banners, heraldic devices, and lighted candles, on which it was
customary for friends to pin short poems or epitaphs; ‘Underneath this
sable hearse’, B. Jonson, Epit. on the Countess of Pembroke; Middleton,
Women beware, iii. 2 (Livia); a coffin on a bier, Richard III, i. 2. 2.
See Dict.
=heart at grass:= phr. _to take heart at grasse_; ‘Rise, therefore,
Euphues, and take heart at grasse, younger thou shalt never bee, plucke
up thy stomacke’, Lyly, Euphues (Nares); Tarlton’s Newes out of
Purgatorie, 24. See Nares (s.v. Heart of grace).
=heart of grace:= phr. _to take heart of grace_; ‘His absence gave him
so much heart of grace’, Harington, Ariosto, xxii. 37; ‘Take heart of
grace, man’, Ordinary (Nares). See Nares (s.v. Grace, 3).
=heart-breaker,= a lovelock, a curl; jocosely. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i,
c. 1, 253.
=heautarit,= quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab.
_ʿuṭârid_, the planet Mercury; also, quicksilver (Steingass).
=heave a bough,= rob a booth or shop. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl,
v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘_To heve a bough_, to robbe or rifle a boeweth
[booth]’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84.
=heave and ho,= a cry of sailors in heaving the anchor, &c.; hence, with
might and main; ‘With heaue and hoaw on Bacchus name they shout’, Phaer,
Aeneid vii, 389; ‘Heue and how’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252.
=heben,= ebony; ‘_Hebene_, Heben or Ebony, the black and hard wood of a
certain tree growing in Aethiopia and the East Indies’, Cotgrave; _heben
wood_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37. L. _hebenus_, Gk. ἔβενος, the ebony
tree; cp. Heb. _hobnîm_, billets of ebony (Ezek. xxvii. 15).
=hebenon,= name given to some substance having a poisonous juice,
Hamlet, i. 5. 62; _hebon_, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iii. 4 (Barabas). Cp.
Gower, C. A. iv. 3017, ‘Bordes Of hebenus that slepi Tree’, borrowed
from Ovid, Metam. xi. 610 ff., ‘Torus est ebeno sublimis . . . Quo cubat
ipse deus membris languore solutis.’
=hecco,= the woodpecker; ‘The laughing hecco’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 80;
‘The sharp-neb’d hecco’, The Owl, 206. Cp. Glouc. _heckwall_, see EDD.
(s.v. Hickwall).
=heckfer,= a heifer. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 811; ‘Heckfare,
_bucula_’, Levins, Manip. ME. _hekfere_, ‘juvenca’ (Prompt.); ‘buccula,
juvenca’ (Voc. 758. 3). Formerly in prov. use in the north country and
in E. Anglia, but now obsolete, see EDD. (s.v. Heifer).
=heedling,= headlong. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘To tumble a man
heedlinge down the hyll’, Cranmer, Pref. to Bible; precipitately, ‘His
armie flying headling back againe’, Knolles, Hist. Turks (ed. 1621,
170).
=heft,= weight. Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 15. Hence, stress, need,
_emergency_; ‘Forsooke each other at the greatest heft’, Ferrex, st. 5.
In common prov. use in the midland and southern counties: it means
weight, esp. the weight of a thing as ascertained by lifting it in the
hand, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{1} 1).
=heggue,= a hag, malicious female sprite; ‘Heggues that are seen in the
feldes by night like Fierbrandes’, Arber, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 23;
‘The ayery heggs’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 31.
=heir,= to be heir to, to inherit. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 714;
Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 161.
=hell,= the ‘den’ for prisoners in the games of Barley-break and
Prison-bars; ‘Here’s the last couple in hell’, Beaumont and Fl.,
Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless). See =barley-break.=
=hell-waine,= a phantom wagon, seen in the sky at night. Middleton, The
Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); R. Scott, Disc. Witchcraft, vii. 15 (ed. 1886,
122). In the Netherlands the Great Bear is called _Hellewagen_, see
Grimm, Teut. Myth. 802.
=helm,= the helmet or head of a still. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1
(Subtle).
=helm,= a handle. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 312. See Dict.
=helmster,= the tiller of a helm. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, vi. 571.
=helo=(=e, healo,= bashful; ‘_Il est né tout coiffé_, hee is verie
maidenlie, shamfaced, heloe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611); ‘_Honteux_,
shamefast, bashful, helo, modest’, id.; ‘_Heloe_ or _helaw_, bashful, a
word of common use’, Ray, North Country Words, 25; _hala_, Shadwell,
Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Lolpool). In common prov. use in the north
country as far south as Cheshire and Derbysh. (EDD.).
=helops,= a savoury sea-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 13. L.
_helops_, _ellops_; Gk. ἔλλοψ. See =ellops.=
=hempstring,= a worthless fellow; a term of reproach, with reference to
a halter. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 2 (Psiteria); ‘A perfect young
hemp-string’, Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, v. 1 (Vaumont). In Scotland
(Forfarsh.) a hangman’s halter is called a hempstring (EDD.).
†=hemule, hemuse,= a roebuck in its third year. _Hemule_, Book of St.
Albans, fol. E4, back; _hemuse_, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45, p. 143. See
NED.
=hench-boy,= a page. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.); Randolph,
Muses’ Looking Glass, i. 4 (Mrs. Flowerdew); _hinch-boy_, B. Jonson,
Gipsies Metamorphosed (Song). Cp. _henchman_, a page, Mids. Nt. D. ii.
1. 121; ‘A henchman or henchboy, _page d’honneur, qui marche devant
quelque Seigneur de grand authorité_ (Sherwood).’ See Prompt. EETS.
(note, no. 999).
=hend,= to hold, grasp. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 27; to cast, hurl, Mirror
for Mag., Brennus, st. 83. OE. _ge-hendan_, to hold in the hand.
=hent,= to seize, lay hold of. Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 133; pt. t. _hent_,
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 1; pp. _hent_, occupied, Meas. for Measure, iv. 6.
14; caught, taken, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 553. ME. _hente_,
to seize (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3347); OE. _hentan_.
=her,= their. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 160; Sept., 39. ME. _here_
(_her_) of them, their (Chaucer); OE. _hira_; see Dict. M. and S.
=herber,= a green plot, flower-garden. Lusty Juventus, Song after
Prologue, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 46. ME. _herber_, a garden (Chaucer,
Tr. and Cr. ii. 1705); an arbour (Leg. G. W. 203). See Dict. (s.v.
Arbour).
=herberow,= a lodging, shelter. Morte Arthur, leaf 77. 11; bk. iv, c.
25; _herborowe_, v., to lodge, provide shelter for, id., lf. 90, back,
19; bk. v, c. 11. ME. _herberwe_, a lodging, shelter; an inn; a harbour
(Chaucer). Icel. _herbergi_, lit. army-shelter. See =harborough.=
=herden,= made of hards or fibres of flax. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 118.
In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Harden, sb.).
=heriot;= see =harriot.=
=herneshaw,= a young heron. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 9; ‘_Heronceau_, an
hernshawe’, Palsgrave; _hernesewe_, Golding, Metam. xiv. 580;
_heronsew_, Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 282. For
numerous prov. pronunciations of the word, which is in common use from
the north country to Kent, see EDD. (s.v. Heronsew). ME. _heronsewe_
(Chaucer, C. T. F. 68); Anglo-F. _herouncel_ (Rough List).
=herring-bones,= stitches arranged in a zigzag pattern. Marston, Scourge
of Villainy, Sat. vii. 20.
=hersall,= rehearsal. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 18.
=herse,= a harrow triangular in form; ‘The archers ther (at the battle
of Creçy) stode in maner of a herse’ (i.e. drawn up in a triangular
formation), Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. cxxx. F. _herce_, a harrow
(Cotgr.); Ital. _erpice_; L. _hirpex_ (_irpex_). See Dict. (s.v.
Hearse).
=hery, herry,= to praise, honour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 13; Shep. Kal.,
Feb., 62; Nov., 10; _herried_, pret., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii.
347. ME. _herie_, to praise (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1672); OE.
_herian_.
=Hesperides,= the garden of the Hesperides; ‘Trees in the Hesperides’,
L. L. L. iv. 3. 341; ‘the plot Hesperides’, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 56;
p. 90, col. 1; ‘The garden called Hesperides’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii.
2 (1168); scene 9. 82 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D.).
=hew,= a hewing, hacking, slaughter. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 49.
=hewte,= a copse. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 75; ‘Small groues or
hewts’, id., c. 31; p. 81; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, ii. 731. OE.
_hiewet_, a hewing (Gregory’s Past, xxxvi); cp. _copse_, from OF.
_coper_, to cut.
=hey;= see =hay.=
=heydeguyes;= see =hay-de-guy.=
=heyward,= an officer of a township who had charge of hedges and
enclosures. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 11, p. 41. In prov. use in
many parts of England (EDD.). ME. _heyward_, ‘agellarius’ (Prompt.). See
=hay= (hedge).
=hiccius doctius,= a similar word to ‘hocus-pocus’, used in imitation of
Latin by conjurers who performed tricks; hence, a conjurer’s trick, a
cheat. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 580.
=hidder and shidder,= male and female animals. Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
Sept., 211. _Hidder_ = _he-der_, he ‘deer’, i.e. male animal; _shidder_
= _she-der_, she ‘deer’, i.e. female animal. In Yorks. and Lincoln the
sheep-farmers speak of a flock of ‘he-ders’ and ‘she-ders’, see EDD.
(s.v. He, 10 (6)).
=high-copt,= high-topped. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. See =coppe.=
=high-lone,= entirely alone; said of a child learning to walk. Romeo, i.
3. 36 (1 quarto); Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 2. 9. [‘The Mares . . .
were scarce able to go high-lone’, G. Washington, Diary, March 13, 1760
(NED.).]
=highmen,= loaded dice that produced high throws. Middleton, Your Five
Gallants, v. 1 (Fitsgrave); ‘Two bayle of false dyce, _videlicet_, high
men and loe men’, London Prodigal, i. 1. 218.
=hight,= to promise; ‘And vowes men shal him hight’, Phaer, Aeneid, i.
290. In Chaucer we find _highte_, pt. t. of _hote_, to promise (Tr. and
Cr. v. 1636; C. T. E. 496); OE. _hēht_ (_hēt_), pt. t. of _hātan_ to
promise, to bid, command. See =hot= (=hote=).
=hight,= _pr._ and _pt. t._, is or was called; ‘_I hight_’, I am named,
Peele, Araynement of Paris, i. 1 (Venus); was called, was named, ‘She
Queene of Faeries hight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 14; ‘The citie of the
great king hight it well.’ This is a Chaucerian spelling and usage, the
form being due to ME. _hight_ (promised, commanded), see above. In
Chaucer we find _hight_, ‘is called’, and ‘was called’ (Leg. G. W. 417,
and 725). But we also find the regular form _hatte_ for both pres. and
pt. t. (Tr. and Cr. iii. 797; H. Fame, 1303). OE. _hātte_, is or was
called, pr. and pt. t. of _hātan_. This is the only trace of the old
passive voice preserved in English, cp. Goth. _haitada_, I am called.
=higre,= the ‘bore’ in a river. Drayton, Pol. vii. 10; xxviii. 482. Med.
L. _Higra_ in William of Malmesbury, De Pontific.: ‘Anglis dictus quidam
quotidianus aquarum Sabrinae fluvii furor quem vel voraginem vel
vertiginem undarum dicam nescio’ (Ducange). See EDD. (s.v. Eagre).
=hild,= to heel over, to lean over; ‘_I hylde_, I leane on the one syde,
as a bote or shyp’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian form, see EDD. (s.v. Heald,
vb.^{1} 1). ME. _hilde_, to incline; _heldyn_, ‘inclino’ (Prompt.). OE.
_hieldan_ (late WS. _hyldan_, Kentish _heldan_), to incline. See NED.
(s.v. Hield).
=hilding,= a good-for-nothing person of either sex. Applied to a man,
All’s Well, iii. 6. 4; applied to a woman; a jade, a baggage, Romeo,
iii. 5. 169; Dryden, Spanish Fryar, ii. 3; a worthless horse, Holland’s
Livy, xxi. 40, p. 415. See Nares.
=hill,= to cover; to cover from sight, to hide. Warner, Albion’s
England, bk. iv, ch. 21, st. 27; _hild_, pp. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 472.
In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Wilts., see
EDD. (s.v. Hill, vb.^{2}). ME. _hyllyn_, ‘operio’ (Prompt.); _hile_
(Wyclif, Mark 14. 65). Icel. _hylja_, to cover.
=himp,= to hobble, to limp; ‘Lame of one leg, and himping’, Udall, tr.
of Apoph., Philip, § 35; ‘Hymping on the one legge’, id., Alexander, §
57. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Cp. Du. dial. _himp-_, in _himphamp_,
‘een hinkend persoon’ (Boekenoogen).
=hinch-boy;= see =hench-boy.=
=hine,= a farm-labourer, a ‘hind’. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, vii. 504; Waller,
Suckling’s Verses, 33. This form is in prov. use in Lakeland, Yorks. and
in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Hind, sb.^{1}). ME. _hyne_
(Wyclif, John x. 12). OE. _hī_(_w_)_na man_, a man of the household, of
the servants; _hī_(_w_)_na_, gen. pl. of _hīwan_, domestics.
=hing,= to hang. Machin, The Dumb Knight, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128.
In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in England in the north and
midland counties as far as Warwick. ME. _hinge_, to hang, to be hung
(Wars Alex. 4565). Icel. _hengja_ (causal vb.).
=hinny,= to neigh as a horse; ‘I hynnye as a horse’, Palsgrave; ‘He
neigheth and hinnieth, all is hinnying sophistry’, B. Jonson, Barthol.
Fair, v. 3 (Busy).
=hippocras,= a cordial drink made of wine flavoured with spices.
Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Lady); _Hypocrace_, ‘vinum
myrrhatum’, Levins, Manipulus; _ipocras_, Heywood, 1 Pt. Edw. IV. (Wks.
ed. 1874, i. 10). ME. _ipocras_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1807); see note in
Wks., v. 361. OF. _ipocras_, _ypocras_, forms of the Greek proper name
Hippocrates, a famous physician, died B.C. 357. The cordial was so
called because it was run through a strainer or ‘Ipocras’ bag, see NED.
(s.v. Hippocras bag). See Stanford.
=hippodame,= a name given by Spenser to a fabulous sea-monster, F. Q.
ii. 9. 50; iii. 11. 40. The allusion is probably to the ‘hippocamp’, or
sea-horse, a monster with a horse’s body and a fish’s tail, used by the
sea-gods, cp. W. Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 1: ‘Fair silver-footed Thetis
. . . Guiding from rockes her chariot’s hyppocamps.’ In the form
_hippodame_, Spenser was probably thinking of _hippotame_, ME.
_ypotame_, hippopotamus (K. Alis. 5184); see NED. (s.v. Hippopotamus).
=hippogrif,= a fabulous creature like a griffin, but with the body and
hindquarters of a horse, Milton, P. L. iv. 542. Ital. _ippogrifo_
(Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, iv. 4 and follg.), rendered ‘griffin-horse’
in Hoole’s Ariosto, iv. 125.
