=THEOBROMÆ OLEUM.= _Syn._ CACAO BUTTER. A concrete oil, obtained by
expression and heat from the ground seeds of _Theobroma Cacao_. Occurs in
cakes of a yellowish colour, of a pleasant cacao odour. Does not become
rancid from exposure to air. Contained in all the suppositories.
_Not official._——The following form good bases for
suppositories:——Theobroma oil, when melted, begins to solidify at 72°
Fahr.; stearine of cocoa-nut oil at 75° Fahr.; 4 of stearine and 2 of
mutton fat at 77° Fahr.; 4 of stearine and 1 spermaceti at 80° Fahr.
Stearine alone is, perhaps, a better substance than cacao butter for
making suppositories. It begins to solidify at 78° Fahr., but there is
stearine that solidifies at 120° Fahr.; this will not answer for
suppositories.
=THEOBRO′MINE.= A peculiar principle, closely resembling caffeine or
theine, found by Woskresensky in the seed of the _Theobroma Cacao_, or the
nuts from which chocolate is prepared. Its form is that of a light, white,
crystalline powder, which is rather less soluble than caffeine. It is
obtained like caffeine. See COCOA.
=THERI′ACA.= A name given in ancient pharmacy to various compound
medicines, chiefly electuaries or confections, employed as antidotes to
poisons or infection. The THERIACA ANDROMACHI, Ph. L. 1746, contained
above 60 ingredients. Mithridate and Venice treacle are examples of this
class. See TREACLE.
=THERMOM′ETERS.= FAHRENHEIT’S scale is the one generally employed in
England, while that of CELSIUS, or the CENTIGRADE scale, is principally
used on the Continent. REAUMUR’S is another scale occasionally employed.
DE LISLE’S thermometer was formerly used in Russia, and some other parts
of the north of Europe. As references to these scales are frequently met
with in books, it is useful to know their relative value, and the method
of reducing the one to the other. The boiling point of water is indicated
by 212° on Fahrenheit’s scale, 100° on the Centigrade scale, 80° on that
of Reaumur, and O° on that of De Lisle; the freezing point of water marks
32° Fahrenheit, and 0°, or zero, on the Centigrade and Reaumur, and 150°
on the scale of De Lisle. The 0°, or zero of Fahrenheit, is 32° below the
freezing point of water.
1. To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fahrenheit, multiply them by
9, divide the product by 5, and to the quotient add 32; that is——
Cent.° × 9 / 5 + 32 = Fahr.°
2. To reduce Fahrenheit’s degrees to Centigrade:
(Fahr.° - 32) × 5 / 9 = Cent.°
3. To reduce Reaumur’s to Fahrenheit’s:
Reau.° × 9 / 4 + 32 = Fahr.°
4. To convert Fahrenheit’s to Reaumur’s:——
(Fahr.° - 32) × 4 / 9 = Reaumur.°
Thermometers intended to register extreme degrees of heat are called
PYROMETERS (which _see_)
=THIBANT’S BALSAM.= FOR WOUNDS. Digest flowers of St John’s wort, one
handful in 1/2 pint of rectified spirit; then express the liquor, and
dissolve in it myrrh, aloes, and dragon’s blood, of each 1 dr., with
Canada balsam, 1/2 oz.
=THO′RIUM.= Th. _Syn._ THORINUM. A very rare element, belonging to the
group of earthy metals. Metallic base of thoria. It is obtained by the
action of potassium on the chloride of thorium, and washing the resulting
mass in water.
=THORN-APPLE.= See DATURA.
=THROAT AFFECTIONS.= We intend here only to allude to those arising from
exposure or cold. The list is, therefore, a short one. CROUP, one of the
most important, has been already briefly noticed.
QUINSY, or INFLAMMATORY SORE THROAT, commonly commences with stiffness and
pain on one side of the throat, and swelling of the tonsils, attended by
febrile symptoms, which increase as tumefaction advances, and sometimes
become extreme. There is great restlessness and anxiety, considerable
difficulty in swallowing even liquids, the respiration is painful and
laborious, and the speech obstructed. When the inflammation is not
resolved, these symptoms rapidly increase in severity, the patient suffers
the greatest misery, the tumour suppurates rapidly, the abscess bursts,
and with the rupture comes almost immediate relief. It occasionally
happens that the other side of the throat then becomes affected, and goes
through the same stages; but in general this is not the case, and the
patient rapidly recovers, a few detergent gargles and a light nutritious
diet being all that is required. Sometimes, at the very commencement of
the attack, the inflammation may be resolved by the patient sucking a
lozenge or powder, every hour or two, containing 1/4 or 1/2 grain of
tartarised antimony carefully triturated with about 20 gr. of lump sugar,
so as to keep up a constant state of nausea or vomiting for hours.
MALIGNANT SORE THROAT is marked by the inflammation of the tonsils being
more superficial; but no sooner does it occur than it passes into small
ulcers of varied colours and appearance, extending to the pharynx, and
spreading over the whole fauces into the nostrils, and even around the
glottis and down the œsophagus. These ulcers rapidly slough, and the
febrile symptoms of a typhoid character, which are present throughout,
become more or less severe. In this way the disease often hastens to a
fatal termination, and, being highly contagious, often extends itself to
all, or nearly all, the members of a family. The treatment must be similar
to that adopted for typhus fever. Stimulating gargles, containing
capsicum, the mineral acids, or port wine, are useful local remedies. See
DIPHTHERIA.
=THRUSH.= _Syn._ APHTHA, L. A disease of infancy, which, in its common
form, is marked by small white ulcers upon the tongue, palate, and gums.
In some cases it extends through the whole course of the alimentary canal,
and, assuming a malignant form, proves fatal. The treatment consists of a
gentle emetic of ipecacuanha wine, followed by an occasional dose of
rhubarb and magnesia, to keep the bowels clear, and to arrest diarrhœa.
The ulcerations may be touched with a little honey or borax; and if they
assume a dark colour, or there be much debility, astringents and tonics
should be had recourse to. In all cases the diet should be light, but
supporting, as imperfect nutrition is a common cause of the disease.
_In Animals._ Topical applications of alum or borax, glycerine, Condy’s
fluid; laxatives. The food should be cooling and digestible.
=THYMOL.= _Syn._ THYMIC ACID, C_{10}H_{14}O. This substance is the
oxygenated constituent of the essential oils of thyme (_Thymus vulgaris_),
horse mint (_Monarda punctata_), and (_Ptychotis ajowan_) a common
umbelliferous plant growing in India. Thymol is isomeric with cymilic
alcohol, and homologous with phenyl.
Thymol may be procured from either of the above sources by treatment with
caustic potash or soda, as described below, or by submitting the essential
oils to a low temperature for some days. When prepared by the first
process thymol occurs as an oily fluid; and when by the second, as a
crystalline solid.
The following are the details of the preparation of the liquid variety of
thymol as given by the Paris Pharmaceutical Society in their formulæ for
new remedies published in 1877:——
“Treat essential oil of thyme with an equal volume of an aqueous solution
of potash or soda, and shake several times to facilitate combination. The
thymol dissolves, forming a soluble compound, whilst the thymene, a
carbide of hydrogen, that accompanies it in the essence, does not combine
with the alkali and separates. Filter the solution obtained and treat with
an acid——hydrochloric acid, for example——which sets free the thymol. The
product should be purified by washing, dried, and distilled. Thymol was
obtained in fine tubular crystals by Flückiger and Hanbury, who exposed
oil of ajowan to a temperature of 0° C.; the oil so treated yielded 35 per
cent. of its weight of crystallised thymol. Mr Gerrard says it is stated
that oil of thyme yields as much as 50 per cent.
“As found in commerce, thymol consists of irregular broken crystals,
nearly transparent and colourless; the taste is burning and aromatic, sp.
gr. 1·028, but lighter than water when fused; its melting point is about
44° C. When once completely fused and allowed to cool to the ordinary
temperature, it will maintain itself in the fluid condition for several
days, but the contact of a crystal will at once cause it to crystallise.
It is freely soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzol, carbon
bisulphide, fats, and oils, and but sparingly in water and glycerin. The
alkaline hydrates of potash and soda are powerful solvents of thymol;
ammonia dissolves it but sparingly.
“The potash and soda solutions are spoken of by some authors as chemical
combinations; but the following test will demonstrate them otherwise. When
shaken with ether the thymol can be entirely removed, and obtained as a
neutral volatile residue.”[232]
[Footnote 232: “Thymol and its Pharmacy,” by A. W. Gerrard, F.C.S., ‘Ph.
Journ.,’ vol. viii, 3rd series, 645.]
With sulphuric acid thymol forms crystallisable colugated acid, the thymol
sulphuric having the formula HC_{10}H_{13}SO_{4}. Undiluted thymol is an
energetic caustic. According to Bucholz, thymol possesses ten times the
septic power of carbolic acid, over which it also has the advantage of
being non-poisonous, and of giving off an agreeable odour. Although
considerably dearer than carbolic acid, the much smaller quantity required
to produce an equivalent effect nearly equalises it in point of cost. It
is said to have been successfully employed in the antiseptic treatment of
wounds in destroying the fœtor arising from ulcerated surfaces and carious
bones; in the form of spray during surgical applications, as well as for
certain throat affections, and as an ointment and lotion in psoriasis and
other skin diseases. When thymol is to be used for lotions, injections,
inhalations, or spray solutions, the Paris Pharmaceutical Society
recommends 1 part of thymol to be dissolved in 4 parts of alcohol at 90°,
and this to be added to 995 parts of distilled water.
Dr Crocker, of University College Hospital, strongly recommends thymol
lotion to be prepared with glycerin, which, he says, obviates the drying
effect upon the skin produced by aqueous or spirituous solutions of the
thymol alone. According to Mr Gerrard, this lotion is prepared by
dissolving 1 part of thymol in 120 parts of glycerin, and reducing by
water to 600 parts. Dr Symes says he finds milk to be an excellent solvent
for thymol, of which it will take up readily to nearly 10 per cent. of its
weight. In cases, therefore, in which solutions are required of greater
strength than aqueous ones, he recommends the employment of the fluid.
An ointment varying in strength from 1 to 5 parts of thymol to 100 of
lard, is said by Mr Gerrard to be employed in our hospitals. In the
preparation of this ointment, it is of importance to first dissolve the
thymol in a few drops of spirits, and then to mix it with the lard. The
neglect of this precaution causes the undissolved particles of thymol
present in the ointment to act as a caustic irritant on the skin, and to
eat little holes in it. Mr Gerrard found vaseline an unsuitable and
objectionable vehicle for the application of thymol, since, after a few
days, an ointment prepared with it had its surface covered with minute
crystals of thymol.
The ‘Medical Times’ contains the following formula for the preparation of
thymol gauze for dressing wounds:——“Bleached gauze, 1000 parts;
spermaceti, 500; resin, 50; thymol, 16 parts.” This is said to yield an
extremely soft and pliant preparation, excellently adapted for wounds,
fitting accurately to them, and absorbing at the same time the blood and
secretions from them like a sponge would do. Dr Ranke has pointed out
that, in consequence of the great reduction in the amount of secretion
from wounds caused by the use of thymol, the consequent consumption of
bandages becomes so much less as to more than compensate for the great
difference in price between thymol and carbolic acid.
Another advantage possessed by thymol over carbolic acid is that the
redness, vesication, and eczema, frequently induced when dressings of the
latter agent are used, does not follow the application of thymol
dressings.
Mr Squire prepares an antiseptic adhesive plaster, containing 1 part of
thymol to a 1000 of plaster.
Mr Gerrard in operating upon nine different samples of commercial oil of
thyme (so-called oil of origanum) by means both of caustic soda and
refrigeration, states, that except in one doubtful case, he was unable to
obtain the slightest trace of thymol. From this circumstance Mr Gerrard
infers that thymol is not present in the English oils of thyme of
commerce, from which it must have been removed in the countries where it
is produced, the residual cymene and thymene being sent us is an oil of
thyme.
Large quantities of thymol are prepared in Germany, principally from the
seeds of the _Ptychotis ajowan_. One firm of chemical manufacturers
residing in Leipzig is reported to have sent out during the months of
September and November last year more than a ton of it. Thymol wadding is
also in extensive demand.
=TIC DOULOUREUX′.= [Fr.] According to a writer in one of the medical
periodicals, a solution of atropia, 2 gr., in water, 1 fl. dr., to which
nitric acid, 1 drop (minim), has been previously added, applied as a
paint, by means of a camel-hair pencil, to the part of the face over the
spot affected, immediately and completely subdues the pain, or, at all
events, within 3 to 5 minutes, in all accidental cases, and affords
considerable relief in others. The application is to be continued until
some relief is experienced. The solution, being very poisonous, must not
be taken internally, nor applied to the skin when broken. See ATROPIA and
NEURALGIA.
