legs bright ferruginous; the head, thorax, and node of the petiole
coarsely rugose; the eyes very prominent and glassy; the mandibles
longitudinally but very delicately striated, their inner margin
edentate; the thorax slightly narrowed behind. Abdomen very delicately
aciculate.
_Male._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Of the same colour, and sculptured like the
worker; the head rounded behind the eyes and narrowed before them; the
eyes very large, prominent and ovate; the ocelli very bright and
prominent; antennæ elongate and slender, the scape short, not longer
than the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax: the scutellum prominent,
forming a rounded tubercle, the metathorax elongate and oblique. Abdomen
aciculate as in the worker, but much more deeply strangulated between
the first and second segments; the petiole rugose and clavate.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. ODONTOMACHUS, _Latr._
1. Odontomachus simillimus, _Smith, Cat. Form._ p. 80. 11 [Symbol:
female].
_Hab._ Aru. Ceylon.
2. ODONTOMACHUS TYRANNICUS. _O._ capite thoraceque nigris, antennis
abdomineque ferrugineis, margine interno mandibulorum serratulo.
_Worker._ Length 7 lines. Head oblong, narrowed behind, posteriorly
deeply emarginate; the mandibles rufo-piceous, brightest at their apex,
which is armed with two long teeth which are bent abruptly inwards,
their tips black; the anterior portion of the head striated obliquely
from the centre; the head, behind the anterior sulcation, very smooth
and shining and having a deep longitudinal central depression. Thorax
transversely striated, the articulations of the legs and the tarsi
ferruginous. Abdomen smooth, shining, and ferruginous; the node of the
petiole incrassate, cylindric, and tapering upwards into a very acute
spine.
_Hab._ Aru.
3. ODONTOMACHUS MALIGNUS. _O._ ferrugineus; capite suprà obliquè
striato; margine interno mandibulorum confertim serrato; metathorace
transversim striato; squamâ unispinosâ; abdomine lævissimo.
_Worker._ Length 7 lines. Ferruginous; the flagellum and legs palest;
head much narrowed behind, the posterior margin deeply emarginate;
mandibles smooth and shining, their inner margin strongly serrated,
their apex abruptly bent or elbowed, and armed with two stout teeth; the
face anteriorly evenly striated obliquely; the head behind the anterior
sulcation very delicately striated obliquely. The prothorax smooth and
shining, the meso- and metathorax transversely striated. Abdomen very
smooth and shining; the node of the petiole incrassate and tapering
upwards into an acute spine.
_Hab._ Aru.
This species most closely resembles _O. maxillaris_ from Brazil; but
its smooth polished prothorax alone would distinguish it; its head is
much broader anteriorly, and less elongate.
Gen. PSEUDOMYRMA, _Guér._
1. PSEUDOMYRMA LÆVICEPS. _P._ nigra, lævis et nitida; antennis,
mandibulis, tibiis anterioribus, tarsisque rufo-fulvis.
_Worker._ Length 2-1/4 lines. Black and shining; head very smooth and
slightly emarginate behind, the eyes large and ovate; the mandibles and
antennæ rufo-fulvous. Thorax with the sides flattened, the disk slightly
convex; a deep strangulation between the meso- and metathorax, the
latter rounded above and oblique behind; the trochanters, articulations
of the legs, and the tarsi rufo-fulvous. Abdomen thinly covered with a
fine cinereous pile; the first node of the petiole somewhat
oblong-ovate, the second subglobose, the petiole of the first node
short.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. PODOMYRMA, _Smith_.
_Head_ oblong in the _female_, rather wider than the thorax; in the
_worker_ subovate and much wider; _eyes_ small, ovate and placed about
the middle at the sides of the head; _antennæ_ geniculated, the scape
about two thirds of the length of the flagellum which is clavate, the
club three-jointed; the _mandibles_ stout and dentate; the _labial
palpi_ 3-jointed; the _maxillary palpi_ 4-jointed. _Thorax_,
oblong-ovate in the _female_, in the _worker_ transverse in front and
narrowed behind with the metathorax bidentate; the anterior wings with
one elongate marginal cell and two submarginal cells, the second
extending to the apex of the wing; the legs stout, the femora
incrassate; abdomen ovate, the peduncle with two nodes.
