Servant--Letters from the Duke of York--J. Savery and Irving
Brock, Esqrs. and Mrs. Eliot--Introduction of four Indian
chiefs to George the Fourth, at Windsor--Destruction of
Monument, and "gathering" on Queenstown Heights--Intended
obelisk--Notice of Sir Isaac Brock's brothers, sisters, and
nephews
APPENDIX A.
SECTION I.--BRITISH AUTHORS.
1. Letter from Lord Aylmer--2. Dispatch from Captain
Roberts--3. Extracts from Letters of Veritas--4. Sir G.
Prevost's general order--5. Brief extracts from various
authors--6. Council of condolence--7. Monument in St. Paul's
cathedral--8. A Huron chief's surprise on seeing this
monument--9. Address of the Commons of Upper Canada to the
Prince Regent--10. Re-interment described--11. Dickens'
American notes
SECTION II.--AMERICAN AUTHORS.
1. Jefferson's correspondence--General Hull's revolutionary
services--Letter from Captain Wool--Battle of
Queenstown--Hull's army at Detroit
APPENDIX B.
Daniel De lisle Brock, Esq
APPENDIX C.
Lieutenant E. William Tupper, R.N.
APPENDIX D.
Colonel W. De Vic Tupper, Chilian service
* * * * *
CHAPTER I.
The Guernsey family of BROCK is probably of English origin, but we have
been unable to ascertain the period of its first establishment in the
island. The parochial register of St. Peter-Port extends only to the
year 1563, soon after which time it contains the name of Philip Brock.
By "Robson's Armorial Bearings of the Nobility and Gentry of Great
Britain and Ireland," eight families of the name of Brock appear to bear
different arms, one of which was borne by all the Brocks of
Guernsey--viz. azure, a fleur de lis or, on a chief argent a lion pass.
guard. gu.--crest, an escallop or[2]--until the death of Sir Isaac
Brock, when new and honorary armorial bearings were granted by the
sovereign to his family. Brock is the ancient Saxon name for badger,
and as such is still retained in English dictionaries. Froissart,[3] in
his Chronicles, makes mention of Sir Hugh Brock, an English knight,
keeper of the castle of Derval, in Brittany, for his cousin Sir Robert
Knolles, who was governor of all the duchy, and resided in Brest, during
the absence of the duke in England. The French overran Brittany at this
period, and leaving 2,000 men near Brest, so as to prevent its receiving
succours, sat down with "great engines" before the castle of Derval, to
the siege of which came the constable of France, the Duke of Bourbon,
the Earls of Alençon and of Perche, and a great number of the barony and
chivalry of France. The castle being sore oppressed, Sir Hugh Brock was
at length constrained to agree to surrender it at the end of two months,
if not relieved by that time. Sir Robert Knolles, hearing this, also
began to treat with the French; and while at the head of 30,000 men, he
was afterwards defeated by Bertrand du Guesclin. These events occurred
in the reign of Edward the Third, about the middle of the fourteenth
century, when the English were driven out of France; and as Guernsey is
in the direct course between Brittany and England, may not one of Sir
Hugh Brock's family, on his passage across the Channel, have visited the
island and settled there?
The common ancestor of the present Guernsey family of the name of Brock
was William Brock, Esq., a native of the island, who died in the year
1776, and was the grandfather of the subject of this volume. He had
three sons and one daughter, who became connected by marriage with some
of the principal and most ancient families of Guernsey; namely, William,
married to Judith, daughter of James De Beauvoir, Esq.;[4] John, married
to Elizabeth De Lisle, daughter of the then lieutenant-bailiff of the
island; Henry, married to Susan Saumarez, sister of the late Admiral
Lord de Saumarez; and Mary, wife of John Le Marchant, Esq[5]
John Brock, Esq., born January 24, 1729, second son of the above-named
William, had by his wife, Elizabeth De Lisle, a very numerous family of
ten sons and four daughters, of whom eight sons and two daughters
reached maturity. He died in June, 1777, at Dinan, in Brittany, whither
he had gone for the benefit of the waters, at the early age of
forty-eight years.[6] In his youth he was a midshipman in the navy, and
in that capacity had made a voyage to India, which was then considered a
great undertaking. As he was possessed of much activity of mind and
considerable talent, his death was an irreparable loss to his children,
who were of an age to require all the care and counsels of a father; the
eldest, John, having only completed his seventeenth year. They were left
in independent, if not in affluent, circumstances; but the fond
indulgence of a widowed mother, who could deny them no enjoyment,
tended, notwithstanding their long minority, to diminish their
patrimony.
Isaac Brock, the eighth son, was born in the parish of St. Peter-Port,
Guernsey, on the 6th of October, 1769, the year which gave birth to
Napoleon and Wellington. In his boyhood he was, like his brothers,
unusually tall, robust, and precocious, and, with an appearance much
beyond his age, remarkable chiefly for extreme gentleness. In his
eleventh year he was sent to school at Southampton, and his education
was concluded by his being placed for a twelvemonth under a French
Protestant clergyman at Rotterdam, for the purpose of learning the
French language. His eldest brother, John, a lieutenant in the 8th, the
King's, regiment, being promoted to a company by purchase, Isaac
succeeded, also by purchase, to the ensigncy which consequently became
vacant in that regiment, and to which he was appointed on the 2d of
March, 1785, soon after he had completed his fifteenth year. He joined
in England, and was quartered there in different places for a few years.
Having entered the army at so early an age, he happily felt sensible of
his deficiencies of education, and for a long period he devoted his
leisure mornings to study, locking the door of his room until one
o'clock, to prevent intrusion. In 1790 he was promoted to a
lieutenantcy, and was quartered in Guernsey and Jersey. At the close of
that year he obtained an independent company, by raising the requisite
number of men to complete it, and was put on half pay. He exchanged soon
after, by giving the difference, into the 49th, which regiment he joined
at Barbadoes, in 1791, and he remained doing duty there, and afterwards
at Jamaica, until 1793, when he was compelled to return very suddenly to
England on sick leave, having nearly fallen a victim to the pestilential
effects of the climate, and an immediate embarkation being pronounced
his only chance of recovery. His first cousin, Lieutenant Henry Brock,
of the 13th foot, who was ill at the same time at Jamaica, died of the
fever; and the survivor always thought that he was indebted for his life
to the affectionate attentions of his servant, Dobson, whom he
subsequently ever treated with the kindness of a brother, until he died
in his service shortly before himself, in Canada. The mention of the
following trait of great determination of character may serve as a guide
to other young officers, similarly circumstanced. When Captain Brock
joined the 49th, the peace of the regiment was disturbed by one of those
vile pests of society--a confirmed duellist. Captain Brock soon proved
to his brother captain, who took advantage of being a dead shot, that he
was neither to be bullied nor intimidated, and the consequence was a
challenge from the latter, which was promptly accepted. On the ground,
Captain Brock, who was very tall and athletic, observed that to stand at
twelve paces was not to meet his antagonist on any thing like equal
terms, and, producing a handkerchief, insisted on firing across it. This
the duellist positively declined, and being in consequence soon after
compelled to leave the regiment, the officers were thus relieved, by the
firm and resolute conduct of a very young man, of the presence of one
with whom all social intercourse had previously been difficult and
dangerous. On his return from Jamaica, Captain Brock was employed on the
recruiting service in England, and afterwards in charge of a number of
recruits at Jersey. On the 24th June, 1795, he purchased his majority,
and remained in command of the recruits until the return of the regiment
to England the following year. On the 25th of October, 1797, just after
he had completed his twenty-eighth year, Major Brock purchased his
lieutenant-colonelcy, and soon after became senior lieut.-colonel of the
49th. This was very rapid promotion for one who had not only entered the
army during a period of profound peace, but had been five years an
ensign, and, having no interest excepting that which his own merit might
have procured him, he was generally considered at that time as one of
the most fortunate officers in the service. In a little more than seven
years, he had risen from an ensign to be a lieut.-colonel. Owing to
gross mismanagement and peculation on the part of his predecessor, who
was in consequence recommended privately to sell out, if he did not wish
to stand the ordeal of a court martial, the regiment was sadly
disorganized; but the commander in chief, the late Duke of York, was
heard to declare that Lieut.-Colonel Brock, from one of the worst, had
made the 49th one of the best regiments in the service.
In 1798, the 49th was quartered in Jersey, whence it proceeded, to
England early the following year, to take part in the projected
expedition to Holland, as in 1799 the British Government determined on
sending a strong military force to that country, then in alliance with
the French republic, which force was to be joined by a Russian army. The
first English division, consisting of twelve battalions of infantry,
among which was the 49th, and a small body of cavalry, assembled at
Southampton under Sir Ralph Abercromby, and, having embarked, finally
sailed from the Downs early in August. On the 26th of that month, the
fleet, consisting of fifteen ships of the line, from forty-five to fifty
frigates, sloops, and smaller vessels of war, and about one hundred and
thirty sail of transports, anchored along the coast of North Holland,
from the mouth of the Texel as far as Calants-Oge. Early the next
morning, the flank companies were landed, under the protection of the
guns of the fleet. An engagement commenced as the British were about to
march forward; but being continually reinforced by the arrival of fresh
troops, they compelled the enemy to retreat. This warm engagement lasted
till four o'clock in the afternoon, and cost the British about 1,000
men. Sir Ralph Abercromby, having become master of the point, or
peninsula, of the Helder, completed his landing, entrenched his advanced
posts toward the right, and occupied with his left the point of the
Helder, and the batteries there which had been evacuated. In these
positions he awaited the arrival of the second division, under the Duke
of York, the commander-in-chief, which remained in England until news
were received of the landing of the first on the coast of Holland. These
two divisions were composed of thirty battalions of infantry, of 600 men
each, 500 cavalry, and a fine train of artillery.[7] During this
campaign, Lieut.-Colonel Brock distinguished himself in command of his
regiment, which, on the 2d of October, in the battle of Egmont-op-Zee,
or Bergen, had Captain Archer and Ensign Ginn killed; and Major
Hutchinson, Captains Sharp and Robins, Lieutenant Urquhart and Ensign
Hill, wounded; Lieutenant Johnston missing, and supposed to be killed,
exclusive of nearly one hundred non-commissioned officers and privates
killed and wounded.[8] In this action, Lieut.-Colonel Brock was slightly
wounded, although his name does not appear in the returns; and his life
was in all probability preserved by his wearing, as the weather was very
cold, a stout cotton handkerchief over a thick black silk cravat, both
of which were perforated by a bullet, and which prevented its entering
his neck: the violence of the blow was, however, so great, as to stun
and dismount him. The following letter contains some interesting
particulars relative to this campaign, and the part taken in it by the
49th.
