closely punctured, the abdomen delicately so; the face clothed with pale
fulvous pubescence, the mandibles with two blunt teeth at their apex;
the clypeus shining and strongly punctured. Thorax: the wings subhyaline
with a slight cloud at their apex; the basal joint of the posterior
tarsi with a dense dark ferruginous pubescence within. Abdomen: the four
basal segments with transverse impressed lines in the middle; beneath,
clothed with bright ferruginous pubescence; the abdomen has an obscure
æneous tinge above.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. CROCISA, _Jurine_.
1. Crocisa nitidula, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 386. 2.
_Hab._ Aru; Key Island; Australia; Amboyna.
Gen. ALLODAPE, _St.-Farg._
1. ALLODAPE NITIDA. _A._ nitida nigra, clypeo flavo, alis hyalinis,
abdomine ad apicem punctato.
_Female._ Length 3 lines. Black and shining; the clypeus yellow,
produced in front; the sides of the face depressed; the ocelli
prominent and reddish. Thorax very smooth and shining; the wings
colourless and iridescent, their extreme base yellowish, the nervures
and stigma brown, the tegulæ pale testaceous-yellow; the posterior tibiæ
with a scopa of glittering white hairs, the tarsi ferruginous and with
glittering hairs. Abdomen, from the third segment to the apex, gradually
more and more strongly and closely punctured.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. XYLOCOPA, _Latr._
1. Xylocopa æstuans, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ i. p. 961. 53 [Symbol: female];
_St.-Farg. Hym._ ii. p. 193. 36 [Symbol: male] [Symbol: female].
_Hab._ Aru; India; Singapore; Celebes.
Gen. SAROPODA, _Latr._
1. Saropoda bombiformis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ p. 2. p. 318. 6.
_Hab._ Aru; Australia (Richmond River).
Gen. ANTHOPHORA, _Latr._
1. Anthophora zonata, _Linn. Syst. Nat._
_Hab_. Aru Island; Celebes; Ceylon; India; Borneo; Hong-Kong; Shanghai;
Philippine Islands.
2. ANTHOPHORA ELEGANS. _A._ nigra, pube capitis thoracisque nigrâ,
abdomine fasciis quatuor lætè cæruleis ornato; tibiis posticis
ferrugineo-pubescentibus.
_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the labrum, a narrow line down the
middle and another on each side of the clypeus, a minute spot above it,
and the scape in front testaceous yellow, the base of the mandibles of a
paler colour; the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax: the pubescence
black; wings subhyaline, the nervures dark rufo-fuscous, tegulæ
obscurely testaceous. Abdomen with four fasciæ of brilliant blue, which
is changeable, with pearly tints in different lights; the posterior
tibiæ densely clothed outside with fulvo-ferruginous pubescence; the
pubescence inside is black.
_Hab._ Key Island.
Gen. TRIGONA, _Jurine_.
1. Trigona læviceps, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._
ii. p. 51. 8.
_Hab._ Aru; Singapore; India.
Fam. FORMICIDÆ.
Gen. FORMICA.
1. Formica virescens, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ ii. p. 355. 23 [Symbol: male]
[Symbol: female] [Symbol: Mercury].--Lasius virescens, _Fabr. Syst.
Piez._ p. 417. 8.
2. Formica gracilipes, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._
ii. p. 55. 13 [Symbol: Mercury].
3. FORMICA FRAGILIS. _F._ pallidè testacea, elongata et gracilis, capite
posticè angustato; thorace medio compresso, pedibus elongatis; squamâ
incrassatâ triangulatâ.
_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous, smooth and slightly
shining; antennæ elongate, longer than the body, the flagellum slender
and filiform, the scape nearly as long as the head and thorax; head
oblong, narrowed behind the eyes into a kind of neck, the sides parallel
before the eyes, which are black and round, the clypeus slightly
emarginate anteriorly, the mandibles finely serrated on their inner
margin and terminating in a bent acute tooth. Thorax elongate, narrowest
in the middle, the prothorax forming a neck anteriorly; legs elongate
and very slender. Abdomen ovate, the node of the petiole incrassate, and
viewed sideways is triangular or wedge-shaped.