The insects included in this genus are undoubtedly most nearly allied to
those belonging to the genus _Myrmecina_; but, excepting that they agree
in having the same number of joints in the palpi, they have little
resemblance to each other. With the exception of the genus _Myrmecia_,
these are the largest insects in the subfamily Myrmicidæ; and all the
species are distinguished by their remarkably thickened femora and
margined thorax: we are unacquainted with the males.
1. PODOMYRMA FEMORATA. _P._ ferruginea; capite oblongo, obliquè striato,
thorace abdomineque lævibus nitidis; alis subhyalinis fusco-nebulosis;
femoribus valdè incrassatis, basi tenuissimis, femoribus posticis infrà
compressis.
_Female._ Length 8 lines. Rufo-testaceous; the mandibles and anterior
margin of the face black, the inner margin of the mandibles rufo-piceous
and armed with six short stout teeth, the apical tooth largest. The head
oblong, slightly narrowed posteriorly and emarginate behind,
longitudinally striated, the striæ diverging from the centre at the
anterior ocellus; at half the distance between the posterior ocelli and
the margin of the vertex the striæ are transverse. Thorax smooth and
shining, with scattered fulvous hairs; the wings fusco-hyaline, with a
dark fuscous stain occupying the marginal cell and traversing the course
of all the nervures; the legs with the femora much incrassated, the
posterior pair compressed beneath into a flattened process or keel.
Abdomen ovate, smooth, shining, and with a scattered fulvous pubescence;
the first node of the petiole rounded in front, narrowed and truncate
behind, with a large compressed tooth beneath; the second node
subglobose.
_Worker major._ Length 4 lines. Ferruginous, entirely smooth and
shining; the thorax, legs, and abdomen more or less obscure, the femora
being usually rufo-piceous; the mandibles striated with their margins
black. Thorax nearly flat above, very slightly convex with the sides
margined, the anterior margin slightly rounded, the lateral angles
produced into small acute spines; a deep strangulation at the base of
the metathorax, a little before which the lateral margins are produced
into an angular tooth, the metathorax with two short acute spines; the
femora thickly incrassate. Abdomen ovate.
_Hab._ Aru.
2. PODOMYRMA STRIATA. _P._ ferruginea; capite thoraceque
longitudinaliter striatis, femoribus valdè incrassatis, basi
tenuissimis.
_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Rufo-ferruginous with the abdomen obscure,
becoming blackish at the apex, the head coarsely striated, with a
central portion from the insertion of the antennæ to the hinder margin
of the vertex delicately so; the mandibles striated, with the teeth on
their inner margin black. Thorax rugose-striate, the anterior lateral
angles dentate, the metathorax without spines; the femora thickly
incrassate and greatly attenuated at their base. Abdomen ovate, smooth
and shining; the nodes of the petiole rugose.
_Hab._ Aru.
This species resembles _P. femorata_, but is easily distinguished by its
striated head and thorax; the latter is similarly flattened above and
margined at the sides; the femora are also thickened precisely as in
that species.
3. PODOMYRMA LÆVIFRONS. _P._ obscurè ferruginea; capite abdomineque
lævissimis lucidisque; thorace longitudinaliter striato; femoribus medio
valdè incrassatis, basi tenuissimis.
_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Head and abdomen smooth, shining black, in
some examples fusco-ferruginous; the antennæ, legs, and thorax
ferruginous, the latter longitudinally striated; the thorax margined at
the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin slightly
rounded, with the lateral angles armed with short acute spines, the
thorax deeply strangulated posteriorly, the metathorax not spined; the
femora thickly swollen in the middle and very slender at their base and
apex. Abdomen ovate, the first node of the petiole oblong, the second
globose.