=TIN.= Sn. _Syn._ STANNUM (Ph. E. & D.), L. This metal has been known from
the most remote antiquity, being mentioned in the books of Moses (Numb.
xxxi, 22), and by Homer (‘Iliad,’ x, 25), and other early writers. The
ancients obtained it principally, if not solely, from Cornwall. The
Phœnicians traded with England for this metal at least 1000 years before
the birth of Christ.
Tin occurs in nature in the state of oxide, and, more rarely, as sulphide
(TIN PYRITES). In Cornwall it is found under the form of peroxide
(MINE-TIN, TIN-STONE), associated with copper ore, in the slate and
granite rocks, and as an alluvial deposit (STREAM-TIN) in the beds of
rivers.
_Prep., &c._ The ore is first reduced to powder in stamping-mills, washed
to remove earthy matter, and then roasted to expel arsenic and sulphur; it
is next deoxidised or reduced by smelting it with about 1-6th of its
weight of powdered culm, and a little slaked lime; it is, lastly, refined
by ‘liquation,’ followed by a second smelting of the purer portion, which,
after being treated in a state of fusion, for some time with billets of
green wood, or ‘tossed,’ as the workmen call it, is allowed to settle, and
is then cast into large blocks, which, after being assayed, receive the
stamp of the duchy. Two varieties of commercial tin are known, called
respectively grain tin and bar tin. The first is the best, and is prepared
from the stream ore.
_Prop._ Tin approaches silver in whiteness and lustre; in hardness it is
intermediate between gold and lead; it is very malleable when pure, but
the presence of a very small quantity of any other metal, particularly
lead, deprives it of this property; when rubbed it evolves a peculiar
odour, and when bent backwards and forwards it emits a peculiar crackling
noise; it melts at 442° Fahr.; volatilises at a white heat; and when
heated above its melting-point, with free access of air, is speedily
converted into a yellowish-white powder, which is the peroxide, or the
‘putty powder’ of polishers. Sp. gr. 7·29 to 7·31.
_Pur._ It is almost entirely dissolved by hydrochloric acid, yielding a
colourless solution; the precipitate thrown down by hydrate of potassium
is white, and soluble in excess of the precipitant. If it contain arsenic,
brownish-black flocks will be separated during the solution, and
arseniuretted hydrogen evolved, which may be inflamed and tested in the
usual manner. The presence of other metals in tin may be detected by
treating the hydrochloric solution with nitric acid, sp. gr. 1·16, first
in the cold, and afterwards with heat, until all the tin is thrown down in
the state of insoluble stannic oxide. The decanted acid solution from pure
tin leaves no residuum on evaporation. If, after all the acid has been
dissipated by heat, dilution with water occasion a heavy white
precipitate, the sample contained bismuth; if, after dilution, a solution
of sulphate of ammonium or of sodium produce a similar white precipitate
(sulphate of lead), it contained lead; if ammonia, added in excess,
occasion reddish-brown flocks, or if ferricyanide of potassium give a blue
precipitate, it contained iron; and, if the clear supernatant liquid leave
a residuum on evaporation, copper.
_Tests._ The stannous salts are characterised as follows:——1. Hydrate of
potassium gives a bulky white precipitate, readily soluble in excess of
the precipitant; on concentrating the solution, the precipitate is changed
from stannous hydrate into stannic hydrate, which remains in solution, and
metallic tin, which separates in brown flakes.——2. Ammonia, and the
carbonates of potassium, sodium, and ammonium, give white precipitates,
insoluble in excess.——3. Sulphuretted hydrogen gives, in neutral and acid
solutions, a dark brown precipitate, which is soluble in hydrate of
potassium, in the alkaline sulphides (especially when they contain an
excess of sulphur), and in strong hot hydrochloric acid; and insoluble in
nitric acid, even when boiling.——4. Sulphide of ammonium produces a like
brown precipitate, soluble in excess of the precipitant, provided the
latter contains an excess of sulphur.——5. Terchloride of gold gives, in
the cold, on the addition of a little nitric acid, a precipitate of the
purple of Cassius.——6. Mercuric chloride gives a black precipitate, but in
excess it produces a white one.
=Stannous Chloride.= SnCl_{2}. _Syn._ PROTOCHLORIDE OF TIN. _Prep._
(ANHYDROUS.) Distil a mixture of tin and mercuric chloride. Grey,
resin-like, solid, fusible, and volatile.
(HYDRATED; TIN SALT.) Boil an excess of tin in hydrochloric acid. A
powerful deoxidising agent. It is somewhat extensively used as a mordant
in dyeing.
=Stannous Hydrate.= Sn(HO)_{2}. _Syn._ HYDRATED OXIDE OF TIN. _Prep._
Precipitate stannous chloride with carbonate of potassium, well wash, and
dry under 196°. Greyish-white powder, soluble in acids and alkaline
hydrates, except ammonia.
=Stannous Iodide.= SnI_{2}. _Syn._ PROTIODIDE OF TIN. Heat tin and iodine
together. A fusible brownish-red, translucent substance, soluble in
water.
=Stannous Oxide.= SnO. _Syn._ PROTOXIDE OF TIN. _Prep._ Ignite the hydrate
in an atmosphere of carbonic anhydride. Black powder, inflammable in air,
and insoluble in acids.
=Stannous Sulphide.= SnS. _Syn._ PROTOSULPHIDE OF TIN. A brittle
bluish-grey substance, obtained by heating tin and sulphur.
The stannous salts behave with reagents as follows:——1. Hydrate of
potassium, ammonia and alkaline carbonates, give a white precipitate,
which is freely soluble in an excess of hydrate of potassium and in acids,
sparingly soluble in excess of ammonia, only very slightly soluble in
excess of carbonate of potassium, and insoluble in excess of carbonate of
ammonium.——2. Sulphuretted hydrogen gives, in acid neutral solutions, a
golden-yellow precipitate, either at once or on heating the liquid, which
is readily soluble in pure hydrate of potassium, the alkaline sulphides,
and boiling hydrochloric acid; less soluble in ammonia, and insoluble in
nitric acid.——3. A plate of metallic zinc throws down metallic tin, under
the form of grey scales or a spongy mass, from solutions free from nitric
acid; and from those containing free nitric acid, white stannic
hydrate.——4. Mercuric chloride gives a white precipitate.——5. Ferrocyanide
of potassium gives no precipitate at first, but after a time the whole
forms a thick jelly.
_Assay._ Each grain of stannic oxide (see _above_), after being washed and
gently ignited, is equivalent to ·78365 gr. of pure tin. The loss of
weight represents the impurities. Each gr. of sulphate of lead, so
treated, is equiv. to ·683 gr. of metallic lead (nearly).
_Uses._ The uses of tin in the arts are well known. In medicine, 1 to 3
dr. of the filings or powder, made into an electuary with treacle, are
sometimes given in tapeworm, for 2 or 3 successive mornings, followed by
an aperient.
=Stannic Chloride.= SnCl_{4}. _Syn._ BICHLORIDE OF TIN, TETRACHLORIDE OF
TIN, PERCHLORIDE OF TIN, PERMURIATE OF T.†; STANNI BICHLORIDUM, STANNI
PERMURAS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Liebig.) By dissolving grain tin in a mixture of
hydrochloric acid, 2 parts; nitric acid and water, of each 1 part (all by
volume); observing to add the tin by degrees, and to allow one portion to
dissolve before adding another, as without this precaution the action is
apt to become violent, and stannic oxide of tin to be deposited.
2. (ANHYDROUS; LIBAVIUS’S FUMING LIQUOR.) By heating stannous chloride in
chlorine gas; or, by distilling a mixture of powdered tin, 1 part, with
corrosive sublimate, 3 parts (5 parts——Fownes). A very volatile,
colourless, mobile liquid, which fumes in the air, and boils at 248°
Fahr.; when mixed with 1-3rd of its weight of water, it solidifies to a
crystalline mass.
_Obs._ Solution of stannic chloride is much used by dyers, under the
names of ‘SPIRITS OF TIN,’ ‘DYERS’ SPIRITS,’ ‘TIN MORDANT,’ &c., the
proportions of the ingredients and the state of dilution being various,
according to circumstances or the caprice of the manufacturer. A process,
which has been highly recommended, and which seems preferable to all
others, is to prepare a simple solution of the stannous chloride, and to
convert it into a solution of the stannic chloride, either by the addition
of nitric acid and a gentle heat, or by passing chlorine through it. See
TIN MORDANTS.
=Stannic Hydrate.= Sn(HO)_{4}. _Syn._ HYDRATED PEROXIDE OF TIN, STANNIC
ACID. _Prep._ By adding hydrate of potassium or an alkaline carbonate to a
solution of stannic chloride. Soluble in acids and pure alkalies. Its
compound with the latter are sometimes called STANNATES.
=Stannic Iodide.= SnI_{4}. By dissolving stannic hydrate in hydriodic
acid. Yellow, silky crystals.
=Stannic Oxide.= SnO_{2}. _Syn._ BINOXIDE OF TIN, PEROXIDE OF TIN. _Prep._
By the action of nitric acid on metallic tin, the resulting white powder
being well washed with water; or, by heating metallic tin above its
melting-point, in the air. Yellow; anhydrous; insoluble.
_Obs._ Frémy has given the name of METASTANNIC ACID to the oxide prepared
by the action of nitric acid on metallic tin; the hydrate he calls STANNIC
ACID. See POLISHERS’ PUTTY.
=Stannic Sulphide.= SnS_{2}. _Syn._ BISULPHIDE OF TIN, BRONZE POWDER,
MOSAIC GOLD; AURUM MUSIVUM, AURUM MOSAICUM, STANNI BISULPHURETEM, L.
_Prep._ 1. To pure tin, 12 oz., melted by a gentle heat, add of mercury, 6
oz.; to the powdered mass, when cold, add of chloride of ammonium, 6 oz.;
flowers of sulphur, 7 oz; and after thorough admixture place the compound
in a glass flask or matrass, and gradually heat it, imbedded in sand, to
low redness, and continue the heat for several hours, or until white fumes
cease to be disengaged; the ‘aurum musivum’ remains at the bottom of the
vessel, under the form of soft and very brilliant gold-coloured flakes.
2. (Berzelius.) Stannic oxide and sulphur, of each 2 parts; chloride of
ammonium, 1 part; mix, and expose it to a low red heat, in a glass or
earthenware retort, until sulphurous fumes cease to be evolved.
Used as a metallic gold colour, or substitute for powdered gold, in
bronzes, varnish work, sealing-wax, &c.
=TIN FI′LINGS.= See TIN POWDER (_below_).
=TINFOIL, Lead in.= Tinfoil very rarely consists of pure tin; generally it
contains more or less lead. According to the recent analysis of August
Vogel, who has examined a great number of samples from very different
sources, it contains from 1 to 19 per cent. of lead. There are, however,
specimens of tinfoil which contain so little lead that it hardly gives a
reaction with the appropriate tests.
Since tinfoil is so much used for covering articles of diet, or of
confectionery, or of perfumery, it was a matter of some interest to
determine whether or not there was any danger of transference of lead from
the wrapper to the contents. A number of experiments upon soap, chocolate,
and different kinds of dry sugar, which had been enveloped in tinfoil very
highly charged with lead, showed that there was no contamination with
lead. Cheese, on the other hand, on account of its being moist, and being
closely in contact with the foil, did take up lead.
Of course the lactic acid of the cheese would also favour the taking up of
the metal. A point worthy of being recorded in connection with this matter
is the rapid diminution of the lead toward the centre of the cheese. Often
plenty of lead was found in the rind, and none a little way in the
cheese.[233]
[Footnote 233: ‘Repertorium für Pharmacie,’ Von Buchnee.]
=TIN GLASS†.= See BISMUTH.
=TIN MOR′DANTS.= _Syn._ DYERS’ SPIRIT, SOLUTION OF TIN, SPIRIT OF T.,
NITROMURIATE OF T.† These, as noticed above, vary greatly in their
composition and character.
_Prep._ 1. Take of aquafortis, 8 parts; sal ammoniac or common salt, 1
part; dissolve, and add, very gradually, of grain tin, 1 part; and, when
dissolved, preserve it in stoppered bottles from the air. This is the
common ‘SPIRIT OF TIN’ of the dyers.