=Hiren,= a seductive female; ‘Haue wee not Hiren here?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii.
4. 173 (1597). An allusion to a female character in Peele’s play of ‘The
Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin the fair Greek’ (ab. 1594); see NED. The
initial _H_ is superfluous, as the allusion is to the name Irene (F.
_Irène_), Gk. εἰρήνη, peace. See Greene and Peele’s Works, ed. Dyce, p.
341. This play by Peele is lost.
=his,= after a sb., used instead of the genitive inflexion, chiefly with
proper names; ‘For Jesus Christ his sake’, Book Com. Prayer;
‘Secretaries to the kyng his moste excellente majestie’, Robinson, tr.
More’s Utopia, Ep. (ed. Lumby, 2); ‘Edward the Second of England, his
Queen’, Bacon, Essay 19. See NED. (s.v. His, 4), and Notes to P.
Plowman, C. xix. 236, p. 381. See Nares.
=histriomastix,= a severe critic of playwrights. Lady Alimony, i. 2
(Trills), where the epithet of ‘crop-eared’ is prefixed. The allusion is
to the book entitled ‘Histriomastix, The Players’ Scourge’, by W.
Prynne, published in 1633; for which he lost both ears, and was
pilloried. L. _histrio_, an actor + Gk. μάστιξ, a scourge.
=hizz,= to hiss. King Lear, iii. 6. 17; Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25
(ed. Arber, p. 46).
=ho,= a cry calling on one to stop; cessation, intermission, limit. Phr.
_out of all ho_, out of all limit, beyond all moderate bounds, Greene,
Friar Bacon, iv. 2 (1733); scene 11. 73 (W.); p. 174, col. 2 (D.). In
Yorkshire they say, ‘There is no ho with him’, i.e. there is no
moderation, he is not to be restrained. ‘Out of all ho’ in the sense of
‘immoderately’ is a common phrase in the west Midlands. See EDD. (s.v.
Ho, sb.^{1} 5). ME. _ho_, cessation, in phr. _withouten ho_ (Chaucer,
Tr. and Cr. ii. 1083). See Nares.
=hob,= a sprite, hobgoblin. Mirror for Mag., Glendour, st. 8; ‘From
elves, hobs, and fairies . . . From fire-drakes and fiends . . . Defend
us, good heaven!’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 6. For the folk-lore
connected with the sprite called _Hob_, see EDD. _Hob_ is a familiar or
rustic abbreviation of the name Robert or Robin, cp. Coriolanus, ii. 3.
123, ‘To beg of Hob and Dick’. See Nares.
=hoball,= a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek);
‘An hobbel, cobbel, dullard, _haebes_, _barbus_’, Levins, Manipulus. In
prov. use in the north, meaning a fool, a dull, stupid person, a
blockhead, see EDD. (s.v. Hobbil, sb.^{1}).
=hobby,= a small kind of hawk; ‘_Hobreau_, the hawke tearmed a hobby’,
Cotgrave; Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 195; _hobies_, pl., Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, cap. xviii. ME. _hoby_, ‘alaudarius’ (Cath. Angl.); OF.
_hobe_, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Hobereau).
=hobby,= a small or middle-sized horse; ‘_Hobin_, a hobbie, a little
ambling horse’, Cotgrave; _hobby-headed_, shaggy-headed like a hobby or
small pony, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). ‘Hobby’ is in
prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hobby, sb.^{1} 1),
also in Ireland, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 274.
=hobby-horse.= In the morris-dance and on the stage, a figure of a
horse, made of light material, and fastened about the waist of the
performer, who imitated the antics of a skittish horse; also, the
performer. L. L. L. iii. 1. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle,
iv. 5 (Ralph).
=hobler,= for =hobbler,= a child’s top that wobbles, or spins
unsteadily. Hence, a useless toy, Lyly, Mother Bombie, v. 3 (Bedunenus).
=hob-man-blind,= a name for the game of blind-man’s-buff. Two Angry
Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 364; Heywood, Wise Wom. Hogsdon, iii.
(Works, v. 310). ‘Hobman’ in Yorkshire is a name for a sprite,
hobgoblin, see EDD. (s.v. Hob, sb.^{1} 4 (2)).
=hock-cart,= the last cart at harvest-home. Herrick has a short poem,
entitled ‘The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home’, where he says, ‘The harvest
swains and wenches bound For joy, to see the Hock-Cart crown’d’ (Nares);
see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 301. Cp. the Hertfordsh. term ‘the Hockey Cart’,
the cart that brings in the last corn of the harvest, see EDD. (s.v.
Hockey, sb.^{1} 2 (2)). Prob. conn. with Low G. _hokk_ (pl. _hokken_), a
heap of sheaves (Berghaus). See =hooky.=
=Hock-day,= the second Tuesday after Easter Sunday (NED.). _Hock
Monday_, the Monday in ‘Hock-tide’; ‘Rec^{d} of the women upon Hoc
Monday 5_s._ 2_d._’, Churchwardens’ Accounts, Kingston-upon-Thames, ann.
1578, see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 104; spelt _Hough-munday_, Arden of
Feversham, iv. 3. 43. See NED. (s.v. Hock-day) and EDD. (s.v. Hock,
sb.^{2} 1 (2)).
=hoddydoddy,= a short and dumpy person; a simpleton, dupe. Udall,
Roister Doister, i. 1. 25; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 10. 65. See
EDD. (s.v. Hoddydoddy, 3).
=hoddypeke,= a simpleton. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, iii. 3 (Chat);
Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1176; _huddypeke_, The Four Elements, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 326.
=hodermoder, in,= in secret, secretly. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 69; _in
huddermother_, Ascham, Toxophilus, ed. Arber, p. 36; spelt
_huddermudder_, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 74; _hudther-mudther_,
Golding, Metam. xiii. 15.
=hodmandod,= a shell-snail. Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo); Bacon,
Sylva, § 732. An E. Anglian word (Ray, 1691); also in prov. use in
various parts of England, meaning (1) a snail, (2) a clumsy ill-shaped
person, (3) a simpleton, (4) a mean stingy person, (5) a scarecrow
(EDD.).
=hogrel, hoggerel,= a young sheep of the second year; ‘Hoggerell, a yong
shepe’, Palsgrave; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 72. ‘Hoggrel’ is in
common prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England for a young
sheep, before it has been shorn (EDD.).
=hog-rubber,= a clown; a term of reproach. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii.
2 (Moll).
=hoiden,= a rude, ignorant, ill-bred man. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii.
1 (Hilts); ‘Shall I argue of conversation with this hoyden?’, Milton,
Colasterion (Works, ed. 1851, p. 364); ‘_Badault_, a fool, dolt, sot,
fop, ass, coxcomb, gaping hoydon’, Cotgrave. Du. _heyden_, ‘homo
agrestis et incultus’ (Kilian).
=hoigh, on the,= in a state of excitement, riotously disposed, jolly.
Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (NED.); Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 1
(Sir Francis). _Hoigh_ = _hoy_, an interjectional cry denoting
excitement.
=hoit,= to be noisy; to indulge in noisy mirth. Beaumont and Fl., Knt.
of Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. M.); Etherege, Man of Mode, v. 2
(Dorimant); Fuller, Pisgah, ii. 4. 6. ‘To hoit’, to play the fool;
‘hoyting’, riotous and noisy mirth, are in prov. use in the north
country, see EDD. (s.v. Hoit, vb.^{1} 4).
=hokos pokos,= a juggler. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Mirth). Cp.
G. _hokuspokus_, jugglery; see Weigand and H. Paul.
=Hole, the;= See =counter= (3). In Cook’s play of Green’s Tu Quoque
(printed in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 563) Spendall is represented as in
prison ‘on the Master’s side’, or the best part of the prison. But he
runs through his money, and is advised to remove ‘into some cheaper
ward’. He asks ‘What ward should I remove in?’ Holdfast replies, ‘Why,
to the Twopenny Ward; . . . or, if you will, you may go into the Hole,
and there you may feed for nothing.’ See =basket.=
=Hollantide,= the season of All Saints, the first week in November, All
Hallows’-tide. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.);
_All-holland-tide_, Your Five Gallants, iv. 2 (Servant). See EDD. (s.v.
Hallantide). OE. _Hālgena tīd_, the Saints’ Season.
=holt,= a small wood or grove. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 3
(Sul. Shepherd). ME. _holt_, a plantation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 6). OE.
_holt_, a wood (Beowulf).
=Holyrood, Holyrode-day,= the Festival of the Invention of the Holy
Cross, May 3; ‘Any time between Martilmas and holy-rode day’,
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; the Festival of the Exaltation of the
Holy Cross, Holy Cross Day, September 14, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 52.
=honest,= chaste. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 247; iii. 3. 236; iv. 2. 107;
‘Like as an whore envyeth an honest woman’, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xvi. 49.
=honniken,= a term of contempt; a despised fellow. Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, iv. 5 (Lord Mayor); here _honniken_ is equated to needy knave.
Evidently connected with MHG. _hone_, a despised person, one who lives
in shame and contempt; cp. G. _hohn_, scorn, derision.
=honorificabilitudinitatibus.= Given as a specimen of a long word, L. L.
L. v. 1. 41; Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool).
=hooch,= a ‘hutch’, a chest. Gascoigne, Flowers (ed. Hazlitt, i. 67).
‘Hutch’ is in common prov. use in Suffolk for one of those oaken chests
still to be seen in cottages (EDD.). ME. _huche_, ‘cista, archa’
(Prompt.); see note, no. 1031 (EETS., p. 622). See =hutch.=
=hoodman-blind,= the game now called blind-man’s-buff. Hamlet, iii. 4.
77; _hudman-blind_, Merry Devil, i. 3. 52. From the _hood_ used to blind
the _man_. Cp. _hoodman_, blinded man, All’s Well, iv. 3. 136. [This old
word ‘hoodman-blind’ appears in Tennyson’s In Memoriam, lxxviii.]
=hooky, hooky,= a cry at harvest-home. Nash, Summer’s Last Will
(Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 54. See EDD. (s.v. Hockey,
sb.^{1}). See =hock-cart.=
=hoop,= to shout with wonder. Hen. V, ii. 2. 108; to shout at with
insult, Cor. iv. 5. 84. (Usually altered to _whoop_.) Hence, _Hooping_,
a cry of surprise, exclamation of wonder, As You Like It, iii. 2. 203.
ME. _howpe_, to utter a hoop (Chaucer, C.T. B. 4590), OF. _huper_ (later
_houper_).
=hoove;= see =hove.=
=hope,= expectation unaccompanied by desire. 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 235;
Othello, i. 3. 203; to expect, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 4 (Fernando);
iv. 2 (Roseilli); Antony and Cl. ii. 1. 38.
=hopper,= the hopper of a mill; _hopper-hipped_, shaped about the hips
like a ‘hopper’. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir Simon);
_hopper-rumped_, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Sordido).
=hopper-crow,= a crow that follows a seed-hopper during sowing. Greene,
James IV, v. 2. 10. See NED. ‘Hopper’, a seed-basket used in sowing corn
by hand, is in prov. use from the north of England to Shropshire (EDD.).
=hopshakles,= ‘hap-shackles’, bands for confining a horse or cow at
pasture. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 128. ‘Hapshackle’ still in use in
Scotland (NED.).
=horion,= a severe blow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 19. F. _horion_,
‘a dust, cuff, rap, knock, thump’ (Cotgr.).
=horn,= a horn-thimble; ‘A horn on your thumb’, Cambyses, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, iv. 235. See =horn-thumb.=
=hornbook,= a paper containing the alphabet, &c., protected by a
transparent plate of horn, and mounted on a wooden tablet with a handle.
Used for teaching the very young. L. L. L. v. 1. 49; Two Noble Kinsmen,
ii. 3. 46.
=horn-keck,= the gar-fish. Used _fig._, ‘Suche an horne-keke’ (as a term
of abuse), Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 77; l. 304.
=horn-thumb,= a thimble of horn worn on the thumb by cut-purses, for
resisting the edge of the knife in cutting; ‘I mean a child of the
horn-thumb, a babe of booty, a cut-purse’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1
(Overdo). Cp. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 5 (1661); p. 138, col. 2.
=horrent,= bristling. Milton, P. L. ii. 513. L. _horrens_, rough,
bristled.
=horse,= pl. horses. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 280 (and very often).
OE. _hors_, horses, pl. of _hors_.
=horsecorser,= a dealer in horses. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1084. ‘A
Horse Courser, or Horse scourser, _mango equorum_’, Minsheu (1627);
_horse-courser_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; Marlowe, Faustus,
iv. 6. See =corser.=
=hose,= clothing for the legs and loins, breeches. As You Like It, ii.
7. 160; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 185, 239. ‘Doublet and hose’, the typical male
attire (i.e. without a cloak), Much Ado, i. 203; Merry Wives, iii. 1.
47.
=hospitage,= hospitality. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 6. Med. L.
_hospitagium_ (Ducange).
=hospitale,= a place of rest, a building for receiving guests, a
‘hostel’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 10. Med. L. _hospitale_ (Ducange).
=host,= a victim to be sacrificed. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 196. L.
_hostia_, an animal sacrificed, victim.
=host,= to receive as a guest, to entertain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27;
_hosted with_, lodged with, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2.
=hostless,= inhospitable. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 3.
=hostry,= a hostelry, an inn, lodging; ‘There was no roume for them in
the hostrey’, Tyndale, Luke ii. 7; Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23; Marlowe,
Faustus, iv. 6 (near the end). OF. _hosterie_, _hostrie_, an inn. Cp.
Ital. _osteria_.
=hot,= _pt. t._ of _hit_. Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
vii. 276; Beard, Theatre, God’s Judgem. i. 21 (ed. 1631, 122); pp., R.
Scott, Discov. Witcher. xii. 15 (ed. 1886, 206). In prov. use in
Warwicksh., Bedfordsh., and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Hit, 2 and 3).
=hot, hote,= was named, was called; ‘It rightly hot The well of life’,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 29; ‘Another Knight that hote Sir Brianor’, ib.,
iv. 4. 40. OE. _hātte_ (Matt. xiii. 55), pres. and pt. t. of _hātan_, to
be called. See =hight.=
=hote,= _pt. t._, named; ‘A shepheard trewe yet not so true As he that
earst I hote’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 164. A mistaken form, from
confusion with the above. The usual late ME. form is _hight_ (_hiȝt_),
_hehte_ (in Layamon); OE. _hēht_ (_hēt_), pt. t. of _hātan_, to call,
name.
=hot-house,= a bagnio, house for hot baths; a house of ill-fame. Measure
for M. ii. 1. 66; Westward Ho (near the beginning).
=Hough-munday;= see =Hock-day.=
=hounces,= housings, trappings of a horse; ‘Gemmes That stood upon the
Collars, Trace, and Hounces in their Hemmes’, Golding, Metam. ii. 109
(not in Latin text). The explanation in NED., ‘an ornament on the collar
of a horse’, applies only to other passages; in this case, the gems
ornamented the collars, traces, and housings. ‘Hounce’ is an E. Anglian
word for the red and yellow worsted ornament spread over the collar of a
cart-horse (EDD.). It is a nasalized form of F. _housse_, a foot-cloth
for a horse (Cotgr.).
