of human nature, and in the enduring instincts and feelings of mankind.
It has come to quicken into fresh, new growth the best things in human
life. Like the Banyan tree, wherever an auxiliary branch of the Red
Cross exists, it will so drop roots into human character and life, that
it will make it a parent trunk in turn to send out influences that shall
bring other affiliating branches, so that it shall at last cover the
earth with its grateful shade, beneath which the tramp of armed men
shall cease, and the battle flags be furled. Then, although the original
purpose and object of the Red Cross was indeed to heal the wounds and
sickness incident to warfare, there will remain the work under the
"American Amendment," in which the Red Cross goes forth to heal other
great ills of life.
The future of the Red Cross then will be worthy of the labors and
sacrifices in which it originated, worthy of the care and tender
solicitude with which its growth and progress has been watched and
tended.
Into the hands of the coming generations it will be given as the best
legacy that the All Father has at any time given to His children--the
spirit and the power symbolized and consecrated forever by the Red Cross
of Geneva.
NOTES.
AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS.
The Red Cross is often referred to by the press and by many of our
friends in correspondence, as a "society." From this practice, it
appears that a misapprehension exists regarding the official title of
the national organization in this country, and a few words of
explanation seem necessary.
As contemplated by the Treaty of the Red Cross, and provided by the
regulations of the International Committee, there is formed in each of
the countries adopting the Treaty of Geneva, one Central National
Committee of the Red Cross, with headquarters at the seat of government.
In this National Committee of each country, authorized by the
International Committee and recognized by its own government, is centred
the power of organization and direction of all matters connected with
the administration of relief contributed by the people in the name of
the Red Cross. This authority includes the sole right to form
innumerable branches, subject to the direction of the National
Committee. These branches, created by the National Organization, may be
known as Auxiliary Societies of the Red Cross, or by any other
appropriate name, but the central national organization is not a
society; it is a National Committee.
Therefore, in referring to or addressing the parent organization, it is
improper to use the term "society." It should be remembered that the
Central National Committee of the Red Cross for the United States of
America, has, for sake of convenience, been incorporated under the
title: THE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS.
RELIEF OF WOUNDED IN WAR.
The Central National Committee of the Red Cross in each country, being
duly accredited by the International Committee and officially recognized
by its own government, is the lawful means of communication between the
people and the armies in the field, acting as the administrator of the
contributions of the people for the relief of the sick and wounded in
war.
CORRESPONDENCE IN TIME OF WAR.
When hostilities are in progress, and the usual means of communication
between the belligerent countries are suspended, prisoners of war are
enabled to communicate with their homes through the medium of the Red
Cross of neutral nations. Thus, for example, during the late
Spanish-American war the prisoners on board the prize ships at Key West
were, by an arrangement made with the authorities of the United States
Government, permitted to write to their friends and relatives. The
letters were, of course, first viséd and certified by the American
National Red Cross, and those addressed to persons within the Spanish
lines were forwarded through the Red Cross of Portugal.
WOUNDED AS PRISONERS OF WAR.
Formerly a wounded man, as such, had no particular rights which any one
was pledged to respect. Now, however, the Treaty of Geneva provides that
the wounded immediately become neutral and are entitled to the care and
consideration of their captors. There is also preserved to them the
right to send messages through the lines, informing their friends of
their whereabouts and condition.
THE RED CROSS AND LOCAL CHARITY.
The National Committee of the Red Cross and its branches, not being a
local benevolent institution, the Red Cross takes no part in the
distribution of local charity, when the distress is such that it is
within the power of the community itself to relieve. Therefore, members
of auxiliary societies when engaged in the usual charities of a local
nature, should not act as the representatives of the Red Cross. The Red
Cross in times of peace can only be called into action when a disaster
occurs which is of such magnitude as to be considered national in its
character, and beyond the control of the immediate community.
NO REFLECTION UPON THE GOVERNMENT.
By their adhesion to the Treaty of Geneva, and by their recognition of
the National Committees in each country, the nations of the world have
declared that, no matter how extensive the preparations, nor how
complete may be the organization of the medical department of an army,
it is beyond human possibility to provide for all contingencies. For
this reason the National Committees of the Red Cross were created. The
necessity for auxiliary aid by the people, through the Red Cross,
existing as it does in all the treaty countries, is in no wise a
reflection upon the Medical Department of the Army, nor upon the ability
and faithfulness of its officers. Hence, the timely acceptance of this
auxiliary aid, the necessity for which all nations have publicly
acknowledged, brings with it no discredit; it is only its rejection that
opens the door to censure.
