nowl,= a blockhead. Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 113.

=nowle,= a mole-hill. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 17.

=nown,= own. _Mine own_ became _my nown_; hence _his nowne_ = his own;

Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 49. See Nares.

=noy,= annoyance, vexation. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, pp. 522, 532);

_noy_, to annoy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; _noyance_, annoyance, id., i.

1. 23; _noyous_, troublesome (NED.). See Nares.

=noyfull,= harmful, disagreeable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 24,

§ 2.

=nuddle,= to beat, to pummel. Rawlins, The Rebellion, iv. 1 (Trotter).

=nuddock,= the nape of the neck. Phaer, Aeneid vii, 742. ‘Nuddick’ is

the Cornish word for the back of the neck, see EDD. (s.v. Niddick).

=nullifidian,= a man of no faith, a sceptic in matters of religion. B.

Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer).

=numbles,= certain inward parts of a deer; part of the back and loins of

a hart; ‘Noumbles of a dere or beest, _entrailles_’, Palsgrave; Sir T.

Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 7; _nomblis_, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 7

b. F. _nombles d’un cerf_, ‘the numbles of a stag’ (Cotgr.); OF.

_nomble_ (Godefroy). See Dict. And see =umbles.=

=numerical,= particular, individual; ‘Not only of the specifical, but

numerical forms’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. i, § 33. Also (with

_same_ or _very_) identical, ‘That very numerical lady’, Dryden,

Marriage à la Mode, ii. 1 (Palamede); also in form _numerick_, ‘The same

numerick crew’, Butler, Hud. i. 3. 461.

=nup,= a simpleton; ‘The vilest nup’, Brewer, Lingua, ii. 1 (end).

=nupson,= a simpleton. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brainworm);

id., Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug).

=nursle,= to nurse; ‘To have a Bastard . . . nursled i’ th’ Countrey’,

Brome; Eng. Moor, iii. 3 (NED.); _noursle up_, to train up, Spenser, F.

Q. vi. 4. 35. See =nuzzle.=

=nurt, nort,= to push with the horns. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 28;

_nort_, to push toward, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. viii, ch. 21. _Nurt_,

possibly related to OF. _hurter_ (F. _heurter_), to push.

=nuzzle,= to poke or push with the nose; ‘I nosyll as a swyne dothe, _je

fouille du museau_’, Palsgrave spelt _nousle_, Venus and Ad. 1115; to

nestle close to a person, Heywood, Pleas. Dial. (Wks., ed. 1874, vi.

201); Marston, What you will, iii. 2 (Albano). Cp. Du. _neuselen_, to

poke with the nose (Kilian).

=nuzzle,= to train, educate, nurture (freq. with _up_). Marston,

Antonio’s Revenge, Prol. 16; Drayton, Pol. xi. 180; _nosel_, Nice

Wanton, Prol. 9, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 163; _nousle up_, Spenser, F.

Q. i. 6. 23; _noursle up_, F. Q. vi. 4. 35; _nuzled in_, pp. trained in,

Holinshed, Chron. iii. 1225 (NED.); _nusled in_, New Customs, iii. 1;

Light of Gospel (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 44). See NED. See =nursle.=

=nycibecetour,= a dainty dame, a fashionable girl; ‘Nycibecetours, or

denty dames’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 120; _nicibecetur_,

Roister Doister, i. 4. 12.

=nye,= to draw nigh, approach. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 316; ‘We shall

nyghe the towne’, Palsgrave, 644.

=nyefe;= see =neif.=

†=nysot,= a wanton girl. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1244. Not found

elsewhere.

O

=O,= a round spot; a circle; ‘This wooden O’ (i.e. circular space), Hen.

V, Prol. 13; Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 81. See =oes.=

=oade,= woad. B. Jonson, Poetaster, ii. 1 (Albius).

=oatmeals,= a set of riotous and profligate young men (Cant); ‘Roaring

boys and oatmeals’, Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song).

=Ob and Soller,= a dabbler in scholastic logic; one who deals with _obs_

(objections) and _sols_ (solutions) in disputations; ‘To pass for deep

and learned Scholars, although but paltry Ob and Sollers’, Butler, Hud.

iii. 2. 1242.

=obarni,= in full _Mead obarni_, i.e. ‘scalded mead’, a drink used in

Russia; ‘Hum, Meath and Obarni’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.).

Russ. _obvarnyi_, scalded.

=oblatrant,= railing, reviling. One of the words ridiculed by B. Jonson,

Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus). L. _oblatrare_, to bark at.

=obley,= a little cake of bread, prepared for consecration in the

celebration of the Eucharist, the sacramental wafer; ‘The kyng shall

offre an obbley of brede . . . with the whiche obleye after consecrate

the king shall be howseld’, Devyse, Coron. Hen. VIII (NED.); spelt

_ubblye_, Morte Arthur, leaf 360. 6; bk. xvii, ch. 20. ME. _obly_ or

_ubly_. ‘nebula’ (Prompt. EETS. 312, see note, no. 1528); _obeley_

‘oblata’ (Voc. 598. 24). OF. _oublee_, ‘hostie’ (Didot), Med. L.

_oblata_, ‘panis ad sacrificium oblatus, hostia nondum consecrata’

(Ducange).

†=obliquid,= directed obliquely. Only in Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 54.

=obnoxious,= exposed to; ‘The having them obnoxious to ruin’, Bacon,

Essay 36, § 3; submissive, ‘In consort, men are more obnoxious to

others’ humours’, id., Essay 20, § 6; ‘They that are envious towards all

are obnoxious and officious towards one’, id., Essay 44, § last; Dryden,

ii. 1 (Emperor). L. _obnoxius_, lit. exposed to harm, also, exposed to

the power of another, hence, submissive.

=obsequies,= funeral rites, a funeral. 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 147. Anglo-F.

_obsequies_ (Rough List), Med. L. _obsequiae_, ‘exequiae funebres’

(Ducange).

=obsequious,= dutiful in performing funeral obsequies, or in manifesting

regard for the dead; ‘To shed obsequious teares upon this Trunke’, Titus

And. v. 3. 152; ‘To do obsequious Sorrow’, Hamlet, i. 2. 92;

_obsequiously_, in the manner of a mourner, ‘I obsequiously lament’,

Richard III, i. 2. 3.

=obtrect,= to disparage. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Usher). L.

_obtrectare_.

=occupy,= to make use of; ‘Sondrie wares, . . . that men did commonly

occupy’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 67; to trade, Luke xix. 13;

‘They dyd dwell amonges them . . . occupying with them verye

familiarly’, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 31). See Bible Word-Book. But

often used in an indecent sense, till the word became odious, as Shak.

notes, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 161.

=occurrent,= occurrence, event. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 68 and

181); BIBLE, 1 Kings v. 4.

=odible,= hateful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 12, § last;

Fabyan, Chron., bk. i, c. 8. L. _odibilis_.

=œillade,= an amorous glance. Merry Wives, i. 3. 68. F. _œillade_

(Cotgr.), deriv. of _œil_, an eye.

=o’er-hill’d,= covered over. B. Jonson, Masque of Beauty (January). See

=hill.=

=oes,= bright round spots. Bacon, Essay 36; stars, Mids. Night’s D. iii.

2. 188; _O’s_, small metallic spangles, as in ‘embroidered with _O’s_’,

B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 3.

=oil:= _oil of angels_, oil of gold coins (i.e. coin employed in

bribes). Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer). _Oil of ben_ (or

_been_), oil from the _ben-nut_, or winged seed of the horse-radish tree

(_Moringa pterygosperma_). Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (Ricardo). Arab,

_bân_, the horseradish tree, or ben-nut. See Stanford (s.v. Ben). _Oil

of devil_, a ‘momentous preparation’ of unknown ingredients. Beaumont

and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iii. 3 (Leontius). _Oil of height_, the

red elixir, a red oil, fabled to transmute other metals into gold. B.

Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). _Oil of luna_, the white elixir, for

transmuting other metals into silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

_Oil of mace_, oil from the spice called _mace_; but with a punning

reference to the mace borne by a serjeant who arrested a prisoner.

Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Sir B.). _Oil of talc_, a cosmetic, said

to have been obtained from talc. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle);

Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Shave ’em).

=old,= great, plentiful, abundant; ‘Old utis’, high merriment, 2 Hen.

IV, iv. 2. 22; ‘Ould filching’, abundant stealing, Arden of Fev. ii. 2.

53. ‘Old’ is used as an intensitive in many parts of England and

Scotland, e.g. in Cheshire ‘old doings’ signify great sport, great

merriment, an uncommon display of hospitality, see EDD. (s.v. Old, 11).

ME. ‘gode olde fyghtyng’, Bone Florence, 681 (NED.).

=old,= a country pronunc. of ‘wold’, plain open country. King Lear, iii.

4. 125; also _ould_, Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 38.

=oilet-hole,= an ‘eyelet-hole’, a small round hole worked in cloth.

Shirley, Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); Gent. of Venice, iii. 1. 7. F.

_œillet_, a little eye, an eilet-hole (Cotgr.). From F. _œil_, an eye.

See NED. (s.v. Oillet).

=olfact,= to smell; a pedantic form. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742. L.

_olfactus_, pp. of _olfacere_, to smell.

=oliphant,= elephant. Heywood, Brazen Age (Meleager), vol. iii, p. 187.

ME. _oliphant_ (Kingis Quair, 156); Anglo-F. _olifant_ (Ch. Rol. 3119),

_oliphant_ (Bozon, 19).

=olla podrida,= a medley. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Roscius

solus). Span. _olla podrida_ (lit. rotten pot), a dish composed of many

kinds of meats and vegetables stewed or boiled together; for detailed

account of ingredients, see Stevens.

=on cai me on;= ‘Bid _on cai me on_, farewell’, Marlowe, Faustus, 40

(ed. Tucker Brooke). Gk. ὂν καὶ μὴ ὄν, existence and non-existence

(Aristotle). The meaning is, Bid farewell to Aristotle and philosophy.

=on-end:= phr. _still on-end_, continually. Mirror for Mag.,

Northumberland, st. 17. See =an-end.=

=on gog,= ‘a-gog’, in eagerness, full of eagerness. Gascoigne, Grief of

Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 288; _to set on gog_, to excite, make eager,

Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, x (NED.).

=on hight,= aloud, in a high voice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 45. ME. _on

highte_: ‘And spak thise same wordes al on highte’ (Chaucer, C. T. A.

1784).

=one,= alone, _solus_; ‘I one of all other’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby,

170); _his one_, his own, ‘Then was she judged Triamond his one’,

Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 21.

†=oneyers;= ‘Burgomasters and great oneyers’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 84.

Meaning doubtful; perhaps persons who converse with great ones

(Schmidt).

=only,= alone; ‘Th’ only breath him daunts’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 13;

especial, ‘Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread’, id., i. 7. 50; ‘His

onely hart-sore and his onely foe’, id., ii. 1. 2.

=onsay,= a saying of ‘On!’, the word to advance, the signal to start.

New Custom, ii. 2, l. 10 from end; see NED.

=ontwight;= see =untwight.=

=operance,= operation, action. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 3. 73.

=operant,= operative, active. Hamlet, iii. 2. 184; Webster, Appius, v. 3

(Virginius); Heywood, The Royal King, i. 1 (King); vol. vi, p. 6.

†=ophic,= (?) relating to serpents; ‘Resolve To ophic powder’, Lady

Alimony, ii. 3 (Morisco). The sense is doubtful.

=oppignorate,= to pawn, to pledge. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 91). L.

_oppignerare_, to pledge; from _pignus_, a pledge.

=optic,= a magnifying glass, lens. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, i. 1

(Theodoret); _optic glass_, a telescope, Milton, P. L. i. 288.

=optimate,= a noble or aristocrat. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, i. 381; xi.

706. L. _optimates_, prop. members of the ‘Nobilitas’ in Rome, fr.

_optimus_, best.

=opunctly,= according to appointment; at the time appointed. In Cook,

Green’s Tu Quoque; Ancient E. Drama, ii. 565, col. 2. For _appunctly_.

Cp. Med. L. _appunct_(_u_)_are_, ‘pacisci, convenire’ (Ducange).

=orangeado-pie,= a pie with candied orange-peel. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt.

I, iv. 2 (Crambo). See =oringado.=

=orbity,= bereavement, childlessness. Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Pamphilus);

vol. vi, p. 127. L. _orbitas_, orphanage, childlessness.

=ordinary,= a public dinner, where each one pays his share. ‘Crown

ordinary’, a five-shilling dinner, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv.

2 (Norbret); ‘He kept a daily Ordinary (thanks being the only shot his

guests were to pay)’, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 6. 328. F. _ordinaire_, ‘ce

qu’on a accoutumé de servir pour le repas. _Il tient un bon ordinaire_’

(Dict. Acad. 1762).

=ordinately,= regularly, in an orderly way, righteously; ‘To walke

ordinatly, and in a plain way’, Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber,

27). Cp. L. _ordinate_, in an orderly manner (Vulgate, 1 Mac. vi. 40).

=ore,= the name of a fine kind of wool, esp. from Leominster; ‘To whom

did never sound the name of Lemster ore?’, Drayton, Polyolbion, song

vii, 1. 152; xiv. 237; ‘But then the ore of Lempster’, B. Jonson, The

Honour of Wales, 2 Song; ‘The finest Lemster ore’, Herrick, Oberon’s

Palace; Fuller, Worthies, 33. See EDD., NED., and Notes and Queries, 6th

S. i. 260.

=ore,= seaweed. Drayton, Pol. iv. 74. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.vv. Ore

and Ware). OE. _wār_, ‘alga’ (Napier, OE. Glosses, 23. 2).

=orgule,= pride. State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 88 (NED.). OF. _orguel_ (F.

_orgueil_), pride.

=orguillous,= proud, haughty; ‘Proud and orgulllous’, Caxton,

Reynard (ed. Arber, 36); _orgillous_, Tr. and Cr., Prol. 2.

Anglo-F. _orguillous_ (Gower, Mirour, 1612). F. _orgueilleux_,

proud.

=oricalche,= a very precious metal. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 78. L.

_orichalcum_, yellow copper ore, brass, highly prized by the ancients;

Gk. ὀρείχαλκος, mountain-copper (hence F. _archal_, in _fil d’archal_,

brass-wire).

=orient,= applied to pearls and precious stones of superior quality and

brilliancy, as coming from the East. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca).

Hence lustrous, brilliant, bright; ‘Now Morn . . . sowed the earth with

orient pearl’, Milton, P. L. v. 2; ‘Ten thousand banners rise into the

air with orient colours waving’, id., i. 516. Cp. F. _perles d’Orient_

(Dict. Acad. 1762).

=oringado,= candied orange-peel. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, i. 1

(Steward). Cp. Span. _naranjada_, ‘a conserve made with oranges’;

_naranja_, orange (Stevens). See =orangeado-pie.=

=ork, orc,= a sea-monster. Drayton, Pol. ii. 95; vii. 51. L. _orca_.