=housel= (_fig._ used), to give repentance to; ‘May zealous smiths so
housel all our hacknies, that they may feel compunction in their feet’,
Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1, (Shorthose). See below.
=housling;= ‘The housling fire’, i.e. the sacramental fire, Spenser, F.
Q. i. 12. 37. The Roman marriage was solemnized _sacramento ignis et
aquae_. ME. _houselen_, to administer the Eucharist (P. Plowman, B. xix.
3); _housele_, the Eucharist (ib., C. xxii. 394). OE. _hūsel_. See Dict.
(s.v. Housel).
=hout,= a ‘hoot’, an outcry, clamour. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iv. 1
(Andrugio). See Dict. (s.v. Hoot).
=hove,= to tarry, stay, dwell. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 20; Colin Clout,
666; ‘(At Bosworth) some stode hovynge a-ferre of’, Fabyan (cited by
Way). A north-country word, now obsolete (EDD.). ME. _hovyn_, as hors,
and abydyn, ‘sirocino’, Prompt. EETS. 236. See Dict. M. and S., and
Way’s note in Prompt., p. 252.
=Howleglas;= see =Owlglass.=
=howres,= hours, i.e. the prayers said at the canonical hours or stated
times for prayer; ‘The Hermite . . . Was wont his howres and holy things
to bed’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 5. 35. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Hours
of Prayer).
=hoyle,= a mark made use of by archers when shooting at rovers (NED.).
Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 334. See =rove.=
=hoyn,= to grumble, grunt. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 4. A Lincoln
word, see EDD. (s.v. Hone, vb.^{2} 1). Norm. F. _hoigner_, ‘hogner,
geindre, pleurnicher, se lamenter’ (Moisy).
=hoyst, brock!,= a cry of encouragement to a horse. Warner, Albion’s
England, bk. ii, ch. 10.
=huck-bone,= the hip-bone. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 57. 4. ‘Huck’ is a
Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1} 1), so, in Tennyson’s
Northern Cobbler, ‘I slither’d an’ hurted my huck.’ See NED.
=hucke,= to higgle, chaffer, bargain. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v,
ch. 26, st. 45; ‘I love not to sell my ware to you, you hucke so sore’,
Palsgrave. A west-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Huck, vb.^{2}). ME.
_hukke_, ‘auccionor’ (Voc. 566. 36). Cp. MHG. _hucke_, ‘Kleinhändler’
(Lexer).
=huckle,= the hip, haunch. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 45; Butler, Hud. i. 2.
925. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).
=huckle-bone,= the hip-bone, Hobbes, Iliad, 67 (NED.); the astragalus,
‘Ἀστράγαλος is in Latin _talus_ and it is the little square hucclebone
in the ancle place of the hinder legge in all beastes saving man’,
Udall, Apoph., 185; ‘_Bibelots_, hucklebones or the play at
hucklebones’, Cotgrave. This name for the game is in prov. use in the
north, in Lincoln, Surrey, and Sussex (EDD.).
=huckson,= lit. the hough-sinew; also, the hough or hock; corresponding
to the heel in man. Herrick, The Beggar to Mab, 11. A Devon word, see
EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1}). OE. _hōhsinu_. See NED. (s.v. Hockshin, also,
Huxen).
=hudder-mudder;= see =hodermoder.=
=huddle,= to hurry; ‘The huddling brook’, Milton, Comus, 495; ‘Country
vicars when the sermon’s done, Run huddling to the benediction’, Dryden,
Epil. to Sir Martin Mar-all, 2; to hurry over in a slovenly way, Dryden,
tr. of Virgil, Georgics, i. 353.
=huddle, old,= a term of contempt for a decrepit old man. Lyly, Euphues,
p. 133; Webster, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).
=huddypeke;= see =hoddypeke.=
=hudman-blind;= see =hoodman-blind.=
=huff,= to brag, talk big, bluster; freq. _to huff it_. B. Jonson, Every
Man in Hum. i. 2. 35 (Knowell); Peele, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 2 (end);
_huff_, a specimen of brag, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 391; hence
_huff-cap_, a swaggerer, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King);
_attrib._ blustering, swaggering, ‘Half-cap terms’, Bp. Hall, Sat. i. 3.
17.
=huffecap,= a heady ale; ‘Such headie ale and beere as for the
mightinesse thereof . . . is commonlie called huffecap’, Harrison, Desc.
England, bk. ii, ch. 18; ‘This Huf-cap (as they call it) and _nectar_ of
lyfe’, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (Church-ales); Greene, Looking Glasse,
ii. 3.
=hugger-mugger,= secretly. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 392; _in
hugger-mugger_, Hamlet, iv. 5. 84; Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 123;
Spenser, Mother Hub. 139. Etymology unknown. It has been suggested that
_hugger-mugger_ may be connected with the Anglo-Irish _cugger-mugger_,
which means whispering, gossiping in a low voice, see Joyce, English as
we speak it in Ireland, p. 243, and Modern Language Review, July, 1912
(On some Etymologies).
=hugy,= huge, vast. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503; Dryden, tr. of
Virgil, Aeneid v, 113.
=huisher,= an ‘usher’, door-keeper of a court, servant of an official,
B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3. 11; ‘His sergeants or huishers
(_lictores_)’, Holland, Livy, xxiv. 44; _husher_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4.
13; _hushier_, Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Induction. F.
_huissier_, deriv. of (_h_)_uis_, door. See Dict. (s.v. Usher).
=huke,= a cape or cloak, with a hood. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 56; Bacon,
New Atlantis, 1639, p. 24. OF. _huque_. Med. L. _huca_, ‘ricinium quo
scilicet mulieres olim caput operiebant et velabant’ (Ducange).
=hulched up,= cramped up; ‘I hate to be hulched up in a coach’,
Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Belinda).
=hulder,= the name of a kind of wood for arrows; ‘Hulder, black thorne
. . . make holow, starting, studding, gaddynge shaftes’, Ascham,
Toxophilus, p. 124. The MHG. _holder_ (G. _holunder_) means ‘elder’; it
is objected that Ascham mentions ‘elder’ in the same sentence, and this
suggests some difference. The difference may be only in name, according
as the wood is foreign or native. Some say _hulver_ (= holly) is meant;
but I think _holly_ would be praised.
=hulk,= to disembowel; ‘Hulke hir (which is to open hir and take out hyr
garbage)’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 62; p. 175; Beaumont and Fl.,
Philaster, v. 4. 36. In prov. use in E. Anglia for taking out the
entrails of a rabbit, see EDD. (s.v. Hulk, vb.^{3} 1).
=hull,= to float, to drift, or move on the sea as a ship with the sails
furled, by the action of winds and waves upon the hull. Richard III, iv.
4. 488; Twelfth Night, i. 5. 217; Milton, P. L. xi. 840; Sir T. Browne,
Christian Morals, i. 1 (ed. Greenhill, 161).
=hum,= a kind of liquor; strong or double ale. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass,
i. 1 (Satan); Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, ii. 3 (Belleur). Hence,
_Hum-glass_, a glass for ‘hum’. Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam). See
Nares.
=humblesse,= humility. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 26; i. 12. 8. Anglo-F.
_humblesse_ (Gower).
=humbling,= rumbling (of wind blasts); Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid (ed.
Arber, 19); buzzing as a bee (ed. Arber, 31).
=humdrum,= a commonplace fellow; ‘Stand still humdrum’, Butler,
Hudibras, i. 3. 112; ‘A consort for every humdrum’, B. Jonson, Every Man
in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen).
=humect,= to moisten. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11 (end). L.
_humectare_, _humectus_, wet; _humere_, _umere_, to be wet.
=humorous,= moist, humid, damp; ‘Every lofty top, which late the
humorous night Bespangled had with pearle’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 214;
‘The humorous night’, Romeo, ii. 1. 31; with play on sense of fanciful,
whimsical, humoursome, L. L. L. iii. 1. 177; moody, ill-humoured, As You
Like It, i. 2. 278.
=humour;= in ancient and mediaeval physiology, one of the four chief
fluids (blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy) by the relative proportions
of which a man’s physical and mental qualities were supposed to be
determined; hence, mental disposition, temperament, mood. L. L. L. v. 1.
10; Merry Wives, ii. 3. 80. See Schmidt’s Shakespeare-Lexicon (s.v.);
also, B. Jonson’s Every Man in Humour (H. B. Wheatley’s account of the
word in Introduction, pp. xxx-xxxiv).
=Humphrey;= see =Duke Humphrey.=
=hunte, hunt,= a hunter, huntsman. Golding, Metam. viii. 359; Gascoigne,
Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 313; Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1
(NED.). OE. _hunta_, a huntsman (Chron., ann. 1127); hence Hunt as a
proper name.
=hunt’s-up,= the hunt is up; a tune played to awaken huntsmen. Romeo,
iii. 5. 34; _the hunt is up_, Titus Andron. ii. 2. 1; Fletcher, Bonduca,
ii. 4 (near the end).
=hurle,= strife, commotion. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 27. ME.
_hurl_, or debate, ‘sedicio’ (Prompt.). See below.
=hurlwind,= a tempestuous wind. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 8. Cp. the
Cumberland word ‘hurl’ for a tempest, see EDD. (s.v. Hurl, sb.^{3} 11).
ME. _hurle_, rush, noise (of the sea); _hurling_, roaring (Wars Alex.).
=hurricano,= a hurricane. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, v. 2 (Malefort); a
water-spout, ‘The dreadful spout which shipmen do the hurricano call’,
Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 172. See Dict. (s.v. Hurricane), and Stanford.
=hurring,= reverberation. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 253.
=hurry-durry,= boisterous, as rough weather; hence, impatient,
irritable; ‘’Tis a hurry-durry blade’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i. 1 (2
Sailor).
=huswife, housewife,= a hussy, a pert girl. North, tr. of Plutarch, M.
Antonius, § 3 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161); ‘Impudent housewife!’ Vanbrugh,
The Confederacy, v. 2 (Gripe).
=hutch,= to hoard, as in a _hutch_ or chest. Milton, Comus, 719. See
=hooch.=
=hyaline;= ‘The clear Hyaline, the glassy sea’, Milton, P. L. vii. 619.
Cp. Apoc. iv. 6: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη, ‘a sea of glass like unto crystal.’
=hyce, hyse,= to ‘hoist’ up; ‘I hyce up an ancre; I hyse up the sayle’,
Palsgrave. Dutch _hyssen_, ‘to hoise’ (Sewel). See Dict. (s.v. Hoist).
=hydegy,= a rustic dance. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 264; _hydagy_, id., xxvi.
206. See =hay-de-guy.=
=hydromancy,= divination by water. Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 2. 16
(W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D). Gk. ὑδρομαντεία.
=hydroptic,= dropsical; ‘His hydroptic thoughts’, Lady Alimony, i. 3
(Timon). [‘Soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst’, Browning, Grammarian’s
Funeral, 95.] Deriv. of Gk. ὕδρωψ, the dropsy.
=hydrus,= a water-snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. L. _hydrus_; Gk. ὕδρος, a
water-snake. Cp. _hydra_.
=hyke,= a cry to hounds, to encourage them to the chase; ‘Hyke a Talbot,
Hyke a Bewmont, Hyke, Hyke, to him, to him’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40;
p. 112; ‘Hike, hallow, hike’, id., c. 62, p. 175. [Cp. Scott, Quentin
Durward, c. 33.]
=hyleg= or =hylech;= ‘A Term apply’d by Astrologers to a Planet, or part
of Heaven which in a Man’s Nativity becomes the Moderator and
Significator of his Life’, Phillips, Dict. (1706); Fletcher, Bloody
Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3, 7; B. Jonson, Staple
of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). Pers. (and Turkish) _hailāj_, a calculation
of astrologers, a ‘nativity’. See NED.
=hypodidascal,= an usher. Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 5 (Gorgon). Gk.
ὑποδιδάσκαλος, under-master or subordinate teacher.
=hypostasis,= a sediment, esp. of urine. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3
(Physician); Nabbes, Microcosmus, iv (Phlegm). Gk. ὑπόστασις, lit. that
which stands under; hence, sediment.
I
=iambographer,= a writer of iambic verses. Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, i. 2
(Montenegro). Gk. ἰαμβογράφος.
=idlesse, ydlesse,= idleness. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 31; Greene,
Alphonsus, Prol. 11.
=idol,= a phantom. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 94; Od. iv. 1074; an
image, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); _idole_, image, reflection,
likeness, Spenser. F. Q. ii. 2. 41. Gk. εἴδωλον, an image, a phantom
(Homer).
=igniferent,= fire-producing, flaming. Birth of Merlin, iv. 5. 95. L.
_igniferens_.
=ilke,= an ‘elk’, a wild swan. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 86, where it is
remarked that it is ‘of Hollanders so term’d’. See =elk.=
=illecebrous,= enticing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; W.
Webbe. Eng. Poetry (ed. Arber, p. 45). From L. _illecebra_, enticement;
_illicere_, to entice.
=illect,= to entice, allure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 4.
From the pp. stem of _illicere_, to allure.
=ill-mewed,= kept in confinement without proper attention. Beaumont and
Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3 (Jaques). See =mew= (2).
=ill-part,= playing an evil part; ‘King John, that ill part personage’,
Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Friar); see NED. (s.v. Ill, iv. 8. B).
=illustrate,= to render illustrious; ‘Matter to me of glory, whom their
hate Illustrates’, Milton, P. L. v. 739; ‘Good men are the stars, the
planets of the ages wherein they live, and illustrate the times’, B.
Jonson, Discoveries, lxxxvi (p. 751). L. _illustrare_, to make famous.
=imbibition,= treatment with a liquid, which was absorbed. B. Jonson,
Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).
=imboss,= to take refuge. Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 130. See below.
=imbost,= driven to an extremity, like a hunted animal. Beaumont and
Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); exhausted, Drayton, Pol. xiii.
135. See =embost.=
=imbosture,= embossed ornament, raised work; ‘There nor wants Imbosture
nor embroidery’, Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Rufinus).
See =emboss.=
=imbrangle,= to confuse, mix up, entangle. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 19. A
Cheshire word: ‘An imbrangled affair’ (EDD.); cp. ‘brangled’, in prov.
use: ‘His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of ’em’
(Northampton); see EDD. (s.v. Brangle, vb. 2). OF. _branler_, to shake,
brandish (a lance) (Ch. Rol. 3327).
=imbrayde,= to upbraid. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 3. See
=embraid.=
=imbroccato,= a pass or thrust in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7
(_or_ 4) (Bobadil); _imbrocatas_, pl., Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2
(Amorphus). Ital. _imbroccata_, ‘a thrust at fence, or a venie giuen
ouer the dagger’ (Florio); _imbroccare_, to thrust. See =embrocata.=
=immane,= huge, great in size. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 296; Odyssey,
ix. 268. L. _immanis_.
=immoment,= of no moment, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 166.