_Lieutenant-Colonel Brock, 49th regiment, to his brother, brevet
Lieutenant-Colonel John Brock, 81st regiment, at the Cape of Good Hope_.
"LONDON, November 26, 1799.
"I was pretty constant in my correspondence with you whilst the
regiment was quartered at Portsmouth, and no opportunity
offered from thence direct to the Cape without taking letters
and newspapers from either Savery or myself, and often from
both; but the very active and busy life I have passed since put
an end to all such communications. Knowing, however, that you
will be gratified in hearing from my own pen the various
incidents which have occurred since that time, I proceed to
give you the substance of them. You will have seen in the
public prints that the 49th embarked among the first regiments
under Sir Ralph Abercromby, and that the army, amounting to
about 10,000 men, after beating the seas from the 8th to the
27th of August, effected a landing near the Helder; that the
enemy most unaccountably offered no opposition to our landing;
and that, after a well-contested fight of ten hours, he
retreated, and left us in quiet possession of the Heights,
extending the whole length of the Peninsula. The 4th Brigade,
under General Moore,[9] consisting of the Royals, 25th, 49th,
79th, and 92d, landed to the left, where the greatest
opposition was expected, as it was natural to suppose that so
essential an object as the Helder would be defended to the
last, but, to our utter astonishment, the enemy gave us no
annoyance; on the contrary, soon after the affair on the right
had terminated, he evacuated the town, which we took quiet
possession of the following morning, and with it the whole of
the fleet. The garrison, consisting of 1,600 men, could easily
have been intercepted had it not been for a large body of
cavalry and a number of cannon, which completely commanded a
plain of a mile and a half in breadth, necessary to be crossed
to get to them: as we had neither the one nor the other, it
would have been the height of folly to attempt it. The
regiments which distinguished themselves most on this occasion
were the 23d, 27th, and 55th. The evening of our landing, a
reinforcement of 5,000 men arrived, but could not disembark
until two days after, owing to the badness of the weather.
During all this time the troops lay exposed on the sand hills,
without the least shelter to cover them against the wind and
rain. At length the army moved forward eleven miles, and got
into cantonments along a canal extending the whole breadth of
the country, from the Zuyder sea on the one side to the main
ocean on the other, protected by an amazingly strong dyke,
running half a mile in front of the line. In this position we
remained unmolested until the 10th of September, on which day
the enemy made a most desperate attack in three columns, two on
the right and one on the centre of the line: he could not avoid
being beaten, as it was the most injudicious step imaginable,
and his loss was in proportion very great. The Guards, 20th,
and 40th, acted conspicuous parts in this affair. The 49th was
here again out of the way, with the exception indeed of Savery,
whom nothing could keep from going to see what was doing on the
right, and as it happened he proved of great use to Colonel
Smith,[10] whom he assisted from the field after being wounded.
The French soldier was taught to consider the British troops as
the most undisciplined rabble in the world, and he advanced
confident of conquest; but this affair, and others which
followed, made him very soon change his opinion. Nothing
remarkable occurred after this until the arrival of the Duke of
York with the remainder of the British troops and 16,000
Russians, which increased the army to about 35,000 men.
Continued rain, however, prevented any thing being done before
the 19th, when the whole army was put in motion. Sir Ralph took
12,000, of which the 4th Brigade formed a part, to the left on
the evening preceding, and got possession of the city of Horn
the following morning at daylight, without a shot being fired:
200 prisoners were taken. Horn is a very populous, handsome
city, and evidently in the interest of the Prince of Orange.
Nothing could exceed the joy of the inhabitants at our arrival,
and in proportion as they rejoiced they mourned our departure,
which took place before sun-set, in consequence of a fatal
disaster which had befallen the Russians on the right. They of
course threw the blame off their own shoulders, and wished to
attribute the whole misfortune to the want of concert and a
proper support on the part of the British; but I verily believe
the real fact to be this. After most gallantly driving the
enemy before them as far as Bergen, where it was previously
arranged they should halt, they dispersed for the sake of
plunder;--the French, hearing of this disorder, renewed the
attack, and never gave the Russians an opportunity to form, but
continued driving them with the bayonet until they encountered
a body of English, under General Manners and Prince William,
whose brigades suffered considerably. The Russians were,
however, thus happily enabled to effect their retreat without
further molestation; they were certainly the original cause of
this disaster, but whether the British were sufficiently brisk
in coming to their assistance, is doubted. The Russians in
their persons are rather short of stature, and very thick and
clumsy; they have nothing expressive in their features, but
resemble much the Chinese countenance. I remarked an exception
to this rule in a grenadier battalion, who, with tall, elegant
persons, possessed remarkably fine, commanding faces. The
officers in general are the most despicable wretches I ever
saw: accustomed, as they have always been, to fight with troops
much inferior to themselves, they thought themselves
invincible. They take the field with an immense number of
artillery, with which they cover their front and flanks, and
thus never dreamed it possible, from their former experience,
for troops to rally after being once beaten. This fatal
security was the cause of the misfortune which befell the
allies on the 19th. After the retreat from Horn, the 4th
brigade took its station on the right, preparatory evidently to
being actively employed; accordingly, on the 2d of October, the
weather not permitting it sooner, the brigade assembled before
daylight at Petten, and formed the advanced guard of a column,
consisting of 10,000 men, which was to proceed along the beach
to Egmont-op-Zee. After every thing had been properly arranged,
it moved forward, supported by 1,000 cavalry, under Lord Paget.
It was intended that the reserve, under Colonel M'Donald,
should cover our flank, and that the column should rapidly
advance to Egmont, in order to turn the flank of the enemy at
Bergen. This was, however, prevented by a strong body of the
enemy, who engaged the reserve the moment it ascended the sand
hills; and although he retreated before the reserve, he
constrained Colonel M'Donald to follow in a different direction
to that intended, thereby leaving our left flank uncovered. But
this did not impede our moving forward, and it was not until we
had proceeded five or six miles that we found the least
opposition. The enemy then appeared in small force, and the
25th was ordered up the sand hills, but, he having increased,
the 79th followed, and it was not long before the 49th was also
ordered to form on the left of that regiment. It is impossible
to give you an adequate idea of the nature of the ground, which
I can only compare to the sea in a storm. On my getting to the
left of the 79th, I found that its flank was already turned,
and that the ground, which we were to occupy, did not afford
the least shelter: my determination was instantly taken. I had
gone on horseback to view the ground, and on my return to the
regiment, which I met advancing, I found the left actually
engaged with the enemy, who had advanced much beyond our left.
I, however, continued advancing with six companies, and left
Colonel Sheaffe with the other four to cover our left: the
instant I came up to the 79th, I ordered a charge, which I
assure you was executed with the greatest gallantry, though not
in the greatest order, as the nature of the ground admitted of
none. The enemy, however, gave way on every side, and our loss
would have been very trifling had the 79th charged
straightforward; but unfortunately it followed the course the
49th had taken, thereby leaving our right entirely exposed. I
detached Lord Aylmer[11] with the grenadiers, who, after
charging different times, totally cleared our right. The 25th
then advanced, and behaved with the greatest good conduct. The
enemy after this never attempted to make a stand, but continued
to retreat, and their loss on this occasion was very
considerable. Nothing could exceed the gallantry of the 25th,
49th, 79th, and 92d. For my own part, I had every reason to be
satisfied with the conduct of both officers and men, and no
commanding officer could be more handsomely supported than I
was on that day, ever glorious to the 49th. Poor Archer brought
his company to the attack in a most soldierlike manner; and
even after he had received his mortal wound, he animated his
men, calling on them to go on to victory, to glory; and no
order could be more effectually obeyed: he is an irreparable
loss to the service. I got knocked down soon after the enemy
began to retreat, but never quitted the field, and returned to
my duty in less than half an hour. Savery acted during the
whole day as aide-de-camp either to Sir Ralph or Moore, and
nothing could surpass his activity and gallantry. He had a
horse shot under him, and had all this been in his line, he
must have been particularly noticed, as he has become the
astonishment of all who saw him. We remained that night and the
following on the sand hills; you cannot conceive our wretched
state, as it blew and rained nearly the whole time. Our men
bore all this without grumbling, although they had nothing to
eat but the biscuits they carried with them, which by this time
were completely wet. We at length got into Egmont, and on the
following day (5th) into Alkmaar, where we enjoyed ourselves
amazingly. Alkmaar is a most delightful city; but the
inhabitants are rank patriots, and none of the higher class
remained to welcome our arrival. The following day another
engagement ensued,[12] in consequence of the Russians advancing
further than they were ordered to do: during this severe
contest we were snugly in church. It is extraordinary that both
parties were so beaten as to find a retreat necessary, as while
we retreated to our old position, the enemy was also in full
retreat. I shall say no more of the expedition to Holland, as
what remains to be added, you will see fully detailed in the
papers. I go to Norwich, where the regiment is quartered, this
evening. Another expedition is talked of, under Lord Moira.
Adieu."
In the battle of Egmont-op-Zee, seven pieces of cannon, a great number
of tumbrils, and a few hundred prisoners, were taken, and the loss of
the enemy was estimated as exceeding 4,000 men. Major-General Moore, in
whose brigade was the 49th, although severely wounded through the thigh,
continued in action for nearly two hours, until a second wound in the
face obliged him to quit the field. In his dispatch relative to this
battle, the Duke of York observed, that "under Divine Providence this
signal victory obtained over the enemy, is to be attributed to the
animating and persevering exertions which have at all times been the
characteristics of the British soldier, and which on no occasion were
ever more eminently displayed." The following extract from this
dispatch, dated Alkmaar, 6th of October, will shew the part borne in the
engagement by Sir Ralph Abercromby's division, in which was
Major-General Moore's brigade.