_Hab._ Aru.
There is considerable variation in intensity of colouring in examples of
this species, the thorax and legs being sometimes pale ferruginous; in
the specimen described they are dark; every shade of gradation occurs in
different individuals.
4. PODOMYRMA BASALIS. _P._ fusco-ferruginea; abdominis basi pallidè
testacea; femoribus medio incrassatis, basi tenuibus.
_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Obscurely ferruginous, the scape of the
antennæ, the base of the femora and the tibiæ pale ferruginous; the base
of the abdomen pale testaceous; the head and thorax with deep coarse
longitudinal furrows; the flagellum blackish-brown towards its apex,
with the extreme tip pale. Thorax: the anterior margin slightly rounded
with the lateral angles very acute; the femora very thickly incrassate
in the middle; the apex of the tibiæ ferruginous. Abdomen smooth and
shining; the basal half pale testaceous, the apical half and the
following segments black; the nodes of the petiole rugose; the first
node elongate, with a short acute tooth at the base above, and a blunt
one beneath.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. MYRMICA, _Latr._
1. MYRMICA PARALLELA. _M._ rufo-fulva; antennis pedibusque pallidè
testaceis; abdomine fusco-ferrugineo; capite thoraceque longitudinaliter
striatis.
_Worker._ Length 1 line. Head and thorax ferruginous and longitudinally
and evenly striated; antennæ and legs pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax
margined at the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin
transverse, the lateral angles acute; the metathorax with two short
spines; abdomen dark fusco-ferruginous, the nodes of the petiole
subrugose; club of the antennæ 3-jointed.
_Hab._ Aru.
2. MYRMICA SCABROSA. _M._ nigra; capite thoraceque scabrosis,
metathorace bispinoso, abdomine ovato lævi.
_Worker._ Length 1 line. Black; the head, thorax, and nodes of the
petiole roughened; the mandibles, flagellum and tarsi rufo-testaceous;
the lateral angles of the prothorax acute, the sides narrowed slightly
to the base of the metathorax, the spines on the latter acute; nodes of
the petiole globose. Abdomen ovate, smooth and shining; club of the
antennæ 3-jointed.
_Hab._ Aru.
3. MYRMICA THORACICA. _M._ capite abdomineque nigris; antennis,
mandibulis thorace pedibusque flavis.
_Worker._ Length 3/4 line. Head and abdomen jet-black; the antennæ,
thorax, and legs of a clear honey-yellow; the mandibles of a more
obscure yellow; the anterior margin of the thorax transverse, the
lateral angles acute, narrowed from thence to the base of the
mesothorax, the disk anteriorly slightly convex; the metathorax armed
with two acute spines. Abdomen nearly round, and very smooth and
shining; the first node of the petiole vertical anteriorly, and
gradually rounded behind, the second node transverse, its anterior
margin straight, the angles rounded, the sides narrowed towards the
abdomen; the club of the antennæ 3-jointed.
_Hab._ Aru.
The singular form of the thorax of this species, as well as the
construction of the nodes of the petiole, appear to indicate an
uncharacterized division of the genus _Myrmica_.
4. MYRMICA SUSPICIOSA. _M._ rufo-testacea, lævis, tota nitidissima nuda;
mandibulis, antennis, pedum articulationibus tarsisque palles-centibus;
metathoracis spinis minutissimis.
_Worker._ Length 1 line. Rufo-testaceous and very smooth and shining;
the antennæ as long as the insect; the flagellum, mandibles, tarsi, and
articulations of the legs pale testaceous. The thorax narrowed
anteriorly into a short neck, behind which it is dilated, the sides
being rounded, the meso- and metathorax narrower and of nearly equal
width, the spines of the metathorax minute and slender. The first node
of the petiole somewhat wedge-shaped, the second globose, the abdomen
very smooth and shining; club of the antennæ 3-jointed.
_Hab._ Aru.