=imp,= offspring, child. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 47; Hen. V, iv. 1. 45; ‘Thou
most dreaded impe of highest Jove’, Spenser, F. Q., Introd. 3; i. 9. 6;
i. 10. 60; i. 11. 5; ‘The King preferred eighty noble imps to the order
of knighthood’, Stow Annals, 1592 (Trench, Sel. Gl.). The orig. mg. of
_imp_ was a graft, scion, or young shoot. ME. _impe_: ‘of feble trees
ther comen wrecched impes’ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 3146); OE. _impe_, a
shoot, graft; _impian_, to graft. Med. L. _impotus_, a graft (Lex
Salica); Gk. ἔμφυτος, engrafted (N.T. James i. 21).
=imp,= to engraft new feathers on to a hawk’s wing; to supply it with
new feathers. Richard II, ii. 1. 292; Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the
Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); Rule a Wife, ii. 1. 6.
=impacable,= unappeasable. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 22; Ruines of Time,
395. L. _pacare_, to appease.
=impale,= to encircle, as with a pale, to surround. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3;
Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 2. 7; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 308.
=impassible,= incapable of suffering. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii,
c. 24, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 95. Patristic L. _impassibilis_
(Tertullian).
=impeach,= to hinder. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 28; Spenser,
Virgil’s Gnat, 576. See =empeach.=
=impechement,= hindrance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15 (end).
See =empesshement.=
=imperance,= commanding quality, command. Hero and Leander, iii. 392. L.
_imperare_, to command.
=impertinent,= not pertinent, irrelevant. Bacon, Essay 26; Tempest i. 2.
138.
=impeticos,= to pocket. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 27; a burlesque word coined
by the fool; it seems to suggest _petticoat_.
=implore,= entreaty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 37.
=imply,= to enfold. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; i. 6. 6; to involve as a
necessary consequence, Pericles, iv. 1. 82.
=importable,= not to be borne, unendurable. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 35;
Chaucer, C. T. B. 3792. L. _importabilis_, unbearable.
=importance,= import, meaning. Winter’s Tale, v. 2. 20; a matter that
concerns, Cymb. i. 4. 45; urgent request, ‘At our importance hither is
he come’, King John, ii. 7; Twelfth Nt. v. 371. F. _importance_,
‘importance, moment, value’ (Cotgr.).
=important,= urgent. Much Ado, ii. 1. 74; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s
Fortune, iv. 1 (Veramour).
=importune,= grievous, severe. Spenser, F. Q, i. 12. 16; ii. 6. 29;
importunate, Bacon, Essay 9. L. _importunus_, troublesome.
=imposterous, impostorous,= deceitful, like an impostor. Beaumont and
Fl., Woman-hater, iii. 2 (Duke); Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3
(Horsus).
=impostumation,= a tumour. Bacon, Essay 15, § 14. From _impostume_
(_imposthume_).
=impotence,= want of self-restraint, ungovernable passion. Massinger, A
Very Woman, ii. 1 (Antonio).
=impotent,= unable to restrain oneself, unrestrained. Spenser, F. Q. v.
12. 1; Massinger, Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. 37. L. _impotens_,
powerless. See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v.).
=imprest,= advance-pay of soldiers or sailors. Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, i. 1 (L. Mayor); _imprest money_, money advanced, a loan, B.
Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). Ital. _impresto_, a loan;
_imprestare_, to lend (Florio).
=improperation,= a reproach, a taunt. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i,
§ 3. Deriv. of Late L. _improperare_, to reproach (Vulgate, Rom. xv. 3).
=improve,= to use for advantage, to turn to account. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1.
159.
=improved,= approved. Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Brandino).
=impuissance,= want of power, weakness. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p.
92).
=in;= _in-and-in_, a gambling game for three persons, with four dice;
_in-and-in_ was when there were two doublets, or all four dice alike,
which swept all the stakes. B. Jonson, New Inn, Bat Burst, an
_in-and-in_ man, i.e. a professed gambler. See Halliwell. _In by the
week_, (?) prepared to go on for a week, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2.
4. _In dock, out nettle_, a popular charm, said when rubbing a dock-leaf
on the skin, to remove the effects of a sting by a nettle. Hence applied
to a change from pain to joy, or to any exhibition of inconstancy or
unsteadiness (Nares). Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3. 8; Heywood, English
Proverbs, 54, 133. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Nettle). ME. _Netle in,
dokke out_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 461). See Skeat, Early English
Proverbs, § 187.
=incarnadine,= to dye red. Macbeth, ii. 2. 62. _Incarnadine_ = F.
_incarnadin_; Ital. _incarnadino_, carnation colour (Florio); lit.
flesh-colour, deriv. of _carne_, flesh.
†=incartata,= an (assumed) term in fencing. Pl. _incartata’s_, Nabbes,
Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Nabbes explains it as being one of the
‘terms in our dialect to puzzle desperate ignorance’.
=incend,= to heat; to inflame, incite. _Incended_, heated, Sir T. Elyot,
Castel of Helth, bk. iii, c. 3; Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § last but one.
L. _incendere_, to set on fire.
=incense,= to ‘insense’, to make to understand. Hen. VIII, v. 1. 43. ‘To
insense’ (also written ‘incense’) is in gen. prov. use in the sense of
‘to cause to understand, to explain’ in Scotland and Ireland, also in
England, from the north to Somerset and Cornwall; see EDD. Anglo-F.
_ensenser_, to inspire, persuade (Gower).
=incentive,= enkindling; ‘Incentive reed . . . pernicious with one touch
to fire’ (i.e. the gunner’s match), Milton, P. L. vi. 519.
=inceration,= a bringing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson,
Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). Deriv. of L. _cera_, wax. Cp. =ceration.=
=inchoation,= beginning. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 62, 92). L.
_inchoatio_, beginning (Vulgate, Heb. vi. 1); deriv. of _inchoare_, to
begin.
=inchpin,= a name among huntsmen for the sweetbread of a deer; by some
explained as ‘the lower gut’, so Cotgrave (s.v. _Boyau_); Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, i. 219; ‘The sweete gut which some call the Inchpinne’,
Turbervile, Hunting, 134; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Robin).
=incision,= blood-letting. _To make incision_, to let blood, in order to
cure, As You Like It, iii. 2. 75; gallants were in the habit of stabbing
their arms, to prove their love for a mistress, Merchant of Venice, ii.
1. 6.
=incomber,= an ‘encumber’, an encumbrance on an estate, a mortgage;
‘Raves hee for bonds and incombers’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play
(Lurchall’s last speech), Works, iii. 358.
=income,= an entrance-fee. Latimer, Seven Sermons before Edw. VI (ed.
Arber, p. 50); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Mugeron); a coming in,
arrival, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvii. 482.
=incompared,= incomparable, matchless. Spenser, Verses to Sir F.
Walsingham, l. 1.
=incontinent,= immediately. Richard II, v. 6. 48; Othello, iv. 3. 12. F.
_incontinent_, ‘incontinently, immediately’ (Cotgr.). Late L. _in
continenti_ (_tempore_), in continuous time, without interval
(Tertullian); see Rönsch.
=incontinently,= immediately. Othello, i. 3. 306.
=incony,= fine, delicate, pretty; ‘My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my
in-conie Jew’, L. L. L. iii. 1. 136; iv. 1. 144; ‘Thy incony lap’,
Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (_or_ 6). A cant word, prevalent about
1600, of doubtful meaning and of unascertained origin.
=increable,= incredible. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 140. 9; lf. 150,
back, 6. OF. _increable_ (F. _incroyable_), incredible.
=indagation,= investigation. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxiv. L.
_indagatio_ (Cicero).
=inde,= blue; see =ynde.=
=indeniz’d into,= made to dwell in another body, metamorphosed into;
‘The perverse and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes’,
Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 3. 23; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 172. Short
for _endenizen’d_.
=indent,= to bargain. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 87. Lit. to make an indenture or
covenant; an indenture being so called because duplicate deeds were cut
with notched edges to fit one another. Med. L. _indentare_, ‘dente
infringere, occare’ (Ducange); Law L. _indentare_, to indent.
=indifferent,= impartial. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 1; v. 9. 36.
=indigne,= unworthy, undeserving. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 30. F.
_indigne_.
=indignify,= to treat with indignity, to scorn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1.
30; Colin Clout, 583.
=induction,= a bringing in; ‘The solemne induction of the Arke into the
oracle’, BIBLE, 2 Chron. v (contents); initial step in an undertaking, 1
Hen. IV, iii. 1. 2. L. _inductio_, an introduction, leading into
(Cicero).
=indue,= to clothe, used _fig._: ‘Untill ye be indued with power from on
high’ (quoadusque induamini virtutem ex alto), BIBLE, Luke xxiv. 49. L.
_induo_, to put on an article of dress.
=indue,= to endow. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Two Gent. v. 4. 153; _indued
unto_, endowed with qualities suited to, Hamlet, iv. 7. 180; _indues
to_, brings to, Othello, iii. 4. 146. See =endue.=
=indurance;= see =endurance.=
=inew;= see =enew.=
=infame,= to accuse as being infamous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii,
c. 7, § 10. _Infamed_, branded with infamy, Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. Med.
L. _infamare_, ‘accusare, criminari’ (Ducange).
=infamous,= ill-spoken of, of ill report. Milton, Comus, 424; deserving
of infamy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 27.
=infant,= a youth of noble or gentle birth. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 25
(used of ‘a young knight’ of Prince Arthur); vi. 8. 25 (used of Prince
Arthur). OF. _enfant_, a young aspirant to knightly honours (Ch. Rol.
3196). Cp. the use of ‘Childe’ for a youth trained to arms, in Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 8. 7 (see Glossary, ed. C. P.).
=infarce,= to stuff, cram full. Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Helth, bk. iii,
c. 1; id., Governour, bk. i, c. 3 (end). L. _infarcire_, to stuff.
=infausting,= a bringing of ill-luck. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p.
179). From L. _infaustus_, unlucky.
=infer,= to bring upon, inflict. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 31; to bring
about, Richard III, iv. 4. 343. L. _inferre_, to bring upon.
=infude,= to infuse. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 23, § 2; see
Croft’s note, ii. 351.
=infuse,= infusion. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 47.
=ingate,= entrance, ingress. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p.
650, l. 22; Ruines of Time, 47. In prov. use in the north country
(EDD.). See =gate.=
=ingenerate,= begotten; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, bk. xviii. 323;
implanted, Sir T. Elyet, Governour, bk. i, ch. 20, § 1. L.
_ingeneratus_, inborn, implanted.
=ingenious,= ingenuous. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Duchess).
Conversely, _ingenuously_ = ingeniously, id., Devil’s Law-case, i. 1
(Contarino).
=ingine, ingene,= ingenuity, quickness of intellect. B. Jonson, Tale of
a Tub, v. 2 (Tub); Every Man, v. 3 (_or_ 1) (Clement). ‘Ingine’ is the
usual Scottish form (EDD.). See =enginous.=
=ingle,= a favourite boy, an intimate associate, darling. B. Jonson,
Sil. Woman, i. 1 (Truewit); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Viola). A
Gloucestershire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ingle, sb.^{2} 1).
=ingle,= to wheedle, coax. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2
(Imperia).
=ingram,= ignorant. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1
(Shorthose); Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 397; Bullein’s Dialogue, 5 (Halliwell); ‘An ingrame,
_ignarus_’, Levins, Manipulus. A Northumberland word (EDD.).
=ingurgitation,= a gluttonous swallowing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk.
i, c. 11, § last; id., bk. iii, c. 22, § 2. Late L. _ingurgitatio_,
immoderate eating and drinking; L. _gurges_, an abyss, used _fig._ of an
insatiable craving (Cicero).
=inhabitable,= uninhabitable. Richard II, i. 1. 65; Puttenham, Eng.
Poesie, bk. iii, c. 22; p. 266. F. _inhabitable_, ‘unhabitable’
(Cotgr.). L. _inhabitabilis_, not habitable (Cicero).
=inhabited,= not dwelt in, uninhabited. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, iii.
1 (Thierry). F. _inhabité_, uninhabited (Cotgr.).
=inholder,= a tenant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. Not found elsewhere.
=iniquity;= see =vice.=
=injury,= to injure. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (near the end);
Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2 (Tailby); to abuse with words, ‘We
freely give our souldiers libertie to . . . injurie him with all manner
of reproaches’, Florio, Montaigne, I. xlvii. F. _injurier_ (Montaigne).
=inkle,= a kind of tape. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 208; also _incle_, Shirley,
Gamester, iv. 1 (Page). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Inkle, sb.^{1}) .
=inlawed,= brought under the protection of the law. Bacon, Henry VII
(ed. Lumby, p. 16).
=inleck,= a leak in a ship, letting water in. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid,
i. 560. OE. _hlec_, leaky. Not found elsewhere.
=inly,= inward. Two Gent. ii. 7. 18; _inly_, inwardly, Temp. v. 200;
intimately, deeply. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 38.
=inmew;= in Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 2 (Miranda): ‘As if a
Falcon . . . at his pitch inmew the Town below him.’ Probably a misprint
for _innew_, a spelling of =enew,= q.v.
=inn,= a dwelling-place, abode, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 33; iii. 3
30; vi. iii. 29. ME. _in_, dwelling (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3622). OE. _inn_,
‘domus’ (Matt. xiii. 36).
=innocent,= a fool, idiot. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 98); Fletcher,
Rule a Wife, iii. 1. 14. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.).
=inquest,= a quest, search. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 4.
=inquisition,= inquiry, search. Temp. i. 2. 35; ‘Inquisycion for
bloode’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. ix. 12. L. _inquisitio_, a judicial
inquiry (Vulgate, Acts xii. 19).
=in-same,= together, in company, in late use, a mere expletive; ‘Lo! my
top I drive in-same’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 245; ‘I
am seemly-shapen in-same’; id. 247. ME. _samen_, together (Ormulum,
377); _in same_, together (used as an expletive), see Wars Alex. 2646.
=insecution,= close pursuit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 524; xxiii. 448.
Late L. _insecutio_, ‘persecutio’ (Ducange).
=insense;= see =incense.=
=insignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c.
12, § 5. See =enseignement.=
=insolence,= originality of genius (of a poet); ‘Being filled with
furious insolence’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 619. See Trench, Sel. Gl. 150.
=insolent,= unusual, original; ‘Most loftie, insolent, and passionate’,
Puttenham. Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 31; p. 77. L. _insolens_, unusual.
=instance,= urgency; ‘With all instance and supplicacion’ (= Vulgate,
_in omni instantia et obsecratione_), Tyndale, Eph. vi. 18). F.
_instance_, urgency (Cotgr.).
=instance,= something which urges or impels, a motive, cause. Richard
III, iii. 2. 25; All’s Well, iv. 1. 44. Late L. _instantia_, urgency.
=instant,= urgent, persevering. BIBLE, Rom. xii. 12 (AV.); _instantly_,
urgently, earnestly, Luke vii. 4 (Tyndale and AV.). L. _instans_,
persevering (Vulgate, Acts vi. 4).
=instate,= to endow. Measure for M. v. 1. 429; _instate to_, make over
to, Dekker and Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (O. Thorney).
=instaure,= to renew, repair. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Jacomo). L.
_instaurare_, to renew (Vulgate, Eph. i. 10).