_Hab._ Aru.
This is one of those remarkable forms which recede so greatly from the
normal type of _Formica_ as apparently to indicate a generic
distinction; but in those exotic species of which we have obtained all
the forms, we find many which approach closely to the present insect,
which is probably only the small worker of some already described
species. No one would venture, without the authority of the personal
observation of some competent naturalist, to unite all the forms of any
exotic species of _Formica_.
4. FORMICA FLAVITARSUS. _F._ nigra, elongata et gracilis; thorace
posticè compresso, pedibus elongatis, tarsis flavis.
_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Black and subopake; head elongate, narrowed
behind, the clypeus truncate anteriorly, the mandibles pale ferruginous;
antennæ elongate and slender, the flagellum filiform and pale
rufo-testaceous; the thorax and legs elongate, the latter slender with
their tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the scale of the
petiole incrassate and slightly notched above.
_Hab._ Aru.
5. FORMICA COXALIS. _F._ nigra, nitida; flagello, coxis et abdomine
subtùs pallidè testaceis.
_Worker major._ Length 5 lines. Black and very delicately roughened with
a fine transverse waved striation only perceptible under a good
magnifying power. Head large, much wider than the thorax, oblong-ovate
with a deep emargination behind; the clypeus slightly produced and
truncate anteriorly, the angles of the truncation rounded, and with a
central shining carina; the flagellum, except the tarsal joint, pale
rufo-testaceous. Thorax elongate, compressed behind, the coxæ pale
rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the scale of the petiole incrassate,
somewhat wedge-shaped when viewed sideways, the abdomen sparingly
sprinkled with long pale hairs.
6. FORMICA CORDATA. _F._ pallidè rufa; abdomine fusco, capite cordato.
_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous; the head heart-shaped;
the eyes black, the flagellum fusco-ferruginous with the basal joints
pale; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax narrow, deeply strangulated at
the base of the metathorax. Abdomen more or less fuscous, the node of
the petiole narrow and pointed above; the entire insect is smooth and
shining.
_Hab._ Aru.
The _worker minor_ is rather smaller and has the abdomen darker, in all
the specimens received, but in other respects agrees with the above.
7. FORMICA OCULATA. _F._ pallidè ferruginea; capite oblongo, oculis
magnis, thorace compresso.
_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Pale ferruginous, with the vertex and apex
of the abdomen black; the head oblong, the sides nearly parallel, with
the anterior margin truncate; the mandibles with fine acute teeth on
their inner margin; the antennæ inserted wide apart about the middle of
the head; the eyes very large and ovate, placed backwards on the sides
of the head, reaching to the posterior margin of the vertex, forming as
it were its posterior lateral angles. The thorax narrow and compressed
behind; abdomen ovate, entirely smooth and shining.
_Hab._ Aru.
8. FORMICA MUTILATA. _F._ nigra; capite oblongo, truncato anticè et
sanguineo, antennis tarsisque rufo-testaceis.
_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black and shining; the head truncate
anteriorly, the antennæ inserted wide apart, about the middle, the face
blood-red before their insertion and deeply striated longitudinally,
behind the antennæ the head is black, smooth, and shining; the eyes
ovate and placed backwards on the sides of the head. Thorax rounded in
front and strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter
obliquely truncate; legs rather short and stout, the femora compressed,
the anterior pair broadly dilated, the base and apex of the femora, the
tibiæ, and tarsi rufo-testaceous, the tibiæ with a darker stain behind.
Abdomen oblong-ovate, the apical margins of the segments narrowly pale
testaceous; the scale of the petiole compressed, with its superior
margin rounded.
_Hab._ Aru.