2. (Berthollet.) Nitric acid, at 30° Baumé, 8 parts; sal ammoniac, 1 part;
dissolve, then add by degrees, of tin, 1 part; and when dissolved, dilute
the solution with 1-4th of its weight of water.
3. (Dambourney.) Hydrochloric acid, at 17° Baumé, 4 parts; nitric acid, at
30° Baumé, 1 part; mix, and add by degrees, of Molucca tin, 1 part.
4. (Hellot.) Nitric acid and water, of each 1 lb.; sal ammoniac, 1 oz.;
nitre, 1/2 oz.; dissolve, then add, by degrees, of granulated tin, 2 oz.
5. (Poerner.) Nitric acid and water, of each 1 lb.; sal ammoniac, 1-1/2
oz.; dissolve, then add, by very slow degrees, of pure tin. beaten into
ribands, 2 oz.
6. (Schoeffer.) Nitric acid and water, of each 2 lbs.; sal ammoniac, 2
oz.; pure tin, 4-1/2 oz.; as last. All the above are used chiefly for
dyeing scarlet, more particularly with cochineal.
7. (LAC SPIRIT.) From grain tin, 1 lb, slowly dissolved in hydrochloric
acid (sp. gr. 1·19), 20 lbs. Recommended as a solvent for lac dye. For
use, 3/4 to 1 lb. of the liquid is digested on each lb. of the dye for 5
or 6 hours, before adding it to the dye bath.
8. Hydrochloric acid, 6-3/4 lbs.; aquafortis, 1/2 lb.; grain tin,
gradually added, 1 lb. Recommended for lac dye.
=TIN-PLATE.= Iron-plate covered with a coating of tin, by dipping it into
a bath of that metal.
=TIN POW′DER.= _Syn._ TIN FILINGS, TIN DUST; STANNI PULVIS (Ph. E & D.),
L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. E.) Melt grain tin in an iron vessel, pour it into an
earthenware mortar heated a little above its melting-point, and triturate
briskly as the metal cools; lastly, sift the product, and repeat the
process with what remains in the sieve.
2. (Ph. D.) Melt grain-tin in a black-lead crucible, and, whilst it is
cooling, stir it with a rod of iron until it is reduced to powder; let the
finer particles be separated by means of a sieve, and when, after having
been several times in succession shaken with distilled water, the decanted
liquor appears quite clear, let the product be dried for use.
_Obs._ Powdered tin is also prepared by filing and rasping.——_Dose_, 2 to
4 dr., as a vermifuge. POLISHERS’ PUTTY, coloured with ivory black, is
frequently substituted for this powder, and hence arises the ill effects
that sometimes follow its use.
=TIN′NING.= _Proc._ 1. Plates or vessels of brass or copper, boiled with a
solution of stannate of potassa, mixed with turnings of tin, become, in
the course of a few minutes, covered with a firmly attached layer of pure
tin.
2. A similar effect is produced by boiling the articles with tin filings
and caustic alkali or cream of tartar.
_Obs._ By either of the above methods chemical vessels made of copper or
brass may be easily and perfectly tinned.
3. The following method for tinning copper, brass, and iron in the cold,
and without apparatus, is by F. Stolba.[234]
[Footnote 234: ‘The Pharmacist,’ iv, 86.]
The requisites for accomplishing this object are:——1st. The object to be
coated with tin must be entirely free from oxide. It must be carefully
cleaned and care be taken that no grease spots are left; it makes no
difference whether the object be cleaned mechanically or chemically. 2nd.
Zinc powder; the best is that prepared artificially by melting zinc, and
pouring it into an iron mortar. It can be easily pulverised immediately
after solidification; it should be about as fine as writing sand. 3rd. A
solution of protochloride of tin containing 5 or 10 per cent., to which as
much pulverised cream of tartar must be added as will go on to the point
of a knife. The object to be tinned is moistened with the tinned solution,
after which it is rubbed hard with the zinc powder. The tinning appears at
once. The tin-salt is decomposed by the zinc, metallic tin being
deposited. When the object tinned is polished brass or copper, it appears
as beautiful as if silvered, and retains its lustre for a long time. 4th.
(C. Paul.)[235] The zinc or iron articles are immersed in a mixture of 1
part sulphuric or nitric acid with 10 parts of water; a solution of copper
sulphate or acetate is then slowly added. After the deposition of a thin
layer of copper, the articles are removed, washed, moistened with a
solution of 1 part ‘tin crystals,’ in 2 parts water and 2 parts
hydrochloric acid, and then shaken up with a mixture of fine chalk and
copper. Ammonium sulphate, which is prepared by dissolving 1 part of
copper sulphate in 16 parts of water, and adding ammonia until a clear
dark blue liquid is obtained.
[Footnote 235: Dingl. Polyt, J., ccviii, 47-49, ‘Journ. Chem. Soc.’]
The articles may now be tinned by immersion in a solution of 1 part of tin
crystals with 3 parts white argol in water. Brass, copper, or nickel
goods, also iron and zinc articles which have been copper-plated, may be
silvered by treatment (after thorough cleansing), with a solution of 14
grams silver in 26 grams of nitric acid, to which is added a solution of
120 grams of potassium cyanide in 1 litre water, and also 28 grams of
finely powdered chalk.
=TINS, To Clean.= All kinds of tins, moulds, measures, &c., may be cleaned
by being well rubbed with a paste made of whiting and water. They should
then be rubbed with a leather, and any dust remaining on them should be
removed by means of a soft brush. Finally, they must be polished with
another leather. Always let the inside of any vessel be cleaned first,
since in cleaning the inside the outside always becomes soiled. For very
dirty or greasy tins, grated bath-brick and water must be used.
=TINC′TURE.= _Syn._ TINCTURA, L.; TEINTURE, Fr. Tinctures (TINCTURÆ;
ALCOOLÉS, ALCOOLATURES) are solutions of the active principles of bodies,
obtained by digesting them in alcohol more or less dilute. ETHEREAL
TINCTURES (TINCTURÆ ÆTHEREÆ; ETHÉROLÉS, ETHÉROLATURES) are similar
solutions prepared with ether.
_Prep._ “Tinctures are usually prepared by reducing the solid ingredients
to small fragments, coarse powder, or fine powder, macerating them for 7
days, or longer, in proof spirit or rectified spirit, straining the
solution through linen or calico (or paper), and finally expressing the
residuum strongly, to obtain what fluid is still retained in the mass.
They are also advantageously prepared by the method of displacement or
percolation.” (Ph. E.) “All tinctures should be prepared in closed glass
(or stoneware) vessels, and be shaken frequently during the process of
maceration.” (Ph. L.) Cooper’s patent jars are very convenient for the
preparation of tinctures, as they are made with wide mouths large enough
to admit the hand, and yet may be closed in an instant, with as much ease
and certainty as an ordinary stoppered bottle.
Tinctures are better clarified by repose than by filtration, as in the
latter case a considerable portion is retained by the filtering medium,
and lost by evaporation. The waste in this way is never less than 10% of
spirit. In all ordinary cases, it is sufficient to allow the tincture to
settle for a few days, and then to pour off the clear supernatant portion
through a funnel loosely choked with a piece of sponge or tow; after which
the remaining foul portion of the liquid may be filtered through bibulous
paper in a covered funnel. The filtration should be conducted as rapidly
as possible, for the double purpose of lessening the amount lost by
evaporation and the action of the air on the fluid. Tinctures which have
been long exposed to the air frequently lose their transparency within a
few days after being filtered, owing to the oxidisement and precipitation
of some portion of the matter previously held in solution, a change which
occurs even in stoppered bottles. Resinous and oily tinctures, as those of
myrrh, tolu, and lavender (comp.), may be generally restored to their
former brightness by the addition of a quantity of rectified spirit, equal
to that which they have lost by evaporation; but many tinctures resist
this mode of treatment, and require refiltering.
Ethereal tinctures are best prepared by percolation, and should be both
made and kept in stoppered bottles.
Mr Umney says:——It must always be remembered that the quantity of spirit
required to make the measure of tinctures to a given bulk, will only be
strictly uniform, in so far as the operators proceed under precisely the
same circumstances.
No causes will be found to influence results more than the manufacture of
tinctures upon a small, as compared with a large, scale, and the use of
the screw as compared with the hydraulic press, in the final removal of
the spirit from the mare; even the temperature of summer and winter may
cause a variation in the results.
_Qual._ The tinctures of the shops are usually very uncertain and inferior
preparations, owing to their manufacture being carelessly conducted, and
refuse drugs and an insufficient quantity of spirit being employed in
their production. It is a general practice among the druggists to
substitute a mixture of equal parts of rectified spirit and water, or a
spirit of about 26 u. p., for proof spirit; and a mixture of 2 galls. of
water with 5 galls. of rectified spirit, for rectified spirit. In some
wholesale drug-houses all the simple tinctures (except those that are of a
very active or valuable kind, as LAUDANUM, for instance) are made with 1
lb. of the dry ingredient to the gall. of spirit, irrespective of the
instructions in the Pharmacopœia. Appearance is the object which is alone
aimed at, without reference to quality. If the tincture be perfectly
transparent, and has a good colour, the conscience of the seller and the
stomach of the consumer are alike satisfied.
_Assay._ 1. The RICHNESS in ALCOHOL may be readily determined by Brande’s
method of alcoholometry; but more accurately by the method of M.
Gay-Lussac (see ALCOHOLOMETRY). That of tinctures containing simple
extractive, saccharine, or like organic matter, in solution, may be
approximately found from the boiling-point, or from the temperature of the
vapour of the boiling liquid.
2. The QUANTITY of SOLID MATTER per cent. may be ascertained by
evaporating to dryness 100 grains-measure, in a weighed capsule, by the
heat of boiling water.
3. The QUANTITY of the INGREDIENTS used in the preparation of tinctures
may be inferred from the weight last found, reference being had to the
known per-centage of extract which the substances employed yield to spirit
of the strength under examination. When the ingredients contain alkaloids,
or consist of saline or mineral matter, an assay may be made for them.
_Uses, &c._ Tinctures, from the quantity of alcohol which they contain,
are necessarily administered in small doses, unless in cases where
stimulants are indicated. The most important and useful of them are those
that contain very active ingredients, such as the tincture of opium,
foxglove, hemlock, henbane, &c. In many instances the solvent, even in
doses of a few fluid drachms, acts more powerfully on the living system
than the principles it holds in solution; and, when continued for some
time, produces the same deleterious effects as the habitual use of ardent
spirits. When the action of a substance is the reverse of stimulant, it
cannot with propriety be exhibited in this form, unless the dose be so
small that the operation of the spirit cannot be taken into account, as
with the narcotic tinctures. Hence, this class of remedies are in less
frequent use than formerly.
The following list embraces all the formulæ of the tincturæ of the London,
Edinburgh, Dublin, and British Pharmacopœias, with a few others likely to
be useful to the reader. These will furnish examples for the preparation
of others in less general use, care being had to proportionate the
ingredients with due reference to the proper or usual dose of tinctures of
that class.
=Tincture of Ac′etate of I′ron.= _Syn._ TINCTURA FERRI ACETATIS (B. P.,
Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Solution of persulphate of iron, 5; acetate
of potash, 4; rectified spirit, q. s.; dissolve the acetate of potash in
20 of water and add 16 of spirit to the solution of iron; mix the two
liquids, and shake well occasionally for an hour, then filter, and add to
the filtered liquid sufficient rectified spirit to make up 40.——_Dose_, 5
to 30 minims.
2. (Ph. D.) To water, 9 fl. oz., add of pure sulphuric acid, 6 fl. dr.;
and in the mixture, with the aid of a gentle heat, dissolve sulphate of
iron, 8 oz.; next add of pure nitric acid, 1/2 fl. oz., previously diluted
with water, 1 fl. oz., and evaporate the resulting solution to the
consistence of a thick syrup; dissolve this in rectified spirit, 1 quart;
also dissolve of acetate of potash, 8 oz., in another quart of rectified
spirit; and having thoroughly mixed the solutions, by frequent agitation
in a large bottle, filter the whole, with expression, first through
calico, and then through paper. Sp. gr. ·891.——_Dose_, 15 to 60 drops, in
water, in the same cases as in the other chalybeates.
=Tincture of Acetate of Zinc.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ZINCI ACETATIS, L. _Prep._
(Ph. D. 1826.) Acetate of potash and sulphate of zinc, of each 1 oz.; rub
them together, then add of rectified spirit, 16 fl oz.; macerate for a
week, and filter. Astringent. Diluted with water, it is used as a
collyrium and injection.
