Rati, love, liking; a synonym of _ragā_. The name of one of Māra's
daughters.
Saha'mpati, occurs only in the phrase "Brahmā Sahampati," a name
frequently used in Buddhist scriptures the meaning of which is obscure.
Burnouf renders it _Seigneur des êtres patients_; Eitel, Lord of the
inhabitable parts of all universes; H. Kern [in _S.B._, XXI, p. 5]
maintains that it is synonymous with Sikhin, which is a common term for
Agni.
Sa'kka, _p._, Śa'kra, _skt._, Lord; a cognomen of Indra.
Sa'kya, Śākya, _skt._, the name of a royal race in the northern
frontiers of Magadha.
Sakyamuni, _p._, Śakyamuni, _skt._, the Sākya sage; a cognomen of
Buddha.
Sā'la, _p._, Śā'la, _skt._, a tree, _vatica robusta_; sāla-grove;
sāla-trees.
Samā'dhi, _p._ and _skt._, trance, abstraction, self-control. Rhys
Davids says (_B._ _p._ 177): "Buddhism has not been able to escape from
the natural results of the wonder with which abnormal nervous states
have always been regarded during the infancy of science.... But it must
be added, to its credit, that the most ancient Buddhism despises dreams
and visions; and that the doctrine of Samādhi is of small practical
importance compared with the doctrine of the noble eightfold Path."
Eitel says (_Handbook_, p. 140): "The term Samādhi is sometimes used
ethically, when it designates moral self-deliverance from passion and
vice."
Sa'mana, _p._, Śrā'mana, _skt._, an ascetic; one who lives under the
vow; the Samana Gotama, the vision of a samana.
Sambho'ga-Kā'ya, _skt._, the body of Bliss.
Sammappadhā'na, _p._, Samyakpradhā'na, _skt._, right effort, exertion,
struggle. There are four great efforts to overcome sin, which are: (1)
Mastery over the passions so as to prevent bad qualities from rising;
(2) suppression of sinful thoughts to put away bad qualities which have
arisen; (3) meditation on the seven kinds of wisdom (Bojjhañga) in order
to produce goodness not previously existing, and (4) fixed attention or
the exertion of preventing the mind from wandering, so as to increase
the goodness which exists. [See the Mahāpadhāna-Sutta in the
_Dīgha-Nikāya_. Compare _B.B. St._, p. 89, and Rh. Davids's _Buddhism_,
pp. 172-173.]
Samsā'ra, _p._ and _skt._, the ocean of birth and death, transiency,
worldliness, the restlessness of a worldly life, the agitation of
selfishness, the vanity fair of life.
Sa'ngha, _p._ and _skt._, the brotherhood of Buddha's disciples, the
Buddhist church. An assembly of at least four has the power to hear
confession, to grant absolution, to admit persons to the priesthood,
etc. The sangha forms the third constituent of the Tiratana or three
jewels in which refuge is taken (the S. B. of the E. spell Sawgha);
sangha maybe expected to prosper.
Sa'ñjaya, _p._ and _skt._, a wandering ascetic and chief of that sect to
which Sāriputta and Moggallāna belonged before their conversion.
Sankhā'ra, _p._, Samskā'ra, _skt._, confection, conformation,
disposition. It is the formative element in the karma as it has taken
shape in bodily existence.
Sāripu'tta, _p._, Sāripu'tra, _skt._, one of the principal disciples of
Buddha; the Buddhistic St. Peter; Sāriputta's faith.
Sā'vaka, _p._, Srā'vaka, _skt._, he who has heard the voice (viz. of
Buddha), a pupil, a beginner. The name is used to designate (1) all
personal disciples of Buddha, the foremost among whom are called
Mahā-sāvakas, and (2) an elementary degree of saintship. A sāvaka is he
who is superficial yet in practice and comprehension, being compared to
a hare crossing the stream of Samsāra by swimming on the surface. [See
Eitel _Handbook_, p. 157.]
