‘You old fobus’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Jerry).
=fode,= a creature, person, man. Squire of Low Degree, l. 364; in
Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, ii. 37; The World and the Child, l. 4; in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. Also, a companion, id. 247. ME. _fode_, a
person, creature (Prov. Hendyng, 63); see Dict. M. and S.
=fode, foad,= to beguile with show of kindness or fair words, to soothe
in fancied security. Golding translates ‘Favet huic Aurora timori’, in
Ovid, Met. vii. 721, by ‘The morning foading this my feare’, ed. 1587,
99^{b}. Skelton has _fode_, Magnyfycence, 1719. ME. _foden_, to beguile
(Will. Palerne, 1646).
=fog,= rank, coarse grass. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 399; ‘Fogg in some places
signifies long grass remaining in pasture till winter’, Worlidge, Dict.
Rust.; ‘Fogge, _postfaenium_’, Levins, Manipulus. Hence _foggy_,
abounding in coarse grass, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 115; moist, Golding,
Metam. xv. 203. ‘Fog’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for
the aftermath; the long grass left standing in the fields during winter
(EDD.). ME. _fogge_ (Cleanness, 1683, in Allit. Poems, 85). Norm. dial.
_fogge_, long grass (Ross).
=fog,= to traffic in a servile way, hunt after, cheat. _Fogging_ rascal,
Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto). A back-formation from
_fogger_; cp. ‘pettyfogger’; see Dict. (s.v. Petty).
=foggy,= flabby, puffy, corpulent; ‘Fat and foggy’, Contention betw.
Liberality and Prodigality, v. 4 (Lib.); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii.
377; ‘_Un enbonpoint de nourrice_, a plump, fat, or foggy constitution
of body’, Cotgrave; ‘Foggy, to [too] ful of waste flesshe’, Palsgrave.
Also _fog_, bloated, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 672. ‘Foggy’ is in
prov. use in the north country for fat, corpulent.
=fogue,= fury. Dryden, Astraea Redux, 203. Ital. _foga_, fury, violent
force (Florio).
=foil, foyle,= to tread under foot, trample down; ‘That Idoll . . . he
did foyle In filthy durt’, Spenser. F. Q. v. 11. 33; the tread or track
of a hunted animal, ‘What? hunt a wife on the dull foil!’, Otway, Venice
Preserved, iii. 2 (Pierre); _foyling_, ‘_Foulée_, the slot of a stag,
the fuse of a buck (the view or footing of either) upon hard ground,
grass, leaves, or dust; we call it (most properly) his foyling’,
Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v. Foil, vb.^{1} 2).
=foil, foyle,= repulse, defeat, disgrace. Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st.
18; 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 23. See above.
=foin,= a thrust, in fencing. King Lear, iv. 6. 251; ‘Keep at the foin’
(i.e. do not close in fight), Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, ii. 389.
=foist,= a light galley; ‘The Lord Mayor’s foist,’ B. Jonson, Epig.
cxxxiii; Voyage, 100; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. F. _fuste_, ‘a
foist, a light galley’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _fusta_, ‘a foist, a fly-boat, a
light galley’ (Florio); O. Prov. _fusta_, ‘poutre, bois, vaisseau,
navire’ (Levy); Med. L. _fusta_, a galley, orig. a piece of timber
(Ducange). See =galley-foist.=
=foist= (a term in dice-play), to ‘palm’ or conceal in the fist, to
manage the dice so as to fall as required, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed.
Arber, 54); to cheat, play tricks, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1
(Alvarez); a cheat, a pickpocket, B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob);
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1; a trick, B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6
(Vol.); _foister_, a cheat, a sharper, Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 32.
Du. _vuisten_, to keep in the fist; _vuist_, the fist. See NED.
=folk-mote,= an assembly of the people. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 6. OE.
_folc-mōt_; _folc_, folk, people, and _mōt_, a moot or meeting.
=folt,= a foolish person. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii.
304; _foult_, Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1. ME. _folett_, ‘stolidus’
(Prompt.). OF. _folet_, ‘a pretty fool, a little fop, a young coxe, none
of the wisest’ (Cotgr.).
=folter.= Of the limbs: to give way; ‘His [the horse’s] legges hath
foltred’, Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. 1, ch. 17; of one’s speech:
to stumble, to stammer, Golding, Metam. iii. 277. See NED. (s.v. Falter,
vb.^{1}).
=fon,= a fool. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 59. ME. _fon_ (Wars Alex.
2944); _fonne_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4089).
=fond,= to play the fool, become foolish; to dote; ‘I fonde, or dote
upon’, Palsgrave. Hence _fonded_, befooled, full of folly, Surrey, tr.
of Aeneid, iv, l. 489 (L. _demens_, l. 374); ‘A fonded louer’ (an
infatuated lover), Turbervile, The Lover, seing himselfe abusde,
renounceth love, l. 11.
†=fond,= to found. Misspelt, for the sake of a quibble upon _fond_,
foolish; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Hammon).
=fone,= foes. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 10; Visions of Bellay, v. 10. OE.
_ge-fān_, foes; pl. of _ge-fā_, a foe.
=foody,= abounding in food, supplying food. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi.
104; ‘Their foody fall,’ their settlement in a food-supplying place,
id., xv. 638. ‘Foody’ is in prov. use in the north of England for rich,
fertile, full of grass (EDD.).
=footcloth,= a large richly-ornamented cloth laid over the back of a
horse and hanging down to the ground on each side; considered as a mark
of dignity and state (NED.). 2 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 51; Fletcher, Noble
Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine); Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 2 (Thierry);
‘My foot-cloth horse’, Richard III, iii. 4. 80; hence _foot-cloth_, a
horse provided with this adornment, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1. 10.
=foot-pace,= a raised platform for supporting a chair of state. Bacon,
Essay 56, § 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 466. F. _pas_, a step.
†=foot-saunt,= a game at cards; also called _cent-foot_, and apparently
the same as _cent_. Only in Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. See =cent.=
=fopdoodle,= a simpleton. Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, ii. 1
(Calaminta); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 998.
=for-,= intensive prefix, as distinct from _fore-_, beforehand. OE.
_for-_. Examples are given below: as _for-do_, _-hale_, _-slack_,
_-slow_, _-speak_, _-spent_, _-swatt_, _-swonck_, _-weary_, _-wounded_.
=for,= against, in order to prevent; chiefly with a sb. of verbal
origin. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 2; Two Gent. of Verona, i. 2. 136;
_for going_, i.e. to prevent going, to save from going, Pericles, i. 1.
40. (Common; and, if the meaning be not caught, the sense of the
sentence is altered.)
=forby, foreby,= hard by, near. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; v. 2. 54; by,
id., v. 11. 17. ME. _forby_ (Barbour’s Bruce, x. 345).
=force.= _Of force_, of necessity, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 5. 2; _on
force_, Heywood and Rowley, Fortune by Land, &c., ii. 1 (John); Works,
vi. 381; _force perforce_, by violent constraint, King John, iii. 1.
142; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 116; _to hunt at force_, to run the game down
with dogs instead of slaying with weapons, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2
(Robin).
=force.= _It is force_, it is of consequence or importance; usually
negative, _it is no force_, it does not matter, _no force_, no matter,
_what force_? what matter?; ‘No force for that, for it is ordered so’,
Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (Works, ed. Bell, 217). ME. _no force_, _no
fors_, no matter, no consequence; _what fors_, what matter (Chaucer).
Cp. Anglo-F. _force ne fe_t, it makes no force, it matters not (Bozon).
=force,= to trouble oneself, care; ‘I force it not’, I reck not of it, I
care not for it, Mucedorus, Induction, 68; _it forceth not_, it matters
not, it is not material, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 52). See
NED. (s.v. Force, vb.^{1} 14 b).
=fordo,= to destroy, overcome. Hamlet, ii. 1. 103. OE. _fordōn_, to
destroy.
=fore-,= prefix; often miswritten for the prefix _for-_, as in
_forespent_ for _forspent_. See under =for-.=
=forehand:= in phr. _forehand_ (_shaft_), an arrow used for shooting
straight before one. Ascham, Toxoph. p. 126; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52;
former, previous, Much Ado, iv. 1. 51; foremost, leading, Butler, Hud.
ii. 2. 618; in the front, the mainstay, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 143.
=forelay,= to lie in wait for. Dryden, Palamon, i. 493; also, to hinder,
Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid xi, 781.
=forepoynted,= appointed beforehand. Gascoigne, Hermit’s Tale, § 2; ed.
Hazlitt, ii. 141.
=fore-right,= right on, straight ahead. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta,
ii. 3. 8; said of a favourable wind, Massinger, Renegado, v. 8 (Aga). In
prov. use in Devon and Cornwall in the sense of straight forward (EDD.).
=foreset.= _Of foreset_, of set purpose, purposely. Ferrex and Porrex,
ii. 2, chorus, 13. See NED.
=forespeak,= to predict; especially, to foretell evil about one.
Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 792; xvii. 32; Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1
(Mother Sawyer).
=forfaint,= very faint, extremely languid. Sackville, Induction, § 15;
Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 73.
=forfare,= to perish, decay; ‘Thonge Castell . . . is now forfaryn’,
Fabyan, Chron., Pt. V, c. 83 (side-note); ed. Ellis, 61. ME. _forfaren_
(Gen. and Ex. 3018).
=forgetive,= inventive. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 107. A word of uncertain
formation, commonly taken to be a deriv. of the vb. ‘to forge’.
=forgrown,= grown out of use. Gascoigne, Prol., to Hermit’s Tale, ed.
Hazlitt, i. 139.
=forhaile,= to distract. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 243. See NED. (s.v.
For-, prefix^{1} 5 b).
=for-hent,= seized beforehand. Better _fore-hent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii.
4. 49. From _fore_, before, and _hent_, caught, from OE. _hentan_, to
seize.
=forhewed,= much hacked, severely cut. Sackville, Induction, st. 57.
=forjust,= to tire out in ‘justing’, beat in a tilting-match. Morte
Arthur, leaf 162. 35; bk. viii, c. 33.
=forkhead,= the head of an arrow, with two barbs pointing forward,
instead of backward, as in the _swallow-tail_. Ascham, Toxophilus, p.
135.
=forks,= a forked stake used as a (Roman) whipping-post. Fletcher,
Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); ii. 4 (Decius). L. _furcae_, pl., forks;
hence, a yoke under which defeated enemies passed; also, a
whipping-post.
=forlore,= utterly wasted. Sackville, Induction, st. 48; _forlorne_,
made bare, id. st. 8. OE. _forloren_, pp. of _forlēosan_, to lose, also,
to destroy.
=formerly,= first of all, beforehand. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 38; vi. 3.
38. Also, just now, even now; id., ii. 12. 67; Merch. Venice, iv. 1.
362.
=forpine,= to waste away. Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, 15;
_forpined_, wasted, Hall, Sat. v. 2. 91.
=forsane,= _pp._ ‘forsaken’, avoided, Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 720; xi.
412. I can find no third example of the form _forsaken_ being thus
contracted. (Not in NED.).
=forslack, foreslack,= to delay, to spoil by delay. Spenser, F. Q. vi.
12. 12; vii. 7. 45.
=forslow,= to delay. Marlowe, Edw. II, ii 4. 39. Ill spelt _foreslow_, 3
Hen. VI, ii. 3. 56; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 5 (Macilense).
=forsonke,= deeply sunk. Sackville, Induction, st. 20.
=forspeak,= to speak against. Ant. and Cl. iii. 7. 3.
=forspeak,= to bewitch. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 1 (Asotus);
Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 12; ‘They [the witches] saie they
have . . . forespoken hir neighbour’, R. Scot, Discov. Witchcraft, iii.
2. 45 (NED.); ‘_Fasciner_, to charm, bewitch, forspeak; _fasciné_,
forspoken’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland for ‘to bewitch’, ‘to
cause ill-luck by immoderate praise’ (EDD.). ME. _forspekyn_, or
charmyn, ‘fascino’ (Prompt.).
=forspent,= exhausted. 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 37; misspelt _forespent_,
Sackville, Induction, st. 12.
=forswatt,= covered with ‘sweat’. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99.
=forswonck,= spent with toil. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99. See
=swink.=
=forth dayes,= late in the day. Morte Arthur, leaf 402, back, 19; bk.
xx, c. 5. ME. ‘Whanne it was forth daies hise disciplis camen’, Wyclif,
Mark vi. 35.
=forthink,= to regret, to be sorry for. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 32; ‘I
forthynke, I repent me, _Je me repens_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word
(EDD.), ME. _forthynke_, ‘penitere’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. for _forþencan_,
to despise.
=forthright,= straight forward. Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 1076; id.,
Palamon, ii. 237; used as sb., a straight course, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3.
158. In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Forth). ME. _forth right_
(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 295).
=forthy,= therefore, on that account. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 14; Shep.
Kal., March, 37. ME. _for-thy_, therefore (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1841); OE.
_for-ðȳ_.
=forwaste,= wasted utterly. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. (Better
_forwast_, where _wast_ is contracted from _wasted_.) _Forwasted_, laid
waste, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 1.
=forwearied,= extremely wearied. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 13; Davies,
Orchestra, 58 (Arber’s Garland, v. 37).
=forwhy,= because. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 412, col. 1; Richard II,
v. 1. 46. ME. _for-why_ (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 461); see Dict. M. and S.,
and Wright’s Bible Word-Book.
=forwithered,= utterly withered. Sackville, Induction, st. 12.
=forworn,= worn out, exhausted. Gascoigne, Jocasta, iv. 1 (Antigone).
=forwounded,= badly wounded. Morte Arthur, leaf 175, back, 26; bk. ix,
c. 9.
=foster,= a ‘forester’. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 17; iii. 4. 50. Hence the
surname ‘Foster’.
=fougade,= a small powder-mine; applied to the gunpowder plot of Guy
Fawkes; ‘The fougade or powder plot’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i,
§ 17. F. _fougade_, a mine (Cotgr.).
=foulder,= a thunder-bolt. Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 47; hence as
vb., to drive out, as with a thunder-bolt, id., Mortimer, st. 4.
Anglo-F. _fouldre_ (Gower).
=fouldring,= thunderous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 20.
=foumerd,= a ‘foumart’, polecat. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 52. For numerous
forms of this very general prov. name for the polecat see EDD. (s.v.
Foumart). See =fulmart.=
=fourraye,= to fall upon, attack, raid; lit. to foray, plunder, act as
forayers. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 203. 8; _foureyed and threstid_,
charged and thrust, id., leaf 299. 29. See NED. (s.v. Foray).
=foutra, footra,= an expression of contempt; _a foutra for_, a fig for.
2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 103; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). For the
origin, see NED.
=fowe, fow,= to clean out, cleanse; ‘I fowe a gonge’, Palsgrave. In
prov. use in some parts of England for the more usual ‘fey’ or ‘fie’,
see EDD. (s.v. Fay, vb.^{2}). ME. _fowyn_, or make clean, ‘mundo,
emundo’ (Prompt. EETS. 184, see note no. 833); Icel. _fāga_, to clean.
=fowl,= a bird; pronounced like _fool_, and quibbled upon. 3 Hen. VI, v.
6. 18-20.
=fox,= a kind of sword. Hen. V, iv. 4. 9; ‘A right [genuine] fox’, Two
Angry Women, ii. 4 (Coomes). The wolf on some makes of sword-blade is
supposed to have been mistaken for a fox.
=foxed,= drunk. (Cant.) Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 3 (Clown);
_fox_, to make drunk, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 (near the end);
Pepys, Diary, Oct. 26, 1660.