"This was the last event which took place on the side of
Bergen; and, as the close of the day was fast approaching,
Colonel Macdonald with two battalions was sent to the support
of General Sir Ralph Abercromby. The heights of the sand hills,
surrounding Bergen for about three miles, remained crowned and
possessed by about eleven British battalions. General Sir
Ralph Abercromby had marched, according to the disposition,
along the beach, with Major-General D'Oyley's, Major-General
Moore's, and Major General Lord Cavan's brigades, the cavalry
and horse artillery, (the reserve under Colonel Macdonald not
having been able, owing to the great extent of the sand hills,
to rejoin him, after turning to the left at Campe.) The main
body of Sir Ralph Abercromby's column had proceeded, without
meeting with much resistance, in the early part of the day, but
was nevertheless much inconvenienced, and his troops harassed,
by the necessity of detaching continually into the sand hills
to his left, to cover that flank against the troops whom the
enemy had placed in the sand hills. The admirable disposition,
however, which he made of his troops, and their determined
spirit and gallantry, enabled him to arrive within a mile of
Egmont. Here he was seriously opposed by a very considerable
corps of French infantry, which occupied Egmont-op-Zee, and the
high sand hills in its front, and who had formed a very strong
corps of cavalry and artillery to their left. The engagement
was maintained during several hours with the greatest
obstinacy; and in no instance were the abilities of a
commander, or the heroic perseverance of troops in so difficult
and trying a situation, more highly conspicuous. Animated by
the example of General Sir Ralph Abercromby, and the generals
and officers under him, the troops sustained every effort made
upon them by an enemy then superior in numbers, and much
favoured by the strength of his position. Late in the evening,
the enemy's cavalry, having been defeated in an attempt which
they made upon the British horse artillery on the beach, and
having been charged by the cavalry under Colonel Lord Paget,
was driven, with considerable loss, nearly to Egmont-op-Zee;
his efforts then relaxed considerably on the right; and General
Sir Ralph Abercromby, having soon after been joined by the
reinforcements under Colonel Macdonald, took post upon the
sand hills and the beach, within a very short distance of
Egmont-op-Zee, where the troops lay upon their arms during the
night."
In the battle of the 6th of October, in which the 49th was not engaged,
the English and Russians, after gaining some advantage, were suddenly
charged by the enemy's cavalry and separated, so that they could neither
support each other nor retain the ground which they had gained. The
allied armies were repulsed beyond Baccum, after having sustained a very
severe loss; and as they were unable either to advance or to draw any
resources from the country in their possession, their supplies were
necessarily obtained from the fleet. The Duke of York, therefore,
assembled a council of war, whose decision was, that the allied forces
should fall back and wait the instructions of the British Government. As
the season was so far advanced, as the approach of winter was daily
making the navigation of the coast more dangerous, and as there was no
time to effect diversions or to change the plan of operations, the Duke
of York was ordered to evacuate the country. In the meanwhile, as the
English and Russians concentrated themselves behind their entrenchments
at the Zyp, the enemy pressed upon them, and the Duke of York sent a
flag of truce to General Brune, proposing a capitulation on the basis of
an armistice, or of the free embarkation of his army. This was agreed to
at Alkmaar, on the 18th of October, and thus ended this memorable
expedition, the most considerable that had been attempted in modern
times up to that period. As the introduction of foreign troops into
England was prohibited by the Bill of Rights, the Russians were sent to
the islands of Jersey and Guernsey, the season not admitting of their
return home. About 6,000 were quartered in the latter island, where a
disease, contracted by exposure to the marshy grounds of Holland,
carried off some hundreds, who were buried at the foot of the hill on
which stands Vale Castle, and where their graves are still to be seen.
Their conduct in Guernsey was at first peaceable and orderly;--the
inhabitants were surprised at seeing them eat the grease from the cart
wheels, and they were also excessively fond of ardent spirits; and,
having plenty of money, they indulged in them freely, swallowing large
draughts in a raw state. But in June, 1800, while the transports were in
the roads to convey them to Russia, a soldier, who was robbing
vegetables on a small farm, which had been frequently plundered by his
comrades before, was fired at and wounded by the proprietor. This so
exasperated the whole body, that fears were entertained of their
revenging themselves on the inhabitants generally; and as the British
garrison was very small, it required all the tact and conciliation of
the lieutenant-governor, Sir Hew Dalrymple, to prevent an outbreak. The
Russians embarked, but the guns at Castle Cornet were kept shotted to
prevent their relanding.[13] The 49th, on the return of the expedition
from Holland, after remaining a short time in England, was again
quartered in Jersey, where the fine person and manly bearing of
Lieut.-Colonel Brock are still favorably remembered. In return for the
many attentions which he and his officers received in that island, he
obtained an ensigncy in his own regiment for a young man resident there,
whom he afterwards pushed forward in the service, and who died recently
a major-general and a companion of the bath. Early in the year 1801, the
49th was embarked in the fleet destined for the Baltic, under Sir Hyde
Parker; and Lieut.-Colonel Brock was second in command of the land
forces at the memorable attack of Copenhagen, by Lord Nelson, on the 2d
of April. He was appointed to lead the 49th in storming the principal of
the Treckroner batteries, in conjunction with five hundred seamen, under
Captain Fremantle,[14] of the Ganges, of 74 guns; but the protracted and
heroic defence of the Danes rendering the attempt impracticable, Colonel
Brock, during the hard-fought battle, remained on board the Ganges; and
at its close he accompanied Captain Fremantle to the Elephant, 74,
Nelson's flag ship, where he saw the hero[15] write his celebrated
letter to the Crown Prince of Denmark. Savery Brock was also on board
the Ganges, and while in the act of pointing one of her quarter deck
guns, his cocked hat was torn from his head by a grape shot: a naval
officer, who was present, afterwards described the scene which followed
this narrow escape in these words: "I now hear Sir Isaac exclaim, 'Ah!
poor Savery is dead!' But Savery was not an instant on his back; in the
same moment he rubbed his head, assured his brother that he was not
injured, and fired the gun with as much coolness as if nothing had
happened." The effect of the shot passing so near him was such that,
although a remarkably powerful young man, six feet two inches in height,
he was knocked down and stunned for the moment. Of the 49th, Captain
Sharp was badly wounded on board of the Bellona, and Lieutenant Dennis
was wounded on board of the Monarch, which ship had 55 killed and 155
wounded, exclusive of officers, but including 8 soldiers of the 49th
killed, and 20 wounded. In addition to the 49th was a detachment of the
95th, rifles--consisting, we believe, of two companies--under
Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable William Stewart,[16] who was senior officer
of the troops embarked. As such his name was included in the thanks of
Parliament; but we cannot understand why a lieutenant-colonel, with only
two companies, was placed over the head of an officer of equal rank with
his entire regiment, unless indeed the cause was that Lieut.-Colonel
Brock was not an "honorable!" We are not aware that he ever complained
of what appears to us to have been an act of injustice to him, and we
may therefore be wrong in our view of the subject. The British loss, in
killed and wounded, was 953, or 58 more than fell at the battle of the
Nile. In mentioning the loss at Copenhagen, Southey, in his admirable
Life of Nelson, says, on what authority we know not: "Part of this
slaughter might have been spared. The commanding officer of the troops
on board one of our ships, asked where his men should be stationed? He
was told that they could be of no use; that they were not near enough
for musquetry, and were not wanted at the guns; they had, therefore,
better go below. This, he said, was impossible--it would be a disgrace
that could never be wiped away. They were, therefore, drawn up upon the
gangway, to satisfy this cruel point of honor; and there, without the
possibility of annoying the enemy, they were mowed down! The loss of the
Danes, including prisoners, amounted to about 6,000."
John Savery Brock, of whose gallantry mention is made in the preceding
pages, was the next younger brother of Lieut.-Colonel Brock, and had
been in the navy; but it being supposed that he was influential, in the
year 1790, in inducing his brother midshipmen, of the fleet at Spithead,
to sign a round robin against their being subjected to the practice of
mast-heading--one having been hoisted up to the gaff end in an
ignominous manner, because he refused to go to the mast head as a
punishment--he was recommended privately to retire from the service.[17]
Being at this time a tall and high spirited young man of eighteen, it is
not surprising that he deemed such a punishment unnecessarily degrading
to the feelings of an officer, and which has since been very properly
abolished. Had it not been for this circumstance, it is the opinion of a
naval officer of high rank, that Savery Brock would have distinguished
himself and risen to eminence in the navy during the late revolutionary
wars. Some little time after this affair, being in Guernsey, he wished
to go to England, and was offered a passage in the Amazon, frigate,
Captain Reynolds, afterwards Rear-Admiral Reynolds, who perished in the
St. George, of 98 guns, on her return from the Baltic, in 1811. The
Amazon, bound to Portsmouth, left the roadstead late in the afternoon,
and before she was clear of the small Russel--a dangerous passage--night
overtook her. By some accident the pilot mistook the bearings, owing to
the darkness and thick weather. Savery Brock, being acquainted with the
intricate course, was on the fore yard looking out, when he suddenly
espied some rocks towards which the frigate was steering. There was no
time for communication, and, without hesitating an instant, he cried
out in true nautical style: "H-a-r-d up, h-a-r-d up." "H-a-r-d up it
is," replied the helmsman. "H-a-r-d up," repeated Savery in a louder
key. "Gently, young man," said the captain, who was standing forward.
The ship fortunately bore away just in time to clear the rocks, and was
thus saved by the prompt interference of her passenger. We have often
heard him in his latter days tell the story with excusable pride, and he
especially remembered how the crew pointed him out the next morning to
each other, as the young man who had got the ship out of her danger. As
he was without employment, his brother Isaac subsequently procured him
the paymastership of the 49th, which he retained only three or four
years, the office being one quite unfitted to his previous education and
active mind. In 1808, his military zeal induced him to serve for a short
time as an amateur aide-de-camp to Sir John Moore, on the Peninsula. He
married and settled in Guernsey; and whether as a militia colonel, or in
the exercise of a generous hospitality, or, above all, as a projector
and zealous promoter of many public improvements in his native island,
his memory will long live in the recollection of its inhabitants.
When Kean performed in Guernsey, two or three years before his
appearance on the London boards, Savery Brock was enthusiastic in his
admiration, and predicted the future eminence of that celebrated
tragedian, in whose memoirs his name is gratefully mentioned.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 2: With a slight variation, the field being gules instead of
azure. Motto, Vincit Veritas.]
[Footnote 3: Translation from the French by Lord Berners, vol. 2, chap.
39, 40. London Edition, 1815.]
[Footnote 4: The name of this ancient family, second to none in wealth
and station, became extinct in Guernsey, in 1810, on the death of Osmond
De Beauvoir, Esq., when his large property was inherited by distant
relatives.--_Duncan's History of Guernsey_.]
[Footnote 5: Major-General Le Marchant and his eldest son, a captain in
the Foot Guards, who both fell in Spain during the late war, and Captain
Philip Saumarez, who was Lord Anson's first lieutenant in the Centurion,
and was slain in 1747, while commanding the Nottingham, of 64 guns, were
members of those families.]
[Footnote 6: Brock street, at Bath, was named after him by the
projector, in testimony of friendship.]
[Footnote 7: New Annual Register for 1799, page 395.]