This is a very singular insect in many respects, and closely resembles
in form the _Formica truncata_ of Spinola.
9. FORMICA QUADRICEPS. _F._ nigra, nitida; capite anticè obliquè
truncato, thorace posticè compresso.
_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Shining black; head oblong-quadrate,
slightly narrowed anteriorly, with the sides nearly straight, the
posterior angles rounded, and very slightly emarginate behind; the head
obliquely truncate from the base of the clypeus; the truncation as well
as the mandibles obscurely ferruginous; the apex of the flagellum and
the apical joints of the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax rounded
anteriorly, compressed behind, with the metathorax abruptly truncate.
The scale of the petiole narrow, incrassate, its anterior margin
slightly curved, its posterior margin straight; the abdomen ovate.
_Worker minor._ About 3 lines long, very like the larger _worker_, the
head being truncate in front; but it is, in proportion to the thorax,
narrower; the latter is compressed and abruptly truncate; in other
respects it agrees with the _worker major_.
_Hab._ Aru.
10. FORMICA LÆVISSIMA. _F._ nigra nitida lævissima, sparsè pilosa;
squamâ oblongâ subdepressâ.
_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Jet-black, very smooth and shining; head wider
than the thorax, slightly emarginate behind, the sides slightly rounded;
the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, the mandibles striated and
obscurely ferruginous; the scape with a few glittering silvery-white
hairs. Thorax not quite so wide as the head anteriorly, narrowed behind,
with the disk somewhat flattened, slightly convex, a deep strangulation
between the meso- and metathorax, the latter obliquely rounded; the legs
and abdomen sprinkled with glittering white hairs. The node of the
petiole incrassate, very slightly elevated; viewed sideways, broadly
wedge-shaped; the abdomen ovate.
_Hab._ Aru.
11. FORMICA NITIDA. _F._ capite abdomineque nigris, antennis thoraceque
pedibusque rufo-testaceis lævissimis et lucidis.
_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Head and abdomen shining black; the flagellum,
thorax, legs, and scale of the petiole rufo-testaceous; the legs palest;
the scape fuscous, with its base pale; the head large, wider than the
abdomen, and emarginate behind; the clypeus and mandibles obscurely
ferruginous. Thorax compressed, not strangulated in the middle. The
scale of the petiole narrow, with its margin rounded above; abdomen
ovate, and sprinkled with a few erect pale hairs.
_Hab._ Aru.
12. FORMICA SCRUTATOR. F. nigerrima, mandibulis tarsorumque articulo
apicali pallidè ferrugineis, thorace medio profundè coarctato.
_Worker._ Length 1-1/2--2 lines. Shining black; the mandibles pale,
ferruginous, with their inner margins finely denticulate; the eyes
placed rather forwards on the sides of the head, the latter emarginate
behind. Thorax deeply strangulated in the middle; the metathorax
elevated and obliquely truncate behind. Abdomen ovate; the scale of the
petiole sub-incrassate, with its margin rounded above; the insect very
thinly covered with a fine cinereous pile.
_Hab._ Aru.
13. FORMICA ANGULATA. F. nigra nitida; flagello capite anticè pedibusque
obscurè ferrugineis, metathorace angulato.
_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Shining black; head of moderate size; the
clypeus and mandibles obscure ferruginous; the flagellum
fusco-ferruginous, with the tip pale testaceous. Thorax rounded
anteriorly and compressed behind; the scutellum prominent, forming a
small tubercle; the metathorax obliquely truncate, the margin of the
truncation elevated, so that when viewed sideways the metathorax forms
an obtuse angular shape. Abdomen ovate, the node of the peduncle
elevated, incrassate, rounded anteriorly, and flat behind.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. POLYRHACHIS, _Smith_.
1. Formica sericata, _Guér. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. 203; _Atlas Ins._ pl.
8. f. 2, 2 _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, [Symbol: Mercury]. (Polyrhachis sericata,
_Smith, Append. Cat. Form._ p. 200.)