MEMBERSHIP IN THE RED CROSS.
In the past many applications have been received for membership in the
American National Red Cross, to all of which it has been necessary to
make the same reply. The central organization being a National
Committee, membership thereon is only conferred by election and
appointment, not by application. Membership in the Red Cross may,
however, be obtained through the auxiliary societies. During the
Spanish-American war many auxiliaries were formed for temporary work,
but have not yet been received and accredited as permanent societies of
the Red Cross. It is hoped, however, that the time may soon come when
the local branches of the Red Cross may be found everywhere, and when
any one who is acceptable may become a member by joining the nearest
auxiliary.
INDEX.
A. Page.
Address by Clara Barton to the President, Congress, and People
of U.S. 60
Address by Clara Barton: "What is Significance of Red Cross in
its Relation to Philanthropy?" 97
Address by Clara Barton to Congress 666
Accession of U.S. to Treaty of Geneva and Additional Articles
of Navy 80
Adhesion of U.S., translation from International Bulletin,
April, 1882 87
Articles of Red Cross Treaty, or the Convention of Geneva 57
Articles, additional, of Oct. 20, 1863 74
American Amendment of Red Cross 383, 668, 681
Appia, Dr. Louis 23, 48, 61
Aguadores, shelling of 561, 645
Americans advised to leave Havana, April 9 549, 603
Amputations few 593
Army Surgeons Accept Red Cross Help 560, 562, 588, 589, 590, 615,
616, 645, 647
"As the Sun Went Down" (Poem) 679
Auxiliaries 474-480
Austrian Committee 31
ARMENIAN RELIEF FIELD, 1895-96:
Red Cross requested to take charge of relief 275
Armenia, conditions in 276, 279, 320
Turkey, signatory power to Red Cross Convention
of 1864 276
Public gatherings in the United States, effect of 276
Obligations of neutrality imposed upon the representatives
and workers under Geneva Treaty 277, 279, 280
Red Cross forbidden to enter Turkey by Turkish Minister
in Washington 277, 278
Turkish Minister's action politically justifiable 277
Red Cross pledged to go to Turkey 277
Red Cross sails from New York, Jan. 22, 1896 277
Dr. Hubbell dispatched to Constantinople 278
Conference with Missionary Board at Constantinople 278
U.S. Minister A.W. Terrell 278, 279, 299, 314
Conference with Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Tewfik Pasha 278
Plan of Relief outlined to Turkish Minister 279
Permission to work and protection of Turkish Government
assured 280
Preparations for dispatching agents begin 283
Relief delayed by denunciatory utterances in the U.S.;
sample; "Pro-Armenian Alliance" 283
Currie, Sir Phillip, suggests Southern Route 284, 288
Expeditions start via Alexandretta (Iskanderun) 285
Doubts and discouragements from home 285
Massacre at Killis, Turkish Government anxious 286
Letter to Frances Willard 286
Zeitoun and Marash epidemics 287, 335, 350, 353, 354
Harris, Dr. Ira, expedition of, and report 287, 294, 336, 350
Perplexing cablegrams from U.S. 288
Cabled American Committee that Red Cross will finish
field alone 289
Letter to Red Cross officer, P.V. De Graw, in U.S. 289
Course of expeditions 290
Shattuck, Miss Corinna, at Oorfa 293, 335
Kimball, Dr. Grace, Bitlis 293
Expeditions reach Harpoot 293
Typhoid and typhus in Arabkir 293, 337, 338
Fifth expedition 294
Harpoot 293, 295, 337
Diarbekir 295
Farkin 295
Furnishing tools for building and harvesting 295
Wood, Chas. King 296, 297, 334, 335, 337, 356
Wistar, E.M. 334, 335, 345, 356
Gates, Rev. C.F., D.D. 296
Cattle for plowing and planting 296
Return of expeditions from Asia Minor 297, 298
Balance of funds placed with W.W. Peet, Treasurer 297
Peet, W.W. 297, 298, 299, 324
Hardships endured by our men 297
Dwight, H.O., D.D. 298, 315, 324
Green, Jos. K., D.D. 298
Hamblin, Dr. Cyrus 299
Washburn, Geo., D.D. 278, 299, 324
Selamlic 299
Time spent socially in Constantinople 299
Respects paid to new Turkish Minister to U.S.,
Moustapha Tehsin Bey, 299
Decoration and diploma, Armenian and Turkish 300, 303
Returning home 304
Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Baden, visit to 304
Constantinople massacres renewed, and Red Cross proposed
to return, if needed 305
Distances and difficulties of travel, transportation and
communication in Turkey 305
Turkish telegram 307
Funds, never embarrassed for 307
Methods of work, general 310
Difficulties of relief committees at home, and causes 310, 313
The Press and contributors 313
(To the) Government at Washington, and To the U.S.