[Footnote 8: See the returns in the New Annual Register, for 1799,
Principal Occurrences, page 143. Singularly enough, the loss of the
non-commissioned officers and privates in each corps is not given, but
the casualties among the officers of the 49th exceeded those of any
other regiment engaged on this day, with the exception of the 25th and
92d.]
[Footnote 9: Afterwards Sir John Moore, who fell at Corunna.]
[Footnote 10: Lieut.-Colonel Smith, commanding the 20th, a native of
Guernsey, afterwards Colonel Sir George Smith, aide-de-camp to the king.
He died at Cadiz, in 1809, and was a distinguished officer.]
[Footnote 11: The present General Lord Aylmer, G.C.B., formerly
governor-general of British North America. He was then a captain in the
49th. See Appendix A, Sec. 1, No. 1.]
[Footnote 12: In this engagement, the gallant Lieut.-Colonel Bainbrigge,
of the 20th, was killed. He married Miss Dobrée, of Beauregard,
Guernsey.]
[Footnote 13: Duncan's History of Guernsey.]
[Footnote 14: The late Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Fremantle, G.C.B.]
[Footnote 15: It is worthy of remark, that Lieut.-Colonel Brock's almost
immediate superiors, during his active service in Europe, fell like
himself in action, as knights of the bath, viz. Sir Ralph Abereromby,
Lord Nelson, and Sir John Moore.]
[Footnote 16: Afterwards Sir W. Stewart, G.C.B., who commanded a
division in the Peninsular war.]
[Footnote 17: While the above was in type, the Duke of Rutland visited
Guernsey in his yacht, and wrote the following note at Detroit, the
residence of the once outcast middy, on whom, while we write this, the
hand of death is but too apparent: "The Duke of Rutland called to pay
his respects to Mr. Savery Brock, and sincerely regrets to find that he
is so unwell. Saturday, July 13, 1844."]
CHAPTER II.
The 49th, on its return from Copenhagen to England, was collected at
Colchester, and in the spring following, (1802,) the regiment sailed for
Canada, which country was destined to bestow on it many additional
laurels, as well as to be the scene of the fame and death of its
commanding officer. In less than eighteen months after the arrival of
the 49th in Canada, and while it was quartered in the upper province, a
serious conspiracy was on the point of breaking out in that part of the
regiment which was in garrison at Fort George, on the Niagara, under the
command of the junior lieutenant-colonel, the head quarters being, we
believe, at York, the capital. This officer, it seems, more by useless
annoyance than by actual severity, had exasperated the men under his
command to that degree that they formed a plot to murder all the
officers present, with the exception of a young man who had recently
joined; and then to cross over to the United States. Far be it from us
to justify the intention, which indeed was highly criminal; but in all
such extreme cases we hold that a sad abuse of power, or a gross want of
tact, must be the exciting cause, and that even in the passive obedience
of a military life, there may be a limit to human endurance. The
proximity of the United States rendered this plot a very feasible one,
as the men in a body could have crossed the river Niagara without
molestation or difficulty. The suspicions of the officer in command
having been aroused, he hastily wrote to Lieut.-Colonel Brock on the
subject, and sent his letter by one of the men, who delivered it as the
latter officer was shooting, or on his return from a shooting excursion.
On reading the letter, and knowing from the character of the man that he
must be engaged in the conspiracy, if there were any, he threatened to
shoot him on the spot, if he did not instantly divulge the names of the
ringleaders. The man, thus taken by surprise, did as he was ordered, and
Lieut.-Colonel Brock hurried off to Fort George. On his arrival he found
the men at dinner, and placing the officers with their drawn swords at
the doors, he went into the rooms with handcuffs, and secured the most
culpable, among whom was a sergeant, none offering the slightest
resistance. The ringleaders were immediately embarked, so as to prevent
any attempt at their rescue.[18] On being tried by a court martial, four
were condemned to suffer death, and, with three deserters, were shot at
Quebec, in presence of the garrison, early in the month of March, 1804.
A most awful and affecting sight it was: the wind was easterly, strong,
and cold,--a thick drift of snow added to the gloom,--and, as if to
increase the horror of the scene, a few of the firing party, fifty-six
in number, instead of advancing to within eight yards of the prisoners,
as was intended, owing to some mistake commenced firing at the distance
of at least fifty yards. The consequence was, that the unhappy wretches
were only partially wounded, and dropped one after another. Nearly forty
shots were fired before one poor fellow in the centre fell, although he
was wounded through the abdomen at the first discharge. The men who had
reserved their fire, were at length ordered up, and, lodging the
contents of their muskets in the breasts of the culprits, by that means
put them out of torture. The unfortunate sufferers declared publicly
that, had they continued under the command of Colonel Brock, they would
have escaped their melancholy end; and, as may be easily conceived, he
felt no little anguish that they, who had so recently and so bravely
fought under him in Holland and at Copenhagen, were thus doomed to end
their lives, the victims of unruly passions inflamed by vexatious
authority. He was now directed to assume the command at Fort George, and
all complaint and desertion instantly ceased.
In the fall of 1805, in October of which year he was made a full
colonel, Colonel Brock returned to Europe on leave; and early in the
following year, he laid before his royal highness the
commander-in-chief the outlines of a plan for the formation of a
veteran battalion, to serve in the Canadas. In support of the plan he
wrote:
"The advantages which may attend the establishment of a corps
such as is here recommended, will be perhaps more clearly
understood by first adverting to some of the causes that
produce the inconvenience to which the troops occupying the
frontier posts of that country are continually exposed.
"A regiment quartered in Upper Canada is generally divided into
eight different parts, several hundred miles asunder, and in
this situation it remains at least three years. Great as is the
evil incidental to a state of separation, even where the mind
is in no danger of being debauched, what may not be apprehended
in a country where both the divided state of the regiment, and
the artifices employed to wean the soldier from his duty,
conspire to render almost ineffectual every effort of the
officers to maintain the usual degree of order and discipline.
The lures to desertion continually thrown out by the Americans,
and the facility with which it can be accomplished, exacting a
more than ordinary precaution on the part of the officers,
insensibly produce mistrust between them and the men, highly
prejudicial to the service.
"Experience has taught me that no regular regiment, however
high its claim to discipline, can occupy the frontier posts of
Lower and Upper Canada without suffering materially in its
numbers. It might have been otherwise some years ago; but now
that the country, particularly the opposite shore, is chiefly
inhabited by the vilest characters, who have an interest in
debauching the soldier from his duty; since roads are opened
into the interior of the States, which facilitate desertion, it
is impossible to avoid the contagion. A total change must be
effected in the minds and views of those who may hereafter be
sent on this duty, before the evil can be surmounted."
In a letter from Lieut.-Colonel Gordon, dated Horse Guards, January 17,
1806, Colonel Brock received the Duke of York's "thanks for the
communication of his very sensible observations respecting the
distribution of the troops in Canada, which his royal highness will not
fail to take into consideration at a seasonable opportunity."[19]
While on a visit to his family and friends in Guernsey, Colonel Brock
deemed the intelligence from the United States to be of so warlike a
character, that he resolved on returning to Canada before his leave was
expired; and such was his anxiety to be at his post, that he overtook at
Cork the Lady Saumarez, a Guernsey vessel, well manned and armed as a
letter of marque, bound to Quebec. He left London on the 26th June,
1806, and hurried away from Europe never to return--never to revisit
those who fondly loved him, not only from ties of kindred, but for his
many endearing qualities; but he had the satisfaction of knowing that
the commander-in-chief was much pleased with the zeal and devotion
evinced by him on this occasion.
Soon after his arrival in Canada, Colonel Brock succeeded, on the 27th
September, 1806, to the command of the troops in the two provinces,
Colonel Bowes[20] having resigned that command on his departure for
England. At this time, the civil government of the lower province was
administered by Mr. President Dunn, and Colonel Brock resided at Quebec,
in command of the forces, until the arrival of the governor-general, Sir
James Craig, in October, 1807, who appointed him to act as a brigadier,
which appointment was confirmed by the king, to date from the 2d of
July, 1808.
_Colonel Brock to Lieut.-Colonel J.W. Gordon._
QUEBEC, September 28, 1806.
I have the honor to acquaint you, for the information of the
commander-in-chief, that Colonel Bowes, preparatory to his
departure for England, has resigned the command of his
majesty's forces in this country, which, as the next senior
officer, devolves on me.
I find great pleasure in reporting to his royal highness the
good order and discipline which, much to the credit of
Lieut.-Colonel Sheaffe, I found on my arrival to prevail
among the eight companies of the 49th regiment, quartered in
this garrison.
It has been the fate of the 49th to be divided, for the last
four years and a half, several hundred miles apart, and
however anxious I must be to assemble the whole together, I
have not, considering the youth of the 100th regiment, which
alone affords me the means of effecting that measure, thought
it prudent to withdraw the company stationed at St. John's and
the other frontier posts of this province, but the one at
Montreal will be relieved this autumn.
Colonel Bowes having complied with Lieut.-Colonel Otway's
earnest application for leave to return to England, I have
appointed Captain Ormsby, of the 49th regiment, an officer of
approved merit, to act as deputy adjutant-general during his
absence; an arrangement which, I presume to hope, his royal
highness will be graciously pleased to sanction.
_Colonel Brock to the Right Hon. W. Windham._
QUEBEC, February 12, 1807.
I have the honor to transmit for your consideration a proposal
of Lieut.-Colonel John M'Donald, late of the Royal Canadian
Volunteers, for raising a corps among the Scotch settlers in
the county of Glengary, Upper Canada.
When it is considered that both the Canadas furnish only two
hundred militia who are trained to arms, the advantages to be
derived from such an establishment must appear very, evident.
The military force in this country is very small, and were it
possible to collect it in time to oppose any serious attempt
upon Quebec, the only tenable post, the number would of itself
be insufficient to ensure a vigorous defence.
This corps, being stationed on the confines of the Lower
Province, would be always immediately and essentially useful
in checking any seditious disposition, which the wavering
sentiments of a large population in the Montreal district
might at any time manifest. In the event of invasion, or other
emergency, this force could be easily and expeditiously
transported by water to Quebec.
The extent of country which these settlers occupy, would make
the permanent establishment of the staff and one sergeant in
each company very advisable. I shall not presume to say how
far the claims of the field officers to the same indulgence
are reasonable and expedient.
In regard to the Rev. Alexander M'Donald, I beg leave to
observe, that the men being all Catholics, it may be deemed a
prudent measure to appoint him chaplain. His zeal and
attachment to Government were strongly evinced whilst filling
the office of chaplain to the Glengary Fencibles during the
rebellion in Ireland, and were graciously acknowledged by his
royal highness the commander-in-chief.