=Tincture of Ac′onite.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ACONITI (Ph. L.), TINCT. ACONITI
RADICIS (B. P., Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Powdered root, 1; rectified
spirit to percolate, 8; macerate for 48 hours with three fourths of the
spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator and let it drain,
then pour on the remaining spirit; when it ceases to drop, press the marc
and add spirit to make up 8.——_Dose_, 5 to 15 minims, twice or thrice a
day.
2. (Ph. L.) Take of aconite root, coarsely powdered, 15 oz. (20 oz.——Ph.
D.); rectified spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7 days, press, and filter.
_Obs._ These tinctures differ materially in strength.——_Dose._ Of the Ph.
L., 5 to 10 drops; of the Ph. D., 3 to 6 drops, two or three times daily
(carefully watching its effects); in rheumatism, gout, syphilis, &c.,
where a narcotic sedative is indicated. Diluted with water, it forms an
excellent embrocation in rheumatism, neuralgia, &c. It should be applied
by means of a small sponge, tied to the end of a stick or glass rod. The
Ph. D. formula is nearly the same as that for Dr Turnbull’s concentrated
tincture of aconite root, and that given by Dr Pereira. The TINCTURA
ACONITI FOLIORUM of the Ph. U. S. is made with 1 oz. of the dried leaves
to 8 fl. oz. of rectified spirit.
=Tincture of Aconite, Ethereal.= _Syn_. TINCTURA ACONITI ÆTHEREA. (P.
Cod.) _Prep._ Powdered aconite, 4 oz.; sulphuric ether, 16 oz. (by
weight). It is best prepared by percolation.
=Tincture of Ailanthus Bark.= _Syn._ TINCTURA AILANTHI CORTICIS. _Prep._
Take Of ailanthus bark, bruised, 1-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; macerate
for seven days in a closed vessel with occasional agitation, then strain,
press, filter, and add sufficient spirit to make 1 pint.——_Dose._ From 1/2
to 2 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Al′oes.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ALOËS (B. P., Ph. L. & E.), L.
_Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Socotrine aloes, 1; extract of liquorice, 3; proof
spirit, 40; macerate seven days, press, and wash the marc with spirit to
make 40.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Socotrine or hepatic aloes, coarsely powdered, 1 oz.; extract
of liquorice, 3 oz.; water, 1-1/2 pint; rectified spirit, 1/2 pint;
macerate for 7 days, and filter. The formula of the Ph. E. is nearly
similar. Purgative and stomachic.——_Dose_, 1/4 to fl. oz.
=Tincture of Aloes, Alkaline.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ALOËS ALKALINA. (Swediaur.)
_Prep._ Aloes, 1/2 oz.; extract of liquorice, 1-1/2 dr.; cinnamon water, 8
oz.; proof spirit, 8 oz.; carbonate of soda, 1 oz. Digest, and
strain.——_Dose_, 1 dr. to 4 dr.
=Tincture of Aloes (Compound).= _Syn._ TINCTURE OF ALOES AND MYRRH;
TINCTURA ALOËS COMPOSITA (Ph. L.), TINCTURA ALOËS ET MYRRHÆ (Ph. E.),
ELIXIR ALOËS†, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. & E.) Socotrine or hepatic aloes,
coarsely powdered, 4 oz.; hay saffron, 2 oz.; tincture of myrrh, 1 quart;
macerate for 7 days, with occasional agitation, and strain. The Dublin
College (1826) omits the saffron.
2. (Wholesale.) From aloes, 1 lb.; myrrh, 3/4 lb.; hay saffron, 2 oz.;
rectified spirit, 5 pints; water, 3 pints; as the last. Purgative,
stomachic, and emmenagogue.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Amber.= _Syn._ TINCTURA SUCCINI. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Amber, in
fine powder, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 6 oz. Digest for 6 days and
filter.——_Dose_, 20 to 30 drops.
=Tincture of Amber, Alkaline.= _Syn._ TINCTURA SUCCINI ALKALINA. (Ph. E.
1744.) _Prep._ Rub 2 oz. of amber with a sufficient quantity of carbonate
of potash to form a soft paste; dry this, and digest it in 16 oz. of
rectified spirit for 8 days.
=Tincture of Ambergris.= _Syn._ TINCTURA AMBERGRISEÆ. (P. Cod.) _Prep._
Ambergris, 1 part; rectified spirit, 10 parts. Macerate 10 days.
=Tincture of Ammo′′nia (Compound.)= _Syn._ TINCTURA AMMONIÆ COMPOSITA (Ph.
L.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Mastic, 2 dr.; rectified spirit, 9 fl. dr.;
digest until dissolved, decant, add, of oil of lavender, 14 drops;
stronger solution of ammonia, 1 pint; and mix well.
2. (Ph. L. 1836; AQUA LUCIÆ; EAU DE LUCE.) As the last, but adding 4 drops
of oil of amber along with the oil of lavender.
_Obs._ This preparation is reputed antacid, antispasmodic, and
stimulant.——_Dose_, 10 to 20 drops, in water; in hysteria, low spirits,
&c. In the East Indies, eau de luce is regarded almost as a specific for
the bite of the cobra di capello and other venomous reptiles.
=Tincture of Ammo′′nia-chlo′′ride of I′ron.= _Syn._ AMMONIATED TINCTURE OF
IRON, MYNSIGHT’S A. T. OF I.; TINCTURA FERRI AMMONIO-CHLORIDI (Ph. L.).
TINCTURA FERRI AMMONIATI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Ammonio-chloride of iron, 4
oz.; proof spirit and distilled water, of each 1 pint; dissolve.——_Dose_,
20 to 60 drops, or more; as a stimulant, chalybeate tonic. “A fl. oz. of
this, on potassa being added, yields 5·8 gr. of sesquioxide of iron.” (Ph.
L.)
=Tincture of Ammoniacum.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GUMMI AMMONIACI. (P. Cod.)
_Prep._ Gum ammoniacum, 4 oz.; rectified spirit, 20 oz. (by weight).
Digest 10 days, and strain.
=Tincture of Angelica.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ANGELICA. (Aust. Ph.) _Prep._
Dried angelica root, 1 oz.; proof spirit, 6 oz. Digest, and
filter.——_Dose_, 1 dr.
=Tincture of Angostu′ra.= Tincture of cusparia.
=Tincture, Antiscorbutic.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ANTISCORBUTICA, TINCTURA
ARMORACUE COMPOSITA. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Fresh horseradish root, 8 oz.;
black mustard seed, 4 oz.; muriate of ammonia, 2 oz.; proof spirit, 16 oz.
(by weight); compound spirit of scurvy grass, 16 oz. (by weight). Macerate
10 days.
=Tincture of Ants.= _Syn._ TINCTURA FORMICARUM. (Ph. G.) _Prep._ Ants
recently collected, cleaned, and bruised, 2 oz.; rectified spirit, 3 oz.
(by weight). Digest 8 days.
=Tincture of Ar′nica.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ARNICAE, T. A. FLORUM, L. _Prep._
(Ph. Bor. and Hamb. Cod.) Flowers of _Arnica montana_, 1-1/2 oz.; spirit,
sp. gr. ·900 (15-1/2 o. p.), 1 lb.; digest for 8 days, and strain, with
expression.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 drops; in diarrhœa, dysentery, gout,
rheumatism, paralysis, &c.
=Tincture of Arnica Root.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ARNICAE (B. P.), TINCTURA
ARNICÆ RADICIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Bruised root, 1; rectified spirit to
percolate, 20; macerate forty-eight hours with 15 of the spirit, agitating
occasionally; pack in a percolator, and, when it ceases to drop, pour on
the remaining spirit, let it drain, wash the marc, press, filter, and make
up to 20——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
2. From arnica root, 2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; as the last.
=Tincture, Aromatic.= _Syn._ TINCTURA AROMATICA. (Gr. Ph.) _Prep._
Cinnamon, 4 oz.; cardamoms, 1 oz.; cloves, 1 oz.; galangal root, 1 oz.;
ginger, 1 oz.; all in coarse powder; proof spirit, 3 lbs. 2 oz. (by
weight). Macerate 8 days, and strain.
=Tincture, Aromat′ic.= Compound tincture of cinnamon.
=Tincture of Artichoke.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CYNARÆ. _Prep._ Fresh artichoke
leaves, bruised, 2 lbs.; rectified spirit, 1 lb. Digest for 7 days,
express and filter.
=Tincture of Assafœtida.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ASSAFŒTIDÆ (Ph. L., E., & D.),
L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Assafœtida (small fragments), 1; rectified spirit,
8; macerate seven days, strain, filter, and add spirit to make 8.——_Dose_,
1/2 dr. to 1 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Assafœtida (small), 5 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; macerate
for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D), and filter. “It cannot be made by percolation
with delay.” (Ph. E.)
3. (Wholesale.) Assafœtida, 2-1/2 lbs.; boiling water, 2 quarts; dissolve,
add of rectified spirit, 1-1/2 gall.; agitate well for 3 or 4 days, then
let it settle, and decant the clear portion.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.;
in hysteria, flatulent colic, &c.
=Tincture of Assafœtida (Ammo′′niated).= See FETID SPIRIT OF AMMONIA.
=Tincture of Assafœtida, Ethereal.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ASSAFŒTIDÆ ETHEREA.
(P. Cod.) _Prep._ Assafœtida, 1 part; alcoholised ether, 5 parts (by
weight). Macerate for 10 days. The ether is made by mixing equal weights
of ether and rectified spirit.
=Tincture, Asthmat′ic.= Compound tincture of camphor.
=Tincture, Astringent.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ASTRINGENS. (Dr Copland.) _Prep._
Catechu, 1/2 oz.; myrrh, 1/2 oz.; Peruvian bark, 2 dr.; balsam of Peru,
1-1/2 dr.; spirit of horseradish, 1-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1-1/2 oz.
Digest. For sponginess of the gums.
=Tincture, Balsamic.= _Syn._ TINCTURA BALSAMICA. (P. E. 1744.) _Prep._
Copaiba, 1 oz.; balsam of Peru, 3 dr.; balsam of Tolu, 2 dr.; benzoin, 1/2
dr.; saffron, 1 scruple; rect. spirit, 16 oz.; digest 4 days in a sand
bath, and strain.
=Tincture, Balsam of Copaiba.= _Syn._ TINCTURA BALSAMI COPAIBÆ.
(Guibourt.) _Prep._ One part of copaiba to 8 of alcohol. Digest and
filter.
=Tincture of Balsam of Gilead.= _Syn_. TINCTURA BALSAMI GILEADENSIS.
(Guibourt.) _Prep._ One part of balsam to 8 of rectified spirit.
=Tincture of Bal′sam of Peru.= _Syn._ TINCTURA BALSAMI PERUVIANI, L.
_Prep._ (Ph. L. 1788.) Balsam of Peru, 4 oz.; rectified spirit, 16 fl.
oz.; dissolve. Pectoral, stimulant, and fragrant.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 drops.
=Tincture of Balsam of Tolu.= Tincture of Tolu.
=Tincture of Bark.= Tincture of cinchona.
=Tincture of Belladon′na.= _Syn._ TINCTURA BELLADONNÆ (B. P., Ph. L. &
D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) The dried leaves in coarse powder, 1; proof
spirit, 20; macerate forty-eight hours in 15 of the spirit, agitating
occasionally; pack in a percolator, and when it ceases to drop, add the
remaining spirit, let it drain, wash and press the marc; filter and make
up 20.——_Dose_, from 5 to 20 minims.
2. (Ph. L.) Dried leaves of belladonna, 4 oz. (5 oz. in coarse powder——Ph.
D.); proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7 days (14——Ph. D.), press, and
filter.
3. (Wholesale.) From the dried leaves, 1 lb.; proof spirit, 1 gall.;
macerate 14 days.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 drops, gradually increased; also
externally, diluted with water.
=Tincture of Benzoin.= _Syn._ TINCTURA BENZOINI. (Ph. G.) _Prep._ Benzoin,
2 oz.; rectified spirit, 10 oz. (by weight). Digest for 8 days, frequently
shaking; then filter.
=Tincture of Ben′zoin (Compound.)= _Syn._ FRIAR’S BALSAM, TRAUMATHC B.,
BALSAM FOR CUTS, COMMANDER’S BALSAM, VERVAIN’S B., WOUND B., JESUITS’
DROPS, WADE’S D.; TINCTURA BENZOINI COMPOSITA (B. P., Ph. L. & E.), TINCT.