=orkyn,= a small coin, a quarter of a stiver; ‘Bye an yearthen potte

. . . for an orkyn’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 28. Du.

_oortken_, ‘an _orkey_, or the fourth part of a stiver, or two doits’

(Hexham); dimin. of _oort_, a small coin; see Franck.

=orped,= stout, active, bold. Spelt _orpid_, Golding, Metam. vii. 440;

fol. 85 (1603); (of a boar) fierce, furious, id., viii. 395; fol. 99.

ME. _orped_, stout, brave (Gower, C. A. i. 2590); see Dict. M. and S.

OE. _orped_, gloss of _adultus_, syn. _snell_ (Napier, OE. Glosses,

3361).

=orpharion,= a large kind of lute with from six to nine pairs of

strings, played with a plectrum; ‘The orpharion to the lute’, Drayton,

Pastorals, iii. 111. Composed of the names of Orpheus and Arion,

mythical musicians of Greek poetry.

=orphelin,= an orphan. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 171. 11. Anglo-F.

_orphelin_, destitute, _orphanin_, an orphan (Gower); Late L. type

*_orphaninus_, deriv. of _orphanus_, Gk. ὀρφανός, bereft of parents or

children.

=orpin,= orpiment, yellow arsenic. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 713.

F. _orpin_, ‘orpine, orpiment or arsenick’ (Cotgr.).

=ortyard,= orchard. Golding, Metam. xiv. 624; fol. 175, back (1603). OE.

_ortgeard_. The first element _ort_ = L. _hortus_ (in Med. L. _ortus_),

a garden; cp. Norm. F. _ort_, ‘jardin, verger’ (Moisy 558), Anglo-F.

_ort_ (Gower, Mirour, 12868).

=ospringer,= an osprey. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 557; ‘Ospringe, a

byrde’, Palsgrave.

=ossifrage,= the Lammergeyer or Geir Eagle, identified with the

‘ossifraga’ of Pliny; ‘_Ossifrage_, a kind of Eagle, having so strong a

Beak that therewith she breaks bones and is therefore called a

bone-breaker’, Blount; in BIBLE, Lev. xi. 13, ossifrage (RV. gier

eagle). Identified with the ‘osprey’ or fish-hawk. Chapman, tr. of

Odyssey, iii. 505.

=ostend,= to show. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Q. Mary), ed. Dyce, p. 194;

Heywood, Silver Age (Jupiter), vol. iii, p. 163. L. _ostendere_.

=ostent,= a prodigy, manifestation. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 748; show,

Hen. V, v, chorus, 21; ostentation, Heywood, Iron Age, Part I (Ulysses);

vol. iii, p. 329. Also, to display, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c.

14, § 6. L. _ostentum_, a prodigy (Vulg., Exod. vii. 3); _ostentare_, to

display (Vulg., Heb. vi. 11).

=osteria,= a hostelry, inn. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca); Beaumont

and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2. 1. Ital. _osteria_ (Florio), Med.

L. _hostellaria_, ‘diversorium’ (Ducange).

=ostry,= a hostelry. Marlowe, Faustus, ii. 3 (Robin). Hence

_ostry-faggot_, a faggot in a hostelry, Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3

(1242); p. 133, col. 1. See =hostry.=

=otacousticon,= an ear-trumpet, an instrument used to assist hearing.

Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3 (Ronca). Gk. ὠτ- (ὠτός, gen. of οὖς an ear) +

ἀκουστικός, acoustic.

=other,= left; _other leg_, left leg, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 23; _other

eye_, left eye, id., iii. 9. 5; _other hand_, left hand, id., v. 12. 36.

=other-gates,= of another kind. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1

(Truepenny); ‘Works . . . requiring other-gates workmen’, Gauden, Tears

of the Church, Pref. (Davies); in another way, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 199.

Still survives in the north country and in Warwicksh. (EDD.).

=ouch,= the socket of a precious stone, an ornament, jewel. Fletcher,

Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Moroso); ‘Thou shalt make them (the stones) to be

set in ouches of gold’, BIBLE, Exod. xxviii. 11; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 52.

ME. _nowch_, ‘monile, scutuler’ (Prompt. EETS. 309). Anglo-F. _nouche_,

a brooch (Gower, Balades, xxxiii. 2); _nusche_ (Rough List). See =owch.=

=ought,= _pt. t._ owned, possessed. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1

(Leonora). Also, owed; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 608; Spenser, F. Q. i.

4. 39; ii. 8. 40. ME. _oght_ (Dest. Troy, 12404), _ouhte_, owned,

possessed (P. Plowman, C. iv. 72). OE. _āhte_, pt. t. of _āgan_, to

possess, own. See =owe.=

=oultrage,= ‘outrage’, violence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 182, back,

31. Anglo-F. _oultrage_, _oltrage_, _outrage_, extravagant conduct

(Gower). Med. L. _ultragium_, ‘immoderatio’, ‘injuria’ (Ducange), deriv.

of L. _ultra_, beyond.

=oultrance:= phr. _put to oultrance_, put to the extremity, put to

death; Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 67, back, 10. Anglo-F. _oultrance_: ‘la

guerre jusques al oultrance’ (Gower, Mirour, 8040); see NED. (s.v.

Outrance). See =utterance.=

=ouphe,= a fairy, an ‘elf’, ‘oaf’, goblin, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 49. Icel.

_ālfr_, an elf. See =aulf.=

=out,= proverbial saying, _out of God’s blessing into the warm sun_,

from better to worse, Heywood’s Proverbs, bk. ii, ch. 5 (ed. Farmer, pp.

67 and 148); Harrison, Desc. Britain, in Holinshed (ed. 1577, i. fol.

11a). Cp. Lyly’s Euphues (ed. Arber, 320), ‘Thou forsakest God’s

blessing to sit in a warme Sunne’; and, ‘If thou wilt follow my advice

. . . thou shalt come out of a warme Sunne into God’s blessing’ (id.

196), where the proverb is reversed; ‘Thou must approve the common saw,

Thou out of heaven’s benediction comest To the warm sun!’ King Lear, ii.

2. 157, 158 (see W. A. Wright’s note in C. P. Series). The original

meaning of this proverbial expression is not clear.

=out,= to put out, extinguish, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 735;

‘Witness that Taper whose prophetick snuff Was outed and revived with

one puff’, Quarles, Argalus and Parthenia (ed. 1678, 77).

=outbrast,= _pt. t._ burst out. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. Pt. t. of

ME. _outbresten_; ‘The blode outbrast’ (Dest. Troy, 8045); see NED.

(s.v. Outburst).

=out-brayed,= _pt. t._ brayed out, uttered aloud. Sackville, Induction,

st. 18. Doubtless confused with =abraid.=

=out-breast,= to outvoice, surpass in singing. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3.

145.

=outcept,= except. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan); ii. 1 (Hilts).

=out-cry,= an auction; because such a sale was proclaimed by the common

crier. B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia); New Inn, i. 1 (Host);

Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (Bellides). See Nares.

=outrecuidance,= arrogance. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Dique);

Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (_or_ 2) (Golding). F. _oultrecuidance_, an

overweening presumption, pride, arrogancy (Cotgr.); F. _outrecuidance_;

O. Prov. _oltracuidar_, _oltra_, L. _ultra_, beyond + _cuidar_, to

think, L. _cogitare_.

=outrider,= a highwayman. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43.

=outsquat,= to throw out (as from a sling), to scatter; ‘The greatest

sort with slings their plummet-lompes of lead outsquats’, Phaer, tr. of

Aeneid, vii. 687.

=overcraw,= to triumph over, lit. to crow over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 50.

See Nares.

=overdight,= _pp._ covered over. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 53; iv. 8. 34.

_Dight_, pp., appears in later poetic language to be often taken as an

archaic form of _decked_, see NED. (s.v. Dight, vb. 10).

=overflown,= flushed with wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 2 (Ph.). Cp.

Milton, P. L., i. 502, ‘Then wander forth the sons of Belial, flown with

insolence and wine.’

=overgrast,= overgrown with grass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130.

=overhaile,= to draw over. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 75. See =hale and

ho.=

=overlashing,= extravagant. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 105);

extravagance, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 39.

=overlive,= to survive. Bacon, Essay 27, § 4.

=overlook,= to look down upon, despise. Hen. V, iii. 5. 9; B. Jonson,

Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle).

=overlop,= the planking of a deck; the ‘orlop’; ‘His bed was not laid

upon the overlop’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Shak. Plutarch,

p. 295, § 3). Du. _overloop_, ‘the covert or deck of anything; the

hatches of a ship’ (Hexham).

=overseen,= betrayed into error, deluded. Chapman, Argument 2 to Iliad,

bk. xiv; intoxicated, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16; ed. Arber, p. 37.

‘Overseen’ is still in prov. use in both senses: (1) cheated, deluded;

(2) overcome with drink, intoxicated; see EDD. (s.v. Overseen, 3 and 4).

=over-shot,= i.e. an _over-shot mill_, a mill worked by water pouring

over the top of the wheel. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 2 (Chilax).

=overthwart,= across, transversely. Morte Arthur, leaf 262, back, 15;

bk. x, c. 64; cross, malicious, id., lf. 180. 25; bk. ix, c. 15; an

adverse circumstance, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 12; in Tottel’s

Misc. p. 27. ‘Overthwart’ (meaning across) is in prov. use in many parts

of England (EDD.). ME. _overthwarte_: ‘_ovyr wharte_, transversus’

(Prompt. EETS. 321).

=overture,= an open space. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 28. The gloss has:

‘_Overture_, an open place; the word is borrowed of the French, and used

in good writers.’ Anglo-F. _overture_, an opening (Gower).

=overture,= used to mean _overthrow_. Middleton, Family of Love, i. 1

(Glister). See NED. for other examples.

=overwent,= oppressed, subdued. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 2. The gloss

has: ‘overwent, overgone.’

=owch,= a clasp, esp. a jewelled clasp, jewel. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 31.

See =ouch.=

=owdell,= a kind of poem. Drayton, Pol. iv. 184. Welsh _awdl_, a rime or

assonance.

=owe,= to possess. Tempest, i. 2. 407; Meas. for M. i. 4. 83; ii. 4.

123. ME. _owen_, to possess (Chaucer, C. T. C. 361); OE. _āgan_. See

=ought.=

=ower,= a form of _oar_; ‘And there row’d off with owers of my hands’,

Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 628; cp. ‘my hands for oars’, id., x. 482.

=Owlglass,= a jester, buffoon. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca to

Histrio). The word is an English equivalent of German _Eulenspiegel_;

see below. ‘A merye jeste of a Man that was called Howleglas’, Title of

an old German jest-book translated into English in 1560.

=owl-spiegle,= an English part-rendering of German _Eulenspiegel_

(_Eule_, owl + _spiegel_, glass mirror), the name of a German jester of

mediaeval times, the hero of a jest-book. Used as a term of abuse: ‘Out,

thou houlet! . . . owl-spiegle!’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.);

‘Ulen Spiegel!’, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Hence F. _espiègle_

(Hatzfeld). See above.

=ox:= Proverbial saying—_The black ox has trod on his foot_, i.e. he

has fallen into decay or adversity; it often implies old age: ‘She was a

pretty wench . . now . . the black oxe hath trod on her foote’, Lyly,

Sapho and Phao, iv. 2 (Venus); ‘When . . the blacke Oxe (shall) treade

on their foote—who wil like of them in their age who loved none in

their youth’, id., Euphues (ed. Arber, 55); ‘The black ox had not trod

on his nor her foot’, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 17); ‘The black

ox never trod on his foot, i.e. he never knew what sorrow or adversity

meant’, Ray, Prov. Phrases (ed. Bohn, 173). Cp. Gascoigne, Glasse of

Governement, v. 6 (Gnomaticus). The saying is still in prov. use, see

EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)).

P

=paciens,= ‘patience’, a name given in the north and north-west of

England to the bistort; ‘The herbe [Tobacco] is . . . garnished with

great long leaves like the paciens’, Harrison, Descr. of England,

Chronology, 1573 (ed. Furnivall, p. lv). See NED. (s.v. Passions).

=pack,= to practise deceitful collusion, to plot. Titus And. iv. 2. 155;

_packed_, confederate, Com. Errors, v. 1. 219; contrived, Fletcher,

Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Bartolus).

=packing,= confederacy, conspiracy, collusion. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 121;

Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iii. 1 (Giovanni).

=pad,= a toad, proverbial saying, _a pad in the straw_, a lurking

danger; ‘In straw thear lurcketh soom pad’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid,

i. 656; Gosson, School of Abuse, 63; Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2

(Chat). In Yorks. ‘pad’ is used for a frog (EDD.); Icel. _padda_, a

toad; Flem. _padde_, ‘crapauld’ (Plantin).

=paddock,= a toad. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190; a frog, ‘Padockes,

_grenouilles_’, Palsgrave, 502. In gen. prov. use for a frog or

toad (EDD.).

=pad,= a path, track. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.); _horse

pad_, a horse-path, Bunyan, Grace Abounding (NED.); _high pad_, the

highway, Harman, Caveat, 84; also, a highwayman, ‘The High-Pad or Knight

of the Road’, R. Head, Canting Acad. 88. _Pad_, a road-horse, a pad-nag,

Shirley, Witty Fair One, i. 1. 5. Hence _padder_, a foot-pad, Massinger,

New Way to pay, &c., ii. 1 (Marrall); _padding_, robbing on the highway,

‘Ride out a-padding’, Dryden, Princess of Cleves, Prol. 29. ‘Pad’ is in

gen. prov. use for a path in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).

Low G. _pad_, path; _padden_, to go on foot (Koolman).

=pad,= a wicker pannier; ‘A haske is a wicker pad’, Glosse by E. K. to

Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16. In prov. use in the eastern counties, see

EDD. (s.v. Pad, sb.^{5}), and NED. (Pad, sb.^{4}).

=pagador,= pay-master. Spenser, State of Ireland (Wks., Globe ed., 657).

Span. _pagador_, a paymaster (Stevens).

=pagan,= a cant term of reproach. A paramour, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 168; a

bastard, Fletcher, Captain, iv. 2 (Host).

=paggle,= to hang loosely down, like a bag. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3

(1421); scene 10. 63 (W.); p. 171, l. 1 (D.).

=paigle,= a cowslip. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 7);

spelt _paggles_, pl., Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 25. In gen. prov. use

(EDD.).

=painful,= painstaking, laborious. L. L. L. ii. 23; Tam. Shrew, v. 2.

147; ‘Such servants are oftenest painfull and good’, Tusser, Husbandry,

170. Still in use in the north country (EDD.).

=painted,= adorned with bright colouring; ‘A peinted sheathe’, a

handsome exterior, Udall, tr. of Apoth., Diogenes, § 190; pride,

vainglory, id., Socrates, § 56; ‘Peinted termes’, grandiloquence, id.,

Antigonus, § 14.