Legation at Constantinople 313
Ambassadors and representatives of other nations 315
Commendatory 315
"The Independent," report 315
"Marmora," poem 319
Conditions in Armenia, summary of 320
FINANCIAL SECRETARY'S REPORT, ARMENIA:
Turkish money, intricacies of, and varying values 324
Post, Dr. Geo. E., letter of 324
Para, copper coin, value, one-tenth cent 325
Piaster, equal forty para, about, 4½ cents 325
Lira, gold 325
Volunteer aid 326
Money, banking, express 326
Bakshish 326
Method and manner of distribution 327, 328
Raising of funds, popular impression and actual experience in 329
Balance sheet 333
GENERAL FIELD AGENT'S REPORT:
Preparations for interior travel 334
Fuller, Rev. Dr., Aintab 334, 335
Killis 334
Aintab 335
Red Cross methods 328, 329, 335, 336, 339, 345, 355
Marash filled with refugees and epidemics prevailing 335
Marash, Mrs. Lee and Mrs. Macallum 336
Surrounding country pillaged, people killed 335
Trail route, Marash to Harpoot 336
Marash without foods or medicines 336
Arabkir epidemic 294, 337
Hintlian, Dr. Hagop 338, 339
Bush, Miss Caroline E. 338, 339
Arabkir, welcome to 338
Egin City and Aghan villages 343, 344
Gratitude of people 343
Barnum, Rev. H.N. 346
Post, Dr. Geo. 350
Tribute to Red Cross non-sectarian methods, by Dr. Harris 355
Returning expeditions 356
B.
BARTON, CLARA, LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE:
Autograph translation of Mr. Moynier's letter to President
of U.S., on adoption of treaty 37
To E.M. Camp, Ed. "Erie Dispatch" (The Little Six) 130
To Ed. "Charleston News and Courier," subject, Sea Island
Relief 268
To Sea Island Committeemen, planting 273
To Frances Willard, Armenian relief 286
To P.V. De Graw, Armenian relief 289
To Admiral W.T. Sampson, Cuban relief, entering Havana 370
To Cuban Relief Committee, New York Cuban relief 374
To Surgeon-Major Louis A. Le Garde, Siboney Hospital 560
To S.E. Barton (cable), Siboney 562
To Admiral Sampson, entering Santiago 574
To Capt. Chadwick, flagship "New York," entering Santiago 575
To R.A. Alger, Secretary of War, transportation, Santiago
to Havana 584
To Capt. S.C. Wertsch, S.S. "Clinton," thanks 631
From J.G. Blaine, Secretary of State 41
From Mr. Moynier, Pres. Comité International 81
From "The Little Six" 132
From A.A. Adee, Secretary of State, Cuban relief 362
From S.E. Barton, Cuban relief 365
From John F. Hoar, U.S. Marshal, Key West, Spanish prisoners 369
From Admiral W.T. Sampson, Cuban relief, entering Havana 373
From R.A. Alger, Secretary of War, Red Cross Treaty 395
From C.H. Allen, Secretary of Navy, Red Cross Treaty 395
From Surgeon-Major Le Garde, hospital work 560
From S.E. Barton, transportation and nurses 562
From Capt. Chadwick, flagship "New York," entering Santiago 575
From R.A. Alger, Secretary of War, transportation, Santiago
to Havana 584
From Capt. P.C. Wertsch, acknowledgment 631
From members of Red Cross field staff on separating 632
From Santiago Relief Committee 639
From Duke of Palmella, Red Cross Intermediary 665
From Spanish Red Cross
Barton, Clara, reimbursed by Congress 78
Barton, Clara, starts to Cuba Feb. 6, 1898 519
Bangs, C.C., work at El Caney and death at Santiago 620, 650
Baracoa and Sagua de Tanamo 623
Battleship "Maine," visit to 523
Battleship "Maine," blowing up of 524, 600
Battleship "Maine's" dead 526
Beckwith, General A. 120
Bell, Major Wm. Duffield, statement of conditions at front
hospital, Santiago 616
Bellows, Henry W. (effort to bring U.S. into treaty) 36
Blaine, Secretary James G. (letter to Clara Barton acknowledging
Mr. Moynier's) 42
Blaine, Secretary, transmits articles Geneva Convention to
President 73
Blanco, General, courtesy of, and co-operation 547, 643
Bulletin, International 27
C.