=instinction,= instigation, inspiration. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
ch. 13, § 4; natural impulse, instinct, id., bk. iii, ch. 3, § 5. Deriv.
of L. _instinctus_, instigated, pp. of _instinguere_.
=instop,= to stop up or fill up the seams of a ship. Dryden, Annus
Mirabilis, st. 147. Du. _instoppen_, to cram in (Sewel).
=intend,= to stretch or shoot out (of a dragon’s sting). Spenser, F. Q.
i. 11. 38. L. _intendere_.
=intend,= to attend to; ‘(When Augustus was at the games) he did nothing
else but intend the same’, Holland, tr. Suetonius. 60 (Trench, Sel. Gl.
151); ‘Every man profiteth in that he most intendeth’, Bacon, Essay 29;
Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce); Massinger, Emperor of the
East, i. 2 (Pulcheria).
=intendiment,= understanding. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 32; Teares of the
Muses, 144. Med. L. _intendimentum_, ‘mens, intelligentia’, _intendere_,
‘intelligere’ (Ducange).
=interesse,= the being concerned or having part in the possession of
anything; ‘interest’, title, or claim; ‘The right title and interesse
that they have’, Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2, § 5; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 33;
interest on money, Hen. VIII, Instruct. Orator (NED.). Anglo-F.
_interesse_, A.D. 1388 (NED.); Med. L. _interesse_, ‘usura, foenus, quod
ultra sortem solvitur, vel quod quanti alicujus interest’ (Ducange);
subst. use of L. _interesse_, to be between, to be of importance.
=interessed,= _pp._, interested; ‘(They) were commonly interessed
therein themselves for their own ends’, Bacon, Essay 3 (end); ‘The
heathens . . . were nothing interessed in that dispute’, Dryden, Pref.
Religio Laici (ed. Christie, Clar. Press, p. 123); Massinger, Duke of
Milan, i. 1; spelt _interest_, invested with a right or share, King
Lear, i. 1. 87.
=interest,= to invest a person with a share in, or title to something;
‘Aurora ravish’d him . . . And interested him amongst the Gods’,
Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xv. 326.
=interlunar,= between two moons; with reference to the period between
the waning of the old and the waxing of the new moon; ‘Silent as the
moon . . . Hid in her vacant interlunar cave’, Milton, Samson, 89. L.
_lunaris_, relating to the moon.
=intrince,= intricate, entangled. King Lear, ii. 2. 81; short for
_intrinsicate_, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 307. Deriv. of L. _intrinsecus_,
inwardly.
=intuse,= a bruise. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 33. L. _intusus_, pp. of
_intundere_, to bruise.
=inundant,= inundating, overflowing. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. v
(Generous), vol. iv, p. 252, l. 4. L. _inundare_, to inundate.
=invect,= to inveigh. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 3 (M.
Tullius). Cp. L. _invectio_, an attacking with words, deriv. of
_invehere_, to inveigh against.
=invent,= to find. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 10; v. 11. 50.
=invest,= to enwrap, to enfold; ‘While night Invests the sea’, Milton,
P. L. i. 208; iii. 10; vii. 372; to put on, to don, Spenser, F. Q. iv.
5. 18. L _investire_, to clothe.
=investion,= investiture. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (near the end).
=invinced,= unconquered; never before conquered. Heywood, Silver Age, A
iii (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 131. L. _vincere_, to conquer. Only found
in Heywood’s writings.
=invious,= pathless, trackless. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 386. Cp. L. _invius_;
from _via_, a way.
=inward,= intimate, confidential; ‘Inward Counsellours’, Bacon, Essays,
20, § 4; Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Mendoza); an intimate acquaintance,
‘I was an inward of his’, Measure for M. iii. 2. 138.
†=iper,= a kind of fish, of small value; ‘Amongst fishes, a poor iper’,
Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). Only in this passage.
=Irish,= an old game resembling backgammon. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful
Lady, v. 4 (Lady); the Irish game, Shirley, St. Patrick (Epilogue). See
Cotton’s Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 109.
=irous,= wrathful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1. Anglo-F.
_irous_ (Gower); from L. _ira_, anger.
†=irpes= (?). ‘From Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and all
affected humours, Good Mercury defend us’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels,
v. 3 (_Palinode_).
=Isgrim,= the name of the wolf in the story of Reynard the Fox.
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert). _Isegrim_ in Caxton’s version;
_Isengrijn_ in Willem’s Low German poem; _Ysegrim_ in Leeu’s Low German
prose version; see Caxton’s Reynard (ed. Arber, p. ix).
=island,= a shock-dog, rough dog; lit. ‘Iceland dog’, Shirley, Hyde
Park, i. 2 (Mis. Car.); ‘Her Iceland cur’, Massinger, The Picture, v. 1
(Ubaldo).
†=iulan,= of the first growth of the beard; ‘Iulan down’, Middleton, The
Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero). Gk. ἴουλος, the first growth of the
beard. Not found elsewhere.
=ivybush,= the bush of ivy hung out as a vintner’s sign. Earle,
Microcosmographie, § 12; ed. Arber, p. 33. The same as _bush_ in As You
Like It (Epilogue).
=iwis, ywis,= (often written _I wis_), certainly, assuredly. Tam. Shrew,
i. 1. 62; Richard III, i. 3. 102; _ywis_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 19;
_i-wusse_, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); _wusse_, id., Devil an
Ass, i. 3 (Fitz). ME. _iwis_, certainly, truly (Chaucer, Compleint, 48);
OE. _gewiss_, certain.
J
=Jack,= a lad, fellow, chap, a young knave. Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 290;
Middleton, Women beware, i. 2 (Ward); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, v.
1 (Sir Harry); a Knave in Cards, Cotton, Complete Gamester, ix; figure
of a man striking the bell on the outside of a clock, Richard III, iv.
2. 117; also, _Jack o’ the clock_, Richard II, v. 5. 60; _Jack i’ the
clock-house_, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 5. 3; _jack_, the piece of
wood with a quill for plucking the strings of the ‘virginal’, Shaks.,
Sonnet 128; _Jack o’ Bethleem_, see =bedlam;= _Jack in box_, one who
deceived tradesmen by substituting empty boxes for boxes full of money,
Middleton, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song), see Dyce, iv. 164;
_Jack-a-Lent_, a small stuffed puppet thrown at during Lent; a butt,
Merry Wives, iii. 3. 27; v. 5. 134; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 4
(Rowland).
=jack,= a coat of quilted or plated leather, a coat of defence. Drayton,
Pol. xxii. 166; ‘His golden-plated Iacke’, Twyne, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid
x, 314.
=jack,= a drinking-measure, pot; said to contain half a pint. Taming
Shrew, iv. 1. 51; Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 10.
=jackman;= see =jarkman.=
=jack merlin,= a male merlin or hawk. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s
Fortune, v. 1. 13.
=Jacob’s staff;= ‘A pilgrim’s staff, so called from those who go on
pilgrimage to the city of St. Iago, or St. James Compostella in Spain’,
Blount, Glossographia; with reference to Gen. xxxii. 10, Spenser, F. Q.
i. 6. 35; a cross-staff, an instrument for measuring heights and
distances, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Techelles); Beaumont and Fl.,
Elder Brother, ii. 1 (Brisac); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 786; used by
astrologers and astronomers, Marmyon’s Fine Companion (Nares).
=jaculation,= a hurling. Milton, P. L. vi. 665. L. _jaculatio_.
=jade,= to over-drive, to pursue to weariness; ‘It is a dull thing to
tire, and, as we say, to _Iade_ anything too farre’, Bacon, Essay 32;
‘The ne’er-yet beaten horse of Parthia We have jaded out o’ th’ field’,
Ant. and Cl. iii. 1. 34. From ‘jade’, a contemptuous term for a horse;
Scot. _jaud_; Norm. F. *_jaude_, Icel. _jalda_, a mare; cp. Scot.
_yaud_, an old worn-out horse, see EDD. (s.v. Jade).
=jambeux,= leggings, armour for the legs. Dryden, Palamon and Arc., iii.
35; spelt _giambeux_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. _jambeux_ (Chaucer,
C. T. B. 2065). See Dict. (s.v. Jamb).
=Jane,= a small silver coin of Genoa, introduced into England in
Chaucer’s time. Phr. _many a Jane_ (i.e. much money), Spenser, F. Q.
iii. 7. 58 (borrowed from Chaucer, C. T. B. 1925). OF. _Janne_(_s_,
Genoa.
=jane,= a twilled cotton cloth, a kind of fustian, ‘jean’; ‘Jane
judgments’, coarse, common judgments, Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 8.
Named from Genoa.
=jant,= to over-tire a horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 87. 3; _jaunt_,
Cotgrave (s.v. Jancer). See =jaunce.=
=jant,= smart, showy; ‘To Smeton . . . Where were dainty ducks, and jant
ones’, Brathwaite, Drunken Barnaby, 119.
=janty, jaunty,= genteel, elegant, stylish; _janty_, Parson’s Wedding,
i. 3 (Sad); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiv. 401 (but spelt _ganty_ in ed.
1663); _jantee_, Shadwell, Timon (epilogue). Anglicized phonetic
representation of F. _gentil_, see NED. (s.v. Jaunty).
=jape,= to jest, joke. Berners, Froissart, I, ccxxxiii. 324; ‘I dyd but
jape with hym’, Palsgrave; a merry tale, a jest, Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. iii, ch. 29, § 2; Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 31. ME. _jape_,
vb. (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1699; sb. C. T. A. 4201). Cp. O. Prov. _gap_,
‘plaisanterie, raillerie’ (Levy).
=jar,= to grate; hence, to quarrel, dispute; ‘We will not jar’, Marlowe,
Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Barabas); _jarre_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 105; l. 16.
=jar,= a grating noise; the tick of a clock; also, a quarrel, dispute;
‘A jar of the clock’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 43; ‘fallen at jars’, 2 Hen. VI,
i. 1. 253.
=jarkman,= an educated beggar. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1.4;
‘A Ia[r]ckeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake latin;
he vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and sets
to Seales, in their language called Iarkes’, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 5.
Spelt _Jackman_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (first stage
direction).
=jasp,= a jasper. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 11. ME. _jasp_
(Wyclif, Isaiah liv. 12), OF. _jaspe_. L. _iaspis_. Gk. ἴασπις.
=jaum,= to ‘jam’, press, squeeze; to be hard upon, to jeer at. Heywood,
Witches of Lancs., A. i (near the end); vol. iv, p. 186. In prov. use in
Yorks. and Lincoln, meaning ‘to squeeze’; see EDD. (s.v. Jam).
=jaunce,= to stir a horse, to make him prance, used _fig._ Richard II,
v. 5. 94; a weary journey, Rom. and Jul. ii. 5. 53; _geances_,
troublesome journeys, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). ‘Jaunce’
is in use in Sussex for a weary or tiring journey, see EDD. (s.v.
Jance). F. _jancer un cheval_, ‘to stirre a horse in the stable till he
sweat with-all, or as our _jaunt_’ (Cotgr.). See NED.
=jaunt;= see =jant.=
=jaunts= (?); ‘You lead me fair jaunts, sir’, Middleton, Mich. Term,
iii. 5 (Shortyard). Perhaps the same word as _jaunce_, taken as a
plural; from _jaunts_ thus evolved would come our _jaunt_. If this
explanation be correct, Middleton’s word would mean ‘troublesome
journeys’.
=javel,= a low fellow; ‘He called the fellow ribbalde, villaine, javel’,
Robynson, tr. More’s Utopia, 46; Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 309; Appius
and Virginia, Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 150; _javill_, Roper’s Life of Sir
Thos. More (in Robynson’s Utopia, p. lv). ME. _javel_, ‘joppus, joppa’
(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1097).
=jawme,= a ‘jamb’, side post of a door-way. Spelt _jame_, Golding,
Metam. xii. 281; fol. 146, bk. (1603); _jawme_, id. (1593). ‘Jawm’
(‘Jaum’) is still the prov. form in the north country, see EDD. (s.v.
Jamb). F. _jambe_, ‘the leg, the jaumbe or side-post of a door’
(Cotgr.).
=jawn,= a chine, fissure, chasm. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1
(Pandulfo). See =chawne.=
=jerk,= to scourge, whip, lash; ‘_Fouetter_, to scourge, yerke, or
jerke’, Cotgrave; a sharp stroke with a whip, Randolph, Muses’
Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Hence _jerker_, one who lashes severely;
Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 3. See =yerk.=
=jernie,= to utter a profane oath; ‘Although he jernie and blaspheme’,
Butler, On our Imitation of the French (near the end); Remains (ed.
1759, i. 84); see NED. F. _jerni_ (_jarni_), for _jarnidieu_, i.e. _je
renie Dieu_, I renounce God. See Cotgrave (s.v. _Jarnigoy_).
=jert,= to use a whip. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, viii. 52. See EDD.
=jest,= a deed, action; ‘A worthy jest’, Wounds of Civil War, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 186; ‘in this jest’, in this action, Downfall of
E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Robin); in Hazlitt, viii. 114. See =gest=(=e==.=
=jet,= to fling about the body, to strut about, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 36;
‘I jette, _Je me jamboye_’, Palsgrave. ‘Jet’ in this sense is a
Warwicksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Jet, 4). F. _jetter_ (_jecter_), to
throw (Cotgr.).
=jet upon,= to encroach upon, Richard III, ii. 4. 51; Titus Andron. ii.
1. 64.
=jetty,= to move about briskly. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.
=Jew’s ear,= an edible cup-shaped fungus, growing on roots and trunks of
trees, _Hirneola_ or _Exidia Auricula-Judæ_. Heywood, Witches of Lancs,
iii (Joan), in Wks. iv. 207; ‘Jew’s eares . . . an excrescence about the
roots of Elder, and concerneth not the Nation of the Jews, but Judas
Iscariot, upon a conceit, he hanged on this tree’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar
Errors, ii. 7. 8 (Pseud. Ep. ii. 6. 101, NED.). See Nares.
=jib-crack,= a ‘gimcrack’. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 7.
=jiggumbob,= a trifle, toy, knick-knack, thing of slight value.
_Jiggembobs_, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Fabricio);
_jigambob_, Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 14; _jiggumbobs_, Butler, Hud.
iii. 1. 108.
=jigmaker,= a ballad-writer. Hamlet, iii. 2. 131. Dekker, Honest Wh.,
Pt. I, i. 1 (end).
=jimmal-ring,= a double ring (sometimes a treble ring), the rings being
linked by a hinge. The _jimmall-ring_, or True-love-knot, Herrick. See
=gimmal.=
=job,= to stab slightly, to peck. Tusser, Husbandry, § 37. 12. In prov.
use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _jobbyn_: ‘byllen or iobbyn as
bryddys, iobbyn with the byl’ (Prompt.).
=jobbernowl,= a jocular term for the head, usually connoting stupidity.
Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 815; Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii. 6. 200; a
stupid person, a blockhead, ‘_Teste de bœuf_, a joult-head, jobbernoll,
cod’s-head, logger-head, one whose wit is as little as his head is
great’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in both senses in the north country and
E. Anglia (EDD.).
=job-nut,= the name of a childish game, in which hazel-nuts are
perforated and strung through, in order to be knocked against each
other. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). See NED. (s.v. _Job_, sb. (3)).