=painted cloth,= cloth or canvas painted in oils and used for hangings

in rooms. L. L. L. v. 2. 579; As You Like It, iii. 2. 290; 1 Hen. IV,

iv. 2. 28. It often showed moral pictures. See NED.

=pair of cards,= a pack of cards; ‘A payre of cardes’, Ascham,

Toxophilus, p. 49; Fletcher, Sea-voyage, i. 1 (Tibalt). See Nares.

=pair of organs,= an organ. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 1 (Sir B.);

‘_Unes orgues_, a payre of organs, an instrument of musyke’, Palsgrave,

183. See NED. (s.v. Organ, 2 c).

=pair-royal,= in cribbage and other card games, three cards of the same

denomination; a throw of three dice all turning up the same number of

points, as three twos, &c. Hence, a set of three persons or things,

Ford, Broken Heart, v. 3; ‘That great pair-royal of adamantine sisters’,

Quarles, Emblems, v; Howell, Lex. Tetraglotton, Dedication; Butler,

Ballad upon the Parliament (last line; _pair-royal_, riming with

_trial_); ‘That paroyall of armies’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 2. 22. See

Nares and NED. ‘Prial’ is in prov. use in various parts of England in

the sense of (1) a ‘pair-royal’ in cards, (2) three of a sort, (3) a

gathering of persons of a similar disposition (EDD.). See =parreal.=

=paise;= see =peise.=

=pall,= to become faint, to fail in strength. Hamlet, v. 2. 9; Phaer,

Aeneid ix (NED.); to enfeeble, weaken; to daunt, appal, King James I,

Kingis Quair, st. 18; Fletcher, Bloody Brother, ii. 1 (Latorch); Peele,

Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 532).

=palliard,= a lewd person, a thorough rascal. Dryden, Hind and Panther,

ii. 563; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). _Palliards_, one of the

twenty-four orders of Vagabonds; beggars who excited compassion by means

of artificial sores, made by binding some corrosive to the flesh; see

Harman, Caveat, p. 44, and Aydelotte, p. 27. F. _paillard_, ‘a knave,

rascall’, &c. (Cotgr.); lit. one who lies on straw; F. _paille_, L.

_palea_, straw.

=palm,= the flat expanded part of a deer’s horn, whence the points

project. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 124.

=palmplay,= a game resembling tennis, but played with the hand instead

of a bat. Surrey, Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13. Cp.

F. _jeu de paume_ (Dict. de l’Acad., s.v. Paume).

=palped,= that can be felt, palpable. Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Icilius);

Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 206. L. _palpare_, to feel.

=palt,= to trudge; ‘Palting to school’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s

Dodsley, ii. 165.

=palter,= to shift, shuffle, equivocate. Macbeth, v. 8. 20; Ant. and Cl.

iii. 11. 63.

=paltock,= a short coat, sleeved doublet. Morte Arthur, leaf 89, 27; bk.

v, c. 10; OF. _paletocque_; ‘Paltocke, a garment, _halcret_’

(Palsgrave). ME. _paltok_ (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 25); _paltoke_ (Prompt.

EETS., see note, no. 1569). F. _palletoc_, ‘a long and thick pelt or

cassock, a garment like a short cloak with sleeves’ (Cotgr.). See Dict.

(s.v. Paletot).

=Paltock’s inn,= a mean or inhospitable place; Paltock is probably here

a proper name, but the allusion is unknown. Gosson, School of Abuse, p.

52; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 65 (a rendering of the Lat.

‘pollutum hospitium’, l. 61).

=pampestry,= a corrupt form of _palmistry_. Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st.

25. ME. _pawmestry_ (Lydgate, Assembly of Gods, 870).

=pamphysic,= concerning all nature. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

Gk. παμ- + φυσικός.

=panada, panado,= bread boiled to a pulp, and flavoured with currants,

sugar, &c. _Panada_, Massinger, A New Way, i. 2 (Furnace); _panado_,

Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Gasparo). In Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver),

the word is spelt _poynado_. Span. _panada_. See Stanford (s.v. Panade).

=panarchic,= all-ruling. A nonce-word. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1

(Subtle). Gk. πάναρχος, all-ruling + _-ic_.

=panax,= all-heal; a healing plant, whence opopanax is made. Middleton,

The Witch, iii. 3 (Firestone). L. _panax_; Gk. πάναξ, πανακής,

all-healing.

=pandora,= a ‘bandore’, a musical instrument, a kind of lute. Rowley,

All’s Lost, ii. 1. 4; _pandore_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 63. Gk. πανδοῦρα. See

Stanford.

=paned hose,= breeches made of strips of different coloured cloth joined

together; or of cloth cut into strips, between which ribs or stripes of

another material or colour were inserted or drawn through. Beaumont and

Fl., Woman-hater, i. 2 (Lazarillo); Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1

(Cunningham). From _pane_, a patch of cloth. OF. _pan_, L. _pannus_.

=panel;= see =pannel.=

=pannam,= bread (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman,

Caveat, p. 83.

=pannel,= a panel; a piece of cloth placed under the saddle to protect

the horse’s back; also, a rough saddle. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 447; ‘A

straw-stufft pannel’, Hall, Sat. iv. 2. 26; _panel_, Tusser, Husbandry,

§ 17. 5. OF. _panel_, a piece of cloth for a saddle, F. ‘_paneau_

(_panneau_), a pannel of a saddle’ (Cotgr.).

=pannikell,= the brain-pan, skull. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23. L.

_panniculus_, the membranous structure of the brain, see NED. (s.v.

Pannicle).

=pantler,= the officer of a household in charge of the pantry. 2 Hen.

IV, ii. 4. 258; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (Springlove); ‘A pantler,

_panis custos_, _promus_’, Gouldman. ME. _pantelere_, ‘panitarius’

(Prompt. EETS. 326, see note, no. 1571).

=pantofle,= a slipper, Massinger, Bashful Lover, v. 1; Unnat. Combat,

iii. 2 (Page); Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 2 (Servant); Spanish

Curate, iv. 1 (Ascanio); ‘_Baseæ_ . . . a kynde of slippers or

pantofles’, Cooper, Thesaurus. F. _pantoufle_ (1489 in Hatzfeld). The

usual English stress on the first syllable facilitated the corruptions:

_pantapple_ (Baret), _pantable_ (Sydney, Arcadia), _pantocle_ (Ascham,

Scholemaster, ed. Arber, 84), assimilated to words in _-ple_, _-ble_,

_-cle_. See NED.

=pap:= phr. _pap with a hatchet_, infant’s food administered with a

hatchet instead of a spoon; an ironical phrase for a form of reproof or

chastisement; ‘They give us pap with a spoon before we can speak; and

when wee speake for that wee love [like], _pap with a hatchet_’, Lyly,

Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Livia); the name of a controversial tract

attributed to Lyly.

=parage,= lineage; esp. noble lineage, high birth. Morte Arthur, leaf

110, back, 5; bk. vii, c.5; ‘Of high and noble parages’, Udall, Roister

Doister, Act i, sc. 2; ed. Arber, p. 17. OF. _parage_, ‘parente,

affinité; noblesse, naissance illustre’ (Didot); see Moisy. O. Prov.

_paratge_, ‘naissance noble, noblesse’ (Levy); Med. L. _paraticum_, see

Ducange (s.v. Paragium).

=paramento,= an article of apparel. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1

(Incubo). Span. _paramento_, ornament; Med. L. _paramentum_, ornament;

_parare_, ‘ornare’ (Ducange). See =pare.=

=paranymph,= friend of the bridegroom. Milton, Samson, 1020. F.

_paranymphe_, ‘. . . an assistant in the . . . ordering of bridall

businesses’ (Cotgr.). Gk. παράνυμφος, friend of the bridegroom (John

iii. 29); Gk. παρά, beside; νύμφη, bride.

=parator;= see =paritor.=

=paravaunt,= beforehand, first of all. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 16; vi.

10. 15. F. _par avant_.

=parboil,= to boil thoroughly. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1

(Downright). See Dict.

=parbreak, parbrake,= to vomit. Skelton, Duke of Albany, 322; Hall,

Satires, i. 5. 9; Palsgrave. 478; Horman, Vulg. 39 (NED.); also, as sb.,

vomit, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 20. ME. _parbrakynge_, ‘vomitus’ (Prompt.);

the usual form in Prompt. is _brakyn_, ‘vomo’ (see ed. EETS., Index, p.

749).

=parcel,= a portion, part, share; ‘A parcel of ground’, BIBLE, John iv.

5; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 68. 63; Merry Wives, i. 1. 237; item,

particular, All’s Well, iv. 3. 104; small party, L. L. L. v. 2. 160.

=parcel,= partly; _parcel-gilt_, partly gilded, esp. of silver ware. 2

Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94. _Parcel_, used for _parcel-gilt_, Beaumont and Fl.,

Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Mother). So also _parcel-bawd_; Meas. for M. ii. 1. 63;

Fletcher, Captain, i. 1 (Lodovico). _Parcel-popish_, Fuller, Worthies,

Somerset. See NED. (s.v. Parcel, B. 1).

=parclose, perclose,= close, conclusion, esp. of literary matter.

Warner, Alb. Eng. Epit. (ed. 1612, 377); Quarles, Sol. Recant. vii. 97.

Norm. F. _parclose_, conclusion (Moisy); see also Didot.

=parcloos, parclose,= an enclosed space in a building, small chamber.

Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 9, back, 25. Anglo-F. _parclose_, an enclosure

(Gower); OF. _parclouse_, ‘clos, lieu cultivé et fermé de murs ou de

haies’ (Didot).

=pardalis,= a panther. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 667; _pardale_,

Spenser, F. Q. i. 626. Gk. πάρδαλις, fem., a panther.

=pare,= to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 245, back, 26; Knight of la

Tour (EETS.), p. 67, l. 2. Hence _parement_, an ornament, id., leaf 236.

27. See =paramento.=

=paregal,= fully equal. Skelton, Dethe of E. of Northumberland, 134;

_peregall_, id., Speke Parrot, 430. Norm. F. _paregal_, ‘parfaitement

égal’; see Moisy (s.v. Parigal). See =peregall.=

=parel,= ‘apparel’, clothing, attire; ‘A shining parel . . . of Tirian

purple’, Surrey, Aeneid iv, 337. Hence, _parrelments_, clothes, Heywood,

Witches of Lancs., i (near end), Wks. iv. 186. ME. _paraille_, clothing

(P. Plowman, B. xi. 228). Norm. F. _apareiller_, ‘parer, orner’ (Moisy).

=parerga,= unimportant matters, secondary business. B. Jonson, Magnetic

Lady, i. 1 (Compass). Gk. πάρεργα, pl. of πάρεργον, by-work.

=parget,= ornamental work in plaster. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 9.

Anglo-F. _pargeter_, projeter, jeter et répandre en avant (Ch. Rol.

2634); see Moisy (s.v. Parjeter). See Dict., and see =pergit.=

=parish-top,= a large top kept for public exercise in a parish. Twelfth

Nt. i. 3. 44. See =town-top.=

=paritor, parator,= ‘apparitor’, a summoning officer of an

ecclesiastical court. Fletcher, Span. Curato, v. 2 (Bartolus);

_parator_, Heywood, 2 Edw. IV (1 Apparitor), vol. i, p. 161. L.

_apparitor_, a public servant, such as a lictor (Cicero).

=parket,= a ‘parakeet’. Marston, The Fawn, ii. 1 (Nymphadore).

=parlance,= speaking, speech; parleying. Speed, Hist. Gt. Britain, ix.

12. 575 (NED.). Norm. F. _parlance_, ‘entretien’ (Moisy).

=parlant,= one who parleys, or takes part in a conference. Warner, Alb.

England, bk. iii, ch. 19, st. 32.

=parle,= a parley, conference. Tam. Shrew i. 1. 117; Hamlet, i. 1. 62;

to parley. L. L. L. v. 2. 122.

=parlous,= alarming, mischievous, ‘perilous’, shrewd. Mids. Night’s D.

iii. 1. 14; Richard III, ii. 4. 35.

=parmesant,= cheese made in the duchy of Parma. Middleton, The

Changeling, i. 2 (3 Madman); _parmesent_, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 4

(Poggio). F. _parmesan_, Ital. _parmegiano_, belonging to Parma. See

Stanford (s.v. Parmesan).

=parnel,= a wanton young woman. Phillips, Dict., 1678; Becon, Popish

Mass (Works, iii. 41), see NED. ME. _pernelle_ (P. Plowman, B. iv. 116);

F. _peronnelle_, ‘une femme de peu’ (Dict. Acad., ed. 1762). ‘Parnel’

orig. a feminine Christian name, ME. _Peronelle_ (Gower, C. A. i. 3396);

OF. _Peronelle_, a Christian name from St. _Petronilla_. Hence the

surname Parnell (Bardsley, 582).

=paroli,= at faro or basset, the leaving of the money staked and the

money won as a new stake; a doubling of the stakes. Farquhar, Sir Harry

Wildair, ii. 1 (Banter); id., ii. 2 (Wildair). Ital. _paroli_, ‘a grand

part, set, or cast at dice’; _parolare_, ‘to play at a grand part at

dice’ (Florio). See Stanford.

=paronomasia,= a pun, play upon words; ‘The jingle of a more poor

paranomasia’, Dryden, Account of Annus Mirabilis. Gk. παρονομσία. See

Stanford.

=parreal,= ‘pair-royal’; meaning three of a sort. ‘The _we’s_, which is

a distinct _parreal_ of wit bound by itself’, &c., Parson’s Wedding, ii.

3 (Wanton). The allusion is probably to the public-house sign, ‘We Three

Loggerheads be’, a jocular painting of _two_ silly-looking faces, the

unsuspecting spectator being of course the third. See History of

Signboards (1866), p. 458. See =pair-royal.=

=parrelments;= see =parel.=

=parsee,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal; ‘A . . . dogge

that hunts my heart By _parsee_ each-wheare found’ (i.e. found

everywhere by means of the blood-trail), Warner, Albion’s England, bk.

vii, ch. 36, st. 90; ‘Ascanius and his company, drawing by _parsie_ [by

the trail] after the stagge’, id., prose addition to bk. ii, § 22. F.

_percé_, lit. pierced; hence, a wounded animal. Finally, confused with

_pursue_. See =persue.=

=parson,= a prov. pronunciation of ‘person’. Middleton, No Wit like a

Woman’s, iii. 1 (Sir G. Lamb.); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 1

(Servant).

=part,= a party, a body of adherents or partisans; ‘The part of

Chalengers’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 25.

=partage,= a share. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 2 (Mariana).

Anglo-F. _partage_, sharing (Gower, Mirour, 1654).

=parted,= gifted with good parts. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 96; Massinger, Gt.

Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Sanazzaro).

=Partlet,= a word used as the proper name of any hen; also applied to a

woman. Winter’s Tale, ii. 3. 75; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 60. ME. _Pertelote_,

the name of the hen in Chaucer’s Nun’s Priest’s Tale (C. T. B. 4075,

4295, 4552).