I can detect no specific difference between this and _Myrmica lævigata_,
taken by myself in the neighbourhood of London; but it is not uncommonly
met with in hothouses, near to which I captured my specimen. I believe
_M. lævigata_ is identical with _OEcophthora pusilla_, the House-Ant of
Madeira.
5. MYRMICA MELLEA. _M._ capite thoraceque flavis; abdomine pallidè
fusco.
_Worker._ Length 1-3/4 line. Head, antennæ, thorax, and legs
honey-yellow and very smooth and shining; thorax strangulated at the
base of the metathorax, which is not spined; the first node of the
abdomen is oblique anteriorly, and vertical behind, the second node
subglobose. Abdomen: the base honey-yellow, the apical margin of the
first segment, and the following segments entirely, pale fuscous; the
club of the antennæ 2-jointed.
_Hab._ Aru.
6. MYRMICA CARINATA. _M._ obscurè fusco-ferruginea; thorace rufo-fulvo;
capite thoraceque carinis irregularibus; metathorace spinis duabus
longis armato.
_Worker._ Length 1-1/4 lines. Head and abdomen black, with more or less
of an obscure ferruginous tinge, particularly at the vertex and base of
the abdomen; the thorax and nodes of the petiole ferruginous; the legs
rufo-piceous, with the tarsi and articulations ferruginous, the antennæ
and mandibles ferruginous; the head and thorax with irregular distant
longitudinal carinæ; the sides of the thorax rugose; the spines on the
metathorax long and acute; the abdomen very smooth and shining; the club
of the antennæ 3-jointed.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. CREMATOGASTER, _Lund_.
1. Crematogaster obscura, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn.
Soc._ ii. 76. 4 [Symbol: Mercury].
_Hab._ Aru; Borneo.
2. CREMATOGASTER ELEGANS. _C._ pallidè rufo-testaceus; abdomine
nigerrimo nitido; thorace bispinoso.
_Worker._ Length 3/4 line. Entirely pale rufo-testaceous, excepting the
eyes and abdomen which are jet black; the nodes of the petiole pale,
smooth, and shining. Head about the same width as the abdomen. The
lateral angles of the anterior margin of the prothorax acute, the
metathorax armed with two long acute spines. Abdomen heart-shaped, its
apex acute.
_Hab._ Aru.
3. CREMATOGASTER INSULARIS. _C._ niger, lævis et nitidus; antennis
tarsisque pallidè testaceis; thorace spinis duabus acutis armato.
_Worker._ Length 1-1/4 line. Black, smooth and shining; the vertex,
thorax and nodes of the peduncle with an obscure ferruginous tinge; the
antennæ, tarsi, and articulations of the legs pale rufo-testaceous; the
spines which arm the metathorax stout, elongate, and acute, with their
apex pale testaceous. Abdomen heart-shaped and very acute at the apex.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. SOLENOPSIS, _Westw._
1. SOLENOPSIS CEPHALOTES. _S._ pallidè ferruginea; capite maximè in
medio sulcato, abdomine apice fusco.
_Worker major._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Pale ferruginous, with the anterior
part of the face darker, the mandibles incrassate and very dark
fusco-ferruginous; head very large and divided by a deep longitudinal
channel, emarginate behind, nearly quadrate; the eyes small and placed
forwards on the sides of the head. The metathorax truncate, not spined.
Abdomen ovate, truncate at the base, its apex fuscous; the first node of
the petiole compressed, its margin rounded above, the second node
incrassate and subglobose; club of the antennæ 2-jointed.
_Worker minor._ Length 1-1/2 line. Of the same colour as the _worker
major_, but with the head of the ordinary size and slightly narrowed
behind, the mandibles of the same colour as the head; the legs and
antennæ longer, as well as the petiole of the abdomen; the body is very
smooth and shining, the club of the antennæ 2-jointed.
_Hab._ Aru.
Subfam. CRYPTOCERIDÆ, _Smith_.
Gen. MERANOPLUS, _Smith_.
1. MERANOPLUS SPINOSUS. _M._ castaneo-rufus; abdomine nigro, thorace
sexspinoso; abdomine ovato.