=fox-in-the-hole,= a game in which boys hopped on one leg, and beat each
other with pieces of leather (Boas). Kyd, Soliman and Persida, i. 3
(end); Herrick, The Country Life, 57.
=foy,= fidelity, homage. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 41. F. _foi_, faith.
=fraight,= _pp._ fraught, loaded. Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce, p. 601, col.
1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 35.
=frail,= a basket made of rushes. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 2 (Peregrine);
‘A frail of figges’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2 (Silena); ‘_Cabas_, a
frail for raisins or figs’, Cotgrave; so Palsgrave. In common prov. use
in various parts of England—the Midlands, E. Anglia, and south-west
counties—for a soft flexible basket used by workmen and tradesmen
(EDD.). ME. _ffrayl_ of _ffrute_, ‘carica’ (Prompt.), _fraiel_ (Wyclif,
Jer. xxiv. 2); OF. _frayel_, ‘cabas à figues’ (La Curne). See Thomas,
Phil. Fr. 366.
=fraischeur,= freshness, coolness. Dryden, Poem on the Coronation, 102.
F. _fraischeur_ (mod. _fraîcheur_), coolness (Cotgr.).
=franion,= an idle, loose, licentious person. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37;
v. 3. 22; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); Works, i. 44. See Nares.
=frank,= a sty, a place to feed pigs in. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 160;
‘_Franc_, a franke, or stie, to feed or fatten hogs in’, Cotgrave; as
vb., to fatten, confine in a sty, Richard III, i. 3. 314; Middleton,
Game at Chess, v. 3. 14. ME. _frank_, a place for fattening animals,
‘saginarium’ (Prompt.), see Way’s note; OF. _franc_ (Didot), see Ducange
(s.v. Francum).
=frapler,= a blusterer, quarrelsome person. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels,
iv. 1 (Amorphus); see NED. (s.v. Fraple). Cp. _frap_, to quarrel,
_frappish_, quarrelsome, in EDD.
=frappet,= an endearing term addressed to a girl; ‘My little frappet’,
Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v. 1 (Ilford).
=fraught,= freight, cargo. Edw. III, v. 1. 79; Tempest, v. 1. 61; _fig._
of news brought by a new-comer. Milton, Samson, 1075; as vb., to lade,
load, form a cargo, Tempest, 1. 2. 13. See Dict.
=fraunch,= to devour; ‘Fraunching the fysh . . . with teath of brasse’,
Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 69; _fraunshe_, Turbervile, Hunting (ed.
1575, 358); see NED.
=fraunchise,= freedom. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 15, § last;
Fabyan, Chron. an. 1247-8, ed. Ellis, p. 336. ME. _franchyse_, privilege
(Chaucer), _fraunchyse_, ‘libertas’ (Prompt.); Anglo-F. _fraunchise_,
freedom, privileged liberty (Gower).
=fraying,= the coating rubbed off the horns of a deer, when she rubs it
against a tree. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John).
=fraying-stock,= a tree-stem against which a hart frays (or rubs) his
horns. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 27, p. 69.
=fream,= to roar, rage. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, ii. 234; iv. 169. L.
_fremere_.
=freat,= a weak place or blemish in a bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 114,
120; as vb., to injure, damage, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 4; in
Tottel’s Misc., p. 27. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OF. _frete_ (_fraite_),
a breach, injury, see La Curne (s.v. Fraicte), and Didot (s.v. Fraite).
=freke,= a warrior, fighting-man. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; Grimald,
Epitaph on Sir J. Wilford, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 112. ME. _freke_, a
warrior, a man (Dict. M. and S.), OE. _freca_ (Beowulf).
=fremman,= a stranger. Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 210.
For _fremd man_; ‘Fremd’ is in common prov. use for strange, foreign, in
Scotland and the north of England down to Northampton (EDD.). ME.
_fremede_, foreign (Chaucer). OE. _fremede_.
=frenne,= a stranger, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 28. ‘Fren’ is given as
a Caithness word in EDD. ME. _frend_, foreign (Plowman’s Tale, 626). See
above.
=frequent,= crowded, well-attended. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 3. 1; Dryden,
Hind and Panther, iii. 25; _f. to_, addicted to, Wint. Tale, iv. 2. 36;
_frequent with_, familiar with, Shak. Sonnet 117. L. _frequens_, crowded
(Cicero).
=freshet,= a stream or brook of fresh water. Hakluyt, Voy. i. 113, l. 4
from bottom; Milton, P. R. ii. 345.
=fret,= to wear away; to chafe, rub; ‘Frets like a gummed velvet’, 2
Hen. IV, ii. 2. 2. (Velvet, when stiffened with gum, quickly rubbed and
fretted itself out.)
=friar’s lantern,= _Ignis fatuus_, will-of-the-wisp. Milton, L’Allegro,
104. [Scott in Marmion, iv. i, following Milton, has taken the ‘friar’
to be Friar Rush, who had nothing to do with the _Ignis fatuus_, but was
the hero of a popular story—a demon disguised as a friar.]
=frim,= vigorous; ‘My frim and lusty flank’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 397;
abundant in sap, juicy, id., Owle, 5; Worlidge, Syst. Agric, 224. In
gen. prov. use in England in the sense of vigorous, healthy, thriving,
in good condition, luxuriant in growth; also, juicy, succulent (EDD.).
OE. *_frym_, cogn. w. _freme_, good, strenuous (BT.).
=frisle,= to ‘frizzle’, to curl the hair in small crisp curls.
Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1145; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, xii. 100. See EDD. (s.v.
Frizzle, vb.^{2}).
=frith,= wooded country, wood; often used vaguely; ‘In fryth or fell’,
Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid,
ix. 85 (L. _silva_). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).
ME. _frith_, ‘frith and fell’ (Cursor M. 7697). OE. _fyrhð_, a wood
(Earle, Charters, 158).
=fro, froe;= see =frow.=
=fro,= to go frowardly or amiss, to be unsuccessful. Mirror for Mag.,
Yorke, st. 23.
=frolic,= _s._, (prob.) a set of humorous verses sent round at a feast.
B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3 (Meer.).
=froligozene,= _interj._, rejoice!, be happy! Two Angry Women, ii. 2
(end); Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 173.
Du. _vrolijk zijn_, to be cheerful.
=fronted,= confronted. Bacon, Essay 15, § 16.
=frontisterion;= in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 310. See =phrontisterion.=
=frontless,= shameless. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 159; Odyssey, i. 425;
Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1040. 1187.
=frore,= intensely cold, frosty; ‘The parching Air Burns frore’, Milton,
P. L. ii. 595. Now only in poetical diction after Milton’s use. OE.
_froren_ pp. of _frēosan_, to freeze. ‘Frore’ is still in prov. use in
various parts of England for ‘frozen’, see EDD. (s.v. Freeze, 3 (11)).
=frorn,= frozen. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 243. In use in E. Anglia.
See above.
=frory,= frosty. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 35. A Suffolk word (EDD.).
=frosling,= a ‘frostling’, a gosling nipped or injured by frost.
Skelton, El. Rummyng, 460. ‘Froslin(g’ is a Suffolk word for
anything—plant or animal—injured by the frost (EDD.).
=frote, froat,= to rub, chafe; to rub a garment with perfumes. B.
Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Middleton, A Trick to Catch,
iv. 3 (1 Creditor). In prov. use in the north country and Shropshire
(EDD.). ME. _frote_, to rub (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1115, OF.
_froter_ (F. _frotter_).
=frounce,= to frizz or curl the hair; ‘An ouerstaring frounced hed’,
Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); Milton, Il Penseroso,
123. F. _froncer_, to wrinkle the brow, to frown. See Dict. (s.v.
Flounce, 2).
=frow, frowe, fro,= a Dutchwoman; a woman. London Prodigall, v. 1. 164;
Bacchus’ _froes_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, v. 1
(Wittypate). Du. _vrouw_; cp. G. _Frau_. See Stanford.
=frowy,= musty, sour, stale; ‘They like not of the frowie fede’,
Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 111. In use in E. Anglia and America, see
EDD. (s.v. Frowy), and NED. (s.v. Froughy). Probably a deriv. of OE.
_þrōh_, rancid (Napier’s OE. Glosses, vii. 193 and 210).
=froy,= brave, handsome, gallant; ‘And then my froy Hans Buz, A
Dutchman’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Thomas). Du. _fraai_,
‘brave, handsome, gallant, neat’ (Sewel). Cp. F. _frais_, ‘fresh, young,
lusty’ (Cotgr.).
=frubber,= a furbisher, burnisher, or polisher. Said to a maid-servant,
Chapman, Widow’s Tears, v. 3 (Tharsalio).
=frubbish,= to polish by rubbing; ‘To frubbish, _fricando polire_’,
Levins, Manip.; hence, _frubisher_, a polisher, Skelton, Magnyfycence,
1076. F. _fourbir_, ‘to furbish, polish’ (Cotgr.).
=frump,= to mock or snub. Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 (Franio);
‘_Sorner_, to jest, boord, frump, gull’, Cotgrave; ‘Hee frumpeth those
his mistresse frownes on’, Man in the Moone (Nares); a scoffer,
Gascoigne (ed. Hazlitt, i. 24); a taunt, a biting sarcasm, Harington,
Epigrams (Nares); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 3. ‘To frump’ is
in prov. use in many parts of England, meaning to flout, jeer; to scold,
speak sharply or rudely to, see EDD. (s.v. Frump, vb.^{2}).
=frush,= to bruise, batter. Tr. and Cr. v. 6. 29; _frusshid_, dashed in
pieces, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 28. OF. _fruissier_, _froissier_,
to break to pieces.
=frush,= fragments, remnants. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 39. A
Scottish word, see EDD. (s.v. Frush, sb.^{1} 4).
=fub,= a cheat, a fool. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Malevole).
=fub= (_gen._ with _off_), to put off deceitfully. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 37;
_to fob off_, Coriolanus, i. 1. 97. Cp. Low G. _foppen_, ‘Einen zum
Narren haben’ (Berghaus). See EDD. (s.v. Fob, vb.^{4}).
=fubbed,= fobbed, cheated. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle).
=fucate,= artificially painted over, disguised. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. iii, c. 4, § last but one. L. _fucatus_, pp. of _fucare_, to paint
the face; from _fucus_; see below.
=fucus,= paint for the complexion, a cosmetic. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 1
(Eudemus); Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo). L. _fucus_,
red dye. Gk. φῦκος, _rouge_, prepared from seaweed so called.
=fuge,= to flee, flee away; ‘I to fuge and away’, Gascoigne, Works, i.
231. (The construction seems to be—_I_ (_gan_) _to fuge._) L. _fugere_.
†=fulker,= a pawn-broker. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). Cp. Du.
_focker_, ‘an engrosser of wares’ (Hexham). See Fog (to traffic).
=fullam,= a loaded dice. Merry Wives, i. 3. 94. Spelt _fulham_. Butler,
Hudibras, ii. 1. 642.
=fulmart,= a ‘foumart’, pole-cat. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 4 (Lady
Tub); also _fullymart_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 31. ME.
_fulmard_, _fulmerde_, a polecat, OE. _fūl_, foul, and _mearð_, marten,
see Dict. M. and S. See =foumerd.=
=fum,= to play or thrum (on a guitar) with the fingers. Westward Ho, v.
2; Dryden, Assignation, ii. 3.
=fumado, fumatho,= a smoked pilchard; ‘Cornish pilchards, otherwise
called _Fumados_’, Nash, Lenten Stuff (1871), p. 61 (NED.); _fumatho_,
Marston, The Fawn, iv. 1 (Page); ‘Their pilchards . . . by the name of
Fumadoes, with oyle and a lemon, are meat for the mightiest Don in
Spain’, Fuller, Worthies, Cornwall, 1. 194. Span. _fumado_, pp. of
_fumar_, to smoke; L. _fumus_, smoke. See EDD. (s.v. Fair-maid).
=fumbling,= rambling in speech, hesitating. North, tr. of Plutarch, J.
Caesar, § 43 (in Shak. Plut., p. 98, n. 2); ‘Thy fumbling throat’,
Marston, Antonio’s Revenge, i. 1 (Piero).
=fumer,= a perfumer. Beaumont and Fl., Triumph of Time, sc. 1 (Desire).
=fumish,= angry, fractious. See EDD. and Nares. _Fumishly_, with
indignation, ‘Toke highly or fumishly’; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, §
14.
=fumishing,= variant of _fewmishing_, the dung of a hart or deer.
Turbervile, Hunting, c. 23; p. 65. See =fewmets.=
=funambulous,= narrow, as if one were walking on a tight-rope; ‘This
funambulous path’, Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 31.
=furacane, furicane,= a hurricane; ‘These tempestes of the ayer . . .
they caule Furacanes’, R. Eden, First three E. Books on America (ed.
Arber, p. 81). _Furicanes_, Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, vol. iii, p.
405. O. Span. _furacan_ (Sp. _huracan_), Pg. _furacão_, from the Carib
word given by Peter Martyr as _furacan_. See NED. (s.v. Hurricane).
=furbery,= a trick, imposture. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. viii, p.
43. F. _fourberie_, a trick.
=fur-fare,= to cause to perish, destroy. Morte Arthur, leaf 95, back,
30; bk. vi, c. 6. See =forfare.=
=furniment,= furniture, array. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 38. F.
_fourniment_, provision, furniture; _fournir_, to furnish (Cotgr.).
=furniture,= equipment. Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 182; trappings, All’s Well,
ii. 3. 65.
†=furny;= ‘I have a furny card in a place’, Lusty Juventus, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, ii. 78. Meaning doubtful; perhaps = F. _fourni_, provided.
=fustick,= the name of a kind of wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; Dyer,
The Fleece, bk. iii. 189. The name was given to _two_ kinds of wood:
(_a_) that of the Venetian sumach (_Rhus Cotinus_); (_b_) of the
_Cladrastis tinctoria_ of the W. Indies. F. and Span. _fustoc_, Arab.
_fustuq_; from Gk. πιστάκη, pistachio.
=futile,= unable to hold one’s tongue, loquacious. Bacon, Essay 20, § 4.
L. _futilis_, that easily pours out, ‘leaky’.
=fyaunts;= see =fiants.=
G
=gabel,= tribute, tax. Massinger, Emp. of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria).
OF. _gabelle_, Late L. _gabella_; cp. Med. L. _gabulum_, tribute
(Ducange). A word of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, pp. 74, 75, and
Modern Language Review, July, 1912 (note by A. L. Mayhew on
‘Gavelkind’).
=gable,= a ‘cable’, rope. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 333; ix. 211; x.
165; xii. 47, 577. See NED.
=gaffle,= a steel lever for bonding the cross-bow. Drayton, Muses’
Elysium, Nymphal vi, 67; Complete Gunner, iii. 15. 12 (NED.). Du.
_gaffel_, a fork.
=gage,= a quart-pot. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen);
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_A gage of bowse_, whiche is a
quart-pot of drinke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 34. For _gauge_, i.e. a
measure.
=gag-tooth,= a projecting or prominent tooth. Return from Parnassus, l.
2 (Ingenieso); hence, _gag-toothed_, Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1
(Vincentio); _gagge-toothed_, Lyly, Euphues, p. 116.
=gain,= near, straight, direct; said of a way; ‘They told me it was a
_gayner_ way, and a fayrer way’, Latimer, 3 Sermon before King, ed.