=partlette,= a neckerchief or handkerchief. Tyndale, Acts xix. 12,

_partlettes_ = ‘semicinctia’ (Vulgate), σιμικίνθια, aprons;

_partelettes_, Cranmer’s Bible, 1539; ‘_Un collet ou gorgias de quoi les

femmes couvrent leurs poictrines_, a partlet’, Hollyband, 1580 (NED.).

=pash,= the head; usually in a depreciatory sense. Wint. Tale, i. 2.

128. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).

=pash,= to dash into pieces. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 (Harpax);

Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 213; v. 2. 10; to hurl, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 2 (414)

(Orlando). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=pashe:= in phr. _for the pashe of God_, Roister Doister, iv. 3; _for

the pashe of our sweete Lord Jesus Christ_, id., v. 5; _for the passion

of God_, id., iv. 3.

=pass,= to go beyond, exceed, surpass. Merry Wives, i. 1. 310. Hence

_passing_, surpassing; ‘Passing the love of women’, BIBLE, 2 Sam. i. 26;

Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 24; extremely, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. See EDD.

(s.v. Pass, vb. 8).

=pass,= to care, reck; ‘I do not pass a pin’, Greene (Alphonsus), i. 1;

_to pass of_, to care for, regard, ‘I pass not of his frivolous

speeches’, id., Friar Bacon, i. 2. 271; _to pass for_, to care for,

Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 4 (Edward).

=passado,= a motion forwards and thrust in fencing. L. L. L. i. 2. 184;

Romeo, ii. 4. 26; iii. 1. 88. Cp. F. _passade_, Sp. _pasada_, It.

_passata_.

=passage,= a game at dice; ‘Passage is a game at dice to be played at

but by two, and it is performed with 3 dice. The caster throws

continually till he hath thrown dubblets under ten, and then he is out

or loseth, or dubblets above ten, and then he _passeth_, and wins’,

Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 119 (Nares); ‘_Passe-dix_, such a game as

our Passage’, Cotgrave; ‘Learn to play at primero and passage’, B.

Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. i. 1 (Carlo); Rowley, A Woman never vexed,

ii. 1. 3. See =court-passage.=

=passant= (in heraldry), walking and looking toward the dexter side,

with three paws down, and the dexter forepaw raised; said of an animal.

Merry Wives, i. 1. 20. F. _passant_, passing.

=passata,= the same as =passado.= Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler).

=passe-measure, passameasure= (Florio, 1598, s.v. Passamezzo), a slow

dance of Italian origin, a variety of the ‘pavan’; _a passy measures

Pavyn_, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 205; _passa-measures galliard_, Middleton,

More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Page). Ital. _passamezzo_, for _passo e mezzo_,

i.e. a step and a half; see NED.

=passement,= gold or silver lace, braid of silk or other material.

Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, iii. 1 (Arber, 150). F. _passement_; Span.

_passamano_, ‘lace of gold, silver or silk for cloaths’ (Stevens).

=passion,= sorrow, grief. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Dutch

Merchant); iii. 1 (Weatherwise); a pathetic speech, Massinger, The Old

Law, i. 1 (Simonides).

=passionate,= sorrowful; compassionate, loving, pitiful. King John, ii.

1. 554; Richard III, i. 4. 121; Shirley, Changes, i. 2; Spenser, Colin

Clout, 427.

=pastance,= pastime; ‘For my pastance, hunt, syng, and daunce’, Song by

Henry VIII; The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 23 (l. 5). F.

_passe-temps_; see Montaigne, Essais, III. xiii (ed. 1870, p. 584), on

‘cette phrase ordinaire de “Passe-temps”’.

=pastillo,= a small roll of aromatic paste prepared to be burnt as a

perfume. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). L. _pastillus_, an

aromatic lozenge (Horace).

=pastler,= a maker of pastry, confectioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph.,

Alexander, § 9; ‘Cooks or Pastelars’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms,

115). ME. _pastelere_, ‘pastillarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 329, see note, no.

1582). OF. _pastellier_ (Godefroy).

=patache,= a tender, a vessel attending a squadron of ships; ‘Ships,

pynaces, pataches’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon; Works, ii. 256. Span.

_patache_ (Stevens). Probably a Dalmatian word, cp. Med. L. _bastasia_,

‘naviculae apud Dalmatas species’ (Ducange). See Stanford.

=patch,= a clown, a paltry fellow. Macbeth, v. 3. 15; Massinger, Virgin

Martyr, ii. 1 (Hireius).

†=pathaires,= explosive outbursts (?). Arden of Fev. iii. 5. 51. Not

found elsewhere.

=patish,= to agree upon, bargain for; ‘The money, which the pirates

patished for his raunsome’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 1; ‘To

pattish, patise, covenant, _pacisci_’, Levins, Manip. ‘Pattish’ is given

as an obsolete Yorks. word in the sense of ‘to plot or contrive

together’ (EDD.). Cp. OF. _patis_, ‘pacte, traité’ (Didot); _patiser_,

to agree upon; deriv. of L. _pactum_, an agreement.

=patoun,= the meaning is uncertain. In B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum.

iv. 4, ‘the making of the patoun’ may refer to the moulding of the

tobacco into some shape for the pipe; cp. F. _pâton_, lump or pellet of

paste (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=patrico,= a hedge-priest among the gipsies, who performed marriages.

Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, ii (Waspe),

near the end. See Aydelotte, p. 19.

=patrone,= a ‘pattern’, copy, sampler, exemplar; ‘Make all thynges

accordynge to the patrone’ (κατὰ τὸν τύπον), Tyndale, Heb. viii. 5. The

Gk. τύπος is so rendered in Cranmer’s Bible (1539), and in the Geneva

Bible (1557); Coverdale, 2 Kings xvi. 10. F. _patron_, ‘modèle, exemple’

(Gloss. to Rabelais). O. Prov. _patron_, ‘modèle’ (Levy).

=patten,= a form of _pattern_. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (_or_

2) (E. Knowell); ‘A Patten, _prototypon_’, Levins, Manip.

=paunce, pawnce,= the ‘pansy’, or heart’s-ease. Spenser, Shep. Kal.,

April, 142; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, c. 28, st. 43; _panse_,

Holland, Pliny, xxi. 10. 92. OF. _panse_, _pense_, thought, O. Prov.

_pensa_, ‘pensée’ (Levy).

=pauncie,= the pansy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 24; F. _pensée_, ‘a

thought, also the flower Paunsie’ (Cotgr.).

=pautener, pawtener,= a wallet, scrip. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 44;

‘Pautner, _malette_’, Palsgrave. ME. _pawtenere_, _pawytnere_,

‘cassidile’ (Prompt. EETS. 330, see note, no. 1592). F. _pautonniere_,

‘a shepherd’s scrip’ (Cotgr.).

=pavan,= a stately dance in which the dancers were elaborately dressed.

Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 23 (Arber, 61); _pavin_, Twelfth N. v. 1.

207; _paven_, Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 2 (near end); _pavion_, Sir T.

Elyot, Governour, i. 19. 12. F. _pavane_, Ital. _pavana_, Span. _pavana_

(_pabana_). See Stanford.

=pavis,= a convex shield large enough to cover the whole body, used esp.

in sieges; ‘The shotte . . . they defended with Pavishes’, Hall, Chron.

Hen. VIII, 42; ‘A pavis coveris thair left sydis’, Douglas, Aeneid vii,

13. 67; as used on board a ship, ranged along the sides as a defence

against archery, Lydgate, Siege Harfleur (Arber’s Garner, viii. 16).

Span. _paves_ (Stevens); Ital. _pavese_, _palvese_ (Florio); Med. L.

_pavenses_, pl. (Ducange); perhaps from Pavia, see Hatzfeld (s.v.

Pavois).

=paw,= improper, nasty, obscene; ‘Paw words’, Wycherley, Country Wife,

v. 2 (Horner); ‘Marrying is a paw thing’, Congreve, Love for Love, v. 2

(Tattle). From _paw_, or _pah!_ interj., expressive of disgust.

=Pawn,= ‘the Pawn’; a corridor, which formed a kind of bazaar, in

Gresham’s Royal Exchange. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); ‘Little lawn

then served the Pawn’, T. Campion (ed. Bullen, 114). See Nares. F. _pan_

(de muraille), used in the Low Countries in the sense of ‘une gallerie

ou cloistre, lieu ou on vend quelque marchandise, ou où on se pourmeine,

_ambulacrum_’ (Kilian, 1599, s.v. Pandt). Cp. Du. _pandt_, ‘a

Covert-walking place, or a gallerie where things are sould’ (Hexham).

=pax,= a tablet bearing a representation of a sacred object, kissed by

the celebrating priest at mass, and passed round to be kissed by others.

Hen. V, iii. 6. 42. Eccles. L. _pax_, ‘instrumentum quod inter Missarum

solemnia populo osculandum praebetur’ (Ducange); also called

_osculatorium_, see Dict. Ch. Antiq. (s.v. Kiss, 903).

=payne mayne,= white bread of the finest quality; ‘Payne mayne, _payn de

bouche_’, Palsgrave. ME. _payndemayn_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1915);

_payman_, ‘placencia’ (Voc. 788. 32). Anglo-F. _pain demeine_, Med. L.

_panis dominicus_, lord’s bread, bread eaten by the master of the house;

cp. L. _vinum dominicum_, Petronius, Sat. § 30. See =demain.=

=payre,= to impair, make worse, spoil. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 26;

§ 97. 3. See =appair.=

=paytrelle,= ‘poitrel’, breastplate for a horse. Morte Arthur, leaf 119,

back, 2; bk. vii, c. 17. Anglo-F. _peitral_ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v.

Poitrel).

=peace,= to keep silence; ‘Peace, foolish woman. _Duchess._ I will not

peace’, Richard II, v. 2. 80; ‘He peaste and couched while that we

passed by’, Sackville, Mirror Mag., Induction, lxxii.

=peak,= to make a mean figure, to play a contemptible part. Hamlet, ii.

2. 594; _peaking_, sneaking, mean-spirited, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71.

=peak,= to droop, to be sickly, Macbeth, i. 3. 23; Tusser, Husbandry, §

67. 27. The word ‘peaking’ is used in the sense of sickly, wasted away,

in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.^{2} 1

(2)). See =pick.=

=peak-goose,= a dolt, a simpleton. Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54);

Prophetess, iv. 3 (1 Guard); spelt _pea-goose_, Beaumont and Fl., Little

French Lawyer, ii. 3 (Dinant); Cotgrave (s.v. Benet); Chapman, Mons.

d’Olive, iii. 1 (Rhoderique).

=peakish,= remote, solitary; ‘Did house him in a peakish grange Within a

forest great’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 42, st. 2; ‘Snow on

Peakish Hull’ (hill), Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4 (Ballad of Dowsabel,

st. 5); ‘A pelting grange that peakishly did stand’, Golding, tr. of

Ovid, Met. vi. 521 (L. _obscura_). See NED., where ‘Peakish’ is shown to

refer (probably) to the ‘Peak’ in Derbyshire.

=pearl,= a disease of the eye. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza).

In Scottish use (EDD.). ME. _perle_ of þe eye, ‘glaucoma’ (Prompt.).

=pease, pese,= a pea. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 69; ‘A pese above a

perle’, Surrey, The Lover excuseth himself, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 25;

‘Not worth two peason’, Surrey, Frailty of Beauty, id., p. 10; _Peason_,

peas, Tusser, Husbandry, § 53, st. 9. ME. _pese_, ‘pisa’ (Prompt.); OE.

_pisa_, _piosa_, a pea (Sweet).

=pease, peaze,= to pacify, satisfy, ‘appease’. Ferrex and Porrex, iii. 1

(Gorboduc); iv. 1 (Videna); Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 147. ME.

_pese_, to appease (Chaucer, C. T. H. 98; so Lansdowne MS.; Ellesmere,

_apese_). OF. _apaisier_ (Didot).

=peat,= used as a term of endearment to a girl, with various shades of

meaning; ‘A pretty peat’, Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 78; ‘Lettice and Parnell

prety lovely peates’, Drayton, Man in Moon, ix; used as a term of

obloquy, ‘Proud peat’, Fletcher, Wife for Month, i. 1 (Sorano);

Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2. See Nares. In prov. use in Scotland

for a girl, gen. as a term of obloquy, ‘a proud peat’, see EDD. (s.v.

Peat, sb.^{2}).

=peaze;= see =peise.=

=peccadillo,= a collar. _Wooden peccadillo_, wooden collar (i.e. the

pillory); Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1454. See =pickadil.=

=peck,= meat (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘Bene pecke,

good meate’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Let’s cly off our peck’, Brome,

Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=peculiar,= private, belonging to one person only; ‘The single and

peculiar life’, Hamlet, iii. 3. 11.

=ped,= a wicker pannier; ‘Dorsers are Peds or Panniers’, Fuller,

Worthies, Dorset, 1; Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. In common prov. use in

E. Anglia and E. Midlands, also in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). ME.

_pedde_, ‘idem quod _paner_’ (Prompt.). See =pad= (3).

=pedee;= see =peedee.=

=pedescript,= that which is written by the foot (not the hand); said

humorously by one who had been kicked; with _pede-_ substituted for

_manu-_. Shirley, Honoria, iv. 1 (Dash).

=pedlar’s French,= unintelligible jargon. Middleton, Family of Love, v.

3 (Club).

=pee,= a coat of coarse cloth; also, of velvet; ‘A velvet pee’,

Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Du. _pije_, ‘a pie-gowne, or a

rough-gowne, as souldiers and sea-men weare’ (Hexham); whence

_pea-jacket_.

=peeble,= pebble; ‘The chaste stream, that ’mong loose peebles fell’,

Cowley, Davideis, i. 677 (NED.); _peeble-stone_, Golding, Metam. i. 575.

The usual Scottish pronunc. (EDD.).

=peedee,= a foot-boy, serving-lad, drudge. Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy);

_pedee_, J. Jones, tr. of Ovid’s Ibis, 160, note (NED.); Phillips,

Dict., 1706.

=peek, peke,= to peep. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 667; ‘I peke or prie’,

Palsgrave. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=peel-crow;= see =pilcrow.=

=peeled,= bald, shorn, with tonsured head. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 30.

=peep,= an eye or spot on a die. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed.

Dyce, v. 581. Also, a pip on a card; Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, l. 49;

‘_Pinta_, among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). ‘Peep’ is the

usual word for ‘pip’ of a card, die, or domino in NE. Derbyshire and S.

Yorkshire (H. Bradley). Cp. ‘peep’ in prov. use in the sense of a single

blossom of flowers growing in a cluster, see EDD. (s.v. Pip, sb.^{2} 1).

See =pip.=

=peepin, pepin,= a pippin. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, v. 2. See Dict. (s.v.

Pippin).

=peevish,= self-willed, obstinate. Two Gent. iii. 1. 68; Merry Wives, i.