_Worker._ Length 1-1/2 line. Head and thorax rugose; the antennæ and
tarsi rufo-testaceous; the eyes rather prominent, the groove above them
at the sides of the head extending backwards to the vertex. Thorax: the
anterior margin curved forwards, the lateral angles produced into a
bifurcate process on each side, behind the processes, slightly narrowed
to the base of a long curved tooth; the posterior margin emarginate with
a long sharp spine at each angle of the emargination; the node of the
petiole globose. Abdomen black, smooth and shining.
_Hab._ Aru.
Fam. MUTILLIDÆ, _Leach_.
Gen. MUTILLA, _Linn._
1. Mutilla Sibylla, _Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. 86. 11 [Symbol:
female].
_Hab._ Aru; Borneo; Celebes.
2. MUTILLA MANIFESTA. _M._ capite abdomineque nigris, thorace
sanguineo-rubro, maris alis nigro-fuscis.
_Female._ Length 4-3/4 lines. Head black and rugose. The thorax
blood-red and coarsely rugose, its anterior margin widest and straight,
the sides gradually narrowed to the apex in a slight curve; the lateral
margins have two teeth not wide apart. Abdomen black, rugose, and
slightly shining, with black pubescence above; on the under surface it
is glittering silvery-white; the legs and sides of the thorax have a
similar pubescence.
_Male._ The same size as the female, and the same colour; the eyes
notched. The thorax oblong-quadrate, the posterior lateral angles acute;
the tegulæ large and red; the wings dark brown, with their extreme base
hyaline. Abdomen shining black, the first and second segments strongly
punctured, the rest much more finely and not very closely so.
_Hab._ Aru.
3. MUTILLA CARINATA. _M._ capite thoraceque metallico-purpureis viridi
tinctis, pedibus ferrugineis, abdomine nigro, basi pallido fasciatâ,
segmento secundo ad apicem fasciâ bilobatâ ornato.
_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. The head and thorax of a metallic purple
tint with shades of green and copper; the scape of the antennæ, the
mandibles, palpi, and legs ferruginous; the head and thorax closely and
strongly punctured. The abdomen velvety black; the base truncate, the
truncation smooth and shining; its margin carinate; the upper surface of
the basal segment yellowish-white, a broad bilobed fascia of the same
colour at the apical margin of the second segment; the apex ferruginous.
_Male._ The head and thorax metallic green, strongly and closely
punctured; abdomen black and shining, much more finely punctured than
the thorax; wings light brown, with their base and extreme apex hyaline;
the legs ferruginous.
_Hab._ Aru.
4. MUTILLA NIGRA. _M._ nigra et punctata, abdomine lævi et nitido,
delicatulè punctato, alis fuscis, basi hyalinis.
_Male._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax closely and strongly
punctured; the eyes slightly notched; the face with silvery-white
pubescence, the mandibles shining, the palpi black. Thorax: the
metathorax densely clothed with yellowish-white pubescence; the legs
with glittering white hairs, the calcaria white; wings brown with their
base hyaline. Abdomen smooth and shining, delicately and sparingly
punctured, with a few silvery hairs at the sides.
_Hab._ Aru.
5. MUTILLA EXILIS. _M._ nigra et punctata; abdomine lævigato, nitido;
alis subhyalinis; facie et metathorace pube argentatâ vestitis.
_Male._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured;
the eyes emarginate, the face with glittering silvery-white pubescence,
the cheek thinly sprinkled with silvery hairs; the palpi testaceous.
Thorax: the metathorax densely clothed with silvery pubescence, beneath,
at the sides, and also the legs with scattered silvery hairs, the
calcaria white; the tegulæ shining; the wings subhyaline with the
nervures dark fuscous. Abdomen shining black, smooth, and very
delicately and sparingly punctured, the apical margins of the segments
very thinly fringed with glittering silvery hairs.
_Hab._ Aru.