Arber, p. 101 (top). In gen. prov. use in Scotland, and in England in
the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia, EDD. (s.v. Gain, adj. 1).
ME. _geyn_, ryȝht forth, ‘directus’ (Prompt.); Icel. _gegn_.
=gaingiving,= a misgiving. Hamlet, v. 2. 226. The prefix _gain-_ has the
sense of opposition. OE. _gegn_, see NED.
†=gain-legged= (?); ‘I’ll short that gain-legg’d Longshank by the top’,
Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce, i. 103). Possibly, nimble, active-legged. Cp.
EDD. (sv. Gain, adj. 5).
=galage,= a wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole; ‘A Galage, a shoe:
_solea_, _sandalium_’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Galage, a startuppe or clownish
shoe’, Glosse to Spenser’s Shep. Kal., Feb., 244; ‘Shoe called a gallage
or patten whyche hath nothynge but lachettes’, Hulcet. ME. _galegge_ or
_galoch_, ‘crepita’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 837); Anglo-F.
_galoche_. See Dict. (s.v. Galoche).
=gald,= to gall; pt. t. _galded_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 422; pp.
_galded_, Eden, First three Books on America, p. 386. A false form; from
the pp.
=galley-foist,= a state barge, esp. of the Lord Mayor of London.
Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (end); B. Jonson, Silent
Woman, iv. 2. See =foist.=
=galliard,= lively, brisk, gay. Shadwell, Humorist, ii (Works, ed. 1720,
i. 172); _galyarde_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 3, § 1. ME.
_gaillard_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4367); F. _gaillard_, gay.
=galliard,= a quick and lively dance in triple time. Twelfth Nt.
i. 3. 137; Bacon, Essay 32.
=galliardise,= gaiety. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. II, § 11. F.
_gaillardise_ (Cotgr.).
=gallimaufry,= a medley. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 335; used as a term of
contempt, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre); spelt
_gallymalfreye_, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 64. F. _galimafrée_,
a dish made by hashing up remnants of food; a hodge-podge; OF.
_calimafree_ (Hatzfeld).
=galyarde;= see =galliard.=
=gamashes,= leggings or gaiters to protect from mud and wet. Middleton,
Father Hubberd’s Tales (Dedication); Marston, What you will, ii. 1
(Laverdure). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). Norm. F.
_gamaches_, ‘grandes guêtres en toile, montant jusqu’au dessus du genou’
(Moisy); Prov. _garramacho_ (_garamacho_), ‘houseau’ (Mistral);
Languedoc dial. _garamachos_, _galamachos_, _gamachos_, ‘guêtres de
pêcheurs’ (Boucoiran).
=gambawd,= a gambol, a frisk. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 65. _To fett
gambaudes_, to fetch gambols, to gambol, frisk about, Udall, tr. of
Apophthegmes, Aristippus, § 45. F. ‘_gambade_, a gambol, tumbling trick’
(Cotgr.).
=gambone,= a gammon of bacon; ‘a gambone of bakon’, Skelton, El.
Rummyng, 327. ME. _gambon_, a ham (Boke St. Albans, fol. f2, back); OF.
(Picard) _gambon_ (F. _jambon_), leg; for related words see Moisy (s.v.
Gambe).
=gambrel,= a stick placed by butchers between the shoulders of a newly
killed sheep, to keep the carcass open. Chapman. Mons. d’Olive, iii
(near the end). In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.^{1} 1).
=gambrill,= the hock of an animal. Holland, Pliny, i. 225. Cp.
_gammerel_, ‘a hock’, a Devon and Somerset word, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel,
sb.^{1} 2).
=gamning,= gaming. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 51. So also _gamnes_, games,
id., p. 52. From OE. _gamen_, a game.
=gan,= the mouth. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 82; Brome, Jovial Crew, ii
(Mort’s song).
=ganch, gaunch,= to let one fall on sharp stakes (orig. on a sharp
hook), there to remain till death. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2
(Mufti). Hence _gaunshing_, this kind of punishment; Howell, Foreign
Travell, Appendix, p. 85. F. _gancher_: ‘_Ganché_, (a person) let fall
(as in a strappado) on sharp stakes pointed with iron, and thereon
languishing until he die’ (Cotgr.); Ital. ‘_ganciare_, to sharpen at the
point’ (Florio).
=gandermooner,= one who practised gallantry during the gander-moon, or
month when his wife was lying in. Middleton, Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Meg’s
song). ‘Gander-moon’ is still used in Cheshire, meaning the month of the
wife’s confinement, see EDD. (s.v. Gander, (6)).
=ganza,= a goose. In The Man in the Moon, by Bp. Godwin, a man is said
to have been drawn to the moon by _Ganza’s_. The name was borrowed from
Holland’s Pliny, bk. x, c. 22 (vol. i. 281a), where Holland has: ‘The
Geese there . . . be called _Ganzæ_.’ But the L. text has _Gantæ_. Hence
the pl. _ganzas_, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 782.
=gar,= to cause, to make; ‘I’ll gar take’, I will make you take, B.
Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘_Ays gar_’ (for _I’s’gar_), I shall
make, Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). In gen. prov. use in Scotland
and the north of England (EDD.). ME. _gar_ (Cursor M. 4870); Icel.
_ger_(_v_)_a_.
=garb,= a wheat-sheaf. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 370. Norm. F. _garbe_ (F.
_gerbe_), see Moisy, p. 533.
=garboil,= a tumult, disturbance, brawl. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 61; ii. 2.
67; Shirley, Young Admiral, iii. 2. 1. F. _garbouil_, ‘a garboil,
hurliburly’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _garbuglio_, a garboile; _garbugliare_, to
garboile, to turmoile (Florio).
=gardage, guardage,= keeping, guardianship. Othello, i. 2. 70; Fletcher,
Thierry, v. 1 (Vitry).
=garded, guarded,= trimmed, provided with an ornamental border or
trimming. Merch. of Venice, ii. 2. 164; Hen. VIII, Prol. 16.
=garden-bull,= a bull baited at Paris Garden, on the Bankside, London.
Middleton, The Changeling, ii. 1 (De F.).
=gardes,= the dew-claws of a deer or boar; ‘Gardes [of a boar], which
are his hinder clawes or dewclawes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 52; p. 154;
_gards_ [of a deer], id., c. 37; p. 100. F. _gardes_: ‘les gardes d’un
sanglier, the deaw-claws, or hinder claws of a wild Boar’ (Cotgr.).
=gardeviance,= orig. a safe or cupboard for viands, usually, a
travelling trunk or wallet; ‘Bagge or gardeviaunce to put meat in,
_reticulum_’, Huloet; ‘a gardeviance of usquebagh’, Sir B. Boyle, Diary
(NED.); a little casket, Udall, tr. Apoph., Alexander, § 52. F.
_garde-r_, to keep, + _viande_(_s_, viands.
=garet,= a watch-tower. Morte Arthur, leaf 100, back, 6; bk. vi, c. 11.
ME. _garyt_, ‘specula’ (Prompt. EETS. 187). OF. _garite_ (F. _guérite_);
see Cotgrave on both forms, and Estienne, Précellence, 358. See Dict.
(s.v. Garret).
=gargarism,= a gargle; humorously, a physician. Webster, White Devil
(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 16. Gk. γαργαρίζειν, to gargle.
=gargell-face,= a face like a ‘gargoyle’, or grotesquely carved spout;
‘Before that entry grim, with gargell-face’, Phaer, Aeneid vi, 556
(without any Latin equivalent). See Dict. (s.v. Gargoyle).
=garing,= staring, horrid; ‘With fifty garing heads’, Phaer, tr. of
Virgil, bk. vi, l. 576 (Latin text). See =gaure.=
=garnysshe,= to supply (a castle) with defensive force and provisions.
Morte Arthur, leaf 18. 32, bk. i, c. 1; lf. 26. 8, bk. i, c. 11. F.
‘_garnir_, to garnish, provide, supply’ (Cotgr.).
=garran, garron,= a small Irish or Scotch horse. Spenser, View of
Ireland, Globe ed., p. 619, col. 2. Irish _gearran_, a horse, a gelding
(Dinneen).
=gaskins,= a kind of hose or breeches. Dekker, Gentle Craft (Wks., ed.
1873, i. 18); Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife);
‘_Gascoigne breeches_, or Venetian hosen, _greguéscos_’, Minsheu, Span.
Dict.; ‘_Gascoyne bride_, one who wears breeches’, Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 2 (Sir Guy). ‘Gaskins’ is a Lincolnsh. word for gaiters (EDD.).
=gast,= to frighten. King Lear, ii. 2. 57; ‘I gasted hym, _Je lui
baillay belle paour_’, Palsgrave. ME. _gasten_: ‘To gaste crowen from
his corn’ (P. Plowman, A. vii. 129).
=gaster,= to frighten, Giffard, Dial. Witches (Nares); Beaumont and Fl.,
Wit at Several Weapons, ii. 4 (near end). A north-country and Essex word
(EDD.).
=gate,= a way, path, road. Gascoigne, Voyage to Holland (ed. Hazlitt),
i. 385; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 13. In common use in the north country down
to Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.^{2} 1); cp. ‘Irongate’, the name
of the busiest thoroughfare in Derby. ME. _gate_, or way, ‘via’ (Prompt.
EETS. 188). Icel. _gata_.
=gate,= to walk; ‘Three stages . . . Neere the seacost gating’,
Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 191. Cp. Worcestersh. phr. _to go gaiting_, to go
about for pleasure, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, vb.^{2} 21).
=gate-vein,= the principal vein; applied metaphorically to the chief
course of trade. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 146; Bacon, Essay 19.
See =vena porta.=
=gather-bag;= ‘_Gather-bag_, the bag or skinne, inclosing a young red
Deere in the Hyndes belly’, Bullokar (1616); ‘The _Gather-bagge_ or
mugwet of a yong Harte when it is in the Hyndes bellie’, Turbervile,
Hunting, c. 15; p. 39.
=gauderie,= finery. Hall, Satires, iii. 1. 64; Bacon, Essay 29, § 12.
=gauding,= festivity; hence, jesting, foolery. Udall, Roister Doister,
iii. 4. 1.
=gaunt,= a gannet; ‘The gaglynge gaunte’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 447.
‘Gaunt’ is the Lincolnsh. word for the great crested grebe (EDD.). ME.
_gante_ (Prompt. EETS.); OE. _ganot_.
=gaunt,= thin, slender; ‘She was gaunte agayne’ [after childbirth],
Latimer, 5 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 154); ‘They who . . .
desire to be gant and slender . . . ought to forbear drinking at
meales’, Holland, tr. Pliny, ii. 152. ‘Gant’ is in prov. use for slim,
slender; in Suffolk they speak of horses looking ‘gant’; so in Kent, of
a greyhound that is thin in the flanks (EDD.). ME. _gawnt_, or lene
(Prompt.).
=gaure,= to stare, gaze. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2275. ME. _gauren_
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1108 (1157).
=gaurish,= staring, showy, garish. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 54.
=gavel,= a quantity of corn, cut and ready to be made into a sheaf.
_Gavel-heap_, said of wheat that is reaped but not bound, Chapman, tr.
of Iliad, xxi. 328. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Gavel, sb.^{2}).
Norm. F. _gavelle_, ‘javelle’ (Moisy), Med. L. _gavella_ (Ducange).
=gaw;= see =gow.=
=gawring-stock,= a gazing-stock, a spectacle. Mirror for Mag., Yorke,
st. 21. See =gaure.=
=gazet, gazette,= a Venetian coin of small value. B. Jonson, Volpone,
ii. 2 (Peregrine); Massinger, Maid of Honour iii. 1 (Jacomo). Ital.
‘_gazzetta_, a kind of small coyn in Venice, not worth a farthing of
ours’ (Florio). See Dict.
†=geances.= Only in B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 4 (Hilts). A rustic
pronunciation of _chances_? Nares supposes that _geances_ = _jaunces_.
See =jaunce.=
=gear, geer, gere,= dress, apparel. L. L. L. v. 2. 304. (ME. _gere_,
equipment, Chaucer, C. T. A. 4016). Also, wealth, property, B. Jonson,
Sad Sheph. ii. 1; talk, in depreciatory sense, ‘stuff’, Selden, Table
Talk (ed. Arber, 20); an affair, business, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 6; Romeo,
ii. 4. 107; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Yellow). ‘Gear’ is very
common in prov. use in various senses; see EDD. (s.v.): 1, apparel; 9
and 10, goods, property; 15, trash, rubbish; 16, affair, business. See
Dict.
=geason,= scantily produced; rare, scarce, uncommon; ‘Ixine is a rare
herb and geason to be seen’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 98; Spenser, F. Q. vi.
4. 37. ME. _gesen_ (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 271). OE. _gǣsne_, barren,
unproductive. An Essex word (EDD.).
=geats;= ‘The female, which are called Geats, and the buckes Goates’,
Turbervile, Hunting, ch. 47; p. 146. ME. _geet_, pl. she-goats
(Trevisa’s Higden, i. 311). OE. _gǣt_, nom. pl. of _gāt_, a she-goat.
=gee and ree;= ‘He expostulates with his Oxen very understandingly, and
speaks Gee and Ree better than English’, Earle, Microcosm, (ed. Arber,
49). Cp. EDD. (s.v. Gee, _int._): ‘Some or other of the crook horses
invariably crossed him on the road . . . owing to two words of the
driver, namely “gee” and “ree”,’ Bray’s Desc., Tamar and Tavy. Two words
of command to an animal driven; _Gee_, directs it to go forward, to move
faster, _Ree_, to turn to the right.
=gelt,= a lunatic; ‘Like a ghastly Gelt whose wits are reaved’, Spenser,
F. Q. iv. 7. 21. Irish _gealt_ (_geilt_), a madman (Dinneen).
=gelu,= ‘jelly’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 265.
=gemonies,= steps on the Aventine Hill (Rome) whence the bodies of state
criminals were flung down, and afterwards dragged into the Tiber
(_scalae Gemoniae_). Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1 (Lamia); B. Jonson,
Sejanus, iv. 5 (Lepidus).
=genethliac,= relating to nativities; hence, one who calculates
nativities, an astrologer. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 689. Gk.
γενεθλιακός, belonging to birth; from γενέθλη, birth.
=Geneva print.= In the Merry Devil, ii. 1. 64, the Host says to the
half-drunken smith, ‘I see by thy eyes thou hast been reading little
Geneva print’, i.e. literally, type such as is in the Geneva Bible; but,
allusively, it means, ‘you have been drinking _geneva’_, i.e. _gin_.
=geniture,= horoscope, the plan of a nativity, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 1;
that which is generated, offspring, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 1345. L.
_genitura_, a begetting; seed of generation (Pliny); that which is
generated (Tertullian).
=gennet-moyl,= a kind of apple that ripens early; ‘Trees grafted on a
gennet-moyl or cider-stock’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust., 1681. p. 121;
_genet-moyle_, Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 116. See EDD. (s.v.
jennet).
=gent,= noble, high-born; valiant and courteous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11.
17; (of women) graceful, elegant, F. Q. i. 9. 27; (of the body) shapely,
slender, Greene, Desc. of the Shepherd, 62 (ed. Dyce, p. 305). OF.
_gent_, well-born.
=gentee,= genteel, elegant. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 747. F. _gentil_
(_l_ silent).
=gentry-cove,= a nobleman or gentleman. (Cant.) B. Jonson, Gipsies
Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘A gentry cofes ken, a gentleman’s house’,
Harman, Caveat, p. 83.