4. 14; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iii. 3 (Harpax); ‘_Pertinax hominum

genus_, a peevish generation of men’, Burton, Anat. Mel., Pt. iii, § 4.

Hence _peevishness_, obstinacy, ‘An inbred peevishness and engraffed

pertinacity’, Holland, Livy, 1152. See Trench, Select Glossary; also

Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, Pref. to 8th ed., p. xxi.

=pegma, pegme,= a kind of framework or stage used in theatrical displays

or pageants, sometimes bearing an inscription; also, the inscription

itself; ‘In the centre . . . of the pegme there was an aback or square,

wherein this eulogy was written’, B. Jonson, Jas. I’s Coronation

Entertainment (Wks., Routledge, p. 529, after inscription ‘_His

Vincas_’; ‘We shall heare . . . who penned the Pegmas’, Chapman, Widow’s

Tears, ii. 3 (Ianthe). L. _pegma_, Gk. πῆγμα, framework fixed together.

=peise, paise,= weight, heaviness; ‘A stone of such a paise’, Chapman,

tr. Iliad, xii. 167; _peaze_, a heavy blow, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 20;

to weigh, ‘To weigh and peise the mountains’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 28

(NED.); to estimate the weight of a thing, Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1

(Soldan); to poise, ‘The workeman . . . Did peise his bodie on his

wings’, Golding, tr. Metam. viii. 188; ‘Ne was it (the island) paysd

Amid the ocean waves’, Spenser, F. Q., ii. 10. 5; to weigh down, Richard

III, v. 3. 100; Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Maria); to put a

weight upon, so as to retard, ‘’Tis to peize the time’, Merch. Ven. iii.

2. 22. ME. _peisen_, to weigh: ‘I wolde that my synnes . . . weren

peisid, in a balaunce’ (Wyclif, Job vi. 2); Anglo-F. _peise_, pres. s.

of _peser_; to weigh, to ponder, think (Ch. Rol. 1279); L. _pensare_, to

weigh, ponder.

=pelamis,= a young tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L.

_pelamys_; Gk. πηλαμύς.

=peld,= ‘peeled’, stripped; ‘Of all thing bare and _peld_’, Phaer,

Aeneid i, 599 (L. _egenos_). See =peeled.=

=pelican,= a retort with a fine end, like a bird’s beak. B. Jonson,

Alchem. ii. 1 (Face); iii. 2 (Subtle); iv. 3 (Face).

=pelowre,= a plunderer, Morte Arthur, leaf 245, back, 31; bk. x, c. 48.

ME. _pelowre_, thiefe, ‘appellator’ (Prompt. EETS. 331).

=pelt,= a light shield. Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 5 (Belinus). L.

_pelta_, Gk. πέλτη, a leathern shield.

=pelt,= to strike a bargain; ‘I found the people nothing prest [not at

all ready] to _pelt_’, Mirror for Mag., Severus, st. 16. Perhaps the

same word as _pelt_, to strike. See NED.

=pelting,= petty, trashy, contemptible. Richard III, ii. 1. 60; Meas.

for M. ii. 2. 112; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 2. 328.

=peltish,= irritable, ill-tempered; ‘Peltish wasps’, Herrick, Oberon’s

Palace, 17. Cp. ‘pelt’, in prov. use for a fit of ill-temper, see EDD.

(s.v. Pelt, sb.^{5} 8).

=penner,= a pen-case, case for holding pens. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5.

139. A Scottish word for a tin cylinder used for holding pens, pencils,

&c. (EDD.). ME. _pennere_, ‘calamarium’ (Prompt.).

=penny-father,= a miser, skinflint. Two Angry Women, ii. 1 (Philip);

‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 102). Hence the

surname Pennyfather; see Bardsley’s English Surnames, 482.

=pensel,= a pennon, little banner. Morte Arthur, leaf 244, back, 12; bk.

x, c. 43; ‘Pensell, a lytell baner, _banerolle_’, Palsgrave. Anglo-F.

_pencel_ (Didot); OF. _penoncel_ (La Curne). Med. L. _penuncellus_

(Ducange).

=pentagoron,= a pentagram, a mysterious cabalistic figure supposed to

have great magical power. Rowley, Birth of Merlin, v. 1. 49;

_pentageron_, Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2. 222. Properly _pentagonon_. Gk.

πεντάγωνος, pentagonal, having five angles.

†=pentweezle,= a term of abuse. Massinger, The Old Law, iii. 2.

(Lysander).

=pepper:= phr. _to take pepper in the nose_, to take offence, to be

vexed. Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 3. 10; Lyly, Euphues,

pp. 118, 375. See Nares.

†=peppernel,= a bump or swelling. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B.

Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife). Not found elsewhere.

=percase,= perchance. Bacon, Colours of Good and Evil, § 3. See Nares.

=perceiverance,= mental perception. Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2

(Violetta). See Nares.

=perche,= to pierce. Ascham, Toxophilus, 137, 138. In prov. use in the

north, esp. in Yorks., also in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Pearch). ME.

_perchyn_, ‘perforare’ (Prompt. EETS. 44, see note, no. 208); _perche_,

‘to Thirle’ (Cath. Angl.). Norm. F. _percher_, ‘percer’ (Moisy).

=perchmentier,= a maker or seller of parchment. Gascoigne, Steel Glas,

1095.

=perdie,= a form of oath = By God!; used often merely as an

asseveration. Hen. V, ii. 1. 52; Hamlet, iii. 2. 305; King Lear, ii. 4.

86; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 22. ME. _pardee_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 563,

3084). OF. _pardee_ (F. _par Dieu_) Norm. F. _Dé_ = _Dieu_ (Moisy).

=perditly,= desperately. Heywood, Dialogue 3 (Mary); vol. vi, p. 118.

Cp. L. _perdite amare_, to love desperately.

=perdu, perdue,= a soldier sent on a forlorn hope; one who is in a

perilous position or in desperate case. King Lear, iv. 7. 35; Beaumont

and Fl., Mad Lover, i. 1 (Cleanthe); Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 3;

Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 1 (Lysander). F. _perdu_, lost.

=peregall,= fully equal. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 8; Skelton, Speke

Parrot, 430; _no peregal_, without an equal; Marston, Antonio, Pt. I,

iii. 2 (Catzo). See =paregal.=

=perge,= go on, proceed. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, ii

(Ilford); L. L. L. iv. 2. 54. L. _perge_, imper.

=pergit,= a pargetting; ‘Painting’s pergit’, the plastering (of a

woman’s face) with paint, Drayton, Pastorals, iv. 78. See =parget.=

=periapt,= an amulet. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 2. F. ‘_periapte_, a medicine

hanged about any part of the body’ (Cotgr.). Gk. περίαπτον, a thing

fastened round one, an amulet (Plato).

=periment,= a ‘pediment’ (NED.). A workman’s term. L. _operimentum_, a

covering (Vulgate, Ezek. xxviii. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Pediment).

=perish,= to destroy. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 100; Bacon, Essay 27, § 5. Cp.

the Yorks. use: ‘If thou goes out to-night it will perish thee’ (EDD.),

and the Irish, ‘Ah, shut that door; there’s a breeze in throught it that

would perish the Danes’, Joyce, 168.

=perk,= saucy, pert, brisk, smart. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8. In gen.

prov. use in the North and in the Midlands (EDD.). As vb., _to perk it_,

to thrust oneself forward, to behave presumptuously; ‘Miriam began to

perk it before Moses’, Bunyan, Case Consc. Resolved (ed. 1861, ii. 673);

_to be perked up_, to be made smart, Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 21; _to perk up_,

to stick up, ‘(Hattes) pearking up’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed.

Furnivall, 50).

=perpetuana,= a very durable woollen stuff, sometimes called

_everlasting_. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Marston,

What you Will, ii. 1. 8. From L, _perpetuus_, perpetual.

=perron, peron,= a large block of stone, used as a platform, or a

funeral monument, or other purpose. Morte Arthur, leaf 207, back, 28;

bk. x, c. 2. F. ‘_Perron_, an open lodge, passage, or walk of stone

raised; some quantity of staires, directly before the foredoore of a

great house; also, a square base of stone or metal, some five or six

foot high, whereon in old time Knights errant placed some discourse,

challenge, or proofe of an adventure,’ Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _perrun_, a

block of stone (Ch. Rol. 12).

=perry;= see =pirrie.=

=persant,= piercing. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 20. F. _perçant_, pres. pt.

of _percer_, to pierce.

=perséver,= to persevere, continue in. Hamlet, i. 2. 92; King Lear, iii.

5. 23.

=perspective,= an optical instrument for looking through or viewing

objects with; a telescope; ‘The heavens . . . whereof perspectives begin

to tell tales’, Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia; ‘Whose eyes shall easily

. . . behold without a perspective the extreamest distances’, id., Rel.

Med., Pt. 1, § 49; Webster, Duchess Malfi, iv. 2 (1 Madman); id.

(Bosola), near end; a microscope, ‘A tiny mite which we can scarcely see

Without a perspective’, Oldham, 8th Sat. of Boileau, 7 (ed. Bell, p.

203); a picture contrived to produce a fantastic effect; e.g. appearing

confused or distorted except from one particular point of view, or

presenting different aspects from different points. Rich. II, ii. 2. 18.

=perspicil,= a telescope, optic glass. B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1

(P. jun.); New Inn, ii. 2 (Frank); Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends,

v. 2. 2. See Nares. L. (16th cent.) _perspicilia_, spectacles (Ducange).

=perstand,= to understand. Gascoigne, Works, i. 78; Peele, Sir Clyomon,

ed. Dyce, p. 492, col. 1, p. 499. A blend of two words—_per_ceive and

under_stand_.

=perstringe,= to censure. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, end of ii. 1 (Damplay).

L. _perstringere_.

=persue,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal, the ‘parsee’.

Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 28. Cp. ‘Now he has drawn _pursuit_ [old ed.

_pursue_, i.e. the trail] on me, He hunts me like the devil’; Fletcher,

Bonduca, v. 2 (Petillius). See =parsee.=

†=persway,= to assuage, alleviate. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1

(Overdo). Not found elsewhere.

=pert,= lively, brisk, sprightly; in good spirits; ‘Trip the pert

Fairies’, Milton, Comus, 118; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 13. In gen. prov.

use in England, see EDD. (s.v. Pert, also Peart).

=pert,= open, easily perceived. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 162. Short

for _apert_, open. F. _apert_; L. _apertus_.

=peruse,= to inspect, examine. Com. Errors, i. 2. 15; Hen. VIII, ii. 3.

75; peruse over, to read over, King John, v. 2. 5.

=pester’d, pestred,= crowded together; ‘Pestred in gallies’, Gosson,

School of Abuse, p. 32 (end); ‘Confin’d and pester’d in this pinfold

here’, Milton, Comus, 7; North’s Plutarch (in Shak. Plutarch, ed. Skeat,

175). For _impestered_; ‘_Empestré_, impestered, intricated, intangled,

incumbered’, Cotgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Pester).

=pesterous,= cumbersome, troublesome. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p.

196).

=pestle,= the leg and leg-bone of an animal, most freq. a pig in the

phr. _a pestle of pork_; ‘Pestelles of porke’, Boke of Kervynge

(Furnivall, 164). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). _The

pestle of a lark_, used _fig._ for a trifle, something very small, Hall,

Satires, iv. 4. 29; ‘Rutlandshire is but the Pestel of a Lark’, Fuller,

Worthies, Rutland, ii. 346. _A pestle of a portigue_, used jocosely in

speaking of a gold coin (a _portigue_), as eatable meat, to starving

sailors, Fletcher, Sea Voyage, i. 3 (Tibalt).

=petar,= a petard, bomb, a case filled with explosive materials. Hamlet,

iii. 4. 207; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Gunner);

_petarre_, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.).

=peterman,= a fisherman. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (_or_ 3) (Quicksilver). In

reference to _St. Peter_.

=Peter-see-me,= a kind of Spanish wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1

(near end); Brathwait, Law of Drinking, 80; Philecothonista (1635), 48

(Nares). Sometimes only _Peeter_, Beaumont and Fl., Chances, v. 3

(Song). _Pedro Ximenes_ was the name of a celebrated Spanish grape, so

called after its introducer, see NED. Cp. the spelling _Peter-sameene_

in Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1st Vintner).

=pettegrye,= ‘pedigree’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 386. See Dict.

=petternel,= a ‘petronel’, horse-pistol. Return from Parnassus, i. 2

(Judicio). Hence, _petronellier_, a soldier armed with a petrenel;

Gascoigne, Weeds, ed. Hazlitt, i. 408. See Dict. (s.v. Petronel).

=petun,= tobacco. Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares). F. _petun_, a native

South American name of tobacco (a Guarani word); see NED.; ‘_Petum

femelle_, English Tobacco; _Petum masle_, French Tobacco’ (Cotgr.). See

Stanford.

=pewl,= to cry as a babe; ‘Here pewled the babes’, Sackville, Induction,

st. 74. See Dict. (s.v. Pule).

=pex,= for _pax_. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 31, st 16. See

=pax.=

=pheare,= a common spelling of =fere,= q.v. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2.

122; _pheer_, Marmion, The Antiquary, i. 1 (Gasparo).

=pheeze;= see =feeze.=

=phenicopter,= a flamingo. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Sensuality). Gk.

φοινικ- (from φοῖνιξ), crimson, and πτερόν, feather. Spelt

_phœnicopterus_, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 12 (near the

end).

=philander,= a lover, one given to making love to a lady, a male flirt.

Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Tatler, no. 13, § 1.

This word for a lover became fashionable through the popularity of a

Ballad of 1682 about ‘the Fair Phillis’ and her ‘Philander’; see NED.

The Greek word ‘Philander’ was misunderstood as meaning a loving man,

but φίλανδρος was used originally of a woman, one loving her husband.

=Philip,= a familiar name for a sparrow. King John, i. 231; Middleton,

The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares. Still in use in Cheshire and

Northants (EDD.). See =Phip.=

=Philip and Cheiny,= an expression for two or more men of the common

people taken at random; Udall, Erasmus, Apoph., Pompey, 1. Also,

_Philip, Hob and Cheanie_, Tusser, Husbandry, 8. Also, name for a kind

of worsted or woollen stuff of common quality; ‘Thirteene pound . . .

T’will put a Lady scarce in Philip and Cheyney’, Fletcher, Wit at

several Weapons, ii. 1 (Lady Ruinous). See NED. (s.v. Philip, 4) and

Davies, Eng. Glossary.

=philomath,= a lover of learning, esp. a mathematician. Congreve, Love

for Love, ii. 1 (Sir Sampson). Gk. φιλομαθής.

=Phip,= a familiar name for a sparrow, a contraction for =Philip=, q.v.;

Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel, Sonnet 83; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4

(Song).