CAMPS AND CAMP WORK, extracts from reports of 484
ATLANTA DISTRICT:
Camp Fort McPherson, Ga., Rev. Orville G. Nave, agent 420
Atlanta Committee of Red Cross 421
Red Cross work, observation on 421
Camp Hobson, Ga., Lythia Springs 422
Diet Kitchen, Miss Junia McKinley 422
CHATTANOOGA DISTRICT:
Camp Thomas, Chickamauga, E.C. Smith, agent 408
Typhoid fever in camp 411, 502
Hospital "Sternberg" 412
Hospitals "Sanger" and "Leiter" 412
Nurses, great lack of, at first 411
Nurses, 140 women graduate at one time 412
Camp "Shipp," Anniston, Ala. 413
Hunters Island, 507
JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT, Rev. Alex. Kent, agent 414
Camp Fernandina 418
Camp hospitals, conditions to be expected in 418
Camp Miami 418
Hospital, recuperating, Pablo Beach 416
LONG ISLAND AND NEW YORK DISTRICT:
Long Island Relief Station, Mrs. A.G. Hammond,
superintendent 489, 490, 505
Camp Wyckoff, Montauk Point, L.I., Howard Townsend,
agent, Dr. Brewer, assistant 426
Bureau of Inquiry and Correspondence 429
Diet Kitchens 429, 505
First work supplying water 426
Hospital, railway emergency 430
Quarantine officer, Dr. Magruder 429
Troops arriving on transports (feeding of) 429
Nurses, 140 Red Cross 429
Supplies, promptness in ordering and receiving 426
Camp Black, nurses at 506
PORTO RICO FIELD WORK, Horace F. Barnes, agent, General W.T.
Bennett, assistant 460
Camp Barton 467
Field agent, qualifications necessary for (Barnes) 470
Method of work 468
Sick, large percentage of, in Porto Rico 468, 469
Sickness, some of causes 469
TAMPA DISTRICT, Dr. S.S. Partello, agent 493
WASHINGTON, D.C., DISTRICTS:
Camp Alger, Washington, B.H. Warner, field agent 397
Camp Bristow Diet Kitchen 400
Camp Point Sheridan visited, Mrs. Mussey 399
Fort Meyer Diet Kitchen, Dr. Mary E. Green 400
Post Hospital, Washington Barracks 399
Camps and camp regulations, suggestions 405
Common sense criticism 405
Green, Dr. Mary E. 400
Ice plant auxiliary of New York 402
Legion Loyal Women 403
Medicine and supplies furnished promptly by Red Cross 399
Nurses, experienced, needed 399, 401
President and Secretary of War always interested in
efforts of Red Cross 405
Red tape hinders needed supplies 399
Returning troops at Fortress Monroe, meeting of 401
Troops en route, sick and well, care of 401
Testimony of officers, surgeons and soldiers to work of
Red Cross 403
Tribute to the Red Cross 406
Sag Harbor Home 507
CAROLINA SEA ISLANDS HURRICANE AND RELIEF 197
Hurricane, description of 197
Hurricane, Admiral Beardslee's description 203
Sea Islands, geography, people, conditions, religion 203, 205, 209
First local aid 202
Red Cross called by the Governor of South Carolina 201
Sea Islands Hurricane, needs and methods of relief 208, 210
Relief work in Sea Islands Hurricane, district report of
J. MacDonald, Hilton Head 211, 219
Report of Mrs. MacDonald, clothing 220
Report of warehouse and shipping department, Dr. E.W. Egan 222
Medical and sanitary, Dr. E.W. Egan 228
Report Beaufort District, Dr. J.B. Hubbell 232
Report Charleston District, H.L. Bailey 244
Report of clothing department, Mrs. Jos. Gardner and