=John Dory.= The name of a popular song, ab. 1609; ‘I’ll have John
Dorrie! For to that warlike tune I will be open’d’, Fletcher, The
Chances, iii. 2 (Antonio). The legend is, that he was a commander of a
French privateer, who undertook to take English prisoners to Paris, but
was himself captured in the attempt; ‘Would I had gone to Paris with
John Dory’ (ironical), Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2
(Humphrey). See Nares.
=jointer,= joint-possessor. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1366); scene
10. 8 (W.); p. 170, col. 1.
=jollyhead,= jollity, mirth. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 32.
=jouissance,= pleasure, merriment, mirth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 25;
Nov., 2. F. _jouissance_, an enjoying (Cotgr.).
=journall,= daily. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 31; Cymb. iv. 2. 10. F.
_journal_, ‘journal, daily’ (Cotgr.). L. _diurnalis_ (Ducange).
=jovy,= ‘jovial’, merry. Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii 1
(Mirabel); B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 3 (Kastril).
=jowl, joll,= to strike, knock, esp. the head. As You Like It, i. 3. 59;
Hamlet, v. 1. 84; ‘_I jolle_ one aboute the eares’, Palsgrave. Beaumont
and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. In prov. use in many parts of England
from Lakeland to E. Anglia (EDD.). Deriv. of ME. ‘_jolle_ or heed,
_caput_’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1112).
=judge,= the name of the rook or castle in the game of chess. Only in
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20. Fitzherbert’s rendering of
_justitiarius_, the name applied to the rook in a Latin treatise on
chess (_c._ 1400 A.D.). See NED.
=judgement,= a competent critic, a judge. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 208; Dryden,
Prol. to Secret Love, 45; Epil. to Evening Love, 3.
=Jug,= a familiar substitution for the female name of Joan; ‘_Clown_ [to
_Joan_], Bring him away, _Jug_! Enter _Joan_, with a fish’, Rowley, A
Woman never vext, i. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 115. In Espinasse’s
Lancashire Worthies Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is
familiarly called ‘Jugg’. See Bardsley’s English Surnames, p. 49 (note).
This familiar name was applied to a homely woman, a maid-servant, the
sweetheart of a peasant, King Lear, i. 4. 247; ‘A soldier and his jug’,
A Knack to know a Knave (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511); Preston, K.
Cambises (Davies, Gl.).
=jugal,= conjugal, matrimonial; ‘The jugal knot’, Middleton, A Fair
Quarrel, ii. 2 (Jane). Cp. L. _vinclum jugale_ (Virgil).
=julio,= an Italian coin worth about sixpence. Webster, White Devil
(Monticelso), ed. Dyce, p. 23; Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Frapolo). Ital.
_giulio_, named after Pope Julius II (1503-13); a coin by Julius the
Pope worth sixpence sterling (Florio).
=jument,= a beast; properly a beast of burden. Cartwright, The Ordinary,
ii. 1 (Slicer). OF. _jument_, a beast of burden; a mare (Cotgr.). L.
_jumentum_, a yoke-beast.
=jump,= a kind of short coat for men; ‘Your velvet jumps’, Wycherley,
Gent. Dancing-master, Epilogue, 33. In prov. use in various parts of
England meaning a loose jacket, a child’s frock, also, a kind of stays,
open in front (EDD.).
=jump,= to hazard, risk, Macbeth, i. 7. 7; Cymbeline, v. 4. 187; hence
_jump_, hazard, venture, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8. 6.
=jump with,= to agree, tally, coincide with, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 32;
Taming Shrew, i. 1. 194; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 78; hence, _jump_, exactly,
precisely, Hamlet, i. 1. 65; Othello, ii. 3. 392. In prov. use both as
vb. and adv. (EDD.).
=juppon,= a close-fitting doublet worn under a hauberk. Dryden, Palamon,
iii. 28. F. _jupon_, a short cassock (Cotgr.).
=justle,= to ‘jostle’. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 129.
=jut, jutt,= to jolt, bump, knock, push. Earle, Microcosmographie, no.
39, Plausible Man; _jutte_, a bump, push, Udall, Roister Doister, iii.
3. 8. In use in Yorks, Notts, and Linc. (EDD.).
=jutty,= to project beyond, to overhang. Hen. V, iii. 1. 13; ‘Let their
eie-browes juttie over’, Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12 a (Appendix, D.
138); ed. Schick, p. 121; the projecting part of a wall or building,
Macbeth, i. 6. 6. Compare the Glouc. word ‘jetty’, to protrude (EDD.).
K
=ka,= for _quo’_ (_quoth_, _quotha_); ‘Enamoured ka? mary sir say that
againe’, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek); Peele, Old Wives Tale
(ed. Dyce, 455); Penry, Mar-Prelate’s Epitome, 21 (EDD.). In prov. use
in Durham, Cumberland, Suffolk (EDD.). Also, _ko_, ‘I feare him not, Ko
she’, Roister Doister, iii. 3.
=kaa me, kaa thee,= i.e. do me a good turn, and I will do thee the same.
Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (_or_ 3) (Quicksilver); Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1
(Goldwire). So in Scotland they say ‘Kae me and I’ll kae thee’, in
Northumberland ‘Kaa me, kaa thee’, or, ‘Kaa mee an aa’ll kaa thee’; ‘Ka
me and I’ll ka thee, _Serva me, servabo te_’, Coles, Dict. (1679). See
Nares. Cp. the phr. ‘Claw me, claw thee’ used in the same sense.
=kad,= to caw. Chapman, All Fools, iii. 1 (Valerio).
=kails, keils,= nine-pins; ‘A game called nine-pins, or keils’, B.
Jonson, Chloridia (Antimasque). Du. _kegel_, a pin, kail.
=kam,= crooked, awry. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 304. Welsh _cam_, crooked;
Irish _cam_ (Dinneen). See =kim-kam.=
=karl hemp,= the male hemp. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 24; also called
_churl hemp_, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 146. 28. See =carl.=
=karne,= a ‘kern’, a foot-soldier. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii,
8. Irish _ceatharnach_, a foot-soldier, deriv. of _ceatharn_, a band of
fighting men (Dinneen). See =keteryng.=
=katexoken,= for _kat’exochēn_, super-eminently. Massinger, Guardian,
iii. 1. 7. Gk. κατ’ ἐξοχήν, by way of eminence.
=keak, keke,= to cackle as a goose; ‘The silver Gander keaking cried’,
Phaer, Aeneid viii, 655; ‘Theves . . . had stolne Jupiter, had a gouse
not a kekede’, Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 130). Cp. _Kek, kek!_, the
cry of the goose and duck, in Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 499.
=kecksies,= hemlocks, ‘kexes’. Hen. V, v. 2. 52 (printed _kecksyes_).
See Dict. (s.v. Kex).
=keech,= a lump of congealed fat. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55. In _fig._ use, ‘I
wonder that such a Keech can . . . Take up the Rayes o’ th’ beneficiall
Sun’, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55; ‘Did not goodwife Keech the Butcher’s wife
come in?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101. ‘Keech’ for a lump of chandler’s fat
is in common prov. use in Warwickshire, the west Midlands, and Somerset
(EDD.).
=keel,= to cool, to cool by skimming or otherwise. L. L. L. v. 2. 930;
spelt _kele_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246, back; _keele_, Palsgrave.
In prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Keel, vb.^{3} 1). ME. _kelyn_, to make cold, to wax cold (Prompt. EETS.
252, see note, no. 1184); OE. _cēlan_, deriv. of _cōl_, cool.
=keep cut;= See =cut= (3).
=keep,= heed, care. Phr. _take thou no keep_, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl.
iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 85; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 40. ME. _tak keep_,
take heed (Chaucer, C. T. D. 431).
=keight,= caught. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 30; v. 6. 39.
=keiser,= emperor. Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 1 (Memnon); _kesar_,
Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 570; _keysar_, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed.
Dyce, p. 498. Du. _keyser_ (Hexham); cp. G. _Kaiser_; L. _Caesar_.
=keke;= see =keak.=
=kell,= the fatty membrane investing the intestines, the caul. Beaumont
and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 35; a cocoon, an enveloping web, B. Jonson,
Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); Drayton, Pol. iii. 120; the film formed by
gossamer-threads on the grass, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 54; Turbervile
Hunting, 76. Cp. ‘kell’ in prov. use, meaning the caul, a cap of
network, a film on the eye, &c. (EDD.). ME. _kelle_, ‘reticulum’
(Prompt. EETS. 246, see note, no. 1149).
=kell,= a kiln. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 51. A Suffolk form, see EDD.
(s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Cp. =kill.=
=kemb,= to comb. B. Jonson, Catiline, Act i, chorus, 31; Marlowe, tr. of
Ovid’s Elegies, i. 7 (last line). In prov. use in Scotland, and in
Yorks. and Lanc. (EDD.). ME. _kembe_, to comb (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2142);
OE. _cemban_; _camb_, a comb.
=kemlin,= a large tub used in bread-making, salting meat, &c. Coles,
Dict. (s.v. Kimnel); _kemelin_, Levins, Manip. A north-country word
(EDD.). ME. _kymlyn_, ‘or kelare’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, _kemelyn_
(Chaucer, C. T. A. 3548). See =kimnel.=
=kempe, kemp,= a warrior, champion. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 31; bk. vii,
c. 8. OE. _cempa_; Med. L. _campio_ (Ducange), from _campus_, field of
battle; ME. _kemp_(_e_, a warrior, soldier (Wars Alex. 2216, 5499); OE.
_cempa_, ‘miles’ (Matt. viii. 9, Rushworth MS.). See Schade (s.v.
Camphjo).
=ken,= a house (Cant); ‘A boor’s ken’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1
(Ferret). Hence also _libkin_ or _lib ken_, _stalling ken_. See
=bouzing-ken.=
=ken=(=n,= to discern. Milton, P. L. i. 59; v. 265; xi. 396; 2 Hen. VI,
iii. 2. 101; range of vision, P. L. xi. 379; power or exercise of
vision, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 111; hence, _kenning_, range of
sight, the distance visible at sea, Chapman, Caesar and Pompey, v. 1
(Septimius); Kyd, Soliman, v. 2. 69.
=kennet,= a small dog for hunting. Pl. _kenettys_, Boke of St. Albans,
fol. F iv, back; _kennets_, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretts; the
whole passage is copied from the former). Anglo-F. _kenette_ (Bozon),
dimin. of _kien_ (= F. _chien_).
=Kent:= phr. _Kent or Christendom_. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1
(Turfe); ‘Sith the Saxon King, Never was Woolfe seene, many nor some,
Nor in all Kent, nor in Christendome’ (i.e. nowhere), Spenser, Shep.
Kal., Sept., 153; the Glosse has: ‘It was wont to be an olde proverbe
and common phrase. The original whereof was, for that most part of
England in the reigne of King Ethelbert was christened, Kent onely
except, which remayned long after in mysbeliefe and unchristened: so
that Kent was counted no part of Christendome.’ Ray in his English
Proverbs accepts this explanation (ed. Bohn, p. 206). According to
Fuller’s opinion, ‘Neither in Kent nor Christendom’ meant, neither in
Kent, which was first converted to Christendom, nor in any other part of
our English Christendom (i.e. nowhere in England). Also, _in Kent and
Christendom_ (i.e. everywhere); ‘I am here in Kent and Christendom,
Among the Muses, where I read and rhyme’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life
(ed. Bell, 218).
=Kentish long-tails,= a nickname applied to the natives of Kent. Ray’s
English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 207). The story of the origin of the
nickname is told by Fuller in his Worthies, Kent, under _Kentish
Long-tailes_. See NED. (s.v. Long-tail, 2). Not only Kentish men but
Englishmen in general were called ‘_caudati_ per contumeliam’ by their
French neighbours, see Ducange (s.v. Caudatus); cp. ‘ces Engloys
_couez_’ (Chans. Norm.) in Moisy (s.v. Cue, p. 250).
=kersen;= see =cursen.=
=kerve,= to carve as a sculptor; ‘Enstructed in painting or kervinge’,
Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 1. ME. _kerve_ (Chaucer, Tr. and
Cr. ii. 325). OE. _ceorfan_.
=kest,= _pt. t._ cast. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 15; Phaer, tr. of Aeneid,
i. 45; plotted, considered, id. i. 30. In gen. prov. use in the north
country, see EDD. (s.v. Cast, 2 (7)).
=keteryng,= a ‘cateran’, a Highland or Irish marauder; ‘A Scottishe
keteryng’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 75; l. 218; ‘Irish keterynges’, ib.,
Against the Scottes, 83. See NED. (s.v. Cateran). See =karne.=
=ketler,= an inexperienced gamester, a novice at gambling; Bunglers and
ketlers’ [at gambling], Middleton, Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. 543).
=ketling,= inexperienced; ‘Like an old cunning bowler to fetch in a
young _ketling_ gamester’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce,
v. 589). See NED. (s.v. Kitling, B).
=key,= a quay. Dryden, Annus Mirab. st. 231; Middleton, Women beware, i.
3. 17.
=kibbo,= a cudgel. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii. 1 (Scapin, in a Lancs.
dialect). In Ray (ed. 1691. MS. Add.) ‘kibbo’ is given as a Cheshire
word (EDD.).
=kid,= a faggot, small bundle of sticks; ‘Kydde, a fagotte’, Palsgrave;
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 29. In prov. use in various parts of
England from the north country to Essex, see EDD. (s.v. Kid, sb.^{2} 1).
ME. _kydd_, ‘fascis’ (Prompt. EETS. 247).
=kid,= a roebuck in its first year. Spelt _kyde_, Book of St. Albans,
fol. E 4; Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143.
=kid,= notorious; ‘The colonel was a cuckold, or a kid pirate’,
Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, i. 1 (Fireball). ME. _kid_, renowned,
famous, illustrious (Wars Alex., see Gl. Index); _kyd_, known (Chaucer,
C. T. E. 1943), pp. of _kythe_, to make known (C. T. F. 748). OE.
_cȳðan_.
=kie, kye,= cows. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Lorel). In gen. prov. use
in the north for the plural of ‘cow’ (EDD.). OE. _cȳ_, pl. of _cū_, cow.
=kiff,= for _kith_, relationship, standing in relationship, Middleton, A
Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim); Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 30.
=kill,= a kiln. BIBLE, Jer. xliii. 9; Nahum, iii. 14 (ed. 1611). A
common prov. form in many parts of England—the north country, Essex,
and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Hence _kill-hole_, Merry
Wives, iv. 2. 59 (ed. 1623). Cp. =kell= (2).
=kill-cow,= a murderous fellow, butcher; a great fighter. Fletcher,
Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); perhaps with reference to the story
of Guy of Warwick. See Nares.
=kimbo,= resembling arms set a-kimbo, Dryden, tr. of Virgil; Pastorals,
iii. 67; _on kimbow_, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Novel).
=kim-kam,= crooked, perverse. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 44.
Cp. the Shropshire saying, ‘Let’s a none o’ your kim-kam ways’ (EDD.).