=Phitonesse,= the witch of Endor; ‘Heavenly breath, of Phitonessa’s

power, That raised the dead corpse of her friend to life’, Middleton,

Family of Love, iii. 7. 5; ‘I call In the name of Kyng Saul . . . He bad

the Phitonesse To wytchcraft her to dresse’, Skelton, Phylyp Sparowe,

1359. ME. _Phitonesse_, the witch of Endor (Gower, C. A. iv. 1937);

_Phitones_, Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 753 (see Notes, p. 563); _phitonesses_,

witches (Chaucer, Hous F. iii. 1261). Med. L. _phitonissa_ for

_pythonissa_, a woman inspired by Python (Ducange). Cp. Vulgate, in the

story of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam. xxviii. 7 (‘mulierem habentem

pythonem’). Gk. πνεῦμα πύθωνα, a spirit of Python, Acts xvi. 16. See

note, no. 729 in Prompt. EETS., p. 600, and =fitten.=

=phonascus,= a singing-master; ‘Why have you not, like Nero, a

_phonascus_?’, Lee, Theodosius, iv. 2 (Marcian). Misprinted _phenascus_

in The Modern British Drama, i. 329. L. _phonascus_ (Suetonius); Gk.

φωνασκός, one who exercises the voice; from φωνή, voice.

=phrenitis,= a kind of frenzy or madness. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii.

3 (Corax). Gk. φρενῖτις, delirium.

=phrontisterion,= a place for thinking or studying, an academy or

college. Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3. 10; _phrontisterium_; Randolph, Muses’

Looking-glass, iii. 1 (Banausus). Gk. φροντιστήριον, a place for

meditation, a thinking-shop (Aristophanes).

=physnomy, fisnomy,= face, ‘physiognomy’. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3

(Hazard); _fisnomy_, All’s Well, iv. 5. 42.

=picardil;= see =pickadil.=

=picaro,= a rogue, knave. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro); Pickaro,

Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. _picaro_, ‘a rogue, a

scoundrel, a base fellow’ (Stevens).

=picaroon, pickaroon,= a rogue. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly);

‘Are you there indeed, my little Picaroon?’, Otway, Atheist, ii. 1; a

pirate, ‘A French Piccaroune’, Capt. Smith, Virginia, v. 184 (NED.); a

small pirate ship, Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, v. 5 (Brazen).

=pick,= to waste away, to droop. Middleton, Chaste Maid, i. 1. In prov.

use in Lincoln, S. Midlands, and south-west counties, see EDD. (s.v.

Peak, vb.^{2}). See =peak= (2).

=pick,= to throw, Coriolanus, i. 1. 204; ‘I pycke with an arrow, _Je

darde_’, Palsgrave.

=pick:= in phr. _to pick mood_, to pick a quarrel; ‘Whoso therat pyketh

mood’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 21.

=pick:= _picked_, refined, exquisite, fastidious, King John, i. 1. 193;

_picking_, dainty, fastidious, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 198.

=pick,= the spike in the middle of a buckler, Porter, Two Angry Women,

in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 318. Also, a toothpick, Fletcher, Mons.

Thomas, i. 2 (Sebastian).

=pickadil, pickadel,= the expansive collar fashionable in the early part

of the 17th cent. Blount, Glossogr., 1656; Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim,

ii. 2 (1 Outlaw). Spelt _picardill_, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1

(Pug); Underwood (NED.). See =peccadillo.=

=pickaroon;= see =picaroon.=

=picke-devant, pickadevant,= a short beard trimmed to a point. Heywood,

The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70. Also, a man with a picke-devant,

Heywood, Challenge, v. 1; vol. v, p. 68. F. _pique-devant_, an

expression only found in English. See Nares (s.v. Pike-devant).

=pickeer,= to pillage, plunder; to practise piracy, Fuller, Worthies,

Hants (1662, ii. 10); to skirmish, reconnoitre, spelt _pickear_,

Lovelace, Lucasta (Poems, 1864, ii. 203); to wrangle, spelt _pickere_,

Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 448. See NED.

=pickle,= to deal with in a minute way, lit. to pick in a small way.

Ascham, Scholemaster (Arber, 158). Hence _pickling_, trifling, paltry,

Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 2 (Pasiphilo). [R. L. Stevenson uses the word

‘to _pickle_’ in the sense of ‘to trifle’; see Letters (Sept. 6, 1888).]

=pick-packe,= pick-a-back; ‘He gets him up on pick-packe’, B. Jonson,

Barth. Fair, ii. 6 (Stage-direction); Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (260);

scene 2. 89 (W.); p. 156, col. 1 (D.). ‘Pick-pack’ (or ‘a pick-pack’) is

still in use in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Pick-a-back). The German word for

‘pick-pack’ is _Huckepack_. For numerous forms of this word see NED.

=pickthank,= a flatterer, a mischief-maker. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 25;

Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Evadne); _pickthank tales_,

tales told to curry favour, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lacy). In

prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.).

=pick-tooth,= a toothpick. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 1

(Fallace). In use in Glouc. (EDD.).

=piddle,= to work or act in a trifling, paltry way. Ascham, Toxoph. (ed.

Arber, 117); Fletcher, Wit without M. i. 2; to trifle or toy with one’s

food, J. Dyke, Sel. Serm. (1640, p. 292); Pope, Horace’s Satires, ii. 2.

137. In common use in this sense in various parts of England, see EDD.

(s.v. Piddle, vb.^{1} 1).

=pie, pye,= a magpie. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 48. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=piece,= a piece of money of the value of 22 shillings. Pepys, Diary,

March 14, 1660 (N. S.). _A piece of eight_, the Spanish dollar of the

value of 8 reals, or about 4_s._ 6_d._, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii.

1. 6 (see Wheatley’s note); Alchemist, ii. 3 (Face).

=piece,= a painting, a picture, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 4); Pepys,

Diary, Feb. 27, 1663 (N. S.).

=pied,= variegated, parti-coloured. Spelt _pyed_, B. Jonson, Every Man

in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew); spelt _pide_, Milton, L’Allegro, 75 (ed. 1632).

=pieton,= a foot-soldier; hence, a pawn at chess; ‘_Pietons_, or

fotemen’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 87, back, 6; ‘They [the pawns] be

all named _pietons_’, id., Game of Chesse, bk. iii, c. 1 (beginning). F.

‘_pieton_, a footman, also, a Pawn at Chess’ (Cotgr.).

=pig,= sixpence (Cant); ‘Fill till’t be sixpence, And there’s my pig’,

Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (1 Boor).

=pigeaneau,= a dupe, a gull. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, iv. 1

(Marquis). F. _pigeonneau_, a young pigeon, a dupe; dimin. of _pigeon_.

=pigeon-holes,= the name of a game; the same as =troll-my-dames,= q. v.;

‘Dice, cards, pigeon-holes’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Old

Foster); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 101; ii. 1. 3; in Hazlitt, xii. 120.

=pigeon-livered,= applied to one incapable of anger; ‘I am

pigeon-livered and lack gall’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 605. A pigeon was supposed

to have no gall, and so to lack capacity for anger or resentment. ‘Sure

he’s a pigeon, for he has no gall’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 5

(Castruchio).

=pight,= _pt. t._ pitched; ‘Under Pomfret his proud Tents he pight’,

Drayton, Agincourt, 97; _ypight_, pp., ‘Underneath a craggy cliff

ypight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33; _pight_, Tr. and Cr. v. 10. 24. ME.

_pighte_, pt. t. of _picchen_; _y_)_pight_, pp., see Dict. M. and S.

(s.v. Picchen).

=pigsnye,= a darling, a pet, commonly used as an endearing form of

address to a girl. Dryden, Tempest, iv. 3; Farquhar, Love and Bottle, i.

1. Spelt _pigges-nye_, Lyly, Euphues, 114. In Butler, Hud. (ii. 1. 560),

_Pigsneye_ occurs in the sense of a ‘dear little eye’.

=pike:= in phr. _sold at a pike_, Kyd, Cornelia, v. 444 (not far from

end). Here Kyd translates from F. _vendre sous une pique_, which refers

to the L. phrase _venalis sub hasta_, ‘that can be sold by auction’. It

looks as if Kyd did not understand the allusion.

=pike:= in phr. _on the pike_, ‘a-peak’; used of an anchor, when the

cable has been hove in so as to bring the ship just over it. Greene,

Looking Glasse, iii. 1. F. _à pic_, ‘perpendiculairement’ (Dict. de

l’Acad., 1762).

=pilch,= to pilfer, to filch. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 39; ‘Pilche,

miche, _suffurari_’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc.

(EDD.).

=pilcher,= a term of abuse, prob. meaning one who ‘pilches’; it is

sometimes punningly connected with the word _pilchard_ (see below). B.

Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4.

=pilcher,= a pilchard. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4. 1;

Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause).

=pilcher,= a scabbard. Romeo, iii. 1. 84. Not found elsewhere.

=pilcrow,= a name for the paragraph-mark, printed as ¶. Tusser,

Husbandry, p. 2; spelt _peel-crow_, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 1

(Lapet); ‘Pilcrow, paragraphus’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; ‘_Paragraphe_,

Pillcrow’, Cotgrave. Cp. ME. _pylcraft_ in a boke, ‘Asteriscus,

Paragraphus’ (Prompt.); _pargrafte_, paragraphus (Ortus Voc.). See Notes

on Eng. Etym., s.v.

=pile,= the metal head of an arrow. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 337; head of a

dart, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 139; a Roman javelin, Dryden, Hind and

Panther, bk. ii, 161. L. _pilum_, the heavy javelin of the Roman

foot-soldier.

=pile,= a small castle; ‘A little pretie pile or castle’, Udall, tr. of

Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; ‘Certayne pylys and other strengthis’, Fabyan,

Chron., Pt. VII, fol. cxxxvii; repr. (1811), p. 512, l. 16. ME. _pile_,

a stronghold (P. Plowman, C. xxii. 366). See NED. (s.v. Pile, sb.^{2}).

=pill,= to plunder, spoil, to commit depredation. Richard II, ii. 1.

246; Richard III, i. 3. 159; _to pill and poll_, Mirror for Mag. 467

(Nares).

=pilling,= plunder, spoliation. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 445.

_Pilling and polling_, J. Harrington, Prerog. Pop. Govt., ii. 2

(ed. 1700, p. 332). See =poll.=

=pill,= to strip. Merch. Ven. i. 3. 85; Lucrece, 1167. In common prov.

use in the sense of peeling, stripping off the outer skin, the rind or

bark, see EDD. (s.v. Pill, vb.^{1} 1).

=pillowbeer,= a pillow-case. Locrine, iv. 4. 6; Middleton, Women beware

Women, iv. 2 (Sordido). ME. _pilwe-beer_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 694);

_bere_, a pillow-case (Boke Duchesse, 254).

=pimp-whiskin,= a pimp. Ford, Fancies Chaste and Noble, i. 2 (Spadone).

See =whiskin.=

=pin,= a small knot in wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 121.

=pin,= a peg fixed in the very centre of a target. Hence, _to cleave the

pin_, to hit and split this peg, to make the best possible hit. L. L. L.

iv. 1. 138; Romeo, ii. 4. 15.

=pinax,= a tablet, picture. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 32. Gk.

πίναξ, board.

=pin-bouk,= some kind of bucket for liquids. Drayton, Moses, bk. iii,

165. OE. _būc_, pail. See Dict. (s.v. Bucket).

=pindy-pandy,= a formula used as equivalent to _handy-dandy_, in the

game of choosing which hand a thing is hidden in. Dekker, Shoemakers’

Holiday, iv. 5 (Firk).

=piner, pyner,= a pioneer; ‘My piners eke were prest with showle and

spade’, Mirror for Mag., Aurel. Anton. Caracalla, st. 40; ‘He pyners set

to trenche’, id., Burdet, st. 70. See Dict. (s.v. Pioneer). See =pion.=

=ping,= to urge, push. Mirror for Mag., Fulgentius, st. 9. Still in use

in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ping, vb.^{2} 1). OE. _pyngan_, to

prick, L. _pungere_.

=pingle,= to work in an ineffectual way, to trifle, to ‘piddle’. Women’s

Rights, 152 (NED). Hence, _pingler_, a trifler, Two Angry Women, ii. 2

(Coomes); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 109). ‘Pingle’ is in prov. use in

this sense in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pingle,

vb.^{1} 2). Cp. Swed. dial. _pyngla_, to be busy about small matters

(Rietz).

=pinion,= the name of an obsolete game at cards. Interlude of Youth,

(ed. 1849, p. 38). See NED.

=pink,= to stab with any pointed weapon. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum.

iv. 2; a stab with a rapier or dagger, Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1

(Fulgoso). Low G. _pinken_, to strike (Schambach).

=pink,= a sailing vessel. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. See Nares

and NED. Du. _pinck_, ‘a pinke or a fishers boate; a sounding barke’

(Hexham).

=pink,= to contract, make small (the eyes). Heywood, Spider and Fly

(Nares); contracted small (said of the eyes), ‘Plumpie Bacchus with

pinke eyne’, Ant. and Cl. ii. 7. 121. Du. _pincken_, to shut the eyes

(Hexham).

=pinkany,= a small, narrow, blinking eye; a tiny or dear little

eye; ‘Those Pinkanies of thine’, Field, Woman a Weathercock, iv.

2 (Wagtail). Applied to a girl, usually as a term of endearment,

Porter, Angry Women, iii. 2 (Philip).

=pink-eyed,= having small, narrow, or half-closed eyes; ‘Maids

. . . that were pinke-eied and had verie small eies they termed

_Ocellæ_’, Holland, Pliny, xi. 335; spelt _pinky-eyed_, Kyd,

Soliman, v. 3. 7 (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, v. 359). A Lanc. word, see

EDD. (s.v. Pink, adj.^{1} 4).

=pinnace,= a go-between, in love affairs. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1

(Overdo). A _fig._ sense of ‘pinnace’, a small attendant vessel.

=pinner,= a ‘pinder’, one who impounds stray cattle. Greene,

George-a-Greene, i (Bettris, 1. 236); ed. Dyce, p. 256, col. 1. ‘Pinder’

(or ‘pinner’) is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD.

(s.v. Pind, vb. 1 (1)). ME. _pyndare_ of beestys, ‘inclusor’ (Prompt.

EETS. 336, see note, no. 1638). See Dict. (s.v. Pinder).

=pinson,= a thin-soled shoe of some kind, Withal (ed. 1608, p. 211);

‘Pynson, sho, _caffignon_’, Palsgrave. ME. _pynson_, sok (Prompt. EETS.,

see note, no. 1642).

=pintas, las,= the Spanish name for the card-game called basset; ‘_A las

Pintas_, (playing) at basset’, Adventures of Five Hours, iv. 1 (Diego);

in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 265. Span. _pintas_, basset; pl. of _pinta_,

‘among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens).

=pion,= to dig, trench, excavate. Hence _pyonings_, Spenser, F. Q. ii.