Sati-patthā'na, _p._, Smrityupasthā'na, _skt._, meditation; explained as
"fixing the attention." The four objects of earnest meditation are: (1)
the impurity of the body, (2) the evils arising from sensation, (3)
ideas or the impermanence of existence, and (4) reason and character, or
the permanency of the dharma. (Rh. D.B., p. 172.) The term is different
from "bhāvanā," although translated by the same English word. (_S.B._ of
the _E._ XI, p. 62.--211).
Sāva'tthi, _p._, Srāva'sti, _skt._, capital of Northern Kosala. It has
been identified by General Cunningham with the ruins of Sāhet-Māhet in
Oudh and was situated on the river Rapri, northwest of Magadha.
Se'niya, _p._, Sai'nya, _skt._, military, warlike, an honorary title
given to Bimbisāra the king of Magadha.
Siddha'ttha, _p._, Siddhā'rtha, _skt._, Buddha's proper name. Etymology,
"He who has reached his goal."
Sigā'la, _p._, Srigā'la, _skt._, literally, "jackal"; name of a Brahman
converted by Buddha.
Si'mha, _skt._, Sī'ha, _p._, literally, "lion." Name of a general, an
adherent of the Niggantha sect, converted by Buddha; Simha, a soldier;
Simha's question concerning annihilation.
So'ma, _p._ and _skt._, derived from the root _su_, to press in a
winepress; not as, according to Eitel, Chinese scholars propose from
"exhilarate (_su_) and mind (_mana_)." Name of a plant and of its
juice, which is intoxicating and is used at Brahmanical festivals; the
Soma drink is identified with the moon and personified as a deity.
Subā'hu, _p._ and _skt._, a friend of Yasa.
Subha'dda, _p._, Subha'dra, _skt._, name of a samana. Subha'dda,
Buddha's last convert, must not be confounded with another man of the
same name who caused dissension soon after Buddha's death.
Suddho'dana, _p._, Śuddho'dana, _skt._, Buddha's father. The word means
"possessing pure rice." Buddhists always represent him as a king, but
Oldenberg declares that this does not appear in the oldest records, and
speaks of him as "a great and wealthy land-owner." (See his _Buddha_,
English version, pp. 99 and 416--417).
Su'mana, _p._ and _skt._, name of a householder.
Suprabuddha, father of Devadatta.
Su'tta, _p._, Sū'tra, _skt._, literally" thread," any essay, or guide of
a religious character.
Tanhā, _p._, Tr'ishna, _skt._, thirst; the word denotes generally all
intense desire, cleaving and clinging with passion. The name of one of
Māra's daughters.
Tapu'ssa, _p._ and _skt._, a merchant.
Tāru'kkha, _p._, Tāru'kshya, _skt._, name of a Brahman
philosopher.
Tathā'gata, _p._ and _skt._, generally explained as "the Perfect One."
The highest attribute of Buddha; robe of the Tathāgata; soldiers of the
Tathāgata; the law the body of the Tathāgata; Tathāgatas are only
preachers.
Tiratana, _p._, Trira'tna, _skt._, the three jewels or the holy trinity
of the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha, a doctrine peculiar to
Northern Buddhism. (See Trikāya.)
Ti'tthiya, _p._, Tī'rthika, _skt._, a religious school of India in
Buddha's time.
Trikā'ya, the three bodies or personalities of Buddha, the Dharmakāya,
the Sambhoga-kāya, and the Nirmāna-kāya.
Uddaka, _p._, U'draka, _skt._, a Brahman philosopher.
Ujje'nī, _p._, Ujja'yinī, _skt._, name of a city.
Upādā'na, _p._ and _skt._, desire, a grasping state of mind. One of the
nidānas.
(Upagutta, _p._), Upagu'pta, _skt._, name of a Buddhist monk.
U'paka, _p._ and _skt._, name of a man, a Jain, who met Buddha, but was
not converted by him.
Upā'li, _p._ and _skt._, a prominent disciple of Buddha. Before his
conversion he was, according to the Buddhistic tradition, court-barber
to the king of the Sakyas.
Upasa'mpadā, _p._ and _skt._, admittance to the Buddhist brotherhood,
ordination. (See Pabbajā.)