BENZOËS COMP., BALSAMUM TRAUMATICUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Benzoin, 8;
prepared storax, 6; balsam of Tolu, 2; socotrine aloes, 1-1/2; rectified
spirit, 80; macerate seven days, filter, and wash the marc with spirit to
make up 80.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr., triturated with mucilage or yolk of
egg.
2. (Ph. L.) Gum benzoin, coarsely powdered, 3-1/2 oz.; prepared storax,
2-1/2; balsam of Tolu, 10 dr.; Socotrine or hepatic aloes, in coarse
powder, 5 dr.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; macerate, with frequent
agitation, for 7 days, and strain.
3. (Ph. E.) Benzoin, 4 oz.; balsam of Peru, 2-1/2 oz.; East Indian
(hepatic) aloes, 1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart.
_Obs._ Either of the above formulæ produces a most beautiful tincture,
truly balsamic. The following is, however, very generally employed by the
wholesale druggists, and the product, though possessing a very rich
colour, is thin and watery.
4. (Wholesale.) From gum benzoin, 4 lbs.; aloes (lively coloured), 1-1/4
lb.; liquid storax, 1 lb.; balsam of Tolu, 1/4 lb.; powdered turmeric
(best), 9 oz.; rectified spirit, 5-1/2 galls.; digest with frequent
agitation for 10 days, then add of hot water, 1-1/2 gall., again digest
for 4 days, and, after 24 hours’ repose, decant the clear portion.
_Dose_, 10 drops to 2 fl. dr.; as a stimulating expectorant, in chronic
coughs, and various breath affections. It is also employed to stop the
bleeding from cuts, &c., and promote their healing.
=Tincture, Bitter.= _Syn._ TINCTURA AMARA (Ph. G.) _Prep._ Unripe oranges,
2 oz.; centaury, 2 oz.; gentian root, 2 oz.; zedoary root, 1 oz.; proof
spirit, 35 oz. (by weight). Digest 8 days, and strain.
=Tincture, Bitter Stomach′ic.= Tincture of gentian.
=Tincture of Black Snake-root.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CIMICIFUGÆ, TINCTURA ACTÆÆ
RACEMOSÆ. _Prep._ Bruised root of black snake-root, 4 oz.; proof spirit,
16 oz.——_Dose_, 1 dr. to 2 dr.
=Tincture of Blessed Thistle.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CARDUI BENEDICTI. (Ph.
Bruns) _Prep._ Blessed thistle, 6 oz.; rectified spirit, 2 pints.
=Tincture of Blood Root.= _Syn._ TINCTURA SANGUINARIÆ. (Ph. U. S.) _Prep._
Blood root in moderately fine powder, 4 oz.; proof spirit, 32 oz.; made by
percolation.——_Dose._ As a stimulant and alterative, 30 to 60 drops; as an
emetic, 3 to 4 dr.
=Tincture, Brandish’s.= Alkaline tincture of rhubarb.
=Tincture of Buchu.= _Syn._ TINCTURA DIOSMÆ, T. BUCKU (Ph. E.), T. BUCHU
(B. P., Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Buchu bruised, 1; proof spirit, 8;
macerate for forty-eight hours with 3/4 of the spirit, pack in a
percolator and let it drain, then pour on the rest of the spirit; when it
ceases to drop, press and wash the marc, filter and make up to 8.——_Dose_,
1 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. E.) Buchu leaves, 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate 7 days
(14 days——Ph. D.); or proceed by the method of percolation.——_Dose_, 1 to
4 fl. dr.; as a tonic, sudorific, and diuretic. It is inferior to the
fresh infusion.
=Tincture of Calum′ba.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CALUMBÆ (B. P., Ph. L. &. E.), T.
COLOMBÆ (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Bruised calumba, 1; proof spirit,
8; macerate forty-eight hours with 6 of the spirit, agitating
occasionally; pack in a percolator, and let it drain, then pour on the
remaining spirit; when it ceases to drop, press, and wash the marc with
spirit to make up 8.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Calumba root, finely sliced, 3 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart;
macerate a week (14 days.——Ph. D.), press, and filter. “Or, more
conveniently, by percolation, allowing the calumba, in moderately fine
powder, to first soak in a little spirit for 6 hours.” (Ph. E.)
_Obs._ This tincture is commonly made with 1 lb. of calumba root to the
gallon of a mixture of equal parts of rectified spirit and water.——_Dose_,
1 to 2 fl. dr.; as a stomachic bitter and tonic, usually joined with soda
or chalybeates.
=Tincture of Cam′phor.= _Syn._ SPIRIT OF WINE AND CAMPHOR, CAMPHORATED
SPIRIT; TINCTURA CAMPHORÆ; (Ph. E. & D.), SPIRITUS CAMPHORÆ (Ph. L.),
SPIRITUS CAMPHORATUS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. E.) Camphor, 2-1/2 oz.; rectified
spirit, 1 quart; dissolve. This is only one half as strong as the Ph. L.
preparation.
2. (Ph. D.) Camphor, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 8 fl. oz. Stimulant and
anodyne.——_Dose_, 10 to 60 drops. Also as a liniment for sprains, bruises,
chronic rheumatism, &c. For the Ph. L. formula, see SPIRIT.
=Tincture of Camphor (Compound).= _Syn._ CAMPHORATED TINCTURE OF OPIUM
ASTHMATIC ELIXIR, PAREGORIC E., ASTHMATIC TINCTURE; TINCTURA CAMPHORÆ
COMPOSITA (B. P., Ph. L.), TINCTURA OPII CAMPHORATA (Ph. E. & D.), ELIXIR
PAREGORICUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Opium, in coarse powder, 40 gr.;
benzoic acid, 40 gr.; camphor, 30 gr.; oil of anise, 1/2 dr.; proof
spirit, 20 oz.; macerate seven days, strain, wash the marc with spirit,
and filter 20 oz.——_Dose_, 15 to 60 minims.
2. (Ph. L.) Camphor, 50 gr.; powdered opium and benzoic acid, of each 72
gr.; oil of aniseed, 1 fl. dr.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7
days, and filter. The formulæ of the Ph. E. & D. are nearly similar. The
oil of aniseed, probably one of the most useful and characteristic of the
ingredients, was omitted in the Ph. L. 1824, but was restored in that of
1836.
3. (Wholesale.) From powdered opium, 3 oz.; benzoic acid, camphor, and oil
of aniseed, of each 2 oz.; rectified spirit and water, of each 3 galls.;
as before.
_Obs._ This tincture is a popular and excellent pectoral and anodyne,
where there are no inflammatory symptoms.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.; in
troublesome coughs, &c. 1/2 fl. oz. contains about 1 gr. of opium.
=Tincture of Canthar′ides.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS (B. P., Ph. L.,
E., & D.), TINCTURA LYTTÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Cantharides, in coarse
powder, 1; proof spirit, 80; macerate, agitating occasionally, for seven
days, in a closed vessel, strain, press, filter, and add sufficient proof
spirit to make up 80.——_Dose_, 5 to 20 minims.
2. (Ph. L.) Powdered cantharides, 4 dr. (1/2 oz.——Ph. D.), and strain,
with expression.
3. (Wholesale.) From powdered cantharides, 2-1/4 oz.; rectified spirit and
water, of each 1/2 gall.; as the last.——_Dose_, 10 drops, gradually raised
to 1 fl. dr., in any bland liquid; in fluor albus, gleets, incontinence of
urine, lepra, &c. It should be used with caution. The Ed. College
recommends it to be prepared by displacement.
=Tincture of Cantharides (Ethereal).= _Syn._ TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS ETHEREA.
(P. Cod.) _Prep._ Powdered cantharides, 1 oz.; acetic ether, 10 oz. (by
weight). Macerate for 10 days in a stoppered bottle, express, and filter.
=Tincture of Capsicum.= _Syn._ TINCTURE OF CAYENNE PEPPER; TINCTURA
CAPSICI (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Capsicum,
bruised, 1; rectified spirit, 27; macerate 48 hours with three fourths of
the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator, and let it
drain, then pour on the remaining spirit; as soon as it ceases to drop,
wash the marc with spirit to make up 27.——_Dose_, 10 to 20 minims.
2. (Ph. L.) Capsicum, bruised, 10 dr.; proof spirit, 1 quart; digest 14
days (or percolate,——Ph. E.).——_Dose_, 10 to 60 drops; in atonic
dyspepsia, scarlet fever, ulcerated sore throat, &c. It is also made into
a gargle.
3. (Ph. D.) Cayenne pods, bruised, 1-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint;
macerate for 14 days. This is of fully twice the strength of the
preceding.
=Tincture of Capsicum (Concentrated).= See ESSENCES.
=Tincture of Capsicum with Veratria.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CAPSICI CUM
VERATRIA. (Dr Turnbull.) _Prep._ Dissolve 4 gr. of veratria in 1 oz. of
concentrated tincture of capsicum.
=Tincture of Card′amoms.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CARDAMOMI (Ph. E.), TINCT. AMOMI
REPENTIS, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1836.) Cardamom seeds, 3-1/2 oz. (4-1/2
oz.——Ph. E.); proof spirit, 1 quart; digest for 14 days (or percolate——Ph.
E.).
_Obs._ The shells should be sifted from the seeds before maceration, and
the latter are preferably ground in a pepper-mill instead of being bruised
in a mortar. Aromatic and carminative.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 fl. dr., as an
adjunct to purgative mixtures.
=Tincture of Cardamoms (Compound).= _Syn._ STOMACHIC TINCTURE; TINCTURA
CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D), TINCTURA STOMACHICA, L.
_Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Cardamom seeds, freed from their pericarps, bruised, 1;
caraway, bruised, 1; raisins, freed from their seeds, 8; bruised cinnamon,
2; cochineal, in powder, 1/2; proof spirit, 80; macerate 48 hours with 3/4
of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator, and let it
drain, pour upon it the remainder of the spirit, and, when it ceases to
drop, press, wash the marc with spirit to make up 80.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2
dr.
2. (P. L.) Cardamoms (without the shells), caraways, and cochineal, of
each, bruised, 2-1/2 dr.; cinnamon, bruised, 5 dr.; raisins, stoned, 5
oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate 7 days, then strain, with expression.
3. (Ph. E., and Ph. L. 1836.) As the last, but using only 1 dr. of
cochineal, and macerating 14 days; or, “it maybe prepared by the method of
displacement.” (Ph. E.)
4. (Wholesale.) From cardamoms and caraway seeds, of each 4 oz.; cochineal
(s. g.), 6 oz.; cassia, 8 oz.; sultana raisins, 5 lbs.; proof spirit, 4
galls. (or rectified spirit and water, of each, 2 galls.); macerate, &c.,
as before.
_Obs._ The Dublin College omitted the cochineal and raisins in their Ph.
of 1826, but have restored them in their new one. The order of the London
College to stone the raisins is seldom adopted in practice; by which the
tincture is rendered unfit to be employed in dispensing prescriptions
containing quinine or other alkaloids. When pharmaceutists are too lazy to
follow the instructions in their Pharmacopœia, they had better use sultana
raisins, which have no stones.——_Dose_, 1 to 4 fl. dr.; as a cordial and
stomachic, but chiefly as an adjunct, for its colour and flavour.
=Tincture of Cascaril′la.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CASCARILLÆ (B. P., Ph. L., E.,
& D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Cascarilla, bruised, 1; proof spirit, 8;
macerate 48 hours with 6 of the spirit, agitating occasionally; pack in a
percolator, let it drain, and pour on the remainder of the spirit, and,
when it ceases to drop, wash the marc, press, filter, and make up
8.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Cascarilla, bruised, 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate
for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.; or percolate——Ph. E.). An excellent tonic and
stomachic; chiefly employed as an adjunct to mixtures, &c.——_Dose_, 1 to 2
fl. dr.
=Tincture of Cas′sia.= _Syn._ TINCTURE CASSIÆ (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph.
E.) Cassia, 3-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7 days, or
percolate. Stomachic and carminative.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Castor.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CASTOREI (B. P., Ph. L. & E.),
TINCT. CASTOREI ROSSICI, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Castor, in coarse powder,
1; rectified spirit, 20; macerate seven days, strain, and wash the marc
with spirit sufficient to make up to 20.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Castor, bruised, 2-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 7 days (or percolate——Ph. E.).
_Obs._ The Dublin College ordered Russian castor in their Ph. of 1826; but
the scarcity and high price of that variety, we fear, too often precludes
its use. The tincture of the shops is usually made with only 8 oz. of
castor to the gall. of proof spirit. Nervine and antispasmodic.——_Dose_,
20 drops to 2 fl. dr.; in hysteria, epilepsy, &c.