See =kam.=
=kimnel,= a tub used for brewing, kneading, or salting meat. Beaumont
and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Alexander); ‘A _kimnel_, cadus salsamentarius’,
Coles, Dict., 1679; ‘kymnell, _quevette_’, Palsgrave. ME. _kymnelle_,
‘amula’ (Cath. Angl.).
=kinchin mort,= a very young female child (Cant). Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). _Kinchin_ is perhaps a corrupt form of G.
_kindchen_, little child. See =mort= (2).
=kinderkind,= kilderkin, small barrel. Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 383).
Du. _kindekin_, ‘the eighth part of a vat’ (Kilian). See NED. (s.v.
Kilderkin), and Dict.
=kindle,= to give birth to young, bring forth. As You Like It, iii. 2.
358; ‘I kyndyll, as a she-hare or cony dothe’, Palsgrave. Very common in
prov. use (EDD.). ME. _hyndlyn_, or brynge forthe yonge kyndelyngys,
‘feto’ (Prompt.).
=kindless,= unnatural. Hamlet, ii. 2. 609; Poole, David (ed. Dyce, p.
466).
=Kirsome,= Christian; ‘As I’m true Kirsome woman’, Beaumont and Fl.,
Coxcomb, iv. 7. 5. See =cursen.=
=kite,= a term of detestation. Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. 16;
iii. 4. 16; Hen. V, ii. 1. 80; King Lear, i. 4. 284; Ant. and Cl. iii.
13. 89; Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 83).
=kiss the post,= to be shut out of a house in consequence of arriving
too late (there being nothing else to kiss but the doorpost); ‘Make
haste, thou art best, for fear thou kiss the post’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV
(Hobs), vol. i, p. 47.
=kix,= a ‘kex’, dried-up stalk; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl.,
Coxcomb, i. 2 (Mercury).
=knacker,= a harness-maker. Tusser, Husbandry, § 58. 5. In Lancashire
_knacker_ is a term for a tanner (EDD.).
=knap,= a knave, a rogue. Spelt _knappe_, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1
(Dulipo); Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80. ‘A regular knap’, ‘a deead
knap’ are Yorkshire expressions for a cunning knave, see EDD. (s.v.
Knap, sb.^{2} 1).
=knap,= a small hill, a mound, knoll. Bacon, Essay 45; a hill-top,
Golding, Metam. xi. 339 (L. ‘vertice’). In prov. use in Scotland, and in
various parts of England (EDD.). OE. _cnæpp_, top, hill-top (Luke iv.
29).
=knap,= to knock, rap, strike smartly; to sound or toll a bell. Udall,
Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80; also, to knock together, Bacon, Sylva, §
133.
=knare, knar,= a knot or protuberance on a tree; ‘Woods with knots and
knares deformed’, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 536; spelt _gnarre_, Cockeram’s
Dict. (1623). See EDD. (s.v. Gnarr, sb.^{1} 1). Cp. ME. _knarry_,
gnarled (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1977). Low G. _knarre_; Du. _knar_; see NED.
=kned,= _pp._ kneaded. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1
(Savourwit). In prov. use in the north, and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v.
Knead, 3).
=knee-timber,= crooked timber, used in shipbuilding. Bacon, Essay 13.
=knight of the post,= a notorious perjurer; one who gets his living by
giving false evidence. Brome, Joviall Crew (Works, 1873, iii. 366);
Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 10. 37; Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i.
1 (Courtine). [Cp. Pope, Prologue to the Satires of Horace, 365, ‘Knight
of the post corrupt, or of the Shire.’] See Nares.
=Knight’s Ward,= one of the four prison-divisions or ‘sides’. There were
usually but three such divisions, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward,
and the Hole; See =counter= (3). When there were four, the Knight’s Ward
came second. In Eastward Ho, v. 1 (_or_ 2), Wolf says ‘the knight will
i’ the Knight’s Ward’, meaning that he was too humble to go into the
Master’s side. Also _Knight-side_, ‘Neither lie on the Knight-side, nor
in the Twopenny Ward’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). And see
Westward Ho, iii. 2 (Monopoly).
=knill, knyll,= to sound as a bell, ring. Morte Arthur, leaf 428*, back,
6; bk. xxi, c. 10; OE. _cnyllan_, to strike, ring a bell (B. T. Suppl.).
=knitting-cup,= a cup of wine drunk by the company immediately after a
wedding. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1 (Compass).
=knokylbonyarde,= a contemptible fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 485.
Dyce’s note gives two other examples. Deriv. of _knucklebone_.
=knot,= a flower-bed. Lyly, Euphues, p. 37; Campaspe, iii. 4 (Apelles);
Tusser. Husb. § 22. 22. In prov. use in Somerset, Dorset, and Devon,
also in the west Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.^{1} 13).
=knot,= the red-breasted sandpiper; ‘The knot that called was Canutus’
bird of old’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 341; ‘Knotts, i, _Canuti aves_, ut
opinor’, Camden, Brit. (ed. 1607, 408). Dan. _knot_, sandpiper (Larsen).
In the north of Ireland the name for the ringed plover, see EDD. (s.v.
Knot, sb.^{2}).
=knot-grass,= a plant with small pale-pink flowers, _Polygonum
aviculare_. An infusion of it was supposed to stunt one’s growth. Mids.
Night’s D. iii. 2. 329; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2
(Wife).
=knowledge,= to acknowledge; ‘I knowlege my folly’, Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. i, c. 12, § 3; ‘My flight from prison I knowledge’,
Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 150.
=knub,= a small bump. Golding, Metam. viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603);
‘knubbe, _callum_’, Levins, Manip. Low G. _knubbe_, a knob, lump; see
NED.
=knurre,= a round knotty projection on a tree; ‘A knurre, _bruscum,
gibbus_’, Levins, Manip.; hence, _knurred_ (_knurd_), knotted, rugged,
Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 302. ‘Knurr’ is in common prov. use in the
north country (EDD.).
=ko;= see =ka.=
=korke,= to adorn, render illustrious; ‘Duke Lionell, that all this lyne
[family of the White Rose] doth korke’, Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st.
6. From _corke_, the name of a purple dye, mentioned in Statutes of the
Realm, Act 1 Richard III. c. 8, § 3, as a dye-stuff; see NED. (s.v.
Cork, sb.^{2}).
=kost,= _pt. t._ kissed. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 256. Cp. OE. _coss_, a
kiss.
=kreking,= early dawn; ‘In the first krekyng of the day’ (F. _au point
du jour_), Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 18. 1. Du. ‘_het kriecken ofte
aenbreken van den dagh_, the creeke or the breaking of the day’
(Hexham). Cp. the Scottish phrase ‘creek of day’, day-break (EDD.).
Norm. F. _crique du jour_ (Moisy).
=kursin,= to christen. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 2.
‘Kursin’,’Kirsen’ are common forms of ‘christen’ in the north, see EDD.
(s.v. Christen).
=kydst,= in Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 92, written incorrectly in the
sense of ‘knewest’. ME. _kithen_ (pt. s. _kidde_), means ‘to make
known’. See =kid= (notorious).
=kyrie,= short for ‘kyrie eleison’ (κύριε ἐλέησον), _Lord, have mercy
upon us_; the earliest and simplest form of Litany. Used humorously for
a scolding, causing an outcry; ‘But he should have such a kyrie ere he
went to bed’, Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 138; ‘This kyrie
sad solfing’ (translating _Talia iactanti_, Aeneid i, 102), Stanyhurst
(ed. Arber, p. 21); _kyry_, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 755.
=kyrsin,= Christian. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii (Clay). See =cursen.=
L
=laced mutton,= a strumpet. Two Gent. i. 1. 102; B. Jonson, Neptune’s
Triumph (Boy). See NED. See =mutton.=
=lachesse,= negligence. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 74, back, 18. ME.
_lachesse_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 720), OF. _lachesse_, _laschesse_, deriv.
of _lasche_, slack. L. _laxus_, lax.
=lack,= to want. _What do y’ lack?_ what will you buy; the constant cry
of the shopkeepers. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, Induction, l. 1; Barth.
Fair, ii. 1 (Leatherhead).
=lackey,= to accompany, like a lackey or foot-boy. Massinger, Virgin
Martyr, i. 1 (Harpax). Used _fig._ ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey
her’, Milton, Comus, 455. See Dict.
=lad,= led; _pt. t._ of _lead_. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 4; iv. 8. 2. A
Lanc. form, see EDD. (s.v. Lead, 1 (1)).
=ladron,= a thief, robber. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro). Span.
_ladron_, a thief; L. _latro_, a robber.
=lady,= the calcareous substance in the stomach of a lobster, serving
for the trituration of its food; fancifully supposed to resemble the
outline of a seated female figure; ‘What lady? the lady in the lobster?’
Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 4 (Aimwell).
=Lady of the Lake,= a personage in Arthurian romance; hence, a fairy,
nymph; ‘This bevie of Ladies bright . . . all Ladyes of the lake
behight’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 120. Humorously, a woman of light
behaviour. Massinger, New Way to Pay, ii. 1 (Marrall).
=lag,= slow, tardy, habitually late. Richard III, ii. 1. 91; a laggard,
Dryden, To Mr. Lee, 43; _lag-end_, latter part, fag-end, 1 Hen. IV, v.
1. 24. See EDD. (s.v. Lag, adj., 1).
=lag-goose,= a personification of laziness, Tusser, Husbandry, §
85. 4. In Norfolk ‘lag-goose’ is in prov. use for the wild grey
goose, see EDD. (s.v. Lag, sb.^{9}).
=lag:= in phr. _lag of duds_, ‘buck’ or ‘wash’ of clothes, Fletcher,
Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen).
=lag,= to carry off, to steal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 15.
=laire;= see =leer.=
=lam,= to beat soundly, to thrash, flog. _Lamming_, a thrashing,
Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, v. 3 (Bacurius); Honest Man’s
Fortune, v. 2 (Laverdine); ‘_Gaulée_, a cudgelling, basting, lamming’,
Cotgrave; _lambed_, pp. beaten, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2
(Firk). In gen. prov. and colloq. use (EDD.). Cp. Icel. _lemja_ (pret.
_lamði_), lit. to lame.
=lamback,= to beat severely. Rare Triumphs of Love, iv. 1 (Lentulo), in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 204; Munday, Death E. Huntington, v. 1 (Brand),
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 305.
=Lamia,= a fabulous monster supposed to have the body of a woman, and to
suck the blood of children. Burton, Anat. Mel. iii. 2; a witch,
sorceress, ‘Where’s the lamia That tears my entrails?’, Massinger,
Virgin Martyr, iv. 1. L. _lamia_, a witch supposed to suck children’s
blood. In the Vulgate, Isaiah xxxiv. 14, the Heb. _Lîlîth_, ‘the
night-hag’, is rendered _lamia_. Gk. Λάμια, a fabulous monster.
=lampas,= a disease incident to horses, consisting in a swelling of the
fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth behind the front teeth. Described
in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 81; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 52. F. _lampas_
(Cotgr.).
=lamping,= shining brightly. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 1. Cp. Ital.
_lampante_, bright, shining (Florio).
=lance-knight,= a mercenary foot-soldier, esp. one armed with a lance or
pike. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., ii. 4 (Brainworm). Palsgrave has:
‘_Lansknyght_, lancequenet.’ G. _lanz-knecht_, lance-knight, a perverted
form of _lands-knecht_ = land’s knight (see Weigand, s.v. Land). See
Dict. (s.v. Lansquenet).
=lancepesade,= a non-commissioned officer of the lowest grade, a
lance-corporal. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1; _lance-presade_,
Cleaveland, Poems (Nares); _lanceprisado_, Fletcher, Thierry, ii. 2
(Martell). The term was orig. applied to a trooper who having broken his
lance (_lancia spezzata_) on the enemy was entertained as a volunteer
assistant to a captain of foot, receiving his pay as a trooper until he
could remount himself (Grose). See Estienne, Précellence (ed. 1896, p.
353) for account of _Lance-spessade_. See Stanford, and Nares.
=lanch, launch,= to cut, lance, pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 37;
Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). OF. (Picard) _lancher_ (F.
_lancier_). In W. Somerset they will ask for ‘a lanch to lanch the cow’,
see EDD. (s.v. Lance, sb.^{1} 1). See Dict. (s.v. Launch).
†=land-damn,= to rate severely (?). Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 143. The word
in Shakespeare is of doubtful authenticity. The alleged survival of the
word in dialects, with the sense ‘to abuse with rancour’, appears to be
imperfectly authenticated. For ingenious conjectures see Nares.
=landlouper,= a runner about the land, a vagabond. Bacon, Henry VII, p.
105; spelt _land-loper_; Howell, Forraine Travell, p. 67 (Arber). Du.
_landt-looper_, ‘a vagabond, or a rogue that runnes up and downe the
countrie’ (Hexham).
=langdebiefe,= wild bugloss. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 16; _langdebeef_,
Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. v, c. 15. OF. _lange de beof_, ‘ox tunge’,
‘lingua bovis’, ‘buglossa’ (Alphita, 24).
=langer,= to loiter about; ‘Wandryng and langerynge’, Morte Arthur, leaf
185. 20; bk. ix, c. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Linger).
=langued,= lit. tongued; in heraldry, represented with a tongue of a
specified tincture or colour. Butler, Hud. i. 2. 259. Cp. F. _langué_,
‘langued, a term of Blazon’ (Cotgr.).
=lannard,= a ‘lanner’, a species of falcon. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv.
3 (Fernando); ‘Lanarde, a hauke, lanier’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in
Cornwall for the peregrine falcon (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Lanner).
†=lansket,= a shutter, a panel of a door, or a lattice; ‘I peep’d in At
a loose lansket’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6 (Jaques). Only found
here (NED.).
=lantedo, lanteero;= ‘Your lantedoes nor your lanteeroes’, Middleton,
Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). See =adelantado.=
=lanterloo,= the old name of the card game now called _loo_. Etherege,
She Would if She Could, v. 1 (Sentry). Spelt _Lanterlu_, and used as a
name, Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 3 (near the end). See Stanford.
=lap,= a cant term for non-intoxicating drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl,
v. 1 (Song); ‘_lap_, butter-milke or whey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83.
=lapise, lappise,= to yelp. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 76; id., c.
33, p. 86; ‘lappyse or whymper’, id., c. 39, p. 108. F. _glappir_,
_glappissement_, (Cotgr.).
=lapwing,= said to cry out at a distance from her nest, in order to draw
the searchers away from it. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 10 (Arruntius); and
see Massinger, Old Law, iv. 2 (Simonides); Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2
(Alexander). Very common.
=lare,= a pasture. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 29. A pseudo-archaic use of
_lair_, the place where cattle lie, see EDD. (s.v. Lair, sb.^{1} 2, §
3).
=lare,= to fatten. So explained by Dyce, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose
Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura).
=Lares,= the household gods in Roman religion. _Lars_, Milton, Christ’s
Nativity, Hymn, st. 21; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 2 (Lupus).
=lash:= phr. _in the lash_, in the lurch; ‘To run in the lash’, Tusser,
Husbandry, § 10. 15; ‘Leave in the lash’, id., § 63. 20; ‘lie in the
lash’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; ‘Gave age
the whippe, and left me in the lash’, Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, s.