10. 63. _Pioned_, trenched, Tempest, iv. 1. 64. OF. _pioner_, to dig

(Godefroy). See =piner.=

=pip,= a spot on a card; hence, a unit; ‘Thirty-two years old, which is

a pip out’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Bellapert). The allusion is

to a game called _One-and-thirty_, which differs from 32 by 1. So also

in Shirley, Love’s Cruelty, i. 2 (Hippolito). See =peep.=

=pipple,= to blow with a gentle sound (of the wind). Skelton, A

Replycacion, ed. Dyce, i. 207; id., Garl. of Laurell, 676. Hence

‘pippler’, a name for the aspen in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Pipple).

=pique,= a depraved or diseased appetite. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 809. L.

_pica_, a depraved appetite; a F. form (not found).

=pirrie, pirry,= a blast of wind, a squall. Elyot, Governour, i. 17, §

5; spelt _perry_, Look about You, sc. 29 (Richard), in Hazlitt’s

Dodsley, vii. 482. ME. _pyry_, a storm of wind (Prompt. EETS., see note,

no. 1643).

=pishery-pashery,= trifling talk. Dekker, Shoem. Holiday, iii. 5 (Eyre);

finery, fallals, id., v. 4 (Eyre).

=pist!,= hist!, an interjection, to draw attention. Middleton, No Wit

like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.).

=pistolet,= a name given to certain foreign gold coins, ranging in value

from 5_s._ 10_d._ to 6_s._ 8_d._ Proclamation, May 4, 1553 (NED.); in

later times = pistole, worth about 16_s._ 6_d._ ‘Each Pistolet exchang’d

at sixteen shillings six pence’, Heylin, Examen Hist. i. 268 (NED.); B.

Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); also called _a double pistolet_,

Fletcher, Span. Curate, i. 1 (Jamie).

=pitch,= a vertex, head; also, a projecting part of the body, the

shoulder, the hip; ‘His manly pitch’ (used for both shoulders,

collectively), Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 1. 11.

=pitch and pay,= to pay down money at once, pay ready money. Hen. V, ii.

3. 51; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable; i. 2 (Blurt); Mirror for Mag.,

Warwicke, st. 14; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 24.

=plaça,= a square, parade, public walk. Shirley, The Brothers, i. 1

(Carlos). Span. _plaça_ (_plaza_).

=plackerd,= the forepart of a woman’s petticoat; ‘For fear of the

cut-purse, on a sudden she’ll swap thee into her plackerd’, Greene,

Friar Bacon, i. 3. See NED. (s.v. Placard).

=placket,= an apron or petticoat: hence _transf._ the wearer of a

petticoat, a woman, Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 22; the opening or slit at the

top of a skirt or petticoat, King Lear, iii. 4. 100; a pocket in a

woman’s skirt, ‘Which instrument . . . was found in my Lady Lambert’s

placket’, Hist. Cromwell (NED.).

=plage,= a region, country. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.); 2

Tamb. i. 1 (Orcanes). F. _plage_, region (Cotgr.). L. _plaga_, a region.

=plaice-mouth,= a mouth drawn on one side. Spelt _plaise-mouth_, B.

Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 2 (Epicene).

=plaie,= wound. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 2. F. _plaie_; L. _plaga_.

=plain,= to complain. King Lear, iii. 1. 39; ‘_Plaindre_, to plaine,’

Cotgrave.

=plain,= to plane. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 322. Hence, _Plainer_, a

carpenter’s plane, id., v. 314.

=plain-song,= a simple melody. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41; hence, ‘the

plain-song cuckoo’, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1.

=planch,= to board. _Planched_, covered with boards, Meas. for M. iv. 1.

30; _to plaunche on_, to clap on (something broad and flat), Gammer

Gurton’s Needle, i. 2. 12. F. _planche_, a plank.

=plancher,= a wooden floor, a flooring of planks; used in pl. Arden of

Fev. i. 1. 42; also boards (of a ship); Drayton, Pol. iii. 272. F.

_plancher_, ‘a boorded floor’ (Cotgr.).

=plange,= to lament, grieve. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, p. 25, st. 31.

L. _plangere_.

=planipedes,= pantomimes or entertainments with dancing; ‘The common

players of interludes called _Planipedes_, played barefoote vpon the

floore’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 15; p. 49. L. _planipedes_

(Juvenal).

=plant,= the sole of the foot; ‘Knotty legs, and plants of clay’, B.

Jonson, Masque of Oberon, song 5. F. _plante_, the sole. L. _planta_.

=plasma,= a form, mould, shape; ‘There is a Plasma, or deepe pit’,

Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes, in a mad speech); vol. iii, p. 424.

Gk. πλάσμα, anything formed or moulded.

=platic,= an astrological term used of an ‘aspect’ of a planet (NED.).

B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Spelt _platique_, Fletcher,

Bloody Brother, iv. 2. Med. L. _platicus_, late Gk. πλατυκός, -ικός,

broad, diffuse.

=plaudite, plaudity,= shout of applause, approval; ‘Cristall

plaudities’, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. L. _plaudite_, applaud

ye.

=play-pheer,= playfellow. Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 103. See =fere.=

=pleasant,= to render pleasant; ‘Some pleasant their lives’, Manchester

Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 51); ‘This tedious mortality, pleasant it how man

can’, id., p. 62.

=plight,= to fold, pleat, to intertwine into one combined texture.

Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 7; _plighted_, folded, Milton, Comus, 301;

_pleated_, King Lear, i. 1. 283 (Quarto edd.); Greene, Description of

the Shepherd, 21 (Dyce, 304). ME. _plyte_, to fold (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr.

ii. 1204). Anglo-F. _plit_ (Gower) = Norm. F. _pleit_ (Burguy), whence

E. _plait_. See Dict. (s.v. Plait).

=plompe,= a cluster, clump, mass; ‘A plompe of wood’, Morte Arthur, leaf

30, back, 19; bk. i, c. 16 (end); _plompes_, troops, bands; Gascoigne,

Fruites of Warre, st. 129. See =plump.=

=plotform,= a scheme, design, plan, contrivance. Grim the Collier, ii. 1

(Clinton); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 423; a level place constructed

for mounting guns, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, Works (ed. 1870, ii. 304).

See Dict. (s.v. Plot), and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 219.

=plough.= The parts of a plough are enumerated in Gervase Markham’s

Complete Husbandman (1614), quoted in Notes to Fitzherbert’s Husbandry,

p. 128, where they are fully explained. I merely enumerate them here.

(1) _Plough-beam_, a large and long piece of timber, forming an arch for

the other parts; (2) _The skeath_ (_sheath_), a piece of wood 2½ feet

long, mortised into the beam; (3) _Principal hale_, the left-handle;

also called _plough-tail_ or _plough-start_; (4) _Plough-head_ or

_share-beam_, about 3 feet in length; (5) _Plough-spindles_ or

_rough-staves_, two round pieces of wood that joined the handles

together; (6) _Righthand-hale_, or _plough-stilt_, smaller and weaker

than the other; (7) _Plough-rest_, a small piece of wood, fixed to the

plough-head and righthand-hale; (8) _Shelboard_, i.e. shield-board, a

strong board on the right side of the plough; (9) _Coulter_, a long

piece of iron in the front, to cut the soil; (10) _Share_; (11)

_Plough-foot_, or _plough-shoe_, before the coulter, to regulate the

depth of the furrow. The ploughman also had with him a _plough-mall_ or

small mallet; and, originally, a _plough-staff_ or _aker-staff_, for

clearing the mould-board when required.

=plough-staff,= an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or

clearing it of weeds. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 21. In use in Scotland

and the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Plough, II (49)).

=Plowden.= Proverb: _The case is altered, quoth Plowden._ For various

explanations see Grose, Local Proverbs (ed. 1790), Shropshire, and Ray,

Proverbial Phrases (under A), ed. Bohn, 147.

=ployden;= ‘A stub-bearded John-a-Stile with a ployden’s face’, Marston,

Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Crispinella). Not explained.

=pluck:= in phr. _to pluck down a side_, in card-playing, to cause the

loss or hazard of the side or party with which a person plays. Beaumont

and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, ii. 1 (Dula). See Nares.

=plumb,= perpendicularly; ‘Plumb down he drops’, Milton, P. L. ii. 933.

In prov. use in various parts of England, also in U.S.A., see EDD. (s.v.

Plum, adj.^{1}). F. ‘_à-plomb_, perpendicularly, downright’ (Cotgr.).

See Dict. (s.v. Plump).

=plume,= said of a hawk, to pluck feathers from a bird; also, to pluck,

despoil. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ample); Dryden, Absalom, 920.

=plummet,= a leaden bullet, hurled from a sling. North, tr. of Plutarch,

M. Antonius, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 190); a sounding-lead, used _fig._

a criterion of truth, ‘Lay all to the Line and Plummet of the written

word’, Gilpin, Demonology, iii. 17. 140 (NED.).

=plump,= a troop, flock; ‘A whole plump of rogues’, Beaumont and Fl.,

Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Guard); ‘A plump of fowl’, Dryden, tr. of

Aeneid, xii. 374; Theodore and Honoria, 316. See Nares. See =plompe.=

=plunge,= to overwhelm (with trouble or difficulty); ‘(He) was so

plunged and gravelled with three lines of Seneca’, Sir T. Browne, Rel.

Med. i. 21.

=plunge,= a critical situation, crisis, a dilemma. Greene, Looking

Glasse, iii. 2. Phr.: _to put to a plunge_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv.

1 (Sir Alexander). ‘_Il est au bout de son breviaire_, he is at a plunge

or nonplus’, Cotgrave (s.v. Breviaire). Cp. the Northants phrase, ‘I was

put to a plunge’, see EDD. (s.v. Plunge, sb.^{1}).

=Plymouth cloak,= a cudgel or staff, carried by one who walked _in

cuerpo_, and thus facetiously assumed to take the place of a cloak;

‘Shall I walke in a Plimouth Cloake (that’s to say) like a rogue, in my

hose and doublet, and a crabtree cudgell in my hand?’, Dekker, Honest

Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo); ‘A Plymouth cloak, that is, a cane or

staff’, Ray’s Proverbs out of Fuller’s Worthies (ed. Bohn, 201); Grose,

Local Proverbs in Glossary, 1790. See Nares.

=pocas palabras,= the Spanish for ‘few words’. Wonderfull Yeare 1603

(ed. 1732, p. 46); _paucas pallabris_, Tam. Shrew, Induct. i. 5. Span.

_palabra_, Med. L. _parabola_, ‘verbum, sermo’ (Ducange); a parable,

similitude (Vulgate, in N. T.) See Stanford.

=poinado,= a poniard. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70; Return

from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio); ‘_Poinard_, or _Poinado_’, Phillips,

1658.

=poinet, poynet,= an ornament for the wrist, a wristlet or bracelet. J.

Heywood, The Four P’s, in Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 10, col. 2; Hazlitt’s

Dodsley, i. 351 (altered to _poignet_). F. _poignet_, wrist; _poing_,

the fist. See NED.

=point,= a tagged lace for attaching hose to the doublet, and for

fastening various parts where buttons are now used. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2.

49. Very common, and the perpetual subject of jokes and quibbles; 1 Hen.

IV, ii. 4. 238; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 25.

=point:= in phr. _point of war_, a short strain sounded as a signal by a

trumpeter. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 52; Greene, Orl. Fur., ed. Dyce, p. 94;

Peele, Edw. I, i (Longshanks); ed. Dyce, p. 378. See NED. (s.v. Point,

sb.^{1} 9).

=point:= in phr. _to point_ [F. _à point_], to the smallest detail,

completely; ‘Armed to point’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 16; Tempest, i. 2.

194; ‘Are ye all fit?’ 1 _Gent._ ‘To point, sir’, Fletcher, Chances, i.

4. 2.

=point-device= (=-devyse=)=,= completely, perfectly, in every point.

Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 176; extremely precise, scrupulous to the point of

perfection, As You Like It, iii. 2. 401. ME. _poynt devys_: ‘Her nose

was wrought at poynt devys’ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1215); Anglo F. _à

point devis_, or _devis à point_, arranged to a proper point or degree.

See NED.

=pointed,= _pp._ appointed. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 12.

=poise,= a weight (for exercise), a dumb-bell; ‘_Poyses_ made of

leadde’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 16, § 1; _poyse_, heavy

fall; Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 54. See =peise.=

=poisure,= poise, balance, effect. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money,

i. 1 (Valentine).

=poking-stick, poker,= a stick or iron for setting the plaits of ruffs.

Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 228; Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iii. 2. 2.

_Poker_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).

=poldavy, polldavy,= a sort of coarse canvas; ‘_Poldavy_, or buckram’,

Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 54; Howell, Letters, vol. i, sect. 2,

let. 10 (1621). See Nares, and NED. Named from _Poldavide_, dep.

Finisterre, France; near Daoulas, whence E. _dowlas_ (Phil. Soc. Trans.,

May, 1904). The name is Breton, meaning ‘David’s pool’.

=poldron;= see =pouldron.=

=pole-ax;= see =pollax.=

=polehead,= a ‘poll-head’, a tadpole. Marston, What you Will, ii. 1

(Quadratus); ‘_Cavesot_, a polehead, black vermine wherof frogs do

come’, Cotgrave. Still in common use in the North; in Banffsh. the form

is _powet_ (or _powit_); see EDD. (s.v. Powhead). ME. _polhevede_ (Gen.

and Ex., 2977).

=polepennery,= extortion of pence; ‘To scrape for more rent is

polepennery’, Wily Beguiled, sc. ii (1st quarto, 1606).

=politien,= a politician. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4, pp.

158, 159; _politians_, pl., Lyly, Sappho, i. 3. OF. _policien_, a

citizen, a politician (Godefroy).

=poll,= to cut off the head of an animal, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi.

112; to cut short the hair, Greene, Upst. Courtier, D. iij. b. (NED.);

to plunder by excessive rent-raising, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 29); _to

poll and pill_, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 148); Spenser, F. Q. v. 2.

6.

=pollard,= an animal without horns, either one that has lost its horns,

or one of a hornless variety, used jocosely of a man who is not a

cuckold. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See Nares.

=pollax, pole-ax,= a battle-axe; ‘At hande strokes they use not swordes

but pollaxes’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 141); a halbert carried by the

body-guard of a king or great personage, ‘_Bec de faulcon_, a fashion of

Pollax borne by the Peeres of France, and by the French King’s

Pensioners’, Cotgrave; ‘_Mazzière_, a halberdier or poleaxe man, such as

the Queene of England’s gentlemen pencioners are’, Florio.

=pollenger,= a pollard tree. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 13.

=poller,= one who exacts fees, an extortioner. Spelt _poler_, Bacon,

Essay 56, 4.

=poll-hatchet,= a poll-axe; hence, one who wields a poll-hatchet; a term

of abuse or contempt. Spelt _powle-hatchett_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell,

613; and see Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 23, l. 29.

=polony,= a sausage made at Bologna, Italy. In Lord Cromwell, iii. 2.

131, Hodge, writing from Bologna, says that he is ‘among the Polonyan

Sasiges’. See Dict.