=Tincture of Castor (Ammo′′niated).= _Syn._ ELIXIR FŒTIDUM, TINCTURA
CASTOREI COMPOSITA, T. C. AMMONIATA (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Castor,
bruised, 2-1/2 oz.; assafœtida, in small fragments, 10 dr.; spirit of
ammonia, 1 quart; digest 7 days in a well-closed vessel. Stimulant and
antispasmodic.——_Dose_ and _uses_, as the last. With the addition of 1/2
oz. of opium, it forms the Elixir Uterinum, or Elixir Castorei Thebaicum
of foreign Pharmacopœias.
=Tincture of Castor (Ethereal).= _Syn._ TINCTURA CASTOREI ÆTHEREA. (P.
Cod.) _Prep._ Castor, in powder, 1 oz.; alcoholised ether (see ETHEREAL
TINCT. OF ASSAFŒTIDA), 10 oz. (by weight).
=Tincture of Castor Oil Seeds.= _Syn._ TINCTURA RICINI. Castor oil seeds
bruised are digested with five times their weight of rectified spirit.
This tincture is stated to be 4 times the strength of the oil.
=Tincture of Cat′echu.= _Syn._ COMPOUND TINCTURE OF CATECHU; TINCTURA
CATECHU COMPOSITA (Ph. L.), T. CATECHU (B. P., Ph. E. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1.
(B. P.) Pale catechu, in coarse powder, 2-1/2; cinnamon, bruised, 1; proof
spirit, 20: macerate for seven days with agitation, strain, press, and
filter, and add spirit to make up 20.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Catechu, in powder, 3-1/2 oz. (4 oz.——Ph. D.); cinnamon,
bruised, 2-1/2 oz. (2 oz.——Ph. D.); proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7
days (or percolate——Ph. E.).
3. (Wholesale.) From catechu, 2 lbs.; oil of cassia, 3 fl. dr.; rectified
spirit and water, of each 1 gall.; macerate for 10 days.——_Dose_, 1 to 2
fl. dr., as a warm astringent; in diarrhœa, &c., either alone, or combined
with chalk.
=Tincture of Cevadilla.= _Syn._ TINCTURA SABADILLÆ. (Dr Turnbull.) _Prep._
Digest the seeds of cevadilla (freed from their capsules), and bruised,
for ten days in as much rectified spirit as will cover them; express and
filter. For external use only in rheumatism.
=Tincture of Chamomile.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ANTHEMIDIS. (Aust. Ph.) Dried
chamomile flowers, 2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint.
=Tincture of Chiret′ta.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CHIRAYTÆ (B. P.), TINCTURA
CHIRAYTA, T. CHIRETTÆ (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ (B. P.) Chiretta, cut small and
bruised, 1; proof spirit, 8; macerate 48 hours with 6 of the spirit,
agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator, and let it drain, then pour
on the remaining spirit; when it ceases to drop, press, and wash the marc
with spirit to make up 8.——_Dose_, 15 to 60 minims; B. Ph. dose 1/2 to 2
dr.
2. (Ph. D.) Chiretta or chirayta (bruised), 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 14 days. Tonic and stomachic.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Chloroform (Compound).= _Syn._ TINCTURA CHLOROFORMI
COMPOSITA. (B. P.) _Prep._ Mix 2 fl. oz. of chloroform with 8 fl. oz.
of rectified spirit and 10 fl. oz. of compound tincture of
cardamoms.——_Dose_, 20 to 40 minims.
=Tincture of Cinchona.= _Syn._ TINCTURE OF BARK; TINCTURA CINCHONÆ (B. P.,
Ph. L., E., & D.), T. CORTICIS PERUVIANI, T. C. P. SIMPLEX, L. _Prep._ 1.
(B. P.) Yellow cinchona bark, in coarse powder, 4; proof spirit, 20;
macerate 48 hours with 15 of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a
percolator and let it drain, then pour on the remaining spirit, and when
it ceases to drop, press, and wash the marc with spirit to make
30.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Yellow cinchona bark (bruised), 8 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 14 days (or percolate——Ph. E.).
_Obs._ The Dublin College orders pale bark, and the Edinburgh either
species, according to prescription.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 fl. dr.; as a tonic,
stomachic, and febrifuge.
=Tincture of Cinchona (Ammoniated).= _Syn._ TINCTURA CINCHONÆ AMMONIATÆ.
(Ph. L. 1824.) _Prep._ Peruvian bark, 4 oz.; aromatic spirit of ammonia,
32 fl. oz. Macerate for 10 days.——_Dose_, 1/2 dr. to 1 dr.
=Tincture of Cinchona (Compound).= _Syn._ COMPOUND TINCTURE OF BARK,
HUXHAM’S T. OF B., FEVER TINCTURE; TINCTURA CINCHONÆ COMPOSITÆ (B. P.),
TINCTURA CINCHONÆ COMPOSITÆ (Ph. L., E., & D.), TINCT. CORTICIS PERUVIANI
COMPOSITA, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Pale cinchona bark, in coarse powders;
bitter orange peel, cut small and bruised, 2; serpentary, bruised, 1;
saffron, 1/4; cochineal, 1/8; proof spirit, 40: macerate 48 hours with 30
of spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator and let it drain,
then pour on the remainder of the spirit; when it ceases to drop, press,
and wash the marc with spirit to make up 40.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Pale bark, bruised, 4 oz.; dried bitter orange-peel, 3 oz. (2
oz.——Ph. D.); serpentary root, bruised, 6 dr.; hay saffron, 2 dr.;
cochineal, in powder, 1 dr.; macerate for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.; or
percolate——Ph. E.); press, and filter.
3. (Wholesale.) From pale bark, 3-1/2 lbs.; dried orange peel, 2 lbs.;
serpentary root, 4 oz.; hay saffron, 1 oz.; cochineal, 1/2 oz.; proof
spirit, 4 galls. (or rectified spirit and water, of each 2 galls.);
macerate for 14 days.
_Obs._ in the Ph. E. yellow bark is ordered.——_Dose_ and _use_, as the
last.
=Tincture of Cinchona (Pale).= _Syn._ TINCTURE OF PALE BARK; TINCTURA
CINCHONÆ PALLIDÆ (Ph. L.), L. _Prep._ From pale bark, as the last.
=Tincture of Cinna′mon.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CINNAMOMI (B. P., Ph. L. & E.),
L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Cinnamon, in coarse powder, 1; proof spirit, 8;
macerate 48 hours with 6 of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a
percolator and let it drain, then pour on the remaining spirit; when it
ceases to drop, press, and wash the marc with spirit to make up 8.
2. (Ph. L.) Cinnamon, bruised, 3-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate
for 7 days (or percolate——Ph. E.). In the shops cassia is usually
substituted for cinnamon, and spirit 26 u. p. for proof spirit.——_Dose_, 1
to 4 fl. dr.; as a cordial, aromatic, and stomachic.
=Tincture of Cinnamon (Compound).= _Syn._ AROMATIC TINCTURE; TINCTURA
CINNAMOMI COMPOSITA (Ph. L., E., & D.), T. AROMATICA, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph.
L.) Cinnamon, bruised, 1 oz.; cardamoms (bruised, without the shells), 1/2
oz.; long pepper and ginger, of each 2-1/2 dr.; proof spirit, 1 quart;
digest for 7 days (or percolate——Ph. E.). The Ph. E. omits the ginger, and
uses 1/2 oz. more cardamoms.
2. (Ph. D.) Cinnamon, 2 oz.; cardamoms, 1 oz.; ginger, 1/2 oz.; proof
spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 14 days. The following form is current in
the wholesale houses.
3. Cassia, 1 lb.; cardamoms, 6 oz.; long pepper and ginger, of each
1/4 lb.; oil of cassia, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; proof spirit, 4 galls, (or
rectified spirit and water, of each 2 galls.). Cordial, aromatic,
stomachic.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 fl. dr.; in atonic gout, debility,
flatulence, &c.
=Tincture of Cloves.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CARYOPHYLLI. (Guibourt.) _Prep._
Cloves, 2 oz.; rectified spirit, 16 oz. Macerate 10 days.
=Tincture of Coch′ineal.= _Syn._ TINCTURA COCCI CACTI (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._
1. (B. P.) Cochineal, in powder, 1; proof spirit, 8: macerate 7 days;
strain, and wash the marc with spirit to make up 8.——_Dose_, 30 to 90
minims twice a day. Used chiefly for colouring medicines.
2. (Ph. D.) Cochineal, in fine powder, 2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint.
Antispasmodic and sedative; but chiefly employed for its colour.——_Dose_,
1/2 to 2 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Cochineal (Ammoniated).= _Syn._ TINCTURA COCCI AMMONIATA. (Dr
Eberle.) _Prep._ Cochineal, 1/2 oz.; water of ammonia, 1/2 oz.; rectified
spirit, 8 fl. oz.——_Dose_, 5 drops in hooping-cough.
=Tincture of Col′chicum.= _Syn._ GOUT TINCTURE, TINCTURE OF MEADOW
SAFFRON; TINCTURA COLCHICI SEMINUM (B. P.); TINCTURA COLCHICI (Ph. L., &
E.), T. SEMINUM COLCHICI (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. Colchicum seed, bruised,
1; proof spirit, 8: macerate 48 hours with 6 of the spirit, agitating
occasionally, pack in a percolator, and let it drain, then pour on the
remainder of the spirit; when it ceases to drop, wash the marc with spirit
to make up 8.——_Dose_, 15 to 30 minims.
2. (Ph. L.) Seeds of meadow saffron (_Colchicum autumnale_), bruised
(finely ground in a coffee-mill——Ph. E.), 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.; or percolate——Ph. E.); then press,
and filter.——_Dose_, 15 to 20 drops to 1 fl. dr.; in gout, &c.
=Tincture of Colchicum Bulbs.= _Syn._ TINCTURA COLCHICI E RADICE. (P.
Cod.) _Prep._ Macerate 1 part of the bulbs in 5 parts (by weight) of proof
spirit, for 10 days.
=Tincture of Colchicum (Compound).= _Syn._ TINCTURA COLCHICI COMPOSITA
(Ph. L.), SPIRITUS COLCHICI AMMONIATUS, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Colchicum
seeds, bruised, 5 oz.; aromatic spirit of ammonia, 1 quart; digest for 7
days, then press, and filter.——_Dose_, 20 drops to 1 fl. dr.; in gout, &c.
=Tincture of Colchicum Flowers.= _Syn._ TINCTURA FLORUM COLCHICI; EAU
MEDICINALE D’HUSSON. (Dr Wilson.) _Prep._ Take of the fresh juice of
colchicum flowers, 2 parts; French brandy (or proof spirit), 1 part; mix,
and in a few days decant, or filter, and preserve it in small bottles in a
cool place.
=Tincture of Colocynth.= _Syn._ TINCTURA COLOCYNTHIDIS. (Ph. G.)
Colocynth, 1 part; rectified spirit, 10 parts. _Dose_, 6 to 20 drops.
=Tincture of Contrayerva.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CONTRAYERVÆ. (P. Cod.) _Prep._
Contrayerva root, 4 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint.
=Tincture of Copai′ba (Alkaline).= _Syn._ TINCTURA COPAIBÆ ALKALINE, L.
_Prep._ (Lewis Thompson.) Dissolve carbonate of potassa, 2 oz., in water,
1 pint, and add to this balsam of copaiba, in a thin stream, constantly
stirring, until the mixture, at first white and milky, becomes clear, like
jelly or amber, which will generally take place when about a pint of
balsam has been added; set the mixture aside for two or three hours, then
pour in of rectified spirit, 1 quart, and mix the whole together. Sweet
spirit of nitre may be substituted for spirit of wine, provided it does
not contain free acid.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls.
=Tincture of Croton.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CROTONIS. _Prep._ Croton seed, 1
part; rectified spirit, 5 parts. (Beasley.)
=Tincture of Cu′bebs.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF CUBEBS; TINCTURA CUBEBÆ (B. P.,
Ph. L. & D.), TINCTURA PIPERIS CUBEBÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Cubebs, in
powder, 1; rectified spirit, 8; macerate 48 hours with 6 of the spirit,
agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator and let it drain; pour on the
remaining spirit, and when it ceases to drop, wash the marc with spirit to
make up 8.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Cubebs (bruised or ground in a pepper-mill), 1 lb.; proof
spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7 days, press out the liquor, and
filter.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 fl. dr., three or four times a day; in
gonorrhœa, &c.