_Hab._ Aru; New Hebrides.
2. Formica sexspinosa, _Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm._ p. 126, pl. iv. f. 21
[Symbol: Mercury]. (Polyrhachis sexspinosa, _Smith, Cat. Form._ p. 56.
3.)
_Hab._ Aru; India; Philippine Islands.
3. POLYRHACHIS MARGINATUS. _P._ niger; antennis, palpis pedibusque
ferrugineis; thoracis marginibus recurvis, metathorace petiolique
squamulâ bidentatis.
_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Black; the antennæ and legs ferruginous;
the head and thorax rugose; the prothorax transverse, its anterior
margin slightly curved, with the lateral angles produced forwards and
very acute; the thorax narrowed to the metathorax, which is armed with
two divergent acute spines. Abdomen velvety black and globose; the scale
of the petiole produced laterally into long, bent, acute spines, which
curve backwards to the shape of the abdomen.
_Hab._ Aru.
4. POLYRHACHIS HOSTILIS. _P._ niger, longitudinaliter striatus, thoracis
marginibus expansis, metathorace squamulâque petioli spinis duabus
crassis acutis curvatis.
_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the head and thorax longitudinally
striated, the abdomen very finely and evenly so; the prothorax
transverse, wider than the head, the anterior and lateral margins
recurved, the latter acute at their anterior angles, and rounded at the
posterior ones; the lateral margins of the mesothorax recurved, a deep
notch between the meso- and metathorax; the latter with a long, stout,
curved, acute spine on each side. The scale of the petiole produced
above on each side, into a long, curved, stout, acute spine, which
curves backwards round the sides of the abdomen.
_Hab._ Aru.
5. POLYRHACHIS LONGIPES. _P._ niger; flagelli dimidio apicali tibiisque
anticis pallidè ferrugineis, prothorace petiolique squamulâ bidentatis.
_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the head and thorax finely rugose; the
antennæ elongate, longer than the insect; the apical half of the
flagellum pale ferruginous. Thorax rounded above, the sides not
margined; two spines on the thorax anteriorly, two on the metathorax,
and two on the scale of the petiole; the legs elongate, with the
anterior tibiæ ferruginous. Abdomen globose, sometimes rufo-fuscous, or
the base obscurely rufous.
_Hab._ Aru.
6. POLYRHACHIS SERRATUS. _P._ niger; capite thoraceque rugosis, abdomine
densè punctato, squamâ petioli transversâ, margine superno serratâ.
_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Black, with the antennæ and legs ferruginous.
Thorax oblong-quadrate or very slightly narrowed towards the metathorax,
slightly convex above, not margined at the sides, the divisions not
perceptible; the head and thorax rugose and pubescent. Abdomen globose,
shining, and closely punctured; the scale of the petiole transverse
above, produced into an acute spine on each side, the upper margin
finely serrated, the lateral margins narrowed to their base, and having
two or three small sharp spines.
_Hab._ Aru.
7. POLYRHACHIS SCUTULATUS. _P._ niger, fortiter politus et lucidus,
metathorace petiolique squamulâ dente longo curvato acuto in latere
utroque, pedibus nigro-ferrugineis.
_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black and very smooth and shining; the
legs dark ferruginous. Thorax: the disk expanded, slightly convex above,
with the margins acute and curving upwards; the anterior margin
transverse, rather wider than the head, with the lateral angles slightly
curved forwards, and very acute; the lateral margins of the prothorax
curved backwards and inwards; the margins of the mesothorax are rounded;
the pro- and mesothorax highly polished above, forming an
escutcheon-shaped disk; the metathorax opake, and sprinkled with a few
short glittering hairs, armed posteriorly with two long very acute
spines, divergent and directed backwards. Abdomen globose; the scale of
the petiole with two long curved acute spines, directed backwards to the
curve of the abdomen.
