TABLE SHOWING THE CHANGE IN THE INITIAL CONSONANT IN
WELSH, IRISH, AND SCOTCH GAELIC.
+-------------+-------------------------------+
| Initial | WELSH. |
| Consonants. +----------+------------+-------+
| | Eclipsis | Aspiration | Nasal |
+-------------+----------+------------+-------+
| P | B | Ph | Mh |
| C | G | Ch | Ngh |
| T | D | Th | Nh |
| B | M | Bh or F | |
| G | NG | -- | |
| D | N | Dd or Dh | |
| Ll | | L | |
| M | | Mh or F | |
| Rh | | R | |
| F | | | |
| S | | | |
+-------------+----------+------------+-------+
+-------------+-------------------------+
| Initial | IRISH. |
| Consonants. +----------+--------------+
| | Eclipsis | Aspiration |
+-------------+----------+--------------+
| P | B | Ph |
| C | G | Ch |
| T | D | Th |
| B | M | Bh |
| G | NG | Gh |
| D | N | Dh |
| Ll | | L |
| M | | Mh |
| Rh | | R |
| F | Bh | Fh |
| S | T | Sh |
+-------------+----------+--------+-----+
+-------------+-------------------------+
| Initial | SCOTCH GAELIC. |
| Consonants. +----------+--------------+
| | Eclipsis | Aspiration |
+-------------+----------+--------------+
| P | W | Ph |
| C | a | Ch |
| T | n | Th |
| B | t | Bh |
| G | i | Gh |
| D | n | Dh |
| Ll | g | L |
| M | . | Mh |
| Rh | | R |
| F | | Fh |
| S | T | Sh |
+-------------+----------+--------------+
2. In Irish, words beginning with _A_ may take the digamma _F_, as
_aill_, _faill_, a rock; _ata_, _fata_, a plain; _iolair_, _fiolair_,
an eagle, etc. The digamma never appears in Scotch Gaelic.
3. The vowel sounds _O_ and _U_ in Irish, pass into _A_ in Scotch
Gaelic; as, _oir_, Ir., _air_, Sc. G.; _og_, Ir., _ag_, Sc. G.;
_ugadh_, Ir., _achadh_, Sc. G.; _chuaidh_, Ir., _chaidh_, Sc. G.
4. The vowel at the end of nouns in Irish, is dropped in Scotch Gaelic;
as, _tigherna_, Ir., _tighearn_, Sc. G.
5. In the consonants the older form is often retained in Scotch Gaelic;
thus, the initial _S_ in Irish, is often _D_ in Scotch Gaelic, which is
the older form, as _suil_, Ir., _duil_, Sc. G.,--hope. _S_ is sometimes
changed to _P_, as _siuthar_, Ir., _piuthar_, Sc. G.,--sister.
6. The accentuation in Scotch Gaelic in dissyllables is on the first
syllable; in Irish, on the last.