3. (Ph. D., & Ph. L. 1836.) Cubebs, 5 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart
(proof spirit——Ph. D. 1826); macerate for 14 days.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 fl.
dr.
=Tincture of Cuspa′′ria.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CUSPARIÆ (Ph. E.), T. ANGOSTURÆ,
L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Angostura bark or cusparia, 4-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1
quart; digest or percolate. Tonic, stimulant, and stomachic.——_Dose_, 1 to
2 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Deadly Nightshade.= Tincture of belladonna.
=Tincture, De Coetlogon’s.= Haffenden’s tincture.
=Tincture of Digita′lis.= Tincture of fox-glove.
=Tincture of Elaterium.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ELATERII. _Prep._ Extract of
elaterium, 8 gr.; rectified spirit, 8 fl. oz.——_Dose_, 1/2 dr. to 2 dr.
=Tincture of Elecampane′.= _Syn._ TINCTURA INULÆ, T. HELENII, L. _Prep._
(P. Cod.) Powdered elecampane, 4 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; macerate for
15 days. Tonic, deobstruent, and expectorant.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.;
in dyspepsia, palsy, dropsies, uterine obstructions, &c.
=Tincture of Er′got.= _Syn._ TINCTURA SECALII CORNUTI, TINCTURA ERGOTÆ (B.
P., Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Ergot, bruised, 1; proof spirit, 4;
macerate 48 hours with 3 of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a
percolator, let it drain, then pour on the remaining spirit; when it
ceases to drop, wash the marc with the spirit to make up 4.——_Dose_, 15 to
60 minims.
2. (Apothecaries’ Hall.) Ergot (ground in a coffee-mill), 2-1/2 oz.; proof
spirit, 1 pint; digest for 7 days.——_Dose._ A teaspoonful; to excite the
action of the uterus in labour.
3. (Ph. D.) Ergot, 8 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 14 days, and
strain, with expression.——_Dose_, 20 drops to 1 fl. dr.; as the last.
=Tincture of Ergot (Ammoniated).= _Syn._ TINCTURA ERGOTÆ AMMONIATA.
(Gore.) _Prep._ Bruised ergot, 4 oz.; aromatic spirit of ammonia, 10 oz.;
macerate for a month, express, and filter.——_Dose_, 30 drops every 10
minutes till it excites uterine contractions.
=Tincture of Ergot (Ethereal).= _Syn._ TINCTURA ERGOTÆ ÆTHEREA (Ph. L.),
L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Ergot, bruised, 15 oz.; ether, 1 quart; macerate for 7
days, press, and filter.——_Dose_, 10 drops to 1 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Eucalyptus.= _Syn._ TINCTURA EUCALYPTI GLOBULI. (Dorvault.)
_Prep._ Eucalyptus (globulus) leaves, cut, 1 part; alcohol (80 per cent.),
5 parts. Digest 5 days, and filter.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
=Tincture of Euphorbium.= _Syn._ TINCTURA EUPHORBII. (Ph. G.) _Prep._
Euphorbium, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 10 oz. (by weight). Digest 8 days.
=Tincture, Febrifuge.= _Syn._ TINCTURA FEBRIFUGA. (Dr Clutton.) _Prep._
Febrifuge spirit, 1/2 pint; angelica root, 1-1/2 dr.; serpentary, 1-1/2
dr.; cardamom seeds, 1-1/2 dr. Digest and filter.
=Tincture of Flea-bane.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ERIGERONIS. _Prep._ Dried Canada
flea-bane (_Erigeron Canadense_), 4 oz.; proof spirit, 16 oz. Macerate,
express, and filter.
=Tincture of Foxglove.= _Syn._ TINCTURA DIGITALIS (Ph. L., E., & D.), L.
_Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Dried foxglove leaves, 4 oz. (5 oz.——Ph. D.); proof
spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.; or percolate——Ph.
E.); then press, and strain.
2. (B. P.) Digitalis leaves in coarse powder, 2-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1
part. Proceed as for tincture of aconite. (B. P.)
_Obs._ This tincture is a powerful sedative, diuretic, and narcotic. The
commencing dose should be 10 drops, gradually and cautiously increased to
30, or even 40; in asthmas, dropsies, fevers, phthisis, &c. “If 40 fl. oz.
of spirit be allowed to pass (percolate) through the sp. gr. will be ·944;
and the solid contents of 1 fl. oz. will amount to 24 gr.” (Ph. E.)
=Tincture of Galanga.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GALANGÆ. (Ph. Amst.) _Prep._
Galangal root, 1 oz.; proof spirit, 6 oz.——_Dose_, 30 to 60 drops.
=Tincture of Gal′banum.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GALBANI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. D.
1826.) Galbanum, 2 oz.; proof spirit, 32 fl. oz.; digest 7 days. Stimulant
and antispasmodic.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 fl. dr. “If less nauseous than tincture
of assafœtida, it is also less powerful.” (Dr A. T. Thomson.)
=Tincture of Galls.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GALLÆ (B. P., Ph. L. & D.), TINCTURA
GALLARUM (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1 (B. P.) Galls, bruised, 1; proof spirit,
8; macerate for 48 hours with 6 of the spirit, agitating occasionally,
pack in a percolator, let it drain, and then pour on the remaining spirit;
when it ceases to drop, wash the marc with spirit to make up 8.——_Dose_,
1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Galls, in powder, 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7
days (14 days——Ph. D.; or percolate——Ph. E.); then express the liquid, and
filter it. Astringent and styptic.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr. It is chiefly
used as a test for iron.
=Tincture of Garden Marigold.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CALENDULÆ. _Prep._ A
saturated tincture of the leaves and flowers of the garden marigold is
prepared with whisky, and is reputed to be of service as an application
for lacerated wounds.
=Tincture of Garden Nightshade (Ethereal).= _Syn._ TINCTURA SOLANI
ÆTHEREA. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Powdered leaves of garden nightshade, 4 oz.;
sulphuric ether, 16 oz. (by weight). Make by percolation.
=Tincture of Gentian (Ammo′′niated).= _Syn._ TINCTURA GENTIANÆ AMMONIATÆ,
L.; ELIXIR ANTISCROFULEUX, Fr. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Gentian, 1 oz.;
sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 1/4 oz.; proof spirit, 32 fl. oz. As the last;
but preferred in acidity and low spirits.
=Tincture of Gen′tian (Compound).= _Syn._ BITTER STOMACHIC TINCTURE;
TINCTURA GENTIANÆ COMPOSITA (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.), TINCTURA AMARA, L.
_Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Gentian, bruised, 1-1/2; bitter orange peel, bruised,
3/4; cardamom seeds, bruised, 1/4; proof spirit, 20; macerate for 48 hours
with 15 of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator, let
it drain, and then pour on the remaining spirit; when it ceases to drop,
wash the marc with spirit to make up 20.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Gentian root, sliced and bruised, 2-1/2 oz.; dried orange
peel, 10 dr.; cardamoms, bruised, 5 dr.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate
for 7 days (or percolate——Ph. E.). The Edinburgh College substitutes
canella for cardamoms, and adds of cochineal, 1/2 dr.
3. (Ph. D.) Gentian root, 3 oz.; dried bitter orange peel, 1-1/2 oz.;
cardamoms, 1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 14 days.
4. (Wholesale.) Gentian, 2-1/2 lbs.; dried orange peel, 1-1/4 lb.; bruised
cardamoms, 2-1/2 lbs.; proof spirit, 4 galls. (or rectified spirit and
water, of each 2 galls.); digest as last.
_Obs._ This is an excellent and popular stomachic bitter and
tonic——_Dose_, 1 to 2 fl dr.; in dyspepsia, loss of appetite, &c.
=Tincture of Geranium.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GERANII. _Prep._ Dried roots of
_Geranium maculatum_, 5 oz.; proof spirit, 2 pints. Astringent. Used
chiefly in gargles.
=Tinc′ture of Gin′ger.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS (B. P., Ph. L., E., &
D.). _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Ginger, bruised, 1; rectified spirit, 8; macerate
the ginger 48 hours in 6 of the spirit, agitating occasionally; pack in a
percolator, let it drain, pour on the remaining spirit, and when it ceases
to drop press, filter, and add spirit to make 8.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims.
2. (Ph. L.) Ginger, bruised, 2-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 7 days (or percolate——Ph. E.).
3. (Wholesale.) Coarsely powdered unbleached Jamaica ginger, 1-1/4 lb.;
rectified spirit (or spirit distilled from the essence), 1-1/2 gall.;
water, 1/2 gall.; digest as above. Stimulant and carminative.——_Dose_, 1
to 2 fl. dr.
_Obs._ The formula of the Ph. D. 1826 resembles the above; that of the
last Ph. D. orders 8 oz. of ginger to 1 quart of rectified spirit. The
product is, consequently, of fully 3 times the strength of that of the
others, and is similar to the common ESSENCE OF GINGER of the shops.
=Tincture of Ginger (Stronger).= _Syn._ TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS FORTIOR. (B.
P.) Pack tightly in a percolator, ginger in fine powder, 10 oz., and pour
over it carefully 1/2 pint of rectified spirit. After two hours more add
more spirit, and let it percolate slowly until 1 pint of tincture has been
collected.——_Dose_, 5 to 20 minims.
=Tincture of Gold-Thread.= _Syn._ TINCTURA COPTIS. (Dr Wood.) _Prep._
Gold-thread, 1 oz.; proof spirit, 16 oz.——_Dose_, 1 dr. Tonic.
=Tincture, Gout.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ANTARTHRITICA, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr.
Graves’s.) Take of dried orange peel and powder of aloes and canella, of
each 2 oz.; rhubarb, 1 oz.; French brandy (or proof spirit), 1 quart;
digest a week, and strain, with expression.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls
night and morning.
2. (Dr Wilson’s.) Tincture of colchicum flowers.
3. Tincture of colchicum.
=Tincture of Green Hellebore Root.= _Syn._ TINCTURA VERATRI VIRIDIS. (B.
P.) _Prep._ Green hellebore root, in coarse powder, 4 oz.; rectified
spirit, 1 pint. Prepared as tincture of aconite. (B. P.)
=Tincture of Gua′iacum.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GUAIACI (Ph. E. & D.), L. _Prep._
(Ph. E. & Ph. L. 1836.) Guaiacum resin (powdered), 7 oz. (8 oz.——Ph. D.);
rectified spirit, 1 quart; digest for 14 days, and filter. An excellent
sudorific; in chronic gout and rheumatism.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 fl. dr., taken
in milk.
=Tincture of Guaiacum (Alkaline).= _Syn._ TINCTURA GUAIACI ALKALINI. (Dr
Dewees.) _Prep._ Guaiacum, 5 oz.; carbonate of potash or of soda, 3 dr.;
pimento, 2 oz.; proof spirit, 2 pints.——_Dose._ A teaspoonful 3 times a
day in dysmenorrhœa.
=Tincture of Guaiacum (Compound).= _Syn._ AMMONIATED TINCTURE OF GUAIACUM,
VOLATILE T. OF G., RHEUMATIC DROPS; TINCTURA GUAIACI COMPOSITA (Ph. L.),
T. G. AMMONIATA (B. P., Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Guaiac resin, in
fine powder, 4; aromatic spirit of ammonia, 20; macerate 7 days, filter,
and wash the filter with the spirit to make up 20.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr.,
with 1 dr. of mucilage or yolk of egg, to form an emulsion.
2. (Ph. L.) Guaiacum, in coarse powder, 7 oz.; aromatic spirit of ammonia
(spirit of ammonia——Ph. E.), 1 quart; digest for 7 days, and decant or
filter. A powerful, stimulating sudorific and emmenagogue; in chronic
rheumatism, gout, amenorrhœa, &c.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 fl. dr. in milk, or some
viscid liquid.
=Tincture of Guaiacum Wood.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GUAIACI LIGNI. (P. Cod.)
_Prep._ One part of the rasped wood to 5 parts by weight of proof spirit.
Digest 10 days and strain.
=Tincture of Guarana.= _Syn._ TINCTURA PAULLINIÆ. (Dorvault.) _Prep._
Alcoholic extract of guarana, 1 oz.; proof spirit, 16 oz. Dissolve.