=pomeroy,= a variety of apple. Spelt _pom-roy_, Peacham, Comp.

Gentleman, c. 1, § 2. See NED.

=pomewater,= a large juicy kind of apple. L. L. L. iv. 2. 4; Dekker, Old

Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow); ‘When a pome-water, bestucke with a few

rotten cloves shall be more worth than the honesty of a hypocrite’, Vox

Græculi (in Brand’s Pop. Antiq., ed. 1848, i. 17). A Hampshire word

(EDD.).

=pommado,= an exercise of vaulting on a horse with one hand on the

pommel of the saddle. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury),

where we find ‘the whole, or half the pommado’. Marston has _pommado

reverso_, said to mean the vaulting _off_ the horse again. If so, ‘the

whole pommado’ may refer to both actions, and ‘the half pommado’ to one

of them. F. _pommade_, ‘the pommada, a trick in vaulting’ (Cotgr.).

=pompillion,= an ointment made of the buds of the black poplar;

‘_Populeon_, Popilion or Pompillion’, Cotgrave. OF. _populeon_

(Godefroy, Compl.). See NED.

=pompillion,= a term applied in contempt to a man. Fletcher, Women

Pleased, iii. 4 (Bartello). Not found elsewhere. See below.

=pompion,= a pumpkin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 41; B. Jonson, Time

Vindicated (Fame); ‘_Pompon_, a pumpion or melon’, Cotgrave. A Lanc.

word for a pumpkin, see EDD. (s.v. Pumpion). Du. _pompoen_, ‘a pompion,

pumpkin’ (Sewel).

=pon,= a pan, hollow, basin. Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 169. The pronunc. of

‘pan’ in the north-west of England (EDD.).

=ponder,= weight. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii (Alcmena); vol. iii, p.

102; a heavy blow, id. (Hercules), p. 142.

=pontifical,= bridge-making. Milton, P. L. x. 313. L. _pons_ (bridge) +

_facere_ (to make). It may be noted that L. _pontifex_ (a pontiff) has

probably nothing to do with bridge-making. See NED.

=pooke;= see =pouke.=

=poop-noddie, pup-noddie,= cony-catching, the art of befooling the

simpleton; ‘I saw them close together at Poop-noddie, in her closet’,

Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 242; see NED.

=poor-john,= a coarse fish (usually hake), salted and dried. Temp. ii.

2. 28; Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 15. See EDD. (s.v.

Poor).

=pooter,= the same as =poting-stick,= q.v. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix,

ch. 47, st. 8.

=pope-holy,= sanctimonious, hypocritical. Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 2, 205 b,

2); _pop-holy_, Skelton, Replycacion, 247; Garland of Laurell, 612. ME.

_pope-holy_ (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 284). In Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 415,

_Pope-Holy_ is used in the sense of ‘Hypocrisy’, being the translation

of the _papelardie_ of the French original.

=popering,= a kind of pear, brought from Poperinghe in W. Flanders.

Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 2 (Y. Chartley); _a poprin pear_,

Romeo, ii. 1. 38.

=popler,= porridge (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song);

_Poppelars_, porrage, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; _popplar of yarum_, mylke

porrage, id., p. 86; _poplars of yarrum_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1

(Song).

=popping,= chattering; said of one whose talk is mere popping sound;

foolish; ‘A poppynge fole’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 234; ‘Pratynge

poppynge dawes’, id., Replycacion, 39.

=popular,= populous; ‘How doth the popular City sit solitary!’, Jackson,

True Evang., T. iii. 184; ‘The most popular part of Scotland’, Kirkton,

Church History, 215 (EDD.). See NED., and Davies, Suppl. Gl.

=porcpisce,= a ‘porpoise’. Dryden, All for Love, iv. 1 (Ventidius);

_porpice_, Drayton, Polyolb. v. 235. See Dict.

=porpentine,= a porcupine. Hamlet, i. 5. 20; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 363;

used by Shaks. seven times, in four of these as the sign of an inn;

Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 31). See NED.

=porret, poret,= a young leek or onion. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 31;

‘_Porret_, yong lekes’, Palsgrave. F. _porrette_, ‘maiden leek, bladed

leek, unset leek’ (Cotgr.). Norm. F. _poret_, see Moisy (s.v. Porrette).

=port,= to carry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Compass); ‘Ported

spears’, Milton, P. L. iv. 980.

=port,= deferential attendance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 517; state,

splendid manner of living, Merch. of Ven. i. 1. 124.

=port,= the gate of a city. Coriolanus, i. 7. 1; v. 6. 6; Great Bible of

1539, Ps. ix. 14 (Prayer-book); Beaumont and Fl., Maid in the Mill, i.

1. 2; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Sapritius). F. _porte_, a gate.

=portague,= a Portuguese gold coin, worth varying according to time

between £3 5_s._ and £4 10_s._ B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 3. Spelt

_portigue_, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 5. 5; _portegue_, Phillips, Dict.,

1658; pl. _portagues_, Strype, Eccl. Mem. (ed. 1721, i. 18. 138); also,

_porteguez_, Davenant, News fr. Plymouth (NED.). The _s_ (_z_) of Span.

_Portugues_, Pg. _Portuguez_, ‘Portuguese’, was taken as a plural, hence

the English forms _portegue_, &c.

=portance,= carriage, bearing, deportment. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 232;

Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; ii. 3. 21.

=portcannons,= ornamental rolls or ‘canions’ round the legs of breeches;

see =canion.= Butler, Hud. i. 3. 926.

=portcullis,= an Elizabethan coin, stamped with a portcullis. B. Jonson,

Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Shift).

=porter’s lodge,= the place where great men used to exercise summary

punishment upon their servants; ‘To the porter’s lodge with him!’,

Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 2 (Don Philippo); Massinger, Duke of

Milan, iii. 2 (Graccho).

=portesse,= a portable breviary which can be taken out of doors. BIBLE,

Translators’ Preface, 9; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. 1882, 77). ME.

_portos_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1321); _portos_, ‘portiforium’ (Prompt.

EETS. 342, see note, no. 1662). OF. _portehors_ (Godefroy), Church L.

_portiforium_ (Ducange). See Dict.

=portmantua,= a ‘portmanteau’. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Mawworm).

=port-sale,= public sale to the highest bidder; ‘The soldiers making

portsale of their service to him that would give most’, North, tr. of

Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 18 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 124); ‘Persons were sold

out-right in port-sale under the guirland’ (_sub corona veniere)_,

Holland, Livy, xli. 1103; see NED. (s.v. Port, sb.^{2}).

=possede,= to possess. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 3, § 2.

=possess,= to put one in possession of a fact. Meas. for M. iv. 1. 44;

Merch. of Ven. i. 3. 65; King John, iv. 2. 41.

=post,= as set up before the door of a sheriff or magistrate. Posts were

used to fix proclamations on; and were sometimes painted anew when a new

magistrate came into office; ‘A sheriff’s post’, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 157;

‘Worship, . . . for so much the posts at his door should signifie’,

Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 12.

=post,= a messenger, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 100; v. 1. 46. Also, a

post-horse, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 40. Hence, _to post_, to go with speed,

hasten, Richard II, i. 1. 56; iii. 4. 90; v. 5. 59; ‘Thousands . . .

post o’er land and ocean without rest’, Milton, Sonnet xix; _post over_,

to hurry over, treat with negligence, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 255.

=post and pair,= a card-game, played with three cards each, wherein much

depended on _vying_, or betting on the goodness of the cards in your own

hand. The best hand was three aces; then three kings, queens, &c. If

there were no threes, the highest pairs won; or the highest game in the

three cards. B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); ‘The thrifty and right

worshipful game of Post and Pair’, id., Masque of Christmas (Offering).

See Nares.

=postil,= an explanatory note or comment on a word or passage in the

Bible. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 2 (ed. Arber, 23); _postill_, to

annotate, Bacon, Henry VIII (ed. Lumby, 193). ME. _postille_ (Wyclif,

Prol. 1 Cor.); see NED. Mod. L. _postilla_, a gloss on the Bible

(Ducange).

=post-knight,= a knight of the post, a notorious perjurer. A Knack to

know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 538. See =knight of the post.=

=posy,= a short motto, orig. a line or verse of ‘poesy’, inscribed

within a ring, on a knife, &c. Hamlet, iii. 2. 162; Middleton, Widow, i.

1 (Francisco); a bunch of flowers, Marlowe, Passionate Sheph. iii. See

Dict.

=pot.= In the expressions _to the pot_, or _to go to pot_, or _to go to

the pot_, the reference is to the cooking-pot; ‘Your poor sparrows . . .

go to the pot for’t’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 37); _to the

pot_, to destruction, Coriolanus, i. 4. 47; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p.

389).

=potargo,= ‘botargo’, cake made of the roe of the sea-mullet. Fletcher,

Sea-Voyage, iv. 3 (Master). Prov. _poutargo_, ‘caviar’ (Mistral,

Calendal). See Dict. (s.v. Botargo); also Stanford.

=potch,= to poach an egg. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (P. jun.).

=potch,= to thrust. Coriolanus, i. 10. 15. Still in use in Warw. in this

sense. See EDD. (s.v. Poach.)

=potestate,= chief magistrate. Morte Arthur, bk. v, c. 8; p. 174, l. 30;

pl., Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 3 (Damon).

=pot-gun,= used contemptuously for a small fire-arm; ‘How! fright me

with your pot-gun?’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iv. 4

(Norandine).

=poting-stick,= a piece of wood, bone, or iron, for adjusting the pleats

of a ruff. Marston, Malcontent, v. 3 (Maquerelle); Yorkshire Tragedy, i.

74. OE. _potian_, to push, thrust.

=potshare,= a potsherd. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 37. In use in Lonsdale,

Lancashire, see EDD. (s.v. Pot, 17 (65)).

=pottle,= half a gallon, or two quarts. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1

(Roger); _a pottell oyle_ (i.e. of oil); Naval Accounts of Henry VII, p.

16. ‘Pottle’ (a measure of two quarts) is still in use in Cheshire

(EDD.).

=pouke, pooke,= a ‘puck’, demon, goblin; ‘Chymæra, that same pooke’,

Golding, Metam. vi. 646; ‘Nor let the Pouke nor other evill sprights

. . . Fray us’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 341. ‘Pouk’ (‘pook’), a

mischievous fiend, still in use in Sussex and Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v.

Puck, sb.^{1}). ME. _pouke_: ‘I wene that knyght was a pouke’ (Coer de

Leon, 566); OE. _pūca_ (Napier’s OE. Glosses, 23. 2).

=pouke-bug,= for =puck-bug,= a malicious spectre. Stanyhurst, tr. of

Aeneid, iii. 594. See =bug.=

=pould,= bald-headed, or with lost hair. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 91.

=pouldre,= to beat into powder or dust. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 12; to

spot, id., iii. 2. 25. OF. _pouldre_ (F. _poudre_).

=pouldron, poldron,= a shoulder-plate; a piece of armour covering the

shoulder. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, c. 70, st. 13; Drayton, David

and Goliath. OF. espauleron, a shoulder-plate; _espaule_ (F. _épaule_),

shoulder. See NED.

=poulter,= a dealer in poultry. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed.

Dyce, p. 19; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. From _poult_, a chicken.

=poulter’s measure,= poulterer’s measure; a fanciful name for a metre

consisting of lines of 12 and 14 syllables alternately, common in Surrey

and Gascoigne. See Gascoigne’s Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 39).

=poult-foot, powlt-foot,= a club-foot, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 97); B.

Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 7. See NED. (s.v. Polt-foot).

=Poultry,= the Counter prison in the Poultry, London. Middleton, Phœnix,

iv. 3 (1 Officer); ‘Some four houses west from this parish church of St.

Mildred is a prison-house pertaining to one of the sheriffs of London,

and is called the Compter in the Poultrie’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p.

99).

=pounce,= to ornament (cloth, &c.) by punching small holes or figures;

also, to cut the edges into points and scallops, to jag. ‘A . . . cote,

garded and _pounced_’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 3, § 1;

Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 508. Cognate with Norm. F. _ponçon_, ‘poinçon,

instrument de fer ou d’acier servant à percer’ (Moisy).

=pouncet-box,= 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 38; a Shaks. term for a small box for

perfumes, with a perforated lid. It may be for _pounced box_, from

_pounce_, to perforate. See above.

=pouncing,= the action of powdering the face with a cosmetic, ‘Pouncings

and paintings’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1 (Valentine);

Knight of Malta, ii. 1 (Norandine). See NED. (s.v. Pounce, vb.^{3} 3).

=pouned,= impounded, shut up (as horses) in a pound; ‘Married once, a

man is . . . _poun’d_’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, iv. 1 (Novall jun.). Cp.

_pounded_; ‘fairly pounded’ (i.e. married), Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. 1

(Sir H. Beagle).

=powder,= to sprinkle with salt, to salt. 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 112. Hence

_Powder-beef_, salted beef, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3. 4. Also,

to sweat in a hot tub, to cure disease; Meas. for M. iii. 2. 62;

_powdering-tub_, Hen. V, ii. 1. 79.

=practice,= scheming or planning, treachery. King Lear, ii. 4. 116; B.

Jonson, Catiline, iii. 5 (Catulus). See Nares.

=practive,= practical, active, expert; ‘Most hardy practive knights’,

Phaer, Aeneid viii, 518. See NED.

†=prage,= a spear or similar weapon; ‘Their blades they brandisht, and

keene _prages_ goared in entrayls Of stags’, &c., Stanyhurst, tr. of

Aeneid, i. 197. Is _prage_ a misreading of _prāge_ = _prange_ = _prong_

(see NED.)?

=praise,= to appraise, value. Puritan Widow, ii. 2. 14. In prov. use in

Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Prize, v.^{2} 1).

=prancome,= a prank, trick. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (Hodge). Not

found elsewhere.

=prank,= showily dressed; ‘Pretie pranck parnel’, Appius and Virginia,

in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Prank, 1).

=prankie-cote,= pranky coat; a jocose term for a fellow full of pranks.

Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 117. Not found elsewhere.

=prats,= buttocks (Cant); ‘_Prat_, a buttocke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 82;

‘Set me down here on both my prats’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Mort).

=prease,= to press. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 19; to throng, F. Q. ii. 7.

44; a press, crowd, throng, F. Q. ii. 10. 25; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i.

226. Gk. ὄχλος in Luke viii. 19 is rendered by _prease_ in Tyndale and

in Cranmer’s Bible, also in the Geneva and AV. versions. See Nares. This

is still the pronunc. of ‘press’ in Lanc. (EDD.).

=precisian,= one who is very punctilious, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 5;

synonymous with ‘Puritan’, ‘He’s no precisian, that I’m certain of, Nor

rigid Roman Catholic’, 13. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3. 102;

Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1. 6. See Nares.

=pree,= short for _pree thee_, _prithee_, i.e. I pray thee. Marston,

What you Will, iii. 2 (Holofernes).