=George,= a half-crown, bearing the image of St. George. Shadwell,
Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior).
=gere;= see =gear.=
=gere, gear, geer,= a sudden fit of passion, transient fancy. North,
Plutarch (ed. 1676, p. 140); Holland, Am. Marcell. xxxi. 12. 421. ME.
_gere_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1531).
=gery,= capricious, fitful; ‘His seconde hawke waxid gery’,
Skelton, Ware the Hawke, 66. ME. _gery_ (Chaucer, C. T. A.
1536).
=german,= a brother. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 13; ii. 8. 46; cp. Othello, i.
1. 114. L. _germanus_, having the same father and mother.
=gern,= a snarl, a ‘grin’. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Balurdo);
_gerne_, to grin, id., The Fawn, iv. 1 (Zuccone); Spenser, F. Q. v. 12.
15. ‘Girn’ is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of
England (EDD.). ME. _gyrn_, to grin (Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 322; xiii.
157).
†=gernative,= grinning (?). Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 5 (Dampit).
=gerr,= to jar, to be discordant. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 17.
=gesse,= pl. guests. Lyly, Euphues, 305; spelt _guesse_, Gage, West
Indies, xiv. 90; _guess_, Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4. 6. See NED. (s.v.
Guest).
=gesseron,= a ‘jazerant’, a light coat of armour. Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. i, ch. 17, § 7. OF. _jazeran_ (_jesseran_), a light coat
of armour, see Didot (s.v. Jaseran); orig. an adj., as in _osberc
jazerenc_ (Ch. Rol. 1604), O. Prov. _jazeren_, ‘de mailles’ (Levy). Dozy
(s.v. Jacerina) says that the supposition that the word means ‘Algerian’
is unfounded.
=gest,= pl. _gests_, the various stages of a journey, esp. of a royal
progress; ‘In Jacob’s gests Succoth succeeds . . . to Peniel’, Fuller,
Pisgah, v. 3. 147; ‘The King’s gests’, L’Estrange, Charles I, 126.
_Gest_, the time allotted for a halt, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 41. A later
form of =gist,= q.v.
=gest=(=e,= story, narrative. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 15; exploit, Mother
Hubberd’s Tale, 978. ME. _geste_, romance, tale; pl. histories,
occurrences (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _geste_, L. (res) _gesta_, a thing
performed.
=gets,= pl. the jesses of a hawk; ‘Her gets, her jesses and her bells’,
Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles). Both _gets_ and _jess_ are
plural forms of OF. and Prov. _get_ (F. _jet_), ‘a cast, a throw’, cp.
F. _jeter_, to throw. The form _jesses_ is a double plural.
=giambeux,= armour for the legs. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. _jambeux_
(Chaucer, C. T. B. 2065). Deriv. of F. _jambe_, the leg (Cotgr.).
=gib,= a familiar name for a cat. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190. Also, _Gib-cat_,
‘I am as melancholy as a gib-cat’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83. Hence, _Your
Gibship_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1. ‘Gib’ and ‘Gib-cat’ are
in prov. use in the north, and down to Hereford, in the sense of a male
cat, gen. one that has been castrated (EDD.).
=gibbed cat,= gen. taken to mean a castrated cat. Rowley, A Match at
Midnight, ii. 1 (Jarvis).
=gibbridge,= unintelligible talk, idle talk. Drayton, Pol. xii. 227;
‘_Bagois_, gibridge, strange talk, idle tattle’, Cotgrave. A Yorksh.
pronunciation of _gibberish_ (EDD.).
=Giberalter,= ? a Gibraltar monkey, an ape, Merry Devil, i. 2. 14. See
NED.
=gig= (with hard _g_), to produce another like itself, but smaller. Only
used metaphorically, and derived from ME. _gigge_, a whipping-top. See
NED., which has: ‘The verb seems to denote the action of some kind of
_gig_, or whipping-top of peculiar construction, having inside it a
smaller _gig_ of the same shape, which was thrown out by the effect of
rapid rotation.’ Hence, ‘The first [lampoon] produces, still, a second
jig [i.e. lampoon]; You whip them out, like schoolboys [i.e. as
schoolboys do], till they gig’; Dryden, Prologue to Amphitryon, 20, 21.
=giggots,= slices, small pieces. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 452; ii. 372;
spelt _giggets_, Fletcher, Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Boatswain). F.
_gigot_, a leg of mutton. See NED.
=giglet, giglot,= a wanton. Meas. for M. v. 352; B. Jonson, Sejanus, v.
4 (Sej.), where it is applied to Fortune; Middleton, Family of Love, i.
2 (Gudgeon). In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland
(EDD.). ME. _gygelot_, ‘agagula’ (Prompt. EETS. 191). Cp. F.
_gigolette_, ‘grisette, faubourienne courant les bals publics’
(Delesalle).
=gilder,= a ‘guilder’, an old Dutch coin. Comedy of Errors, i. 1. 8. Du.
_gulden_, ‘a guilder’ (Sewel); with _n_ not pronounced, it sounds like
_gilder_ to an English ear. See Dict. (s.v. Guilder).
=gill,= a wench, servant-maid. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 709; ‘A gill or
gill-flirt, _gaultiere_, _ricalde_’, Sherwood. A pet name for Gillian or
Juliana.
=gilt,= a jocose term for money. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2
(Follywit); Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat).
=gilt-head,= a name given to various fishes. Webster, Devil’s Law-case,
i. 1 (Romelio); Hakluyt, Voy. iii. 520, l. 7. Applied to fishes marked
on the head with golden spots or lines; such as the bonito, the dorado
or dolphin, and the golden wrasse.
=gim,= smart, spruce. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, i. 3 (Mrs. Amlet). In
prov. use in Lancashire and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jim, adj.).
=gimcrack,= an affected or worthless person, a fop. Fletcher, Loyal
Subject, iv. 2 (Theodore). Also, a fanciful notion, Massinger, Duke of
Milan, iv. 3 (Graccho).
=gimmal,= in pl. _gimmals_, _gimols_, joints, links, connecting parts of
machinery, Gosson, Trump. War, F 5 (NED.). Hence _gimmaled_, made with
gimmals or joints, ‘The jymold (gimmaled) bitt’, Hen. V, iv. 2. 49;
spelt _gymould_, made with links (applied to mailed armour), K. Edw.
III, i. 2. 29. ME. _gymew_, _gymowe_, ‘gemella’ (Prompt. EETS. 191, see
note no. 877). OF. _gemel_ (F. _gemeau_), L. _gemellus_, twin. See
=jimmal-ring.=
=gimmors,= links in machinery, esp. for transmitting motion as in
clockwork. 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 41. ‘Gimmer’ (‘jimmer’) is a name for a
hinge in the north country and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jimmer,
sb.^{1}).
=gin,= to begin. Macbeth, i. 2. 25; Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p.
556); _gan sort to this_, began to grow to this, grew to this; Peele (as
above).
=gin,= a contrivance, ‘engine’. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, 1. 298. See
Dict. (s.v. Gin, 2).
=ging,= a company of people. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 3; B. Jonson,
Alchemist, v. 1 (Lovewit); New Inn, i. 1 (Lovel). In prov. use, cp. the
Leicester saying, ‘The wull ging on ’em’ (i.e. the whole lot of them),
see EDD. (s.v. Gang, 12). ME. _ging_(_e_, a company, a following,
retinue (Wars Alex., freq., see Glossarial Index); OE. _genge_, a
following (Chron. A.D. 1070).
=ginglymus,= a joint. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). L.
_ginglymus_; Gk. γίγγλυμος, a joint (as of the elbow).
†=ginimony.= Only in following passage, ‘Here is ginimony likewise
burned and pulverised, to be mingled with the juice of lemons, &c.’,
Westward Ho, i. 1 (Birdlime). Something used as a cosmetic.
=ginniting,= a ‘jenneting’, an early apple. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. See
Dict. (s.v. Jenneting).
=gird,= to strike, smite, pierce; ‘When some sodain stitch girds me in
the side’, Bp. Hall, Medit. i, § 92; Palsgrave; _girt_, pp. smitten,
‘Through girt’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iv. 4. 112; _to gird forward_, to
rush forward, Gosson, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, 58). ME. _gird_, to
strike, pierce (Wars Alex. 1219); to rush (id. 1243); see Glossarial
Index. See NED. (s.v. Gird, vb.^{2}).
=girdle;= ‘Would my girdle may break if I do’, Match at Midnight, i. 1
(Tim); ‘I pray God my girdle break’, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 171. The girdle
was used to keep up the breeches; see _breechgirdle_ in NED. It also
usually had the wearer’s purse hung at it, which would be lost if the
girdle broke.
=girdle-stead,= place for the girdle, i.e. the waist. Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, v. 538; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 2 (Flavia).
=girl,= a roebuck in its second year. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p.
143. ME. _gerle_, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4, back.
=girn,= a ‘grin’, a grim smile. Davenant, The Wits, iv (near the end).
See =gern.=
=girt,= to gird, surround with a girdle. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 171; 2 Hen.
VI, i. 1. 65.
=girt,= _pp._ of =gird,= q.v.
=gist,= pl. _gists_, the stopping-places or stages in a monarch’s
progress; ‘Gists or Gests of the Queen’s Progress, i.e. a Bill or
Writing that contains the Names of the Towns or Houses where she intends
to lie upon the Way’, Phillips, Dict. (ed. 1706). OF. _giste_ (F.
_gîte_), resting- or stopping-place. See =gest.=
=gite,= used by Peele for splendour, magnificence, Tale of Troy (ed.
Dyce, p. 558, col. 1); David and Bathsheba (p. 473, col. 2). Fairfax
uses the word _gite_ for some kind of apparel, ‘Phœbus . . . dond a gite
in deepest purple dide’, tr. of Tasso, xiii. 54. 245. ME. _gyte_, a
shirt or mantle (?) (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3954); OF. _guite_ (Godefroy).
=giusts,= ‘justs’, tournaments. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 39.
=give on,= to advance; ‘And eager flames give on’, Dryden, Annus
Mirabilis, st. 280; ‘The enemy gives on, by fury led’, Dryden, Indian
Emperor, ii. 3; ‘Where he gives on’, Waller, Instructions to a Painter,
213.
=given,= _pp._ with an adverb, affected, disposed, inclined; ‘cardinally
given’, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 81; ‘lewdly given’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 469;
virtuously given’, id., iii. 3. 16; ‘well given’, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 72;
‘cannibally given’, Coriolanus, iv. 5. 200.
=glade:= phr. _to go to glade_, to set; said of the sun. Puttenham, Eng.
Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11, p. 116; ‘The sunne was gone to glade’, Udall, tr.
of Erasmus, Paraphr. on Matt. viii. 18. The phrase is cited as in use in
Ireland; see EDD. (s.v. Glade). ME. ‘þe sonne ȝede to glade’ (Trevisa,
tr. Higden, v. 189). Cp. Norw. dial. _glada_, to go down, to set (of the
sun); see Aasen.
=glaire, glayre,= the white of an egg; any viscid or slimy substance.
Skelton, El. Rummyng, 25. Hence _glaired_, smeared, Marston, Sat. iii.
32. ME. _gleyre_, ‘glarea’ (Prompt. EETS. 193); OF. _glaire_, the white
of an egg (Hatzfeld). See =glere.=
=glaster,= to bawl. Douglas, Aeneis, viii, Prol. 47. ‘To glaister’
occurs in Scottish poetry, meaning to bawl or bark, also, to babble, to
talk indistinctly (EDD.).
=glastynge,= barking like a dog, howling. Morte Arthur, leaf 251. 24;
bk. x, c. 53. For _glatising_, cp. OF. _glatisant_, pres. pt. of
_glatir_, to cry aloud, howl (Ch. Rol. 3527).
=glaver,= to flatter, wheedle. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca);
Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 198. ‘To glaver’ is in prov. use in the north
country down to Shropsh. and Bedfordsh., meaning ‘to flatter, wheedle,
talk endearingly to’, see EDD. (s.v. Glaver, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _glavir_,
chattering (Wars Alex. 5504).
=glaymy,= sticky, slimy. Skelton, Ag. Garnesche, iii. 168. ME. _gleymy_
(Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Gleimy); _gleyme_, ‘gluten’, _gleymows_,
‘limosus’ (Prompt. 192, 193).
=glaze,= to make to shine like glass. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii.
2. Hence, _Glaze-worm_, a glow-worm, Lyly, Euphues, 91. An E. Anglian
word (EDD.). ME. _glasyn_, ‘vitrio’ (Prompt. EETS).
=glaze,= to stare, gaze intently. Jul. Caes. i. 3. 21. Still in use in
Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). Cp. G. dial. (Alsace) _gläse_, ‘stieren,
scharf u. feurig sehen, sauer sehen’ (Martin-Lienhart).
=glaziers,= eyes; a cant term. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor),
Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Toure out [look out] with your glaziers’, Brome,
Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).
=glee:= in phr. _gold and glee_; ‘Not for gold nor glee will I abyde By
you’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32. Perhaps _glee_ in this phr. refers to the
bright colour of gold; see NED.
=gleeke,= a game at cards, played by three persons. B. Jonson, Devil an
Ass, v. 2; a set of three court cards of the same rank in one hand
(NED.); hence, a set of three, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth).
OF. _glic_ (_ghelicque_). Probably adopted fr. Du. _gelyk_, ‘like’
(Sewel); cp. G. _gleich_.
=gleering,= casting sly, cunning glances; ‘That glering Foxe’, Tyndale,
on Matt. vi. 19 (Works, ed. 1572, p. 231); ‘Such a gleering eye’, Return
from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Furor).
=glent,= glowing, bright; ‘Her eyen glent’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 993.
=glent,= a slip, a fall. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1687.
=glere,= the white of an egg; a similar slimy substance; ‘This slimy
glere’, Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 1 and st. 15. See =glaire.=
=glib,= to geld. Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 149; Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1
(2 Soldier). See =lib.=
=glibbery,= slippery, smooth, soft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1
(Crispinus); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Aneleutherus). A
Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Glib, adj. 1 (4)), Du. _glibberig_,
slippery (Sewel).
=glidder,= to cover with a smooth glaze. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1
(Wit). In use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.).
=glimpse, glimse,= to shine faintly, to glimmer. Surrey, The Forsaken
Lover, 5, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 23; to appear faintly, Drayton, Barons’
Wars, bk. v, st. 45; to dawn; P. Fletcher, Purple Island, bk. xii, st.
46. Cp. the Devon expression for twilight, ‘The dimmet or glimpse of the
evening’ (EDD.).
=glint,= slippery; ‘The stones be full glint’, Skelton, Garl. of
Laurell, 572. Cp. Swed. dial. _glinta_, to slip on ice (Rietz).
=gloat, glote,= to look askance, to look furtively. Gascoigne, Complaint
of Philomene (ed. Arber, p. 96); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2
(Chilax); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 150. See NED.
=glode,= _pt. t._, glided. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 23. ME. _glood_,
glided, went quickly (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2094); OE. _glād_, pt. t. of
_glīdan_.
=glomming,= ‘glumming’, sullenness. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1 (end);
‘I glome, I loke under the browes or make a louryng countenance’,
Palsgrave.
=glooming,= gloomy, dark, dismal. Romeo, v. 3. 305.
=glore,= to glow, to shine; ‘The gloring light’, Return from Parnassus,
i. 1 (p. 8). Norw. dial. _glora_, to shine, to sparkle (Aasen); also
Swed. dial. (Rietz).