His influence over the men is deservedly great, and I have
every reason to think that the corps, by his exertions, would
be soon completed, and hereafter become a nursery from which
the army might draw a number of hardy recruits.
* * * * *
The following letter affords a good idea of the confidential report of a
general officer on the state of a regiment after its periodical
inspection.
_Colonel Brock to the Adjutant-General of His Majesty's Forces._
QUEBEC, March 17, 1807.
In obedience to the commander-in-chief's commands,
communicated to me in your letter dated 20th November last, I
shall proceed to state, for His Royal Highness's information,
such observations as a strict attention to the conduct and
interior economy of the 100th[21] regiment during the
preceding six months has enabled me to make.
The greatest praise is justly due to Lieut.-Colonel Murray,
who has commanded, with only a short interval, from the first
formation of the regiment to the present time, for his
unremitting care and attention to the several important duties
of his office.
The good effects of his exertions and intelligence are
strikingly visible in every department of the corps. He has
been ably supported by Major Hamilton and the rest of his
officers, who on all occasions evince the utmost zeal for the
service, and the highest respect and attachment towards his
person. He has succeeded in establishing an interior
discipline and economy, which I have never before witnessed in
so young a corps, and scarcely seen surpassed by any, and in a
way too the most satisfactory to the feelings of an officer.
Although I trust the garrison duty at Quebec is carried on
with every regard to the safety of the place, together with
the strictest attention to all prescribed forms and
regulations, yet the winter has nearly passed without a single
instance of neglect or misconduct having occurred among the
100th regiment; and it is a pleasing task to report, that so
exemplarily have the men behaved, that, even regimentally,
only one corporal punishment has been inflicted for the last
three months.
I am now speaking of men who, being nearly all Irish, are of
all others the most volatile and easily led astray. Should
they, therefore, hereafter be seduced by the various
temptations by which they are surrounded, I hope to escape the
imputation of judging too hastily and partially. The men were
principally raised in the north of Ireland, and are nearly all
Protestants; they are robust, active, and good looking.
The troops in this country are precluded, by the severity of
the climate during seven months in the year, from exercising
out of doors: it cannot, therefore, be expected that the 100th
regiment can, considering the little practice it has had in
the field, and after such a long interval, be very expert in
its manoeuvres; but as Lieut.-Colonel Murray possesses both
capacity and inclination, and as a good foundation is already
laid, the most rapid progress may be expected so soon as the
season enables him to commence his labours.
A large room has been allotted in the barracks to the purposes
of drilling with arms, from which the garrison has derived
essential benefit.
The clothing for the present year is all fitted, and appears
very good. Every man is provided with a great coat, agreeably
to His Majesty's regulations; but as the great coat is
necessarily worn on all occasions for six months in the year,
it cannot by the strictest economy be made to last the
specified time. Those of the 100th have been two years in
wear, and are so far expended, that they will become wholly
unserviceable before next winter. I know of no other
alternative but supplying others at the charge of the men,
which opinion I have given to Lieut.-Colonel Murray, who
applied to me on the subject.
The messes have been all along abundantly provided. Indeed,
the soldiers in this country live in a perfect state of luxury
unknown any where else.
The non-commissioned officers and privates acknowledge to have
received every thing which is their due in respect to pay and
clothing. One man claims a part of his bounty, which, he says,
has been withheld. A regimental court martial has already
decided against him, but the business shall again be
investigated by a garrison court martial.
Lieut.-Colonel Murray has reported to me, that there are
several men in his regiment who claim bounty, but as only one
complained at the inspection, the remainder must be satisfied
that he is doing his utmost to recover what is actually their
due.
The hospital is in as complete order as the house which has
been hired for that purpose can admit. Indeed, the troops in
garrison are much inconvenienced for want of permanent
hospitals. There were three cases of fever; the remainder of
the patients were chiefly attacked with a disease too
prevalent among young soldiers. Three men are unfit for
service, being frost-bitten.
The men are supplied with necessaries in conformity to his
majesty's regulations.
_Colonel Brock to the Adjutant-General of His Majesty's Forces._
QUEBEC, July 1, 1807.
I have the honor to transmit herewith the inspection return of
the 41st regiment for two distinct periods, viz. September 1,
1806, and March 1, 1807.
Some inaccuracies being found in the September return
previously received, it was sent back to Lieut.-Colonel
Proctor, at Fort George, for correction. This circumstance and
the distance of the place, account for the delay which has
occurred in complying, in the present instance, with the
commands of his royal highness the commander-in-chief.
The very great distance of the quarters the 41st now occupy,
has prevented my making personally the periodical inspection
of that regiment required by my instructions. But its
dispersed state and the many evils by which it is surrounded
will, however great the zeal and intelligence of
Lieut.-Colonel Proctor and the other officers, so far affect
the discipline and morals of the men, as to justify my saying
that both the one and the other must, without the possibility
of a remedy, progressively suffer in proportion as the
regiment remains stationed in the Upper Province. The 41st
regiment, having a considerable number of old soldiers, is
better calculated for that service than either the 49th or
100th regiments, and no change is therefore meditated.
Not being possessed with the means of making a more
circumstantial report of the state of the 41st regiment, I
have only to add, in justice to the officers commanding posts,
that they evince in their communications with head quarters
much attention and sound judgment.
Contemplating the probable arrival of a general officer by the
fleet daily expected from England, I have so far presumed to
deviate from my instructions as to postpone making the
periodical inspection of the regiments quartered in this
garrison, conceiving that his royal highness the
commander-in-chief would esteem a report coming from such a
high source more satisfactory, than if I were to undertake the
task in my present situation, which may naturally be supposed,
in some degree, to bias my judgment.
* * * * *
On the 17th July, 1807, in consequence of an expected rupture between
England and the United States, Colonel Brock addressed a letter to Mr.
President Dunn, in which he said that the number of militia armed and
instructed in the province did not exceed 300, while he thought that as
many thousands could easily, and with perfect safety, be formed into
corps; and that Quebec, the only military post in the country, was not
in a condition to make much defence against an active enemy, as the
walls on the western side were old and decayed, and could not possibly
sustain a continued heavy fire. He added, that he wished to throw up
such works as would remedy this glaring defect; but as the garrison was
totally inadequate to such an undertaking, he required from 600 to 1,000
men every day for six weeks or two months, besides a vast number of
carts, &c., to complete the necessary defences of the citadel. This
letter being submitted to the council, that body replied, that the only
means by which assistance could be given by the civil government to the
military, in the manner proposed by Colonel Brock, would be by embodying
a proportion of the militia according to law, the men for which service
must be taken from different parts of the province. And that as this
measure had only once before been resorted to in the province, on which
occasion a decided disobedience was generally manifested, and was again
to be anticipated, the council inquired of Colonel Brock whether he had
the means, and would furnish them, to enforce the attendance of the
militia, who, when embodied, were entitled to the same pay and
allowances as the king's troops. The council further informed Colonel
Brock that it would meet again the next day, for the purpose of taking
into consideration any representation, in writing, which he might think
proper to make in answer to their communication, and that, if convenient
to him, they requested his personal attendance. His reply was as
follows:
QUEBEC, 23d July, 1807.
Colonel Brock has perused with attention the proceedings of
his honor the president in council, communicated to him by Mr.
Ryland, and begs leave to observe, that in addressing his
honor on the 17th instant, it was far from his intention to
assume a political character.
His sole object was to state the assistance required by the
military to remedy a glaring defect in the fortifications of
Quebec, should his honor conceive that preparatory measures
were necessary to be adopted in consequence of the event which
recently occurred between his majesty's ship Leopard and the
American frigate Chesapeake, but more particularly the
subsequent aggressive provisions contained in the proclamation
of the American government.
In thus complying with the dictates of his duty, Colonel Brock
was not prepared to hear that the population of the province,
instead of affording him ready and effectual support, might
probably add to the number of his enemies; and he feels much
disappointment in being informed by the first authority, that
the only law in any degree calculated to answer the end
proposed was likely, if attempted to be enforced, to meet with
such general opposition as to require the aid of the military
to give it even a momentary impulse.
Colonel Brock is therefore obliged to observe, that the
officer commanding certainly would not choose the time when
the troops may every instant be called upon for the defence of
Quebec, to disperse them over the country in aid of the civil
government, coercively collecting a body of men, which, under
such circumstances, would be of more detriment than service to
the regular army. Colonel Brock cannot, therefore, look for
any assistance from that quarter, but, should an emergency
arise, he is confident that voluntary offers of service will
be made by a considerable number of brave and loyal subjects,
and feels himself justified in saying, that even now several
gentlemen are ready to come forward and enroll into companies
men on whose fidelity they can safely rely.
It remains with his honor to determine the degree of
countenance which ought to be given to such sentiments.
Colonel Brock will be at all times proud to attend
deliberations of his honor in council.
_Colonel Brock to Lord Viscount Castlereagh._
QUEBEC, July 25, 1807.
I think it my duty to transmit for your lordship's information
a copy of the communication that has passed between his honor
the president and me, relative to the military situation of
this country.
Your Lordship will perceive from the minutes of the council,
how very inadequate the militia law is to afford assistance to
the regular force, and the degree of dependance that may be
placed on the population of this province.
My own observations, however, enable me to assure your
Lordship, that a respectable force might be trained and
rendered exceedingly useful on any exigency, were the least
encouragement given to the spirit which at present pervades a
certain class to volunteer their services.
To such characters arms might be safely entrusted, but I
certainly would consider an indiscriminate distribution to the
militia, were it possible to collect it, as highly imprudent
and dangerous.
What I stated to his honor the president respecting the
weakness of the works along the whole of the west front of
this garrison, is consonant to the opinion transmitted by the
officers of engineers and artillery, in their half-yearly
periodical report, to the master-general of the ordnance.
To a question from the president, viz. "Should the council
conceive it necessary to call out the militia, whether I
thought myself warranted to issue pay and provisions to them?"
I answered, Certainly not: that in all British Colonies, of
which I had any knowledge, they on all such occasions defrayed
their own expenses.
The consideration that there is about £30,000 in the civil
chest, which cannot be applied to its object until next
spring, and the ease with which the error I may have fallen
into might be remedied, induced me to be so positive upon a
subject, regarding which I am without instructions.
_Colonel Brock to Lieut.-Colonel J.W. Gordon._
QUEBEC, Sept. 6, 1807.
It is impossible to view the late hostile measures of the
American government towards England, without considering a
rupture between the two countries as probable to happen.