Mrs. H.L. Reed 252-263
Sewing circles 257
"Christmas Carol," poem 261
Summary of work done 268
Leaving the field 268
Circular letter to committeemen the year following, Feb., 1895 273
Cobb, D.L. 360, 361, 420, 624, 655
CUBA AND CUBAN RELIEF:
Casino, Havana 521
Cuban Central Relief Committee, formation of 362, 363, 634
Cuban relief, first efforts fail from political and
other influences 516
Cuban relief, numerous obstructions, political and sensational 514
Spain addressed, requesting permission to distribute in Cuba 515
Spain's courteous and generous response, a courtesy carelessly
overlooked by Americans 515
Conference with President and Secretary of State on Cuban
relief 516
Cuba, conditions of country and people (Senator Proctor) 534
Cuban Congressional Committee 546
Cienfuegos 544, 643
Cisneros, Miss 543
Co-operation of Cuban physicians 643
Cuban refugees, relief, Tampa and Key West 368
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 360
Cuba and the Cuban campaign 514
Cuban Hospital, Siboney 557, 614
Cargo for north coast of Cuba, Mary E. Morse 624
Chadwick, Capt., battleship "New York," correspondence 575
Clinics while waiting 551, 644, 645
Clothing report, Miss Fowler 656
"Clinton," steamer furnished by Government for Red Cross
transportation 583, 629
"Clinton" leaves Havana, Sept. 1 1898, 585, 630, 652
"Comal," steamer arrives Havana 585
Committees, central or national 27, 28
Charities, difficulties in administering 166
Conference of 1863, preliminary to the Convention of Geneva,
of Aug. 22, 1864 23, 24, 28, 35, 36, 38, 51, 52, 53
Conference, second, Oct. 20, 1868 74
Congress votes $1,000 for printing 92
Convention of Geneva, Red Cross, Aug. 22, 1864 24, 57
Conclusion 681
Correspondence in time of war 608, 644, 683
"Crevasse," escape from a 121
Cyclone of Mississippi and Louisiana 112
Cyclone of Mount Vernon, Ill., Feb. 19, 1888 143
D.
Death rate from wounds, small 593
Diet Kitchens 400, 402, 429, 505
Distribution places, Havana 522, 600, 601
Douglas, Robert, house and warehouse for Red Cross, Santiago 619
Dufour, General 23, 50
Dunant, Henri (Swiss) 23, 48
Distribution, a criminal neglect in, the occasion of great
disturbance in the United States 547
E.
Egan, Dr. E.W. and Geo. Kennan, to the front, Santiago 646
Egan, Dr. E.W., report 642
El Caney and Firmeza refugees, supplies for 577, 619, 620, 649
Emergency package, good results 593
Explanatory note to readers 680
F.
Federal Council of Switzerland 24
Fields of work from 1881 to 1894 104
Field drill 643
Financial secretary, Cuban work, report 600
Financial statement, Cuban relief 635
First relief committee for Cuban help not successful 515
Flood of Mississippi river, 1884 119
Floods of Ohio and Mississippi, 1882 and 1883 104, 111, 112
Floods, Ohio and Mississippi, 1884, government account of
Red Cross work 128
Food and supplies for sick soldiers, scarcity in Cuban campaign 595
Food and hospital supplies, scarcity of, at front 616, 649
Franco-Prussian war 25
Forest fires of Michigan, 1881 108
French, Alice (Octave Thanet) 177
French Red Cross 33, 664
G.