=glorious,= vainglorious, boastful. Bacon, Essay 34 (near end); Beaumont
and Fl., Thierry, ii. 1 (Thierry). L. _gloriosus_, vainglorious.
=glory,= to glorify, to honour, to adorn, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 16;
‘The troop that gloried Venus at her wedding-day’, Greene and Lodge,
Looking Glasse, i. 1. 108.
=glote;= see =gloat.=
=gnarl,= to snarl. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 192; to grumble, complain,
‘Gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite’, Richard II, i. 3. 292. Cp.
north Lincoln dialect, ‘She’s alust a gnarlin’ at me aboot sumthing’
(EDD.).
=gnarre,= to snarl, growl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34. In prov. use (EDD.).
_Gnarren_ is found in many Low German dialects, see Dähnert and the
Bremen Wtb. (EDD.).
=gnast,= to gnash the teeth. Morte Arthur, leaf 103, back, 16; bk. vi,
c. 15; ‘I gnaste with the tethe’, Palsgrave. ME. _gnastyn_, ‘fremo,
strideo’ (Prompt. EETS. 207, see note, no. 946).
=gnathonical,= resembling Gnatho, a parasite or sycophant in Terence.
Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 317 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1).
=gnoff, gnuff,= a churl, boor, lout; ‘The chubbyshe gnof’, Drant, tr. of
Horace, Sat. i. 1; _gnuffe_, Turbervile, A Mirror of the Fall of Pride,
st. 5. ME. _gnof_, a churl (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3188). Cp. Low G.
_gnuffig_, _knuffig_, rough, coarse, unmannerly (Koolman). So NED.
=go to pot;= see =pot.=
=goawle,= gullet; ‘Their throtes haue puffed goawles’ (riming with
_joawles_, jowls); Golding, Metam. vi. 377 (L. inflataque colla
tumescunt). Norm. F. _goule_ (F. _gueule_), L. _gula_, the gullet.
=gob,= a gobbet, piece, morsel. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79, l. 1. In
prov. use (EDD.).
=go bet,= go quickly, hurry up. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 332. _Go bet_,
lit. go better, i.e. go quicker; hence, used like the modern ‘look
sharp’ or ‘hurry up’. Prob. orig. a hunting cry, as in Chaucer, Leg.
Good Women, Dido, 288. Once common. ME. _bet_, better (Chaucer, Tr. and
Cr. iii. 714), OE. _bet_.
=go by, Jeronimo,= or =go by,= i.e. pass on, wait a little. A very
common quotation, used in ridicule, from Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12.
31. In the original used by Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, to himself. Finding
his application to the king improper at the moment, he says: ‘Hieronimo,
beware! _go by, go by_.’ See Tam. Shrew, Induction, i. 9.
=go less,= to stake less, in a card game. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii.
6; iv. 4; ‘We’ll have no going less’, Little French Lawyer, iii. 2 (La
Writ).
=God before,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Hen. V, i. 2.
370. See =God to fore.=
=god den,= good evening; _God you god den_, God (give) you good e’en,
Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 163; _God dig-you-den_, L. L. L. iv. 1. 42; _God
gi’ god-den_, Romeo, i. 2. 58; _god den_, Yorksh. Tragedy, ii. 120.
Still in use in Scotland and in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Good-den).
=God to fore,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Kyd, Cornelia,
iii. 2. 69. ME. _God to-forn_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1049). See =God
before.=
=god-phere,= a godfather. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Clench). Cp.
the Devon ‘godfer’ (= godfather), see EDD. (s.v. Gatfer).
=gofe,= the quantity of corn or hay laid up in one bay or division of a
barn; a ‘goaf’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 20; ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche
as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye’, Palsgrave. In E.
Anglia _goaf_ (_gofe_, _goff_) is used for the bay of a barn, and for
the corn or hay laid up in the bay, see EDD. (s.v. Goaf, sb.^{1} 1 and
4). ME. _golf_ of corne, ‘archonium’ (Prompt. EETS. 195, see note, no.
893); Icel. _gōlf_, a floor, apartment, cp. Dan. _gulv_, a bay of a
barn. See =gove, gulfe.=
=goggle, gogle,= to roll one’s eyes; ‘He gogled his eyesight’,
Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 459; to stare, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 120.
=gold,= marigold; corn marigold; _golds_, pl., corn marigold,
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 20. 25; _gouldes_, id. § 20. 25; _gooldes_,
Spenser, Colin Clout, 341. ME. _golde_, marigold (Chaucer, C. T. A.
1929; _goolde_, ‘solsequium, elitropium’ (Prompt. EETS. see note, no.
892); _golde_, the sunflower (Gower, C. A. v. 6780). See Napier’s Old
English Glosses, 26. 36 (note). OE. _golde_, ‘solsequia’ (Voc. 301. 6).
=gold-end man,= a man who buys odds and ends of gold and silver. B.
Jonson, ii. 1 (Dol); Eastward Ho, v. 1 (Gertrude).
=goldfinch,= a piece of gold, piece of money. (Cant.) Middleton, Blurt,
Mr. Constable, iv. 1. 9. [Ainsworth, Rookwood, II, ii (EDD.).]
=gold-finder,= a jocular term for a cleanser of cesspools. Middleton,
Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto). Cp. _gold-digger_, a ‘jakesman’, and
_gold-dust_, ordure, Warwickshire words, see EDD. (s.v. Gold, 1 (1 and
2)).
=gold-weights,= small weights, for weighing small portions of gold.
Hence, _to the gold-weights_ (weighed even down to grains, even in small
particulars), B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). See =caract.=
=golilla,= a kind of starched collar. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master,
iv. 1 (Monsieur); see Stanford. Span. _golilla_, ‘a little Band worn in
Spain, starch’d stiff, and sticking out under the Chin like a Ruff’
(Stevens); _gola_, the gullet, L. _gula_.
=golls,= hands. (Cant.) Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Uberto);
Woman-hater, v. 5 (2nd Lady); Tourneur, Revengers’ Tragedy, v. 1
(Vindici). Still in use in Essex (EDD.).
=golpol,= prob. for _gold-poll_ (cp. _goldilocks_); a term of endearment
for a child. Jacob and Esau, v. 10 (Esau).
=gomme,= a god-mother; ‘_Commere_ . . . a gomme’, Cotgrave; ‘A scornful
Gom’, Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Ricardo). ME. _gome_, ‘a godmoder’
(Cath. Angl. 161).
=gong,= ‘latrina’. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, 2nd Song, st. 7; ‘Gonge, a
draught, _ortrait_’, Palsgrave; ‘Gonge, _forica_’, Levins, Manipulus.
ME. _gonge_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 885); OE. _gong_ (_gang_), ‘secessus’
(Ælfric Gl.).
=good cheap,= cheap. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), (ed. Dyce, p. 42);
Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 125. ME. _good chep_(_e_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr.
iii. 641). Cp. F. _à bon marché_. See Dict. (s.v. Cheap).
=good fellow,= a thief. (Cant.) Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (2 Bandit);
Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre, Host).
=good year=(=s,= used as a meaningless expletive in the exclamation,
‘What the good-yere’ (good-year). Merry Wives, i. 4. 129; Much Ado, i.
3. 1; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 64 and 191. Cp. the Northampton expression,
‘What the goodgers be that?’, and the Devon sentence, ‘Our vokes wonder
what the goodgers a come o’ me’, see EDD. Low G. (Pomeranian dialect)
‘_Wat to ’m goden Jaar?_, sagt man, wenn man sich über schlechte
Handlungen wundert’ (Dähnert).
=goom,= a man. Grimald, Prayse of measurekepyng, 17, in Tottel’s Misc.,
p. 109. ME. _gome_, a man (Wars Alex., see Glossarial Index); OE.
_guma_.
=gords;= see =gourdes.=
=gorebelly,= a fat paunch; a man having a fat paunch. North, tr. of
Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 7 (in Shak. Plut., p. 11, n. 4); hence
_gorbellied_, fat, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 93.
=gorreau,= the yoke of draught animals. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246.
1. OF. _goherel_, _gorel_, _gorreau_, a yoke (Godefroy); _gorriau_,
‘collier de cheval’ (Didot); see Ducange (s.v. Gorgia, 2).
=Gospel-tree.= ‘The boundaries of the township of Wolverhampton are in
many points marked out by what are called Gospel-trees, from the custom
of having the Gospel read under or near them by the clergyman attending
the parochial perambulations’, Shaw, Staffordsh., II, i. 165; ‘Dearest
bury me Under that Holy oke or Gospel-tree’, Herrick, Hesperides, To
Anthea. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 109).
=gossampine,= a cotton-like substance, made from the _Bombax
pentandrum_. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1377); p. 135, col. 1;
Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xii, ch. 11. L. _gossympinus_, a cotton-tree
(Pliny).
=gossander,= the ‘goosander’, _Mergus merganser_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 65.
With the suffix _-ander_ cp. _bergander_, an old name for the sheldrake,
and the ON. _önd_, pl. _ander_, a duck (NED.).
=gossip,= a godparent. Two Gent. iii. 1. 269; Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 41. In
prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). See Dict.
=gouland, gowland,= a yellow flower; a name given to various kinds of
_Ranunculus_, _Caltha_, and _Trollius_. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary
(Shepherd, 1. 6). ‘As yalla as a gollan’ is a common Northumberland
expression; see EDD. (s.v. Gowlan(d).
=gourdes,= false dice, for gaming; ‘What false dise vse they? as dise
. . . of a vauntage, flattes, gourdes to chop and change whan they
lyste’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); spelt _gords_, Beaumont and
Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (E. Loveless). OF. _gourd_, ‘fourberie’
(Godefroy).
=gove,= to ‘goave’; to lay up corn in a ‘goaf’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57.
10, 23. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Goave). ME. _golvyn_,
‘arconiso’ (Prompt. EETS. 207). Cp. Dan. _gulve_, to stack in the bay of
a barn. See =gofe.=
=gow,= for _go we_, let us go; ‘Gow, wife, gow’, Three Lords and Three
Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 440; _gaw_, let’s be gone, Triumphs of
Love and Fortune, in the same, vi. 183. ‘Gow’ (‘let us go’) is still
common in the Lakeland, and in E. Anglia as an invitation to accompany
the speaker, see EDD. (s.v. Go, 2 (b)). ME. _gowe_ (P. Plowman, B, Prol.
226).
=gowked,= stupefied. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Keep). Cp.
‘gowk’, the north-country word for the cuckoo; applied _fig._ to a fool,
simpleton, a clumsy, awkward fellow (EDD.). ME. _goke_, ‘cuculus’ (Cath.
Angl.), Icel. _gaukr_, cp. G. _gauch_.
=gowles,= ‘gules’, red. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 286. 17. OF. _goules_
(F. _gueules_). See Dict. (s.v. Gules).
=gowndy,= (of the eyes) full of sore matter. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 34;
_gunny_, Meriton, Praise Ale, 263; Skinner, Etym. ME. _gownde_ off þe
eye, ‘albugo’ (Prompt. EETS. 197, see note, no. 905). OE. _gund_, matter
of a sore.
=gownest,= for _gownist_, one who is entitled to wear a gown, a lawyer.
Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 27, st. 53.
=grabble,= to grope after, to grapple with, to handle roughly. Dryden,
Prol. to Disappointment, 60; ‘He . . . keeps a-grabling and a-fumbling’
(i.e. feeling with his hands), Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 99). In
prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). Du. _grabbelen_, to scramble,
or to catch that catch may (Hexham).
=Gracious Street,= Gracechurch Street. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii.
4 (Hodge); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Y. Chartley); Fair Maid
of the Exchange, i. 1 (Shaks. Soc. 29). Originally _Grass Church_,
‘Higher in Grasse Street is the Parish Church of St. Bennet, called
Grasse Church, of the herb market there kept’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms,
80).
=grail, grayle,= the ‘gradual’, an antiphon sung between the Epistle and
Gospel; when the deacon was ascending the step of the ambo or
reading-desk; ‘He shall syng the grayle’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 441.
ME. _grayle_, ‘gradale’ (Prompt.). OF. _graël_, Eccles. L. _gradale_,
_graduale_. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Gradual).
=grain,= the dye made from the Scarlet Grain (Kermes); ‘The Scarlet
grain which commeth of the Ilex’, Holland, Pliny, i. 461; _to dye in
grain_, to dye in scarlet grain, also, in any fast or permanent colour,
hence, _in grain_, in permanent colour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 108;
Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 255; _grain_, permanent colour, ‘All in a robe of
darkest grain’, Milton, Il Pens. 33. F. _graine_, ‘grain wherewith cloth
is died in grain’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _grana_, ‘bacca cujusdam arboris’
(Ducange).
=grained,= ingrained, dyed in ‘grain’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 90.
=grain,= a bough or branch. Bp. Hall, Sat. Defiance to Envie, 5;
_grains_, the prongs of a forked stick, fork, or fish-spear, ‘With three
graines like an ele speare’, Holland, Suetonius, 147; the lower limbs,
Drayton, Pol. i. 495. ‘Grain’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of
England and Scotland in many senses, esp. a branch or bough of a tree,
and the prong or tine of a fork, see EDD. (s.v. Grain, sb.^{1} 1 and 5).
Icel. _grein_, a branch of a tree, an arm of the sea.
=grained staff,= a staff forked at the top, Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 41. 9.
=graithe,= to prepare, array. Morte Arthur, leaf 86. 34; bk. v, c. 7. In
common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England (EDD.). ME.
_graythe_, to prepare, get ready (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). Icel.
_greiða_.
=grammates,= rudiments, first principles. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 3
(Orgilus). Gk. γράμματα, the letters of the alphabet.
=grandguard,= a piece of plate armour, covering the breast and left
shoulder, affixed to the breastplate by screws, and hooked on to the
helmet. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 72.
=graner,= a ‘garner’, granary. Drayton, Pol. iii. 258.
=grange,= a country-house; a lonely dwelling. Meas. iii. 1. 279;
Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Delavil). In various parts of England
the term ‘grange’ is used for a small mansion or farm-house, esp. one
standing by itself remote from other dwellings (EDD.). See Dict.
†=gratuling,= congratulating; ‘His gratuling speech’, Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). Only in this passage. OF. _gratuler_, L.
_gratulari_, to congratulate.
=Grave,= a Count; a title. Used of Prince Maurice of Nassau; Fletcher,
Love’s Cure, i. 2 (Bobadilla); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2. Du. _Grave_,
an Earle or a Count (Hexham); cp. G. _Graf_.
†=graved.= ‘O, that these gravèd hairs of mine were covered in the
clay!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. Perhaps a
misprint for _grayed_, become grey; see =graye.=
=gravelled,= stranded; hence, brought to a stand, perplexed. As You Like
It, iv. 1. 74; North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut.,
p. 177, n. 1).
=gray,= a badger; _grice of a gray_, lit. pig of a badger, cub of a
badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). Formerly in prov. use in
the north country, and in Wilts., Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v.
Grey, sb.^{1} 6). ME. _grey_, ‘taxus’ (Prompt. 209, see Way’s note).
=graye,= to become grey; ‘In learning Socrates lives, grayes and dyes’
(Sylvester); see NED. (s.v. Grey, vb.).
=grease;= see =greece.=
=greave,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 42; vi. 2. 43; Drayton,
Pol. xiii. 116; ‘Greave or busshe, _boscaige_’, Palsgrave. ‘Greave’
occurs in local names near Sheffield, and appears as a Lancashire word
in EDD. ME. _greve_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1507), OE. _grǣfa_, a bush
(Chron. 852).