14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 446. See NED. (s.v. Lash, sb.^{1} 4).
=lash,= to move violently; ‘Lashing up his heels’ [of a horse], Dryden,
tr. of Ovid, Met. xii. 472; ‘’Gainst a rock was lashed in pieces’,
Congreve, Mourning Bride, i. 1 (Almeria).
=lash out,= to squander, waste. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 18; More,
Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 67).
=latch,= to catch. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 93; Macbeth, iv. 3. 195;
Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 36. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _lacchen_
(P. Plowman). OE. _læccan_, to seize, catch.
=lato,= a mixed metal; ‘latten’. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly);
_laton_, Morte Arthur, leaf 44, back, 25; bk. ii, c. 11. ME. _latoun_
(Chaucer, C. T. A. 699). Norm. F. _laton_, ‘laiton, alliage de cuivre et
de zinc’ (Moisy), Med. L. _lato_ (Ducange). See Dict. (s.v. Latten).
=launce,= a balance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 4. L. _lanx_, a scale.
=laund,= a ‘lawn’, a glade. 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 2; Drayton, Pol. xxvi.
69. ME. _launde_, a grassy clearing, a glade surrounded by trees
(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1691). Anglo-F. _launde_, OF. _lande_; probably of
Celtic origin, see W. Stokes, Celtic Dict., p. 239.
=launder,= one who washes linen. Tusser, Husbandry, § 83. 2. Hence
_laundered_ (landered), thoroughly washed, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 171. ME.
_lawndere_ (Prompt. EETS. 257). See Dict. (s.v. Laundress).
=laundring,= washing gold in aqua regia to extract metal from it. B.
Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).
=lautitious,= sumptuous, excellent. Herrick, The Invitation, 3. L.
_lautitia_, magnificence.
=lave,= used of ears: drooping, hanging down; ‘His lave eares’, Wily
Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 304; _lave-eared_, having long
drooping ears, Hall, Satires, ii. 29 (Nares); ‘Lave eared, plaudus’,
Levins, Manip. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _lave eres_
(Wars Alex. 4748).
=lave,= to droop, said of ears, ‘His ears hang laving’, Hall, Sat. iv.
1. 72. Icel. _lafa_, to droop.
=lavender:= phr. _to lay in lavender_, to pawn; Coles, Dict., 1699;
‘Rather than thou shouldst pawn a rag more, I’ll lay my ladyship in
lavender, if I knew where’, Eastward Ho, iv. 279 (Nares); _to lie in
lavender_, to be in pawn, ‘a black suit . . . now lies in lavender’, B.
Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, iii. 3. In R. Brathwaite’s Strappado
for the Devil is an epigram, ‘Upon a Poet’s Palfrey lying in Lavender
for the discharge of his Provender’, p. 154 (Nares). _Lavendered_, pp.
‘Your lavendered robes’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach).
=laver,= drooping, hanging down; ‘this laver lip’, Marston, Sat. v. 97.
See =lave.=
=lavolta,= the name of a lively dance, orig. for two people. Hen. V,
iii. 3. 33. Ital. _la volta_, the turn, ‘a French dance so called’
(Florio).
†=lavoltetere,= one who dances (and teaches) the _lavolta_. Fletcher,
Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1 (Host).
=law, to give,= to allow so much start, about twelve-score yards, to a
hunted animal. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (near the end); Drayton, Pol.
xxiii. 337; ‘She shall have law’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii
(Shakstone); vol. iv, p. 199.
=lay,= law. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 42; esp. religious law, hence, a
religion, creed, a faith; ‘’Tis Churchmans laie and veritie To live in
love and charitie’, Peele, Chron. Edw. I, B 3 (NED.). ME. _lay_,
religion, faith (Chaucer, C. T. B. 376). Anglo-F. _lei_, ‘loi, loi
religieuse, religion’ (Chans. Rol. 85).
=lay,= a ‘lea’, meadow. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 15; adj. fallow,
unploughed, ‘Let . . . land lie lay till I return’, Fletcher, Love’s
Pilgrimage, iii. 3 (Sanchio). ME. _lay_, ‘lond not tyllyd’ (Prompt.
EETS.); _laie_, fallow (Gamelyn, 161). See NED. (s.v. Lea, adj.).
=lay,= a wager. 2 Hen. VI, v. 2. 27; Othello, ii. 3. 330; Cymb. i. 4.
159. In prov. use in Yorks., Midlands, and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v.
Lay, sb.^{1} 20).
=lay,= to beset with traps; ‘All the country is laid for me’, 2 Hen. VI,
iv. 1. 4; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (near end); iv. 2 (Tim); A
Trick to Catch, i. 2. 3.
=lay:= phr. _to lay in_ (or _a_) _water_, to make nugatory, to bring to
a standstill, Lyly, Euphues, p. 34; Mydas, iv. 4 (Martius); Gosson,
School of Abuse, p. 21. See NED. (s.v. Lay, vb.^{1} 25).
=lay,= to lie; ‘Nature will lay buried a great Time, and yet revive’,
Bacon, Essay 38. For exx. of this intrans. use see NED. (s.v. Lie,
vb.^{1} 43), and EDD. (s.v. Lie, 16).
=layne,= to conceal. Morte Arthur, leaf 399, back, 13; bk. xx, c. 1. In
prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lane).
ME. _laynen_, to conceal (P. Plowman, C. iii. 18). Icel. _leyna_,
cognate with G. _leugnen_, to deny. See NED. (s.v. Lain).
=laystall,= a place where refuse is thrown aside. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5.
53; _leystall_, Drayton, Moses, bk. i. 115. See Nares. A Kentish word,
see EDD. (s.v. Lay, vb. 2 (9a)).
=laystow,= a ‘laystall’. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 628; ‘In
comparison of this present, the ancient gardens were but dunghils and
laistowes’, Harrison, Desc. Engl., bk. ii, ch. 20 (ed. Furnivall, 325);
‘Smythfeelde was . . . a layestowe of all order of fylth’, Fabyan Chron.
vii. 226 (NED.). A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, 2 (12)).
=layte,= lightning. Morte Arthur, leaf 353, back, 30; bk. xvii, c. 11.
ME. _leit_, ‘fulgor’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxiv. 27). OE. _lēget_, also _līgyt_
(Matt. xxiv. 27).
=laze,= to be lazy, to be listless. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol.
(Melpomene); Never too Late (ed. Dyce, 301). In prov. use (EDD.).
=leach,= a dish consisting of sliced meat, eggs, fruit, and spices in
jelly; ‘Leche made of flesshe, gelee’, Palsgrave; ‘Caudels, Iellies,
leach’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Shackle-soul), Works, iii.
285. F. _lèche_, ‘tranche très mince’ (Hatzfeld). See NED.
=lead:= phr. _to lead apes in hell_, the fancied consequence of dying an
old maid, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 87); Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 34; Much
Ado, ii. 1. 42; ‘_Mammola_, an old wench . . . one that will lead apes
in Hell’, Florio.
=lead,= a pot, cauldron, kettle. Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 14; ‘Brewyng
ledys’, pl., Bury Wills (ed. Camden Soc., p. 101). See EDD. (s.v. Lead,
sb.^{1} 6 and 7). In Lanc. ‘lead’ is used for a dyeing-vat; in the north
country furnace-vessels, of whatever metal made, are so called, from
having been usually made of that metal.
=leaden dart.= Cupid’s _leaden_ dart caused dislike; his _golden_ one
incited to love, Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, i. 1 (Antoninus); Roman
Actor, iii. 2 (Iphis). From Ovid, Met. i. 470.
=leading-staff,= a staff or truncheon borne by a commanding officer.
Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Smuggler); i. 2 (Parly).
=leak,= leaky. Spelt _leke_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; _leake_, id., vi.
8. 24. OE. _hlece_.
=leally,= truly, verily. Spelt _lelely_, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 1
(Sylvia); loyally, ‘He sall leallie and trewlie use and exerce his
office’, Skene, Difficil Words (1681). Anglo-F. _leal_, loyal (Rough
List), O. Prov. _leal_ (Levy).
=lear;= see =lere.=
=leare,= a cheek; _learys_, cheeks, Morte Arthur, leaf 186. 4; bk. ix,
ch. 21; spelt _lyers_, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 471. OE. _hlēor_,
cheek, face. See =leer.=
=lease,= a pasture. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 49; _lees_, Fitzherbert,
Husb., § 148. 18; ‘In pastures and leases’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i,
ch. 63 (The Place).
=leasues,= ‘leasowes’, pastures, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, §
103. OE. _lǣs_, a pasture (dat. _lǣswe_). See EDD. (s.v.
Leasowe).
=lease;= _Lease-parol_, a lease by word of mouth, instead of in writing.
Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1298); p. 134, col. 1.
=lease, lese,= to lie, tell lies. A Knack to know a Knave (Honesty), in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511. ME. _lesen_, OE. _lēasian_, to tell lies;
_lēas_, false.
=leasing,= lying, falsehood, a lie. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Spenser, F.
Q. i. 6. 48; BIBLE, Ps. iv. 2; v. 6; _lesynge_, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xiv.
18. ME. _leesyng_ (Wyclif, Ps. v. 7). OE. _lēasung_.
=leathe-weake,= having the joints flexible, hence, pliant, soft. Ascham,
Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 129). A north-country word, written _leathwake_,
_lithwake_, _leathweak_ (EDD.). ME. _lithwayke_, ‘flexibilis’ (Cath.
Angl.). OE. _leoðuwāc_, _liðewāc_ (BT.).
=leatica,= a red muscatel wine made in Tuscany. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt.
II, iv. 3 (1 Vintner). Ital. _liatico_ (Florio); _aleatico_, an
exquisite grape, a wine made therefrom (Fanfani). See NED. (s.v.
Liatico).
=leave,= to levy, raise an army. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 31. F. _lever_,
‘to raise, to levy’ (Cotgr.).
=leavy,= leafy, full of foliage. Much Ado, ii. 3. 75; Dryden, Flower and
Leaf, 316, 512.
=leden, ledden,= language. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 19; Colin Clout, 744;
Drayton, Pol. xii. 303. ME. _leden_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 435); OE. _leden_
(_lyden_), language, prop. the Latin language, L. _Latinus_; cp. O.
Prov. _latin_, ‘langage’ (Levy), OF. _latin_, language, also, the
warbling of birds (Bartsch, 581. 34); Ital. _latino_, language (Dante).
=ledger,= resident; esp. in capacity of ambassador; ‘His Ambassadour
that was ledger at Rome’, Daus, tr. Sleidane, 113 (NED.); _lieger_,
Webster, White Devil (Francisco), ed. Dyce, 18; _legier_, resting in a
place, Fairfax, Tasso, i. 70. 15; _leiger_, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure,
iv. 2 (Littleworth). See =lieger.=
=Lee.= ‘His corps was carried downe along the Lee’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2.
19; ‘I looked . . . adowne the Lee’, Ruines of Time (Globe ed. 496).
Probably the reference is to the name of a river.
=leefky,= for _leefkyn_, a bodice. _Leefekyes_, pl., Lyly, Euphues (ed.
Arber, 116). Du. _lijfken_: ‘_een vrouwen Lijfken_, A womans Bodies
[bodice]’ (Hexham); dimin. of _lijf_, a body.
=leefsom,= pleasant. Surrey, Complaint of absence, 23, in Tottel’s
Misc., p. 19. Cp. Scottish _leesome_, pleasant, loveable (EDD.). OE.
_lēofsum_ (Juliana, 17).
=leek,= like. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); riming with _cheek_.
=leer,= complexion. As You Like It, iv. 1. 67; Titus, iv. 2. 119; spelt
_laire_, Drayton, Harmony Church, Song Sol., ch. i, l. 12; _lere_,
Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1034; El. Rummyng, 12; _leyre_, Magnyfycence,
1573. For the sense, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{3} 3, and Lire, sb.^{3}).
OE. _hlēor_, face, countenance. See =leare.=
=leer,= tape. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 79). In Kentish glossaries, see
EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{2}). See NED. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{2}).
=leer,= empty. _A leer horse_, a horse without a rider (see Nares); _a
leer drunkard_, a drunkard void of self-control, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair,
Induction; New Inn, iv. 3 (Lovel). ME. _lere_, empty (Rob. Glouc., p.
81); see Stratmann (s.v. lǣre). OE. _lǣre_; cp. G. _leer_. Very common
in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, adj.^{1}).
=leer;= _Leer side_, in B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 2 (Turfe), and ii. 2,
‘Hat turn’d up o’ the leer side.’ Supposed by Nares to be used for the
left side. Probably due to the form _leereboard_ (for _lar-board_), see
Hakluyt’s Voyages, i. 4.
=leere,= lore. See =lere.=
=leese,= to lose. BIBLE, 1 Kings xviii. 5 (ed. 1611); Shak., Sonnet 5;
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 4. ME. _lesen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A.
1290); OE. _lēosan_.
=lefull,= permissible. Tyndale, Matt. xii. 12; Ascham, Toxophilus, 45.
ME. _leveful_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 37); _leve_, permission (id., C. T. B.
1637). See NED. (s.v. Leeful).
=leg:= in phr. _to make a leg_, to make an obeisance by drawing one leg
backward. Tempest, ii. 2. 62; Merry Wives, v. 5. 58; ‘Give him a plum,
he makes his leg’, Selden, Table Talk (Thanksgiving). See Nares.
=legacy,= an embassy, message delivered by a legate. Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, vii. 349; ix. 220.
=Lege de moy,= supposed to be the name of a dance; ‘Parys of Troy
Daunced a Lege de moy’, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 953; El. Rummyng, 587.
=legem pone,= a cant term for ready money; ‘There are so manie Danaes
now a dayes . . . If _legem pone_ comes he is receav’d, When _Vix haud
habeo_ is of hope bereav’d’, The Affectionate Shepheard (Halliwell);
‘They were all at our service for the _legem pone_’, Ozell’s Rabelais,
iv. 12; ‘Use _legem pone_ to pay at thy day, But use not _Oremus_ for
often delay’, Tusser, Husbandry, 29. The origin of the use of this Latin
phrase for money is doubtless this: The first great pay-day of the year
was March 25, on which day of the month the _Legem pone_ is the first
portion of the 119th Psalm read at Mattins, so that these words were
easily associated with the idea of payment and ready money. See Nares.
=leger,= light; ‘A hundred leger wafers’, The London Chanticleers, scene
5 (Welcome). F. _léger_.
=legiaunce,= faithful service. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 142. OF. _ligeance_,
_legiance_, deriv. of _lige_, _liege_, entitled to feudal service, also,
bound to render feudal service, see Didot (s.v. Lige, Ligence). Cp. O.
Prov. _litge_, ‘liege’; of Germanic origin, OHG. _ledig_, free;
_legiaunce_ was the feudal service of a free man. See NED.
=legier;= see =ledger.=
=legier-booke,= a ‘ledger-book’, i.e. a book containing records, a
cartulary, register. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 51. See Dict.
(s.v. Ledger).
=legierte,= lightness, agility. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 230. 20;
thoughtlessness, id., lf. 311, back, 23. F. _légèreté_, lightness.
=leiger;= see =ledger.=
=leke;= see =leak.=