I have in consequence been anxious that such precautionary
measures might be taken as the case seemed to justify; but his
honor the president has not judged it proper to adopt any
other step, than merely to order one-fifth of the militia,
which amounts to about 10,000 men, to hold itself in readiness
to march on the shortest notice.
The men thus selected for service being scattered along an
extensive line of four or five hundred miles, unarmed and
totally unacquainted with every thing military, without
officers capable of giving them instruction, considerable time
would naturally be required before the necessary degree of
order and discipline could be introduced among them. I
therefore very much doubt whether, in the event of actual war,
this force could assemble in time, and become useful.
Without considerable assistance from the militia, the few
regulars which might be spared from this garrison could avail
nothing against the force the Americans would suddenly
introduce by various roads into this province.
The Canadians have unquestionably shewn a great willingness
upon this occasion to be trained, and, I make not the least
doubt, would oppose with vigour any invasion of the
Americans--but how far the same sentiments would actuate them
were a French force to join, I will not undertake to say; at
any rate, I feel that every consideration of prudence and
policy ought to determine me to keep in Quebec a sufficient
force to secure its safety; the number of troops that could
therefore be safely detached would be small, notwithstanding a
great deal might be done, in conjunction with the militia, in
a country intersected in every direction by rivers, deep
ravines, and lined, at intervals on both sides the road, by
thick woods.
From every information I can receive, the Americans are busily
employed in drilling and forming their militia, and openly
declare their intention of entering this province the instant
war is determined upon; they will be encouraged to adopt this
step from the very defenceless state of our frontiers; the
means at my disposal are too limited to oppose them with
effect in the open field, and I shall be constrained, unless
his honor the president make exertions, which I do not think
him at this moment disposed to do, to confine myself to the
defence of Quebec.
I have hastened the completion of the works which enclose the
upper town of Quebec, and I have thought myself justified in
causing a battery of eight 36-pounders to be raised sixteen
feet upon the cavalier in the centre of the citadel, which
will effectually command the opposite heights.
Although these remarks may be premature, I yet conceive it my
duty to give his royal highness the commander-in-chief a view
of my real situation.
I must freely confess that I am unable to account for the
motives which seem at present to guide the councils of this
province. Voluntary offers of service have been made by
numbers, on whose loyalty the utmost reliance can be placed,
to form themselves into corps of cavalry, artillery, and
infantry, at little or no expense to government, provided they
were furnished with arms; but this liberal spirit has not been
encouraged by the president.
I have the honor to report, that at a recent interview I had
at Montreal with Lieut.-Governor Gore, it was judged expedient
that his excellency should assume the command in the upper
province. I regretted exceedingly that I could not, with
propriety, detach troops in support of the spirited exertions
whioh will be immediately made to place that country in a
respectable state of defence. He has been supplied with four
thousand muskets from the king's arsenal at Quebec, and with
various military stores of which he stood in need: this leaves
in my possession only seven thousand muskets for the use of
the militia of this province, and to supply, as far as they
will go, every other emergency.
_Sir James Craig to Colonel Brock_.
H.M.S. Horatio, Oct. 16, 1807.
His majesty having been pleased to appoint me to the chief
government of the British provinces in America, as well as to
the command of his forces in these parts, I do myself the
pleasure to announce to you my arrival in the river, to take
these charges upon me.
Lieut.-Colonel Baynes, the adjutant-general, and Major
Thornton, my secretary and first aide-decamp, will deliver you
this, and will inform you of the very miserable state of my
health, which obliges me to write to Mr. Dunn, to entreat that
he will permit my landing to be as private as possible. Of you
I must make the same request. A salute may be proper, but I
beg nothing more may be done: my object must be to get to the
château as speedily and with as little fatigue as possible.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 18: Owing to the difficulty, after the lapse of above forty
years, of obtaining the particulars of this event from any officer
present, the preceding account may be slightly inaccurate
notwithstanding our diligent inquiries, but we doubt not that it is
substantially correct.]
[Footnote 19: The 10th Royal Veteran Battalion arrived in Canada the
year following.]
[Footnote 20: Afterwards Major-General Barnard Foord Bowes, slain on the
27th June, 1812, while leading the troops to the assault of the forts of
Salamanca. Monuments in St. Paul's, to the memory of Major-General Bowes
and of Sir Isaac Brock, were voted in the House of Commons on the same
day, 20th July, 1813.]
[Footnote 21: On the passage of the 100th to Quebec, in 1805, one of the
transports was wrecked on the 21st October, on the coast of
Newfoundland; and Major Bertram, three captains, six lieutenants, the
assistant-surgeon, and about 260 men of the regiment, miserably
perished.]
CHAPTER III.
_Brigadier Brock to his Brothers_.
MONTREAL, July 20, 1808.
I have written to all of you since the navigation opened, and
the only letters I have received from any of the family for
several months came from Irving, who, to do him justice, is
infinitely the most attentive and regular correspondent among
you.
My appointment to be brigadier I first announced by the March
mail. Those who feel an interest in my prosperity will rejoice
in my good fortune, as this distinguished mark of favor
affords undeniable proof that my conduct, during the period of
my command, was approved;--a great gratification, considering
the many difficulties I had to encounter. I once thought I
should be ordered to the upper province, but General Ferguson
being among the newly appointed major-generals, will not now
probably visit this country. In that case, I stand a very good
chance of succeeding him, both in rank and in the command of
Quebec, where it was intended he should be stationed.
What will be the result of our present unsettled relations
with the neighbouring republic, it is very difficult to say.
The government is composed of such unprincipled men, that to
calculate on it by the ordinary rules of action would be
perfectly absurd. We have completely outwitted Jefferson in
all his schemes to provoke us to war. He had no other view in
issuing his restrictive proclamation; but, failing in that, he
tried what the embargo would produce, and there he has been
foiled again. Certainly, our administration is deserving of
every praise for their policy on these occasions. Jefferson
and his party, however strong the inclination, dare not
declare war, and therefore they endeavour to attain their
object by every provocation. A few weeks since, the garrison
of Niagara fired upon seven merchant boats passing the fort,
and actually captured them. Considering the circumstances
attending this hostile act, it is but too evident it was
intended to provoke retaliation: these boats fired upon and
taken within musket shot of our own fort; their balls falling
on our shore, was expected to have raised the indignation of
the most phlegmatic; fortunately, the commandant was not in
the way, as otherwise it is difficult to say what would have
happened. A representation of this affair has been made at
Washington, and, for an act certainly opposed to existing
treaties, we have been referred for justice to the ordinary
course of the law! If our subjects cannot command impunity
from capture under the guns of our own forts, it were better
to demolish them at once rather than witness and suffer such
indignity. By the treaties which have expired, the navigation
of the waters that divide the two countries is regulated and
stipulated to be still in force, although every other part
should cease to be obligatory.
I get on here pretty well, but this place loses at this season
the undoubted advantage it possesses over Quebec in winter.
Great additions are making to the fortifications at Quebec,
and, when completed, the Americans will, if I mistake not,
think it prudent not to trouble the place, for they can have
no chance of making any impression upon it during the short
period which the severity of the climate only permits an enemy
to lay before it. I erected, as I believe I told you before, a
famous battery, which the public voice named after me; but Sir
James, thinking very properly that any thing so very
pre-eminent should be distinguished by the most exalted
appellation, has called it the King's Battery, the greatest
compliment, I conceive, that he could pay to my judgment.[22]
Not a desertion has been attempted by any of the 49th for the
last ten months, with the exception indeed of Hogan, Savery's
former servant. He served Glegg in the same capacity, who took
him with him to the Falls of Niagara, where a fair damsel
persuaded him to this act of madness, for the fellow cannot
possibly gain his bread by labour, as he has half killed
himself with excessive drinking; and we know he cannot live
upon love alone. The weather has been exceedingly hot the last
week, the thermometer fluctuating from 94 degrees to 100
degrees in the shade. The embargo has proved a famous harvest
to some merchants here. It is certainly the most ridiculous
measure imaginable, and was evidently adopted with the view of
pleasing France; but no half measure can satisfy Napoleon, and
this colony has been raised by it to a degree of importance
that ensures its future prosperity.
_Brigadier Brock to his Brothers_.
QUEBEC, September 5, 1808.
I have been here but a few days, having been superseded at
Montreal by Major-General Drummond. I do not approve much of
the change, as being separated from the 49th is a great
annoyance to me. But soldiers must accustom themselves to
frequent movements; and as they have no choice, it often
happens that they are placed in situations little agreeing
with their inclinations. My nominal appointment has been
confirmed at home, so that I am really a brigadier. Were the
49th ordered hence, the rank would not be a sufficient
inducement to keep me in this country. In such a case, I would
throw it up willingly.
Curious scenes appear to have occurred in the Baltic. I fear
very much that Sir James (Saumarez) may be induced to return
to his retirement in Guernsey. Indeed, the navy has little
left to do, while the army has now a glorious opportunity of
distinguishing itself as much as the sister service. Valour
the British troops always possessed, but unless they evince
discipline, their fame will be blasted for a century to come.
_Brigadier Brock to his Brothers_.
QUEBEC, November 19, 1808.
Yesterday Irving's letter of the 19th September reached me.
How very thankful I feel for his attention. But I have not
received that which he mentions Savery had written on the same
day, giving an account of his proceedings in Spain and
Portugal. This is a truly mortifying disappointment, as it is
impossible to discover by the public prints the mystery by
which the conduct of our officers has been influenced. The
precaution which Irving took to transcribe a part of the
letter, has proved very lucky. Notwithstanding, I look for the
original with unusual impatience, as Savery's opinion must be
formed upon what he saw in full practice in the best
disciplined army that ever, I imagine, left England. His
observations are never thrown away.
I am still confined to my room, more indeed on account of the
badness of the weather than any want of progress in my
recovery. We have had very hard gales from the East. The
Iphigenia frigate, with her convoy, could not have cleared the
land, and the greatest apprehension is entertained for her
safety. Her commander, Captain Lambert, is a friend of George
Brock. I find him an exceedingly good fellow; and I have
reason to think that he left us well satisfied with the
attention he received from me.[23]
Sir James Craig has certain intimation of the appointment of
Colonel Baron de Rottenburg, of the 60th, to be a brigadier in
this country, and he is daily looked for. This most probably
will make a change in my situation, as one must go to the
upper province, and, as he is senior, he will doubtless have
the choice. My object is to get home as soon as I can obtain
permission; but unless our affairs with America be amicably
adjusted, of which I see no probability, I scarcely can expect
to be permitted to move. I rejoice Savery has begun to exert
himself to get me appointed to a more active situation. I must
see service, or I may as well, and indeed much better, quit
the army at once, for no one advantage can I reasonably look
to hereafter if I remain buried in this inactive, remote
corner, without the least mention being made of me. Should Sir
James Saumarez return from the Baltic crowned with success, he
could, I should think, say a good word for me to some purpose.