=grece,= a flight of stairs or steps; ‘The greece of the quire’, Bacon,
Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 162); _greese_, a single step or stair in a flight,
Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 67); _greise_, Two Noble
Kinsmen, ii. 1. 34; greese (grice), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 138; Timon, iv.
3. 16; Othello, i. 3. 200; ‘_Eschelette_, a small step or greece’,
Cotgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Grees). ME. _grees_, steps, stairs (Wyclif,
Acts xxi. 35). OF. _grés_, pl. of _gré_, ‘marche d’un escalier’ (La
Curne), L. _gradus_, a step. See =gressinges.=
=gredaline;= see =gridelin.=
=gree,= a step or degree in honour or rank. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July,
215; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 175 (Orlando). _To win the gree_, to win
the highest degree, superiority, mastery, victory, Morte Arthur, bk. x,
ch. 21. See EDD. (s.v. Gree, sb.^{1}). ME. _gree_ (Rom. Rose, 2116), OF.
_gré_, ‘degré, rang’ (La Curne).
=gree,= favour, goodwill. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; _in gree_, with
goodwill or favour, kindly, in good part: _to take in gree_, F. Q. v. 6.
21; _to receive in gree_, Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 1 (Manto). Cp. F. _en
gré_, in good part (Cotgr., s.v. Gré), L. _gratum_, a pleasant thing.
=gree,= short for _agree_. Greene, Friar Bungay, ii. 3 (744), scene 6.
130 (W.); p. 162, col. 1 (D.); Daniel, Philotas, p. 195 (Nares); Sh.
Sonn. cxiv.
=greece, herte of,= a hart of grease, a good fat hart, in prime
condition. Morte Arthur, leaf 283, back, 22; bk. x, c. 86. See =hart of
grease.=
=green,= youthful, of tender age; ‘Green virginity’, Timon, iv. 1. 7;
raw, inexperienced, simple, ‘A green girl’, Hamlet, i. 3. 101; ‘green
minds’, Othello, ii. 1. 250; silly, ‘green songs’, Two Noble Kinsmen,
iv. 3. 61.
=green gown;= to give a lass a green gown, to throw her down upon the
grass, so that the gown was stained. Greene, George-a-Greene, ii. 3
(Jenkin); Middleton, Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Chough).
=green lion,= a stage in the process of transmutation of metals. B.
Jonson, ii. 1 (Face).
=Greensleeves, Lady Greensleeves,= the names of a once well-known ballad
and tune. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 64; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 4
(Petruchio). See Roxburgh Ballads, vi. 398.
=greete,= to weep, cry, lament, grieve, Spenser, Sheph. Kal., April, 1;
weeping and complaint, ib., August. In common prov. use in Scotland,
Ireland, and north of England including Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v.
Greet, vb.^{1}). ME. _greten_, to weep (Wars Alex. 4370). OE. _grǣtan_
(Anglian, _grētan_), to weep.
=grement,= ‘agreement’. Mirror for Mag., Cade, st. 1.
=gresco,= an old game at cards. Eastward Ho, iv. 1 [_or_ 2]
(Touchstone); see Nares; ‘Hazard or Gresco’ (Florio, s.v. Massáre).
=gresle,= slender. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 27. OF. _gresle_
(F. _grêle_); L. _gracilis_, slender.
=gressinges,= steps, stairs; ‘There is another way to go doune, by
gressinges’, Latimer, 6 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 170). Cp. EDD.
(s.v. Grissens). See =grece.=
=grewnde,= a greyhound. Golding, Metam. i. 533; fol. 9, back (1603);
Harington, Ariosto, xxiv. 52; _grewhound_, Bellenden, Boece, I. xxxi
(NED.). ME. _gre-hownde_ (Prompt. Harl. MS.). Icel. _greyhundr_, also,
_grey_, a greyhound. See NED. (s.v. Greund).
=grice,= a pig, esp. a young pig; ‘_Marcassin_, a young wild boar . . .
or grice’, Cotgrave; ‘Bring the Head of the Sow to the Tail of the
Grice’ (i.e. balance your Loss with your Gain), Kelly, Scot. Prov. 62.
Also, the young of a badger, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel) (see
=gray=). Still in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME.
_gryse_, pygge, ‘porcellus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 916). Icel.
_grīss_, a young pig; so Norw. dial. _gris_ (Aasen).
=grice;= see =grece.=
=gride,= for _grided_, pp. of _gride_, to pierce. Drayton, Pol. xxii.
1491.
=gridelin,= of a pale purple or violet colour; Dryden seems to say it
was a colour between white and green. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 343.
Spelt _gredaline_, The Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). F. _gridelin_,
for _gris de lin_ (i.e. of the grey colour of flax), see Hatzfeld.
=grill, gryll,= fierce. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 6. ME. _gril_, fierce
(Cursor M. 719); Low G. _grel_(_l_, angry (Koolman).
†=grindle-tail,= a kind of dog. Only in Fletcher, Island Princess, v. 3
(2 Townsman). Perhaps a misprint for _trindle-tail_ (_trundle-tail_).
See NED.
=gripe,= a griffin; ‘Grypes make their nests of gold’, Lyly, Galathea,
ii. 3; a vulture, Lucrece, 543. OF. _grip_, griffin. See =gryphon.=
=gripe’s egg,= a large egg supposed to be that of a ‘gripe’, hence, an
oval-shaped cup. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Cp. ME. _gripes
ey_ (Gower, C. A. i. 2545).
=gripple,= greedy, grasping. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; vi. 4. 6; Drayton,
Pol. i. 106; xiii. 22. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OE. _gripel_.
=gris-amber,= ambergris or grey amber. Milton, P. R. ii. 344. See Dict.
(s.v. Amber).
=grisping,= twilight; either morning or evening. Lyly, Euphues (ed.
Arber, 233). Cp. the phr. _in the gropsing of the evening_, in the dusk,
Records Quarter Sessions (ann. 1606); see EDD.
=grissel, gristle,= a tender or delicate person; ‘She is but a gristle’,
Udall, Roister Doister, i 4. 24; ‘I love no grissels’, Lyly, Endimion,
v. 2 (Sir Tophas). See NED. (s.v. Gristle, 3).
=groin,= the snout; hence, a contemptuous term for the face. Golding,
Metam. xiv. 292 (fol. 170); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 34. ME. _groyn_, a
pig’s snout (Chaucer, C. T. I. 158). O. Prov. _gronh_, ‘groin, museau’
(Levy). See =Groyne.=
=groin,= to growl; ‘Beares that groynd’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27;
_groyning_, murmuring, Turnbull, Expos. James, 202 (NED). ME. _groynen_,
to murmur (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2460). OF. _grogner_, to grunt, L.
_grunnire_.
=groom-porter,= an officer of the royal household (till the time of
George III); he was privileged to provide gaming-tables, cards, and
dice. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Dryden, Prol. to Don
Sebastian, l. 24.
=grought,= growth, increase. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 101; xxiii.
289.
=ground,= the plain-song or melody on which a descant is raised; also,
the ground-bass. Richard III, iii. 7. 49; Edw. III, ii. 1. 122; ‘The
tenor-part, the treble, and the ground’, B. Jonson, Love’s Welcome at
Welbeck, 2 Chorus.
=grout,= coarse porridge, made with whole meal. Warner, Albion’s
England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 28. Icel. _grautr_, porridge.
=grout-head, growthead,= a blockhead, thickhead. Tusser, Husbandry (ed.
1878, 115); ‘Those Turbanto grout-heads’, Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, 39; ‘_Il
a une grosse teste_, he is a verie blockhead, grouthead, joulthead’,
Cotgrave; Urquhart’s Rabelais, I, xxv (Davies). ‘Grout-headed’
(thick-headed) is known in Sussex (EDD.).
=groutnoll,= a blockhead, thickhead, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning
Pestle, ii. 3 (Wife).
=growt,= great. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song). Du.
_groot_, great.
=groyle,= to move, move forward; ‘He groyleth’ (L. _graditur_),
Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 678. Hence, _groyl_, one who is ever on
the move, id., iv 179. F. _grouiller_, ‘to move, stir’ (Cotgr.).
=Groyne, the,= name given by sailors to Corunna, the sea-port in Spain.
De Foe, Rob. Crusoe, I. xix. The name appears in the 14th cent.,
‘Vocatur _Le Groyne_; est in mare ut rostrum porci’, Pol. Poems (Rolls
Ser. i. 112). See =groin.=
=grubble,= to grope, feel; ‘Now, let me roll and grubble thee’ (spoken
of a lot which he has taken in his hand, before drawing it out), Dryden,
Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Antonio).
=grudgins,= coarse meal; ‘_Annone_, meslin or grudgins, the corne
whereof browne bread is made for the meynie’, Cotgrave; Fletcher and
Rowley, Maid of Mill, iii. 3. 17. Formerly in prov. use in the Midlands
(EDD.). Cp. F. _grugeons_, lumps of crystalline sugar in brown sugar; in
Cotgrave ‘the smallest fruit on a tree’. See =gurgeons.=
=grum,= surly, cross, ‘glum’. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Old
Bellair); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1 (Novel). In prov. use in many
parts of England, also in America (Franklin’s Autobiography, 51), see
Century Dict. and EDD. Norw. dial. _grum_, proud, haughty (Aasen), Dan.
_grum_, fierce, angry.
†=grumbledory,= a grumbler, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4
(Carlo).
=grunter,= a pig. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). In common prov. use
in the north country (EDD.).
=grunting-cheat,= a pig; lit. ‘a thing that grunts’; from _cheat_, a
cant word used in the general sense of ‘thing’. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush,
v. 1 (Ferret); Harman, Caveat, p. 83; also _gruntling-cheat_, Middleton,
Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =cheat.=
=grutch,= to ‘grudge’, repine, murmur. Udall, Paraph. Erasmus, fo.
cccxlv; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 34; ‘I grutche, I repyne agaynst a thyng,
_Je grommelle_’, Palsgrave. A Lancashire and E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME.
_grucche_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3863). OF. (Picard) _groucher_ (OF.
_grocer_), ‘murmurer’ (La Curne). See Moisy (s.v. Groucher).
=gryphon,= a fabulous monster, a kind of lion with an eagle’s head; a
griffin. Milton, P. L. ii. 943; spelt _gryfon_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 8.
F. ‘_griffon_, a gripe or griffon’ (Cotgr.).
=G-sol-re-ut,= in old music, the octave of the lower G or lowest note in
the old scale. It was denoted by the letter G, and sung to the syllable
_sol_ when it occurred in the second hexachord, which began with C; to
the syllable _re_ in the third hexachord, which began with F; and to the
syllable _ut_ when it began the fourth hexachord. Peacham, Comp.
Gentleman, c. 11, p. 104.
=guard,= an ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Much Ado, i. 1.
289. ‘The orig. meaning may have been that of a binding to keep the edge
of the cloth from fraying’, NED.
=guarish,= to cure, heal. Spenser. F. Q. iii. 5. 41; iv. 3. 29. OF.
_guarir_, _garir_ (Gower, Mirour, 2278). O. Prov. _garir_, ‘guérir,
préserver, sauver’ (Levy).
=gubbe,= a lump, quantity; ‘Some good gubbe of money’, Udall, tr. of
Apoph., Socrates, § 31; _gubs_, pl., ‘gubs of blood’, Phaer, tr. of
Aeneid, iii. 632 (Lat. _saniem_).
=gudgeon,= a small fish, often used as bait for a larger one; phr. _to
swallow_ _a gudgeon_, to be caught, to be befooled, alluded to in
Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv (Mugeron). See EDD.
=gue,= a rogue; also, a term of endearment. Given by Nares and NED. as
used by Richard Brathwaite in his _Honest Ghost_, in two passages,
first, of a sharper who had taken a purse, secondly, as a term of
familiar endearment, ‘I was her ingle, gue, her sparrow bill’, p. 139.
The word occurs in some copies of Webster, White Devil: ‘Pretious gue’,
iii. 3. 99 (Lodovico); ed. Dyce, p. 26. Nares supposes it to be the same
word as F. _gueux_, a beggar, a rogue, which conjecture NED. accepts.
=guerie, guierie,= sudden passion; ‘Euery sodain guerie or pangue’,
Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 6; ‘This pangue or guierie of loue’,
id., Diogenes, § 112. Only occurs in Udall. See =gere= (2) and =gery.=
=guerison,= cure, healing. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 453, l. 13; i.
466. F. _guérison_; OF. _guarison_, _garison_ (Bartsch), Anglo-F.
_gariscun_ (Gower, Mirour, 420). See =guarish.=
=guess;= see =gesse.=
=guidon,= a flag or pennant, broad near the staff and forked or pointed
at the other end. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 251; Barons’ Wars, bk. ii, st.
24. F. _guidon_, ‘a standard, ensign, or banner under which a troop of
men at arms do serve; also he that bears it’ (Cotgr.); _guydon_
(Rabelais). O. Prov. _guidon_, _guizon_, étendard (Levy); Ital.
‘_guidóne_, a guidon, a banner or cornet’ (Florio).
=guie, guy,= to guide, lead; also _gye_, Palsgrave; ‘He guies’, Fairfax,
tr. of Tasso, i. 49; _guide_ (for _guyed_), pt. t., id., i. 63. ME.
_gye_, to guide (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1950); Anglo-F. _guïer_ (Ch. Rol.).
=guisarme,= a kind of battle-axe or halberd. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf
202, back, 23, 29. Norm. F. _guisarme_, ‘sorte d’arme, hache ou
demi-pique’ (Didot). See NED. (s.v. Gisarme).
=guitonen,= a lazy beggar. Middleton, Game at Chess, i. 1 (B. Knight).
Span. _guiton_, ‘a lazy Beggar, that goes about in the Habit of a
Pilgrim, only to live idle’ (Stevens).
=guives,= fetters, ‘gyves’. Lord Cromwell, ii. 2. 3. Anglo-F. _guives_,
_gyves_ (French Chron., London, ed. Camden, 89).
=gulch,= to swallow or devour greedily; ‘_Ingorgare_, to engurgle, . . .
to gulch’ (Florio); _gulch_, a glutton or drunkard, B. Jonson,
Poetaster, iii. 4; Brewer, Lingua, v. 16; ‘Engorgeur, a glutton, gulch’,
Cotgrave. The verb ‘to gulch’ is in prov. use in various parts of
England from Yorkshire to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. _gulchen_ (Ancren Riwle,
240).
=gule,= to redden, to dye red. Heywood, Iron Age, Pt. II, vol. iii, p.
357. See Dict. (s.v. Gules).
=gulfe,= a ‘goaf’, a quantity of hay or corn laid up in a barn. Golding,
Metam. vi. 456 (ed. 1603, fol. 73); ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may
lye bytwene two postes, otherwise a baye’, Palsgrave. See =gofe.=
=gull,= to swallow, guzzle; ‘I gulle in drinke, as great drinkers do,
_je engoule_’, Palsgrave; Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 19; Chapman,
tr. of Iliad, xxi. 132. Du. _gullen_, ‘to swallow or devoure’ (Hexham).
=gull,= a breach made by the force of a torrent, a fissure, chasm.
Golding, Metam. ix. 106; to sweep away by force of running water, ‘And
hilles by force of gulling oft have into sea been worne’, id., xv. 267.
An E. Anglian word (EDD.).
=gummed;= see =fret.=
=gundolet,= for _gondolet_, a small gondola. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I,
iii. 2 (Piero). It occurs twice in this scene.