Upava'ttana, Upava'rtana, _skt._, a grove in Kusinagara. The word means
a rambling-place, a gymnasium.
Upo'satha, _p._, Upava'satha, _skt._, the Buddhist sabbath. Rhys Davids
says (pp. 140--141): "The Uposatha days are the four days in the lunar
month when the moon is full, or new, or half way between the two. It is
the fourteenth day from the new moon (in short months) and the fifteenth
day from the full moon (in the long months), and the eighth day from
each of these. The corresponding Sanskrit word is Upavasatha, the
fast-day previous to the offering of the intoxicating soma, connected
with the worship of the moon. Instead of worshipping the moon, the
Buddhists were to keep the fast-day by special observance of the moral
precepts; one of many instances in which Gotama spiritualised existing
words and customs."; observe the Uposatha or Sabbath.
Uruve'lā, _p._, Urubi'lvā, _skt._, a place south of Patna on the banks
of the Nerañjara river, now Buddha Gayā. The residence of Kassapa, the
chief of the Jatilas.
Va'jji, _p._, Vri'ji, _skt._, name of a people living in the
neighborhood of Magadha; assemblies of the Vajji.
Va'rana, _p._ and _skt._, a tree; _Crataeva Roxburghii_.
Vardhamā'na, _skt._, Vaddhamā'na, _Jaina Prākrit_, proper name of the
founder of Jainism. Also called Jñātapu'tra in _skt._ and Nātapu'tta in
_Jaina Prākrit_.
Va'runa, _p._ and _skt._, a Brahman deity, the god of heaven and regent
of the sea; one of the guardians of the world.
Vāsavada'ttā, _p._ and _skt._, a courtesan of Mathurā.
Vāse'ttha, _p._, Vāsi'shtha, _skt._, name of a Brahman.
Va'ssa, _p._, Va'rsha, _skt._, rain, rainy season. During the rainy
season of Northern India, which falls in the months from June to
October, the samanas could not wander about, but had to stay in one
place. It was the time in which the disciples gathered round their
master, listening to his instructions. Thus it became the festive time
of the year. In Ceylon, where these same months are the fairest season
of the year, Buddhists come together and live in temporary huts, holding
religious meetings in the open air, reading the Pitakas and enjoying the
Jātakas, legends, and parables of Buddhism. [See Rhys Davids's _B._, p.
57.]
Vassakāra, _p._, Varshakā'ra, _skt._, lit. "rain-maker." Name of a
Brahman, the prime minister of the king of Magadha.
Ve'das; I know all the Vedas.
Veluva'na, _p._, Venuva'na, _skt._, a bamboo-grove at Rājagaha;
Veluvana vihāra.
Vesā'lī, _p._, Vaiśā'līī, _skt._, a great city of India, north of
Patna.
Vihā'ra, _p._ and _skt._, residence of Buddhist monks or priests; a
Buddhist convent or monastery; a Buddhist temple.
Vi'mala, _p._ and _skt._ (etym., the spotless), name of a friend of
Yasa.
Vi'naya.
Visā'khā, _p._, Viśā'khā, _skt._, a wealthy matron of Sāvatthi, one of
Buddha's most distinguished woman lay-disciples. Says Oldenberg,
_Buddha_, English translation, p. 167: "Every one invites Visākhā to
sacrificial ceremonies and banquets, and has the dishes offered to her
first; a guest like her brings luck to the house."; eight boons of
Visākhā; gladness of Visākhā.
Ya'ma, _p._ and _skt._, also called Yama-rā'ja, death, the god of
death.
Ya'sa, Ya'śas, _skt._, the noble youth of Benares, son of a wealthy man
and one of Buddha's earliest converts.
Yaso'dharā, _p._, Ya'śodharā, _skt._, wife of Prince Gotama Siddhattha
before he became Buddha. She became one of the first of Buddhist nuns.
[See Jātaka, 87--90; Commentary on Dhammapada, vv. 168, 169: Bigandet,
156--168; Spence Hardy's _Manual_, 198--204; Beal, pp. 360--364: _B.
Birth Stories_, 127.]