Tribe FOSSORES, _Latr._
Fam. SCOLIADÆ, _Leach_.
Gen. MYZINE.
1. MYZINE TENUICORNIS. _M._ nigra, alis hyalinis, abdomine nitido
flavoque variegato.
_Male._ Length 7 lines. Black; the head and thorax very closely
punctured, thinly clothed with griseous pubescence, that on the face,
thorax beneath, and on the coxæ most dense and glittering; antennæ more
slender than is usual in this genus, and tapering to their apex, the
joints slightly subarcuate; the mandibles bidentate at their apex and
with a yellow spot at their base. Thorax: the posterior margin of the
prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, the tegulæ, and the postscutellum
yellow; the anterior and intermediate tibiæ ferruginous and more or less
dusky above, the posterior pair ferruginous beneath. Abdomen shining,
the margins of the segments deeply depressed; a small ovate spot on each
side of the first segment, the second and three following segments with
a narrow stripe on each side in the middle, yellow; the yellow markings
obscure; the apical segment coarsely rugose; beneath, the segments are
closely and strongly punctured.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. SCOLIA, _Fabr._
Division I. The anterior wings with two submarginal cells and two
recurrent nervures.
1. Scolia grossa, _Burm. Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle_, i. p. 23. (Tiphia
grossa, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 232. 4.)
_Hab._ Aru; Java.
The specimens of this species received from Aru are only 9 lines in
length; I have examined others from Celebes, Borneo, India, and Java,
showing every difference between 9 lines and 18 lines.
Division II. Anterior wings with two submarginal cells and one recurrent
nervure.
2. SCOLIA NITIDA. _S._ nitida, aterrima; alis æneo et violaceo splendidè
micantibus.
_Female._ Length 11 lines. Shining jet-black, the abdomen with prismatic
tints. The flagellum fusco-ferruginous beneath, the mandibles
ferruginous at their apex; the wings dark brown with a splendid lustre
of coppery and golden tints mixed with shades of violet. The head with a
few punctures behind the ocelli; the thorax with scattered punctures;
the metathorax finely but not closely punctured; the disk of the
mesothorax impunctate; the abdomen with fine scattered punctures; the
apical segment opake, rugose, and with its apical margin pale
testaceous; the abdomen beneath with strong distant punctures.
_Hab._ Aru.
3. SCOLIA FULGIDIPENNIS. _S._ nitida, nigra; abdomine prismatico, alis
fuscis viride et violaceo micantibus.
_Female._ Length 12-13 lines. Jet-black, shining; head very smooth, the
hinder margin of the vertex finely punctured, the face with a few fine
scattered punctures; the flagellum obscurely rufo-fuscous. Thorax finely
punctured, the disk of the mesothorax impunctate; wings dark brown with
a splendid green iridescence, with violet tints towards their base; the
legs thickly spinose and pubescent; the calcaria simple. Abdomen with
scattered fine punctures; the apical segment densely clothed with black
pubescence; beneath, with strong scattered punctures.
_Male._ Rather smaller than the female, much more closely punctured, and
not so shining and smooth; the face with a transverse arched carina
above the insertion of the antennæ, which enters the emargination of the
eyes; the clypeus strongly punctured; in other respects resembling the
female.
_Hab._ Aru.
This species belongs to Guérin's division Liacos, of which _S.
dimidiata_ is the type; the third discoidal cell is petiolated, the
petiole entering the second submarginal about the middle.
4. SCOLIA INSULARIS. _S._ nitida nigra; abdomine prismatico, alis
obscurè fuscis cupreo submicantibus.
_Male._ Length 7-9 lines. Shining black; head punctured, the vertex most
finely and distinctly so. Thorax punctured, the disk of the mesothorax
impunctate, the punctures wide apart on the scutellum and metathorax;
the wings dark brown with a coppery iridescence, which has a remarkable
dimness as if breathed upon. The basal segment of the abdomen strongly
and closely punctured; the following segments more finely and distantly
punctured, particularly the second and third segments.