Garcia, General Calixto 560, 561, 614, 645, 646
Geneva Convention Treaty in United States (translation
from International Bulletin) 77
German-Austrian war 25
German Red Cross 32
Government relationship to the Red Cross 377, 378, 379, 380, 383,
384, 395
Guantanamo, June 25th 560, 610, 619, 645
Guantanamo, Captain McCalla asks for 100,000 rations
for Cubans 574
Guantanamo supplies for Cubans declined for fear of yellow
fever contagion 574, 619
Governments that have adopted treaty, list 58
Governmental recognition of the Red Cross 28, 80, 85, 91, 92, 377,
378, 379, 380, 383, 395
Geddings, Surgeon (Egmont Key, Fla.) 632
H.
Havana, arrived at, August 25th 584, 629
Harbor clinics 606, 644, 645
Havana custom duties, excessive, prevent unloading
supplies 585, 629, 652
Havana citizens, cordial co-operation in relief work 601
Havana harbor, fine of $500 imposed 585, 627
Havana, "Maine" victims at San Ambrosia Hospital 525
Havana, Red Cross headquarters 528 del Cerro 526, 601
Havana understood to be open port 583, 626
History of Red Cross, preparation of, in 1883 96
HOME CAMPS AND AMERICAN WATERS 362-513
Homes of Hunter's Island and Sag Harbor 507
Hospital, Charleston city, nurses sent 496
Hospital, Siboney, Cuba 557, 561, 590, 614
Hospital, Fort Hamilton, nurses at 497
Hospital, Fort Monroe, nurses sent 496
Hospitals, Fort Wadsworth, Staten Island, nurses sent to 497, 502
Hospital, Governor's Island, nurses at 497, 502
Hospital, "Leiter" 495
Hospital at Siboney, opened July 2d 561, 590, 615
Hospital ship "Solace," Captain Dunlap 555, 610
Hospital supplies from "State of Texas" 595
Hospital supplies at Santiago 562, 651
I.
Ice schooner "Mary E. Morse" 559, 580, 624
Incidents of workroom 659-661
Incorporation of American Red Cross 47, 94
Intermediary offices of Red Cross 664, 665, 684
Intermediaries in Spanish-American war:
Switzerland 384, 386
Portugal 608, 644, 664, 665, 683
France 664
International Committee 27, 28, 667, 682
International Committee, circular announcing formation
of the American National Red Cross 91
International Committee, medal of honor to Clara Barton 82, 83
International conferences, representation in 668
International communications, made through the International
Committee 667, 682
International Committee, twenty-five years' record
(illustration) 84
International relations of National Committees 28
Iron Cross of Prussia presented to Clara Barton 83
Italian Red Cross 31
J.
Jaruco, condition, relief (Cuba) 527
Jaruco's tribute to the dead of the "Maine" 530
JOHNSTOWN FLOOD, PA., 1889 157
Benevolent Union of Conemaugh Valley 164
Johnstown flood, incidents 171-173
Johnstown flood, "In Memoriam" 174
Five o'clock tea 163
Johnstown Finance Committee, extract from report, sheltering
people 169
Johnstown contributions, general fund, $1,600,000 168
Johnstown's farewell to Miss Barton 169
Red Cross houses, warehouse and infirmary 164
Johnstown houses, removal of 167
Johnstown infirmary 164
Poem, "The Dread Conemaugh" 170
Jorrin, Senora J.S. 526, 530
Jovellanos (Cuba) 654
K.
Kennan, George 395, 587, 646
Klopsch, Louis, assumes charge of distribution in Cuba 547
L.
La Yocabo, Havana 521
Landing supplies, difficulties, Siboney 563
Late in Siboney, we cannot reach our ship 568, 650
Le Garde, Major-Surgeon Louis A., request for
Red Cross help, 560, 589, 618, 645
Le Garde, Surgeon-Major, testimonial to Red Cross physicians
and nurses 599
LESSER, Dr. A. MONAE (report of) 587
Lesser, Mrs. A. Monae (Sister Bettina) 531, 545
Liabilities to war in United States less than in other countries 35
Liberality of transportation companies 364
Los Fosos, Havana 521, 522, 545, 546, 602
M.
MacClenny nurses, story of 147, 148
Matanzas (Cuba) 546, 547, 653
Matanzas, condition of hospitals and people 531
Matanzas, Governor of, Francisco de Armas 532, 546, 547
"Mattie Bell," steamer on Mississippi 118
Marianao hospital 655
Mason, Robert 578, 621, 651