=gunny;= see =gowndy.=
=gun-hole groat,= some kind of groat or coin, that seems to have been
prized. The meaning of the epithet is unknown. ‘For gunne-hole grotes
the countrie clowne doth care’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 27;
Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 66.
=gunstone,= a stone used for the shot of a cannon or gun. Tusser,
Husbandry, § 10. 19; Hen. V, i. 2. 282; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5. 2.
=gup, guep,= an exclamation of impatience; get along!; ‘Gup! morell,
gup!’, Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). See =marry gip.=
=gurgeons,= coarse refuse from flour; ‘The bran usuallie called gurgeons
or pollard’, Harrison, Descr. England, ii. 6 (ed. Furnivall, 154);
‘Gurgions of meal, _cibarium secundarium_’, Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov.
use in the S. Midlands and south-west counties (EDD.). See =grudgins.=
=gutter,= of a stag’s horn; see =antlier.=
=Guttide,= Shrovetide, also, Shrove Tuesday. Middleton, Family of Love,
iv. 1 (Mis. P.). ‘Guttit’ is in common prov. use in Cheshire for
Shrovetide; _goodit_ in Staffordshire. Orig. _good tide_, see EDD. (s.v.
Gooddit).
=guzzle,= a gutter, drain; ‘a narow ditch’, Marston, Scourge of
Villainy, Sat. vii. 39; ‘A filthy stinking guzzle or ditch’, Whately,
Bride Bush, 114 (Cent. Dict.). In prov. use in the Midlands, also in
Sussex and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Guzzle, sb.^{1} 1).
=gymnosophist,= one of a sect of Hindu philosophers of ascetic habits.
B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles (Merefool); Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5
(Borachia); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 196. Gk. Γυμνοσοφισταί, the naked
philosophers of India (Aristotle).
H
=ha and ree,= words of command to a horse to direct it. Heywood, 1 Edw.
IV (Hobs) (vol. i. 44); _hey and ree_, Micro-Cynicon, Halliwell (s.v.
Ree). In prov. use, ree is an exclamation made by the carter to bid the
leading horse of a team to turn or bear to the right, see EDD. (s.v.
Rec, int., also, Hay-ree). In the north country the carters use the
phrase _neither heck nor ree_, neither left nor right: ‘He’ll neither
heck nor ree’, i.e. he’ll not obey the word of command, he’s quite
unmanageable, see EDD. (s.v. Heck, int.). See =hay-ree= and =hayte and
ree,= also =gee and ree.=
=hab,= to have; _nab_, not to have; hence, phr. _by habs and by nabs_,
at random; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 2 (Soto). In Somerset and Devon
_hab or nab_, by hook or by crook: ‘I’ll ab’m—hab or nab’, I’ll have
them anyhow (EDD.). See =hab-nab.=
=haberdash,= small wares. Spelt _haburdashe_, Skelton, Magnyfycence,
1295. ‘Ther haberdashe, Ther pylde pedlarye’, Papist. Exhort. (Nares).
Still in use in Aberdeen (EDD.). Anglo-F. _hapertas_, the name of a
fabric (Rough List). See Dict. (s.v. Haberdasher).
=habiliment,= outfit, accoutrement, attire. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 30;
Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). See =abiliments.=
=habilitate,= legally qualified. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 15).
Med. Lat. _habilitare_, ‘idoneum, habilem reddere; informare,
instituere’ (Ducange).
=habilitation,= endowment with ability or fitness; qualification,
training. Bacon, Essay 29, § 8.
=habilitie,= ability. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 2.
=hable, habile,= ‘able’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 19. See Dict. (s.v.
Able).
=hab-nab,= have or not have, hit or miss; a phrase signifying the taking
one’s chance; ‘Hab-nab’s good’, I take my chance, Ford, Lady’s Trial,
ii. 1 (Fulgoso); at random, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 990. See EDD. (s.v.
Hab, adv., 1). See =hab.=
=hache,= axe, hatchet. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2. F.
_hache_, an axe, O. Prov. _apcha_ (Levy); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG.
_heppa_ (for *_happi̯a_), a sickle; see Schade (s.v. Happâ).
=hackle,= to hack about, to mangle. _Hackled_, pp.; North, tr. of
Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 44 (in Shak. Plut., p. 101, n. 1).
=hackster, haxter,= a hacker, one who hacks; hence, a cut-throat, bravo,
bully. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Monsieur); Hall, Satires, iv. 4.
60; _haxter_, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Messenger).
=hacqueton;= see =haqueton.=
=had I wist,= if I had but known. A common exclamation of one who
repents too late. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 893; London Prodigal,
iii. 1. 49; Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Nicholas). ME. _hadde I wist_: ‘Upon
his fortune and his grace Comth “Hadde I wist” ful ofte a place’, Gower
(C. A. i. 1888).
=hade,= a strip of land left unploughed as a boundary line and means of
access between two ploughed portions of a field. Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
§ 6; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 222 and 400. In Corpus Coll., Oxford, there is
a Map (date 1615) in which there is a description of certain arable
lands having ‘hades’ of meadow and grass ground lying in the south field
of Eynsham. See EDD. (s.v. Hade, sb.^{1}).
=hæmeræ,= for =hemeræ,= pl., ephemera, ephemeral flies, day-flies.
Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1482); scene 10. 124 (W.); p. 171, col. 2
(D.). For _ephemera_, Med. L. _ephemera_, Gk. ἐφήμερα, neut. pl. of
ἐφήμερος, lasting or living but a day.
=hæmony.= Name given by Milton to an imaginary plant having supernatural
virtues. Milton, Comus, 638. Gk. αἱμώνιος, blood-red (probably with a
theological allusion).
=haft,= to use shifts, haggle. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1698; to cheat,
id., Bowge of Courte, 521; hence _hafter_, a cheat, thief; id., Bowge of
Courte, 138. Cp. Yorkshire word ‘heft’ in the sense of deceit,
dissimulation, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{3}).
=hafter,= a wrangler; ‘_Vitilitigator_, an hafter, a wrangler, a
quarreller’, Gouldman, Dict., 1678; so Baret, 1580.
=hag,= to trouble as the nightmare. Drayton, Heroic Ep. (Wks. ed. 1748,
p. 108); spelt _haggue_, to vex, worry. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, §
95.
=haggard,= a wild female hawk, caught when in her adult plumage. Much
Ado, iii. 1. 36; wild, intractable, inexperienced, B. Jonson, Magn.
Lady, iii. 3 (Compass); Othello, iii. 3. 260; ‘I teach my haggard and
unreclaimed Reason to stoop unto the lure of Faith’, Sir T. Browne, Rel.
Med. (ed. Greenhill, 19). F. _hagard_, ‘hagard, wild, unsociable’
(Cotgr.).
=hailse,= to salute, greet; ‘I haylse or greete’, Palsgrave; ‘Wee hadde
haylsed eche other’, Robinson, tr. of Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 30). Icel.
_heilsa_, to salute.
=haine, hayne,= a miser, a penurious person, a mean wretch. Skelton,
Bowge of Courte, 327; Udall, tr. Apoph., Aristippus, § 22, Diogenes, §
106; Levins, Manipulus, 200; hence, _haynyarde_, a mean wretch, Skelton,
Magnyfycence, 1748. ME. _heyne_, a wretch (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1319).
=hair:= in phr. _against the hair_, against the grain, contrary to
nature. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (end); Mayor of
Queenborough, iii. 2 (1 Lady); Merry Wives, ii. 3. 42.
=hala;= see =heloe.=
=hale, hall,= a place roofed over, a pavilion, tent, booth; ‘Hall, a
long tent in a felde, _tente_’, Palsgrave; ‘He would set up his hals and
tentes’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 5 (in Shak. Plut., p.
161, n. 8). ME. _hale_, ‘papilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 211, see note, no.
961). OF. _hale_ (F. _halle_), a covered market-place.
=hale and ho,= pull and cry ho!, a cry of sailors at work. Morte Arthur,
leaf 118, back, 13; bk. vii, c. 15. ME. _halyn_ or drawyn, ‘traho’
(Prompt. EETS. 230).
=half-acre,= a small piece of ground, without reference to the exact
size of the field; ‘Tom Tankard’s cow . . . flinging about his
halfe-aker’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (see note on P. Plowman, C.
ix. 2, p. 156). At Yarnton, near Oxford, a ‘half-acre’, pronounced
_habaker_, is a term employed for half a lot of an allotment, see EDD.
(s.v. Half, 6 (1)).
=halfendeale,= half, half-part. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 53. A Somerset
word (EDD.). ME. _halvendel_, the half part of a thing (Chaucer, Tr. and
Cr. v. 335). OE. _healfan dǣl_, the half ‘deal’ or part.
=half-pace;= see =halpace.=
=halidom:= orig. the holy relics upon which oaths were sworn; the
ancient formula being ‘as helpe me God and halidome’; altered later to
‘by my halidome’, which was subsequently used by itself as a weak
asseveration. Taming Shrew, v. 2. 100; Hen. VIII, v. 1. 117. In old
edds. of Shaks. we find _holydam_(_e_ due to association with _dame_,
the phrase being popularly taken as equivalent to ‘By our Lady’; see
NED. OE. _hāligdōm_, holiness, a holy place, a holy relic.
=Hallowmas,= the feast of All Hallows, or All Saints, Nov. 1. Spelt
_Hallomas_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 1 (_Hallontide_, id., § 21. 1);
Meas. for Meas. ii. 1. 128; Richard II, v. 1. 80. In prov. use in
Scotland; also in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Hallow (7)).
=halpace,= a high step or raised floor. Hall, Chron. (ed. 1809, p. 606);
‘On the altar an halpas . . . and on the halpas stood twelve images’,
Holinshed, Chron. iii. 857; also, through popular etymology _half-pace_,
the uppermost step before the choir of a church, Bacon, Henry VII (ed.
Lumby, 98). F. (16th cent.) _hault pas_ (_haut pas_), high step.
=halse, haulse,= to embrace. Pt. t. _haulst_, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 49;
‘I halse one, I take hym aboute the necke, _je accolle_’, Palsgrave. See
EDD. (s.v. Halse, vb. 9). ME. _halsyn_, ‘amplector’ (Prompt.), deriv. of
_hals_, the neck, OE. _heals_ (_hals_). See =hause.=
=haltersack,= a gallows-bird, rascal. Beaumont and Fl., King and No
King, ii. 2 (1 Cit. Wife); Knt. of B. Pestle, i. 3 (Citizen). Gascoigne,
Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio). See Nares.
=hame,= a haulm, stalk; straw. Golding, Metam. i. 492; fol. 9 (1603);
also _hawme_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 15. In gen. prov. use in numerous
forms, see EDD. (s.v. Haulm). ME. _halme_, or stobyl, ‘stipula’ (Prompt.
EETS. 212). OE. _healm_ (Anglian _halm_).
=hamper up,= to fasten up, make fast. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 3 (750);
scene 6. 136 (W.); p. 162, col. 2 (D.).
=han,= _pres. pl._ have. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. This plural form
is still in prov. use from Yorkshire to Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v.
Have). ME. _han_: ‘Thei han Moyses and the prophetis’ (Wyclif, Luke xvi.
29); _hafen_ (Lamb. Hom. 59). OE. _habben_ (_hæbben_), pres. pl. subj.
(Wright, OE. Gram., § 538).
=hand:= phr. _to hand with_, to go hand in hand with, to concur; ‘Let
but my power and means hand with my will’, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1
(Grimaldi).
=hand over head,= inconsiderately, recklessly, hastily,
indiscriminately; ‘They ran in amongst them hand over head’, North, tr.
of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 28 (in Shak. Plut., p. 141, n. 3); cp. Warner,
Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 51, st. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v.
Hand, 2 (8)).
=hands:= phr. _to shake hands with_, to bid farewell to, to say good-bye
to; ‘I have shaken hands with delight’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed.
Greenhill, 66); ‘To shake hands with labour for ever’, Harrison in
Holinshed (ed. 1807, i. 314). [Cp. Charles Lamb in Elia, Early Rising,
‘He has shaken hands with the world’s business, has done with it.’]
=handsel, hansel,= a gift or present, as an omen of good luck or an
expression of good wishes. Dunbar, New Year’s Gift, iii. As _vb._, to
use for the first time, ‘My lady . . . is so ravished with desire to
hansel her new coach’, Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (Touchstone). The verb ‘to
hansel’, meaning ‘to use a thing for the first time’ is very common in
prov. use in Scotland, and in various parts of England fr.
Northumberland to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Handsel, vb. 12).
=handwolf,= a tame wolf, wolf brought up by hand. Beaumont and Fl.,
Maid’s Tragedy, iv. 1 (Amintor).
=handydandy,= a children’s game, in which one child conceals something
between the hands, and the other guesses in which hand it is. ‘Handy
dandy, prickly prandy, which hand will you have?’ Chapman, Blind Beggar,
p. 6. See EDD. (s.v. Handy).
=hane,= a ‘_khan_’, an Eastern inn (unfurnished); a caravanserai;
‘_Hanes_ to entertain travellers’; Howell, Foreign Travell, Appendix, p.
84; ‘_Hanes_ for the relief of Travellers’, Sandys, Travels, p. 57
(Nares). See =cane.=
=hang-by,= a hanger-on, a dependant. Gosson, School of Abuse, ed. Arber,
p. 40; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 2 (Orleans). In prov.
use in W. Yorks.; see EDD. (s.v. Hang, vb. 1 (5)).
=hanger,= a loop or strap or a sword-belt from which the sword was hung.
Hamlet, i. 2. 157; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew).
=hank,= a hold, a power of check or restraint; ‘I have a hank upon you’,
Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). In prov. use in various parts
of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hank, sb.^{1} 7).
=Hans-in-kelder,= a familiar term for an unborn infant. Dryden, Wild
Gallant, v. 2; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 6 (Sir Simon); Marvell, The
Character of Holland, 66. See Stanford. Dutch _Hans in Kelder_, lit.
‘Jack in Cellar’, an unborn child; cp. the Swabian toast _Hänschen im
Keller soll leben_, ‘dies sagt man bei dem Gesundheit-trinken auf eine
schwangere Frau’ (Birlinger); Bremen dial. _Hänsken im Keller_ (Wtb.).
=happily,= perhaps, possibly. Titus Andron. iv. 3. 8; Hamlet, i. 1. 134;
ii. 2. 402.
=haqueton, hacqueton,= a stuffed jacket worn under armour. Spenser, F.
Q. ii. 8. 38. ME. _aketoun_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2050); OF. _auqueton_,
_alquetun_, O. Prov. _alcoton_, ‘hoqueton, casaque rembourrée,
originairement en coton’ (Levy); Span. _algodon_, Port. _algodão_,
cotton, Arab, _al-qotun_, see Dozy, Glossaire, 127.
=haras, harres,= a stud of horses; troop, collection. Skelton, Against
Garnesche, ed. Dyce, i. 128; l. 77. OF. _haras_, a stud of horses
(Hatzfeld); Med. L. _haracium_, ‘armentum equorum et jumentorum’
(Ducange). Arab. _faras_, horse; cp. O. Span. _alfaras_, ‘cavallo
generoso’; see Dozy, 108.
=harass,= harassment, devastation. Milton, Samson, 257.
=harborough,= ‘harbour’, shelter. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19; Tanered
and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 85. See
=herberow.=
=harborowe,= to lodge; to track a stag to his harbour or covert. A
hunting term. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 6; _harbord_, pp.
lodged, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311, l. 6. See Dict.