Vincent[24] is doing extremely well. I however dread the
severity of a winter upon his shattered frame. I must
contrive to meet and dissipate the dull hours with my good
friends of the 49th. I have prevailed upon Sir James to
appoint Sergeant Robinson, master of the band, to a situation
in the commissariat at Sorel, worth 3s. 6d. a day, with
subaltern's lodging money and other allowances. He married a
Jersey lass, whose relatives may inquire for him.
* * * * *
It will be seen by the next letter and a few others which follow, that
Sir Isaac Brock was well aware of the existence among the French
Canadians of a spirit of disaffection, which, in 1837, broke out into
open rebellion, the suppression of which earned Sir John Colborne (the
present Lord Seaton) his peerage. The outbreak caused great loss of
life, and considerable expense arising not only from the hurried
dispatch to Quebec of a large body of troops from Nova Scotia and
England, but from the retention in the Canadas of about 10,000 men for a
few years, to overawe the disaffected, and to repress the piratical
incursions of the citizens of the United States in their favor.
_Brigadier Brock to his brother William_.
QUEBEC, December 31, 1809.
You will long since have been convinced that the American
government is determined to involve the two countries in a
war; they have already given us legitimate cause, but, if
wise, we will studiously avoid doing that for which they shew
so great an anxiety. Their finances, you will perceive, are
very low, and they dare not propose direct taxes. They must
have recourse to loans at a time when they have only six
frigates in commission, and about five thousand men embodied.
To what a state of poverty and wretchedness would the
accumulated expenses of war reduce them! But they look to the
success of their privateers for a supply, and contemplate the
sweeping away of all foreign debts as the means of reducing
the calls upon their treasury. Whatever steps England may
adopt, I think she cannot, in prudence, avoid sending a strong
military force to these provinces, as they are now become of
infinite importance to her. You can scarcely conceive the
quantity of timber and spars of all kinds which are lying on
the beach, ready for shipment to England in the spring: four
hundred vessels would not be sufficient to take all away.
Whence can England be supplied with these essential articles
but from the Canadas? Bonaparte, it is known, has expressed a
strong desire to be in possession of the colonies formerly
belonging to France, and now that they are become so valuable
to England, his anxiety to wrest them from us will naturally
increase. A small French force, 4 or 5,000 men, with plenty of
muskets, would most assuredly conquer this province. The
Canadians would join them almost to a man--at least, the
exceptions would be so few as to be of little avail. It may
appear surprising that men, petted as they have been and
indulged in every thing they could desire, should wish for a
change. But so it is--and I am apt to think that were
Englishmen placed in the same situation, they would shew even
more impatience to escape from French rule. How essentially
different are the feelings of the people from when I first
knew them. The idea prevails generally among them, that
Napoleon must succeed, and ultimately get possession of these
provinces. The bold and violent are becoming every day more
audacious; and the timid, with that impression, think it
better and more prudent to withdraw altogether from the
society of the English, rather than run the chance of being
accused hereafter of partiality to them. The consequence is,
that little or no intercourse exists between the two races.
More troops will be required in this country, were it only to
keep down this growing turbulent spirit. The governor will, it
is foreseen, have a difficult card to play next month with the
assembly, which is really getting too daring and arrogant.
Every victory which Napoleon has gained for the last nine
years, has made the disposition here to resist more manifest.
_Brigadier Brock to his sister-in-law, Mrs. W. Brock_.
QUEBEC, June 8, 1810.
It was my decided intention to ask for leave to go to England
this fall, but I have now relinquished the thought. Several
untoward circumstances combine to oppose my wishes. The spirit
of insubordination lately manifested by the French Canadian
population of this colony, naturally called for precautionary
measures, and our worthy chief is induced, in consequence, to
retain in this country those on whom he can best confide. I am
highly flattered in being reckoned among the number, whatever
inward disappointment I may feel. Some unpleasant events have
likewise happened in the upper country, which have occasioned
my receiving intimation to proceed thither, whether as a
permanent station, or merely as a temporary visit, Sir James
Craig has not determined. Should, however, a senior brigadier
to myself come out in the course of the summer, I shall
certainly be fixed in the upper province, and there is every
probability of such an addition very soon. Since all my
efforts to get more actively employed have failed; since fate
decrees that the best portion of my life is to be wasted in
inaction in the Canadas, I am rather pleased with the prospect
of removing upwards.
There is a lady living at Barnet for whom I feel much
interested. If you should by chance drive that way, and do not
object to form a new acquaintance, I wish you to call upon
her. She is the wife of Captain Manners, of the 49th, and the
daughter of the celebrated Dr. Rush, of Philadelphia. She has
a most amiable disposition and genteel manners. Her sister,
Mrs. Ross Cuthbert, a charming little creature, makes her
husband--my most intimate friend, and with whom I pass a
great part of my leisure hours--a most happy man.
I received the other day a long and exceedingly well written
letter from Henrietta Tupper--she is really a charming
girl. What Maria[25] (Potenger) do you begin to slacken in
your attention to your poor devoted uncle?
_Brigadier Brock to his brother Irving_.
QUEBEC, July 9, 1810.
I have a thousand thanks to offer you for the very great
attention you have shewn in executing my commissions: the
different articles arrived in the very best order, with the
exception of the cocked hat, which has not been received--a
most distressing circumstance, as, from the enormity of my
head[26], I find the utmost difficulty in getting a substitute
in this country.
I proposed writing to you early to-morrow, but Sir James
having this instant intimated his intention of sending me
upwards immediately, I avail myself of an hour's leisure to do
that hastily which I would gladly have done quietly, and,
consequently, more fully. If I am to remain in this country, I
care little where I am placed; but going up, as I do now,
without knowing whether I am to stay or return, is
particularly awkward, and interferes materially in all my
future arrangements: perhaps I shall be able to get the point
settled before I commence my journey.
Every thing here remains in a state of perfect quietness. It
is but too evident that the Canadians generally are becoming
daily more anxious to get rid of the English. This they cannot
effect unless a French force come to their aid, and I do not
think that Bonaparte would risk the loss of a fleet and army
for the chance of getting possession of the country. What
infatuation! No people had ever more cause to rejoice at their
fate; but they are not singular, as all mankind seems prone to
change, however disadvantageous or productive of confusion.
Savery forwarded your pamphlet to me. You have taken a very
proper view of the political dissensions which at this moment
disgrace England. Those to whom I have allowed a perusal, and
who are infinitely better judges than I can pretend to be,
speak of the purity of the language in terms of high
approbation. You have happily suited the style to the matter.
Several copies have, within a few days, been in circulation
here. Savery speaks of a letter you received, in consequence,
from Lord Melville. I hope you will not fail in sending me a
copy, as I am all anxiety for your literary fame. As you
differ in sentiment from the Edinburgh Review, I hope that you
have made up your mind to an unmerciful lashing.
I do not see the smallest prospect of my getting away from
here, as the disposition manifested by the Canadians will
occasion a large military force to be kept in the country, and
it will serve as a plea to retain all at their posts. I wish
that I could boast of a little more patience than I feel I now
possess.
The fortifications of Quebec are improving pretty rapidly, but
workmen cannot be procured in sufficient number to proceed as
fast as government would wish. Labourers now get 7s. 6d. a
day, and artificers from 12s. to 15s. Upwards of three hundred
vessels have already arrived--a prodigious number.
_Brigadier Brock to his sister-in-law, Mrs. William Brock._
QUEBEC, July 10, 1810.
I cannot allow the frigate to depart without sending my
affectionate love to you. A Guernsey vessel arrived a few days
ago, which brought me a letter from Savery of 10th May, and
nothing could be more gratifying than the contents. The May
fleet, which sailed from Portsmouth the 24th, reached this in
thirty days, but as it had not a scrape of a pen for me, its
arrival did not interest me. We have been uncommonly gay the
last fortnight: two frigates at anchor, and the arrival of
Governor Gore from the upper province, have given a zest to
society. Races, country and water parties, have occupied our
time in a continued round of festivity. Such stimulus is
highly necessary to keep our spirits afloat. I contributed my
share to the general mirth in a grand dinner given to Mrs.
Gore, at which Sir J. Craig was present, and a ball to a vast
assemblage of all descriptions.
I mentioned in a former letter my apprehensions of being
ordered to the upper province. I return this moment from
waiting upon Sir James, who sent for me, to say he regretted
he must part with me, as he found it absolutely necessary that
I should proceed upwards without delay. I am placed in a very
awkward predicament, as my stay in that country depends wholly
upon contingencies. Should a brigadier arrive I am to be
stationary, but otherwise return to Quebec. Nothing could be
more provoking and inconvenient than this arrangement. Unless
I take up every thing with me, I shall be miserably off, for
nothing beyond eatables is to be had there; and in case I
provide the requisites to make my abode in the winter in any
way comfortable, and then be ordered back, the expense will be
ruinous. But I must submit to all this without repining, and
since I cannot get to Europe, I care little where I am placed.
I have the most delightful garden imaginable, with abundance
of melons and other good things, all which I must now desert.
What am I to tell you from this out-of-the-way place. Your old
friends of the 49th are well, but scattered in small
detachments all over the country. They are justly great
favorites at head quarters. I mentioned in a former letter my
wish that, provided you could make it perfectly convenient,
you would call upon Mrs. Manners, the wife of a captain of
the 49th. I am satisfied that you would, after a short
acquaintance, approve of her much--she is all goodness. By the
last accounts they resided at Barnet.
I have no doubt that Maria and Zelia (Potenger, his nieces)
continue to conduct themselves in such a manner as to reward
you amply for the unbounded kindness you have all along shewn
them. If I am able in the fall to procure handsome skins for
muffs worth their acceptance, I shall send some to the dear
little girls: they ought, however, to write to me. There are
few here brought up with the advantages they have received;
indeed, the means for education are very limited for both
sexes in this colony. Heaven preserve you. I shall probably
begin my journey upwards in the course of a few days.
* * * * *
Brigadier Brock accordingly proceeded to the Upper Province, Baron de
Rottenburg having replaced him at Quebec, and, with the exception of a
few months in 1811, during which he visited Lower Canada, he continued
in command of the troops there till his death, Lieut.-Governor Gore at
first administering the civil government.
_Colonel Baynes, the Adjutant-General, to Brigadier Brock, at Fort
George._
QUEBEC, September 6, 1810.