_Hab._ Aru.
8. POLYRHACHIS MUCRONATUS. _P._ lævis, nitidus, niger; thorace spinis
duabus crassis compressis acutis posticè armato.
_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Black, smooth, and shining, very
delicately and indistinctly aciculate; the antennæ beneath and the tibiæ
and femora obscurely ferruginous, the anterior and intermediate tibiæ
brightest; the apex of the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax transverse in
front, or very slightly curved, with the lateral angles acute; the
thorax is rounded above, and not margined at the sides; the metathorax
armed with two long, stout, acute compressed spines; the spines
divergent, as well as two on the scale of the petiole, which are long
and very acute. Abdomen globose.
_Hab._ Aru.
9. POLYRHACHIS GEOMETRICUS. _P._ niger; antennarum apice, tibiis
tarsorumque apice ferrugineis, thorace circulariter striato.
_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Black; the apical joints of the flagellum, the
anterior legs, the anterior and intermediate tibiæ, and the apical
joints of the tarsi pale ferruginous; the extreme base of the anterior
tarsi black. Thorax rounded above, not margined, gradually narrowed
posteriorly; the prothorax of the same width as the head, its lateral
angles toothed; the disk with a circular striation. Abdomen globose and
pubescent; the scale of the petiole compressed, its superior margin
rounded, and with four minute teeth.
_Hab._ Aru.
10. POLYRHACHIS IRRITABILIS. _P._ niger, pube pallidè aureâ vestitus;
thorace quadridentato, petioli squamulâ bidentatâ.
_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black, and densely clothed with short pale
golden pubescence; all parts of the insect sprinkled with erect
cinereous hairs; the mandibles shining black, the palpi pale testaceous;
the head elongate, the eyes placed high on the sides of the head,
ferruginous and very prominent. Thorax elongate-ovate; the prothorax
with a short, stout, acute tooth on each side, slightly curved and
directed forwards; the metathorax with a similar tooth on each side
directed backwards; the wings subhyaline, the nervures fuscous; the legs
fusco-ferruginous, the femora and coxæ brightest. Abdomen ovate; the
scale incrassate, armed above with two stout acute teeth.
_Hab._ Aru.
This is probably the female of _P. sexspinosus_.
11. POLYRHACHIS LÆVISSIMUS. _P._ niger, lævis nitidusque; metathorace
bispinoso, petioli squamulâ quadrispinosâ, pedibus ferrugineis.
_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black, very smooth and shining; the legs
ferruginous, with the coxæ, articulations, and the tarsi black. The
thorax not flattened above, or margined at the sides; the division
between the pro- and mesothorax distinct, that between the meso- and
metathorax not discernible, the latter with two erect acute spines; the
scale of the petiole with four short acute spines. Abdomen globose.
_Hab._ Aru.
This species is very like _P. mucronatus_; on close examination,
however, it is seen to be very distinct: it may be at once distinguished
by its larger head, which is wider than the thorax, rounded behind the
eyes, and widely emarginate behind.
12. POLYRHACHIS BELLICOSUS. _P._ capite abdomineque nigris, thorace
femoribusque rufis, thorace quadrispinoso, petioli squamulâ bihamatâ.
_Worker_. Length 3-1/2 lines. Black, with the scale of the petiole,
thorax, coxæ, and femora blood-red. Thorax: the lateral margins raised
above, with two slightly curved divergent spines in front, and two
stout, acute, long curved spines in the middle, directed backwards; the
scale of the petiole forming a long erect pedestal, which terminates
above in two much bent acute hooks, directed backwards, and being as
high as the basal segment of the abdomen; the spines and hooks black at
the apex. Abdomen ovate.
_Hab._ Aru.
13. POLYRHACHIS HECTOR. _P._ niger et vestitus pube pallidè aureâ;
prothorace petiolique squamulâ bispinosis, pedibus ferrugineis.