(s.v. Harbour).
=hardel,= a hurdle; ‘Hardels made of stickes’, Golding, Metam. i. 122;
fol. 2, bk. (1603); a kind of frame or sledge on which traitors used to
be drawn through the streets to execution, ‘Upon an hardle or sled’,
Harrison, Desc. England, ii. 11 (ed. Furnivall, 222).
=hardocks,= some kind of wild flowers. In King Lear, iv. 4. 4 (ed.
1623), Lear is ‘Crown’d . . . with Hardokes, Hemlocke, Nettles, Cuckoo
flowres, Darnell, and all the idle weedes that grow In our sustaining
Corne.’ As _Hardokes_ are not known, I suggest that the right word is
_Hawdods_; indeed, the quartos have _hordocks_. The _hawdod_ (described
by Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 1534) is the beautiful blue cornflower, the
most showy and attractive of all the flowers that grow in the corn; see
EDD. The prefix _haw_ means ‘blue’, see NED.; from OE. _hǣwe_, blue.
=hare:= phr. _there goeth the hare_, ‘That’s the direction in which the
hare goes, that is the way to follow up’, New Custom, ii. 3 (Perverse
Doctrine); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 39; ‘_Hic labor, hoc opus est_,
there goeth the hare away’, Stubbes, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 70).
=hare,= to frighten, scare. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Dame
Turfe). In prov. use in Oxfordshire and the south country, see EDD.
(s.v. Hare, vb.).
†=harlock,= an unknown flower; perhaps for _hawdod_, the blue
cornflower. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 34.
_Harlocks_ is a conjectural emendation for _hardokes_ in King Lear, iv.
4. 4. See =hardocks.=
=harlot,= a vagabond, rascal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 74. 4; Coriol. iii.
2. 112. ME. _harlot_, a person of low birth, a ribald, rogue, rascal
(Chaucer), see Dict. M. and S.; OF. _herlot_, _arlot_, ribaud
(Godefroy); O. Prov. _arlot_, ‘gueux, ribaud’ (Levy). See Dict.
=harman-beck,= a constable. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3
(Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =hartmans.=
=harness,= the defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms; the defensive
equipment of a horseman. Macbeth, v. 5. 52; BIBLE, 1 Kings xx. 11; xxii.
34; ‘I can remember that I buckled his [the King’s] harness when he went
into Blackheath field’, Latimer, Sermon, p. 101; see Bible Word-Book.
ME. _harneys_, armour (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1006). See Dict.
=harnest,= harnessed, armed. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70.
=harpè,= a falchion, scimitar. Heywood, Silver Age, A. i (Perseus); vol.
iii, p. 92. From Ovid, Met. v. 69, 176. L. _harpē_; Gk. ἅρπη, a sickle,
a scimitar.
=harper, harp-shilling,= a coin having on the reverse an Irish harp, and
worth only 9_d._ in English money; ‘Your shilling proved but a harper’,
Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Cripple), vol. i, p. 26; ‘A plain
harp-shilling’, Greene, King James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). And see Webster,
Sir T. Wyatt, ed. Dyce, p. 197, col. 1 (bottom).
=harre,= a hinge, of a door or gate; ‘Chardonnerau, a harre of a doore’,
Cotgrave; _out of harre_, off its hinge, out of joint, Skelton.
Magnyfycence, 921. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v.
Harr, 3). ME. _Harre_ of a dore, ‘carde’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. _heorr_.
=harres;= see =haras.=
=Harrington,= a farthing; as coined by Harrington (1613); ‘I will not
bate a Harrington of the sum’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer).
See Nares.
=harriot,= a heriot; a payment to the lord of a manor, due on the death
of a tenant. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); ‘A heriot or
homage’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, letter 38, § 2 (1621). OE.
_heregeatwe_, lit. military equipments. See Dict. (s.v. Heriot).
†=harrolize,= to ‘heraldise’, act as a herald, emblazon arms; ‘He
harrolized well’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 35, st. 4.
=harrot,= a ‘herald’. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1
(Sogliardo); Case is altered, iv. 4 (near the end). OF. _heraut_,
_herault_. See NED.
=harrow,= _interj._, a cry of distress. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 43. ME. ‘I
wol crye out harrow and alas’, Chaucer (C. T. A. 3286); Norm. F.
_harou_, ‘Le cri ou la clameur de _haro_ ou de _harou_ était un appel
public à la justice et à la protection’ (Moisy); see Didot.
=harrow,= to subdue, despoil. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 40. Used with
reference to Christ’s ‘Harrowing of Hell’, or despoiling it by the
rescue thence of the patriarchs, &c., as described in the pseudo-gospel
of Nicodemus. See the passage from Legenda Aurea, cap. liv, quoted in
Notes to P. Plowman, C. xxi. 261 (pp. 410, 411).
=Harry-groat,= a groat of Henry VIII. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady,
i. 2 (Young Loveless); Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); Mayne, City
Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia).
=hart of grece,= a fat hart; ‘Eche of them slewe a harte of grece’, Adam
Bell, 105 (Child’s Ballads, p. 251); Ballad of Robin Hood and the Curtal
Fryar (Child’s Ballads, p. 299). See Nares (s.v. Greece).
=hart-of-ten,= a hart having as many as ten points on each horn, and
therefore full-grown; ‘The total number of points, counting all the
tines, is ten’, Cent. Dict. (s.v. Antler); ‘Whan an hart hath fourched,
and then auntlere ryall and surryall, and forched on the one syde, and
troched on that other syde, than is he an hert of .X. and the more’,
Venery de Twety, in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 151; ‘An Hart of tenne’,
Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311.
=hartmans, harmans,= the stocks. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Song); ‘The harmans, the stockes’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See
=harman-beck.=
=haskard,= a base, vulgar fellow. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 606; id.,
Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, 24. See NED.
=haske,= a rush or wicker basket. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16
(explained as ‘a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish’);
‘_Cavagna_, a fishers basket, or haske’, Florio. See NED. (s.v. Hask).
=hatch,= a half-door, wicket with an open space above; ‘Ore [o’er] the
hatch’, King John, i. 1. 171; ‘Take the hatch’ (jump over it), King
Lear, iii. 6. 76; ‘As hound at hatch’ (i.e. like a dog set to watch the
door’), Turbervile, The Lover to Cupid, st. 12 from end.
=hatched,= inlaid, or ornamented on the surface with gold or silver
work; ‘My sword well hatch’d’, Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 2 (Junius); iii.
5; ‘hatched hilts’, Valentinian, ii. 2. 7; deeply marked, Beaumont and
Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Antigonus); Custom of the Country, v. 5
(Guiomar); marked with lines like a thing engraved, marked with lines of
white hair, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 65; ‘hatched in silver’, Shirley, Love in
a Maze, ii. 2 (Simple).
=hatchel,= to comb flax or hemp with a ‘hatchel’. Heywood, Rape of
Lucrece, ii. 3 (Song); ‘_Serancer_, to hatchel flax, &c., to comb, or
dress it on an iron comb’, Cotgrave. A Cheshire word (EDD.).
=hate,= for _ha’ it_, have it. Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 141. Spelt _ha
’t_, riming with _gate_; Parliament of Bees, character 3.
=hatter,= to bruise, batter; _hatter out_, to wear out, exhaust with
fatigue. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 371. In prov. use in Scotland and
various parts of England (EDD.).
=haught,= lofty, haughty. Richard III, ii. 3. 28; Marlowe, Edw. II, iii.
2 (Baldock); _haulte_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 2, § 1; ch.
5, § 2; _haut_, high-sounding, ‘The haut Castilian tongue’, Middleton,
Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Pedro). OF. _haut_, _halt_, high.
=haulse;= see =halse.=
=haulte;= see =haught.=
=haunt,= to practise habitually. Tusser, Husbandry, § 67 (ed. 1878, p.
155). In ME. ‘to haunt’, reflex., was used in the sense of ‘to accustom’
or ‘exercise oneself’, ‘Haunte thi silf to pitee’ (Wyclif, 1 Tim. iv.
7). Norm. F. _hanter_, ‘aller habituellement en un lieu’ (Moisy). Icel.
_heimta_, to bring home the sheep in autumn from the summer pastures;
see Icel. Dict. (s.v. ii. 3). Cp. the use of the verb ‘to haunt’ in the
New Forest, to accustom cattle to repair to a certain spot, see EDD.
(s.v. Haunt, 4).
=hause,= to embrace; ‘I will say nothing of hausing and kissing’,
Bernard, tr. of Terence, Heauton, v. 1 (NED.). A north-country
pronunciation; see EDD. (s.v. Halse, 9). See =halse.=
†=hauster,= gullet (?); ‘Crack in thy throat and hauster too’, Grim the
Collier, iv. 1 (Grim).
=haut;= see =haught.=
=hauzen,= to embrace. Peele, Hon. Order of the Garter, l. 5, ed. Dyce,
p. 585. See =hause.=
=havell,= a low fellow; a term of reproach. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to
Courte, 94, 604. Also spelt _hawvel_ (NED.). Origin of the word unknown.
=having,= possession, property. Merry Wives, iii. 2. 73; Twelfth Nt.
iii. 4. 379. _Havings_, pl. wealth; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii.
4 (Asotus). ‘Havings’, possessions, still in use in Yorks. (EDD.).
=haviour,= possession, wealth; _havoir_, Holland, Livy, xxiii. 41;
_havour_, Warner, Albion’s England, xvi. 164; ‘_Havoire_, possession.’
ME. _havure_, or havynge of catel or oþer goodys, ‘averium’ (Prompt.).
Anglo-F. _aveir_, property (Moisy); _avoir_, property, goods (Gower).
=haviour,= ‘behaviour’; ‘Her heavenly haveour’, Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
April, 66; Merry Wives, i. 3. 86; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 226. See Dict.
(s.v. Behaviour).
=havok:= phr. _to cry havok_, to give the signal for the pillage of a
captured town; ‘They . . . did do crye hauok upon all the tresours of
Troyes’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 175. 7; Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 273.
Anglo-F. _crier havok_ (A.D. 1385), OF. _crier havo_ (A.D. 1150), see
NED. (s.v. Havoc).
=hawdod,= the corn bluebottle, _Centaurea cyanus_. Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 20. 28; _haudoddes_, pl., id., § 20. 4. Cp. OE. _hǣwe_,
blue (in Erfurt Gl. _hāwi_), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 596. See =hardocks.=
=hawker,= to act as a hawker, to haggle. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 620.
=hay:= phr. _to carry hay on one’s horn_, to be mad or dangerous; from
an ox apt to gore whose horns were bound about with hay; cp. Horace,
Sat. i. 4. Herrick, Hesper. Oberon’s Pal., 176.
=hay, hey,= a hedge. Thersites, ed. Pollard, 1. 155; ‘A hay (implieth) a
dead fence that may be made one yeere and pulled downe another’, Norden,
Survey in Harrison’s England (NED.). In E. Anglia a ‘hey’ is the term
used for a clipped quickset hedge. ME. _hay_, a hedge (Chaucer, Rom.
Rose, 54). OE. _hege_, ‘sepes’ (Ælfric); cp. OF. _haie_, hedge (Rom.
Rose, 50).
=hay, hey,= a country-dance, of the nature of a reel; ‘The antic hay’,
Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1 (Gaveston); Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Henry);
‘Rounds and winding Heyes’, Davies, Orchestra, lxiv (Arber, Garner, v.
39).
=hay,= _interj._, a term in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7
(Bobadil); a home-thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27. Ital. _hai_, thou hast
(Florio); cp. L. _habet_; exclaimed when a gladiator was wounded.
=hay-de-guy= (=-guise=)=,= a kind of ‘hay’ or dance. _Heydeguyes_, pl.,
Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 27; ‘We nightly dance our hey-day-guise’,
Robin Goodfellow, 102, in Percy’s Reliques (ed. 1887, iii. 204). In
Somerset and Dorset the word is used for merriment, high spirits, rough
play, see EDD. (s.v. Haydigees).
=haye,= a net for catching rabbits. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly);
Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 14. _Hay-net_ is still in use in Kent and E.
Anglia (EDD.). ME. _hay_, nete to take conyys, ‘cassis’ (Prompt. EETS.
211).
=hay-ree,= a carter’s cry in urging on his horses. Nash, Summer’s Last
Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. In prov. use in
Derbyshire (EDD.). See =ha and ree.=
=hayte and ree,= words used by a carter in urging on or directing his
horses. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, ii. 1 (Clown) (vol. ii, 384).
In Yorkshire the carters say ‘hite’ and ‘ree’, as calls to the horse to
turn to left or right, see EDD. (s.v. Hait). ‘Hait’ is in gen. prov. use
in Scotland and England, as a call to urge horses or other animals to go
on (id.). ME. _hayt_: ‘_Hayt_, Brok!, _hayt_, Scot!’ (Chaucer, C. T. D.
1543). Cp. Swed. dial. _häjt_, a cry to the ox or horse to turn to the
left. Rietz (s.v. Hit).
=haytye,= defiance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 301, 17 (rendering of
_ahatine_ in the F. text). F. _aatie_, _ahatie_, ‘haine, querelle,
provocation, engagement, lutte’ (Partonop. de Blois, 9585), also
_aatine_, _ahatine_, from _ahatir_ (_aatir_), ‘se hâter, s’engager à un
combat, accepter une provocation’ (Chron. des ducs de Normandie); see
Ducange. Cp. _s’ahastir_, ‘se hâter’ (Moisy).
=haze,= for _ha ’s_ = have us. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4. 7; iv. 3
(Roister).
=hazelwood.= ‘Yea, hazelwood!’ (meaning, ‘why, of course!’), Gascoigne,
in Hazlitt’s ed., ii. 23, 285. The exclamation implies that the
information given is of a very simple description, and that the hearer
knows a great deal more of the matter than the informant. In Chaucer’s
Tr. and Cr. iii. 890, there occurs the fuller form, ‘Ye, haselwodes
shaken’, i.e. Yea, hazelwoods shake (when the wind blows); in the same
poem, v. 505, ‘Ye, haselwode!’.
=head,= intellect, person, a favourite word with Sir T. Browne, ‘Every
Age has its Lucian, whereof common Heads must not hear’, Rel. Med. (ed.
Greenhill, 36).
=headless hood.= In Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 96, we find: ‘So vainely
t’aduance thy headless hood.’ Here _hood_, i.e. state, condition, is the
usual suffix _-hood_, used as if it could be detached. ‘Explained in the
Globe ed., followed by recent Dicts., as = _heedlesshood_’, but Spenser
elsewhere always distinguishes between _headless_ and _heedless_, NED.
=heal,= to cover; ‘Heal, to cover, to heal a house’, ‘to heal the fire’,
‘to heal a person in bed’, Ray, S. and E. Country Words (1674). See EDD.
(s.v. Heal, vb.^{2}). ME. _helen_, to hide, conceal (Chaucer, C. T. B.
2279). OE. _helian_, to hide. See =unhele.=
=heale,= health. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (ed. Arber, 46);
well-being, prosperity, Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 768. In
prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Heal, sb.^{1}). ME.
_hele_, health, recovery, safety (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). OE.
_hǣlo_.
=hear ill,= to be ill spoken of. B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 6 (end);
Dedication of Volpone. A Greek idiom, cp. κακῶς ἀκούειν, to be ill
spoken of.
=heardgroom, herdgroom,= a shepherd-lad. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 35.
Copied from Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1225 (‘Thise litel herdegromes’).