The Brigadier-General (Baron de Rottenburg) is Sir James'
(Craig) senior in age by a year, but is still strong and
active, and looks much younger. I am well pleased with the
little I have seen of him, which by the bye is very little,
for I only returned yesterday from Sorel. Mrs. de
Rottenburg[27] has made a complete conquest of all hearts. She
is in reality remarkably handsome, both in face and figure,
and her manners uncommonly pleasing, graceful, and affable.
There is, I fancy, a very great disparity of years. They both
speak English very fluently, and with very little foreign
accent. Sir James (Craig) is remarkably well: we celebrated
the anniversary of his sixtieth year yesterday at a very
pleasant party at Powell Place. Our general court martial is
over, and will be published in orders to-morrow. A soldier,
who was under sentence of death for desertion from the 101st
regiment, and transferred to the 8th, and a Jonathan of the
Canadians, who is considered a ringleader, are sentenced to be
shot; the others, a dozen in number, are to be transported to
serve for life in the African corps.
_Brigadier Brock to his Brothers._
FORT GEORGE, Sept. 13, 1810.
My good and dear friends,--I have been of late so much upon
the move, that I had no thought of writing to you, and no
letters of yours put me in mind that I should do so. Here I am
stationed for some time, unless I succeed in the application I
mean to make shortly for permission to visit England. At
present Vincent, Glegg, and Williams, 49th, enliven this
lonesome place. They are here as members of a general court
martial, and are soon to depart, when I shall be left to my
own reflections. Should I be so lucky as to obtain leave, I
shall not commence my journey to New York until after
Christmas. Baron de Rottenburg, a senior brigadier, has
arrived at Quebec, where he remains. His presence
unquestionably diminishes my prospects in this country, and I
should stand evidently in my own light if I did not court
fortune elsewhere.
I have been as far as Detroit, a delightful country, far
exceeding any thing I had seen on this continent.
I have not had a letter from Europe since May, and wish you to
write to me by way of New York. I avail myself of an
unexpected passenger to scribble this in the presence of many
of the court, who tell me it is time to resume our labours;
therefore, my beloved brothers, adieu. I shall write again in
a few days, viâ New York.
_Colonel Baynes to Brigadier Brock, at Fort George._
QUEBEC, October 4, 1810.
By yesterday's post, I was favored with your letter of the 23d
ultimo. I regret that so much trouble should have been
occasioned to so little purpose, the more so as I apprehend an
example to be much called for in the 100th regiment. Murray
seems sanguine that the regiment will go on better under his
rule, and that he knows the men better. I hope his conjecture
may prove well founded, but I fear they are too wild a set to
thrive in Upper Canada.
As I felt at a loss how to introduce the subject of your
personal views and wishes, I gave Sir James your letter to
read; it did not, however, draw from him any remark on those
topics. I know that he is very strongly impressed with the
necessity of having a person like yourself for some time in
the Upper Province, that a scrutinizing eye may correct the
errors and neglect that have crept in, and put all in order
again; and, _in confidence between ourselves_, I do not think
he would be more ready to part with you from that station, in
consequence of the arrival of Colonel Murray, who is not at
all to his taste, and has managed, by a most indiscreet and
indecent conversation at his table, to blot himself out of his
good opinion. The conversation was on the subject of Cobbett,
and the colonel's the only dissenting voice, which he exerted
with the more energy in proportion to the badness of his
cause, and after defending him in a style and language highly
indecorous, and reprehensible to be held at the table of the
governor, he so completely forgot himself as to repeat and
justify the very offensive and illiberal publications of
Cobbett respecting the German troops and foreign officers,
although sitting directly opposite to General de Rottenburg.
Sir James, who was suffering extremely from the commencement
of a very severe attack of illness, could contain himself no
longer, and silenced Murray by a very severe but highly just
rebuke. Rottenburg appeared much hurt, and said to me that he
was very sorry to find that any officer, entrusted with the
honor of commanding a corps, could take a pleasure in exposing
such sentiments as he had heard from Colonel M. Colonel Kempt,
who naturally feels much interested for his young cousin,
(Mrs. Murray,) and who really deserves and merits it for her
own sake, was much mortified and vexed at Murray's
impropriety.[28]
The charms of Mrs. de Rottenburg have not effaced you from the
recollection of your friends, who very sincerely regret your
absence.
_Lieut.-Colonel Thornton[29] (Military Secretary and first Aide-de-Camp)
to Brigadier Brock_.
QUEBEC, October 4, 1810.
I was yesterday favored with your letter of the 23d ultimo,
and have not failed to communicate to Sir James your account
and your charity towards the poor old fellow, formerly of the
king's.[30] He has in consequence directed the allowance of
the ration to be authorized and continued to him, for which
purpose I must request his Christian name and the date of the
first issue, but I am to remind you of the danger of
establishing a precedent of this nature, and to request in the
general's name that you will refrain as much as possible from
indulging the natural benevolence of your disposition in this
way, as he has hitherto resisted all applications of this
sort.
Your successor, as commandant of Quebec, is certainly much to
be esteemed--a good kind of man, and devoted to his
profession--but it is vanity in the extreme to attempt to
describe the general admiration and estimation of his _cara et
dolce sposa_: she is young, (twenty-three,) fair,
beautiful,--lively, discreet, witty, affable,--in short, so
engaging, or rather so fascinating, that neither the courier
nor my paper will admit of my doing her justice; however, from
what I have said it is necessary further to add and explain,
that this is not my opinion alone but that of the public.
Two hundred volunteers for Colonel Zouch, from other veteran
battalions, have just arrived and landed: the regiment is to
be completed in this manner to one thousand.
_Colonel Baynes to Brigadier Brock._
QUEBEC, October 11, 1810.
Sir James has conversed with me fully on the subject of your
wish for leave, and prefaced it by declaring himself very
desirous on his part to forward your views as far as he could
do so with propriety, but that he had written in such strong
terms, urging the necessity of a third general officer being
kept constantly on the staff of the Canadas, and assigned as a
principal reason the advantage of an officer of that rank
being stationed in the Upper Province, that he does not
conceive himself at liberty to overset an arrangement which he
has been two years soliciting the means to carry into effect,
and the absolute necessity of which he is highly impressed
with. In reply to an observation of mine, that you regretted
the inactive prospect before you, and looked with envy on
those employed in Spain and Portugal, he said: "I make no
doubt of it, but I can in no shape aid his plans in that
respect; I would not, however, be the means of preventing
them, and although from his local knowledge I should regret
losing him in this country, yet I would not oppose it if he
could obtain an appointment to the staff on service; but in
that case I would ask for another general officer being seat
in his place immediately to Upper Canada." I tell you this, my
dear general, without reserve, and give you, as far as I can
recollect, Sir James' words. If he liked you less, he might
perhaps be more readily induced to let you go; as matters
stand, I do not think he will, although I am convinced that he
will feel very sincere regret in refusing you on a subject
upon which you appear to be so anxious.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 22: In some book of Travels in Canada, Duncan's we think, it
is stated that the highest battery in Quebec is called Brock's Battery:
we know not whether it is that erected by Sir Isaac Brock.]
[Footnote 23: "The young and gallant" Captain Henry Lambert, mentioned
above, was mortally wounded in December, 1812, in command of H.M.S.
Java, when she was captured by the American frigate Constitution, of
greatly superior force.]
[Footnote 24: The present General Vincent, colonel of the 69th foot. He
was then major of the 49th.]
[Footnote 25: His niece.]
[Footnote 26: It has been remarked, that men with very small heads are
seldom clever, and certainly the Brocks of this family had large but
well shaped heads, with full foreheads.]
[Footnote 27: The mother of Lady William Paget.]
[Footnote 28: Whatever may have been Colonel Murray's indiscretion on
this occasion, he proved himself one of the most gallant and
enterprising officers in Canada during the war, and particularly
distinguished himself in the assault and capture of Fort Niagara, in
December, 1813, where he was severely wounded. If Colonel Murray admired
Cobbett's writings he was not singular, as he was perhaps the most
forcible political writer in the English language.]
[Footnote 29: Afterwards Lieut.-General Sir William Thornton, K.C.B.,
&c.]
[Footnote 30: Sir Isaac Brock was several years in the 8th regiment, but
this old man had probably served with his brother, Lieut.-Colonel John
Brock, who was many years in the 8th, in Upper Canada.]
CHAPTER IV.
_Brigadier Brock to Lieut.-Governor Gore_.
FORT GEORGE, Jan. 6, 1811.
Having lately received a letter from Colonel Vesey, in which
he urges me to ascertain whether it be possible to secure to
his family some benefit from the grant of five thousand acres
he has so long unprofitably held, I am encouraged by the
disposition your excellency has uniformly evinced to serve
him, to renew my earnest request that your influence may be
now exerted in his behalf.
I am given to understand that there are extensive tracts of
excellent land at the disposal of the crown on Lake Erie, and
that a new township is undergoing a survey near the head of
Lake Ontario. Were it possible to ensure Colonel Vesey
eligible situations in those districts, he no longer would
hesitate in incurring the necessary expense.
Your excellency having signified your intention of visiting
England in the course of next summer, I am impelled to the
present application by the consideration that before your
return the land, which I have taken the liberty to point out,
may be disposed of, and Colonel Vesey thereby lose the fair
opportunity of acquiring property upon which he can
confidently place some value.
_Lieut.-Governor Gore to Brigadier Brock_.
YORK, January 21, 1811.
Your letter of the 6th instant should have been earlier
acknowledged, but that I was desirous to render my answer as
satisfactory as possible, and it was necessary to refer to the
offices, on the subject of the grant of land ordered for
Colonel Vesey.
I am very sorry now to be constrained to tell you, that it is
not in my power to comply with Colonel Vesey's wish in respect
of the location, without a special order from the king, as in
the case of Colonel Talbot.
The diagram by which the crown and clergy reserves are
recorded, cannot be dispensed with, so that it is now
impracticable to obtain in any township five thousand acres in
a block.
The townships lately surveyed are partial exceptions to the
general rule, for the express purpose of establishing roads
through the province, and the locations in that exception are
by an act of government expressly reserved for actual
settlers.
The utmost in my power to do for Colonel Vesey is to adopt the
latitude directed by his majesty in favor of General Arnold,
which is to permit his representative to locate his land in
any open township, and to pass the patent without his personal
attendance.
Exclusive of my very strong desire to serve Colonel Vesey, I
beg you will believe that I should have had a very particular
gratification in promoting the success of any measure for
which you are pleased to express an interest.
_Brigadier Brock to his brother Irving._
NIAGARA, January 10, 1811.