_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the apex of the scape and the legs
ferruginous; the extreme base of the tibiæ and the tarsi black; a stout
acute spine on each side of the prothorax, directed forwards; the thorax
flattened above, its lateral margins raised; the divisions of the
segments very distinctly impressed; the pale golden pubescence on the
abdomen thinner than on the head and thorax. The scale of the petiole
angled at the sides towards its summit, the angles dentate, the upper
margin straight, and at each lateral angle an acute spine, directed
backwards, and curved to the shape of the abdomen; the spines parallel.
_Hab._ Aru.
14. POLYRHACHIS RUFOFEMORATUS. _P._ niger, lævis, nitidus; femoribus
abdominisque squamulâ ferrugineis.
_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Black; head oblong; the eyes placed high
at the sides near the vertex, the front very prominent, with two
elevated carinæ in the middle, at the outside of which the antennæ are
inserted. Thorax: the divisions strongly marked, flattened above with
the sides elevated; the prothorax with an acute spine on each side
anteriorly; the coxæ and femora ferruginous, with the apex of the latter
more or less fuscous. Abdomen: the base and the scale ferruginous, the
latter angled at the sides and emarginate above.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. PONERA, _Latr._
1. Ponera rugosa, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. 66. 5.
_Hab._ Aru. Borneo.
2. PONERA SCULPTURATA. _P._ nitida nigra; capite, thorace abdominisque
segmentis primo et secundo profundè striatis, nodo spinis duabus acutis
armato; pedibus abdomineque apice ferrugineis.
_Worker._ Length 5 lines. Black and shiny, the legs obscurely
ferruginous as well as the mandibles; the head strongly and evenly
striated longitudinally. The prothorax with a circular striation above;
behind, the thorax is compressed, the sides being obliquely striated,
the striæ uniting and crossing the central ridge of the thorax. The node
of the petiole and basal segment of the abdomen with a curved striation,
the second segment longitudinally striated and depressed at its base,
which is smooth and shining; the basal half of the third segment is
longitudinally striated.
_Hab._ Aru.
This species is at first sight very like the _P. geometrica_ from
Singapore; but the striation of the abdomen alone will serve to
distinguish it.
3. PONERA PARALLELA. _P._ nigra, opaca; antennis, mandibulis, pedibus
abdominisque apice ferrugineis.
_Worker._ Length 3-1/4 lines. Opake black; the antennæ thick and
scarcely as long as the thorax, their apex and the mandibles bright
ferruginous; the legs somewhat obscure ferruginous, with the
articulations much brighter; the head a little wider than the thorax and
subovate; the thorax, node of the petiole, and the abdomen of nearly
equal width, the abdomen being slightly the widest; the node of the
petiole nearly quadrate; the apical margin of the first segment and base
of the second slightly depressed.
_Hab._ Aru.
4. PONERA QUADRIDENTATA. _P._ atro-fusca; antennis, facie anticè,
antennis, mandibulis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.
_Female._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Nigro-fuscous; the antennæ with a carina
between their base, the face anteriorly, the mandibles, the legs, and
the abdomen at its apex and beneath, ferruginous; the femora and coxæ
above, fuscous; the head subquadrate with the angles rounded; the eyes
small and placed forwards on the sides of the head towards the base of
the mandibles, the latter with four strong teeth on their inner margin.
Thorax oblong-ovate with the metathorax truncate; the wings
fusco-hyaline, the stigma large and black. Abdomen: the second segment
slightly narrowed at its base, the node of the petiole incrassate and
compressed, its upper margin rounded. The insect entirely covered with a
short downy cinereous pile, the abdomen having also a number of
scattered erect glittering hairs.
_Hab._ Aru.
Gen. ECTATOMMA, _Smith_.
1. ECTATOMMA RUGOSA. _E._ fusco-brunnea; capite, thorace, nodoque
rugosis; abdomine delicatulè aciculato.