=Tincture, Haffenden’s Balsam′ic.= _Syn._ DE COETLOGON’S BALSAMII
TINCTURE. This is a nostrum, of many virtues, prepared from tincture of
serpentary (of double strength), 1-1/2 fl. oz.; compound of tincture of
benzoin, 1 fl. oz.; tinctures of Tolu and opium, of each 1/2 fl. oz.; with
rectified spirits, q. s. to render the mixture ‘bright,’ should it turn
milky. (‘Anat. of Quackery.’)
=Tincture, Hatfield’s.= _Prep._ From gum guaiacum and soap, of each 2 dr.;
rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest for a week. Used as TINCTURE OF GUAIACUM;
also externally.
=Tincture of Hedge-Hyssop.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GRATIOLÆ. (Reece.) _Prep._
Dried hedge-hyssop, 4 oz.; proof spirit, 32 oz.
=Tincture of Hel′lebore.= _Syn._ TINCTURE OF BLACK HELLEBORE; TINCTURA
HELLEBORI (Ph. L.), L. TINCTURA HELLEBORI NIGRI. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Black
hellebore root, bruised, 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate 7 days,
then strain, with expression.
_Obs._ This tincture is a powerful emmenagogue, and was a favourite remedy
with Dr Mead in uterine obstructions and certain cutaneous
affections.——_Dose_, 20 drops to 1 fl. dr. See TINCTURE OF VERATRUM.
=Tincture of Hem′lock.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CICUTÆ, T. CONII (Ph. L. & E.), T.
CONII MACULATI, L. _Prep._ 1, (Ph. L.) Dried hemlock leaves, 5 oz.; proof
spirit, 1 quart; digest a week, press, and filter. In the Ph. L. 1836,
cardamom seeds, 1 oz., was added.
2. (Ph. E.) Fresh hemlock leaves, 12 oz.; express the juice, bruise the
residuum, and treat it, by percolation, first with tincture of cardamoms,
10 fl. oz., and next with rectified spirit, 1-1/2 pint; mix the liquids,
and filter. Deobstruent and narcotic.——_Dose_ of the Ph. L., 20 to 60
drops; that of the Ph. E. tincture is less, it being a much stronger and
certain preparation. See HEMLOCK.
3. (B. P.) Hemlock fruit, bruised, 2-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint.
Proceed as for tincture of aconite (B. P.).
=Tincture of Hemp.= Tincture of Indian Hemp.
=Tincture of Hen′bane.= _Syn._ TINCTURA HYOSCYAMI (B. P., Ph. L., E., &
D.). _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Hyoscyamus leaves, dried and bruised, 1; proof
spirit, 8; macerate 48 hours with 6 of the spirit, pack in a percolator,
and when it has drained pour on the remaining spirit, and when it ceases
to drop, press, and wash the marc with spirit to make up 8.——_Dose_, 15 to
60 minims.
2. (Ph. L.) Dried leaves of henbane, 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.; or percolate——Ph. E.), then press,
and filter. Anodyne, sedative, soporific, and narcotic.——_Dose_, 20 drops
to 2 fl. dr.
_Obs._ This, as well as the TINCTURES OF FOXGLOVE, HEMLOCK, HOPS, JALAP,
LOBELIA INFLATA, RHATANY, SAVINE, SQUILLS, SENNA, VALERIAN WORMWOOD, &c.,
is usually prepared by the druggists with 1 lb. of the dried leaves (or
dried drugs) to each gall. of a mixture of equal parts of rectified spirit
and water.
=Tincture of Hops.= _Syn._ TINCTURA LUPULI (B. P., Ph. L. & E.), TINCTURA
HUMULI, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Hop, 1; proof spirit, 8; macerate 48 hours
in 6 of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator, let it
drain, add the remaining spirit, and when fluid ceases to drop, wash the
marc, filter, and make up 8.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. E.) Hops, 6 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; digest 7 days, then press,
and filter. Anodyne, sedative, and soporific.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.
For the formula of the Ph. E. and D., see TINCTURE OF LUPULIN.
=Tincture of Hops (Compound).= _Syn._ TINCTURA LUPULI COMPOSITA, LIQUEUR
DES TEIGNEUX. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Hops, 1 oz.; smaller centaury, 1 oz.;
orange peel, 2 dr.; carbonate of potash, 12 gr.; proof spirit, 18 oz. (by
weight).
=Tincture of Horse-Chestnut.= _Syn._ TINCTURA HIPPOCASTANEI. _Prep._
Horse-chestnut bark, 4 oz.; proof spirit, 2 pints. Macerate for 10 days,
and filter.
=Tincture, Hudson’s.= Tooth tincture.
=Tincture, Huxham’s.= Compound tincture of cinchona.
=Tincture of Indian Hemp.= _Syn._ TINCTURA CANNABIS INDICÆ (B. P.),
TINCTURA CANNABIS, T. C. INDICÆ (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ (B. P.) Extract of
Indian hemp, 1; rectified spirit, 20; dissolve.——_Dose_, 5 to 20 minims
with 1 dr. of mucilage, adding 1 oz. of water.
2. (Ph. D.) Purified extract of Indian hemp, 1/2 oz.; rectified spirit,
1/2 pint; dissolve. 21 drops (minims) contain 1 gr. of the extract.
_Obs._ The formula of O’Shaughnessy and the Bengal Ph. are
similar.——_Dose_, 10 drops every 1/2 hour in cholera; 1 fl. dr. every 1/2
hour in tetanus till the paroxysms cease, or catalepsy is induced.
=Tincture of Indian Tobac′co.= Tincture of lobelia.
=Tincture of I′odine.= _Syn._ TINCTURA IODINEI (Ph. E.) TINCTURA IODINII,
L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Iodine, 2-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart;
dissolve, and preserve it in well-closed bottles.——_Dose_, 5 to 30 drops,
twice or thrice daily, where the use of iodine is indicated. Externally,
as a paint, &c.
_Obs._ The formulæ of Magendie, the Ph. U. S., and the Paris Codex, are
similar.
=Tincture of Iodine (Colourless).= _Syn._ TINCTURA IODI DECOLORATA. (Ph.
G.) _Prep._ Iodine, 10 oz.; hyposulphite of soda, 10 oz.; distilled water,
10 oz. Digest with gentle heat, occasionally shaking; and, when the
solution is completed, add liquor ammoniæ (·960), 16 oz. (by weight),
shake together, and add rectified spirit, 75 oz. (by weight).
=Tincture of Iodine (Compound).= _Syn._ ANTISCROFULOUS DROPS; TINCTURA
IODI (B. P.), TINCTURA IODINII COMPOSITA (Ph. L. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1.
Iodine, 1/2; iodide of potassium, 1/4; rectified spirit, 20;
dissolve.——_Dose_, 5 to 20 minims. Also an excellent application to the
throat in diphtheria.
2. (Ph. L. & D.) Iodine, 1 oz.; iodide of potassium, 2 oz.; rectified
spirit, 1 quart; dissolve.——_Dose_, &c., as the last.
=Tincture of Iodine (Ethereal).= _Syn._ TINCTURA IODINII ÆTHEREA. _Prep._
Iodine, 2 scruples, sulphuric ether, 1-1/2 fl. oz.
=Tincture, Iodoform (Ethereal).= _Syn._ TINCTURA IODOFORMI ÆTHEREA. (Odin
& Lemaire.) _Prep._ Crystallised iodoform, 15 gr.; ether at 60° Baumé, 1
dr. (by weight).
=Tincture of Ipecacuan′ha.= _Syn._ TINCTURA IPECACUANHA, L. _Prep._ (Ph.
Bor.) Ipecacuanha (coarsely powdered), 1 oz.; spirit, sp. gr. ·897 to
·900 (16 to 17 o. p.), 8 oz.; macerate for 8 days. The tincture of the P.
Cod. has twice its strength.——_Dose_, 10 or 12 drops to 2 fl. dr.,
according to the intention.
=Tincture of Jaborandi.= _Syn._ TINCTURA JABORANDI. (‘Ph. Journ.’) _Prep._
Powdered jaborandi leaves, 10 oz.; rectified spirit, q. s. Percolate until
a pint of tincture is obtained.——_Dose_, 10 minims to 1 or 2 dr.
Mr Shuttleworth, the Editor of the ‘Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal,’ thus
utilises the residue left after making tincture of myrrh. He says “that,
from fifty-two pounds of the residue of percolation, dissolved in boiling
water, strained and allowed to deposit, he obtained twelve gallons of
mucilage, forming an excellent substitute for paste, and possessing
unlimited keeping qualities. Although scarcely so adhesive as gum Arabic,
this latter property may be obtained by the addition of a little
molasses.”
=Tincture of Jal′ap.= _Syn._ TINCTURA JALAPÆ (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.), L.
_Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Jalap, in coarse powder, 1; proof spirit, 8; macerate
for 48 hours in six of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a
percolator, and when the fluid ceases to pass, pour on the remaining
spirit, press, filter, and add spirit to make 8.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Jalap, coarsely powdered, 5 oz. (10 oz.——Ph. L. 1836; 7
oz.——Ph. E.); proof spirit, 1 quart (1-1/2 pint——Ph. D.); macerate for 7
days (or percolate——Ph. E.), then press, and filter. Cathartic.——_Dose_, 1
to 4 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Jalap (Compound).= _Syn._ TINCTURA JALAPÆ COMPOSITA. (Ph. E.
1744.) _Prep._ Jalap root, 6 dr.; black hellebore root, 3 dr.; juniper
berries, 1/2 oz.; guaiacum shavings, 1/2 oz.; French brandy, 24 oz.;
digest for 3 days, and strain. The _Eau de Vie Allemande_ of the Paris
Codex is: Jalap, 8 oz.; turpeth root, 1 oz.; scammony, 2 oz.; proof
spirit, 96 oz. (by weight).——_Dose_, 4 dr.
=Tincture of Ki′no.= _Syn._ TINCTURE KINO (B. P., Ph. L. & E.), L. _Prep._
1. (B. P.) Kino, in powder, 1; rectified spirit, 10; macerate 7 days,
filter, and make up 10.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Powdered kino, 3-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; macerate
for 7 days (or percolate——Ph. E.), and filter. Astringent.——_Dose_, 1 to 2
fl. dr., combined with chalk mixture; in diarrhœa, &c.
A writer in the ‘American Journal of Pharmacy’ says the following formula
will yield a tincture which has no tendency to gelatinise like the simple
tincture of the B. P.:
Kino, in fine powder, 1-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 8 fl. oz.; water, 4
oz.; glycerin, 4 fl. oz. Mix the alcohol, water, and glycerin together,
and having mixed the kino with an equal bulk of clean sand, introduce in a
percolator, and pour on the menstruum.
Mr Haselden says, that for some years past he has preserved tincture of
kino from gelatinising by keeping it in bottles holding 2 oz. only.
=Tincture of Lactu′′carium.= _Syn._ TINCTURA LACTUCARII, L. _Prep._ (Ph.
E.) Powdered lactucarium, 4 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; digest or
percolate. Anodyne, soporific, antispasmodic, and sedative.——_Dose_, 20 to
60 drops; in cases for which opium is unsuited, 10 drops (minims) contain
1 gr. of lactucarium.
=Tincture of Larch.= _Syn._ TINCTURA LARICIS. (B. P.) _Prep._ Larch bark,
in coarse powder, 2-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint. Macerate the bark
for 48 hours in 15 oz. of the spirit in a closed vessel, agitating
occasionally; then transfer to a percolator, and when the fluid ceases to
pass, continue the percolation with the remaining 5 oz. of spirit.
Afterwards subject the contents of the percolator to pressure, filter the
product, mix the liquid, and add rectified spirit, q. s. to make 1
pint.——_Dose_, 20 to 30 minims.
=Tincture of Lav′ender (Compound).= _Syn._ RED LAVENDER, RED LAVENDER
DROPS, RED HARTSHORN; TINCTURA LAVENDULÆ COMPOSITA (B. P., Ph. L. & D.),
SPIRITUS LAVANDULÆ COMPOSITUS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) English oil
of lavender, 90 minims; English oil of rosemary, 10 minims; cinnamon,
bruised, 150 gr.; nutmeg, bruised, 150 gr.; red sandal wood, 300 gr.;
rectified spirit, 40 oz.; macerate the cinnamon, nutmeg, and red sandal
wood in the spirit for 7 days, then press out and strain; dissolve the
oils in the strained tincture, and add sufficient rectified spirit to make
40 oz.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Cinnamon and nutmegs, of each, bruised, 2-1/2 dr.; red sanders
wood, sliced, 5 dr.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7 days, then
strain, with expression, and dissolve in the strained liquid, oil of
lavender, 1-1/2 fl. dr., oil of rosemary, 10 drops.
3. (Ph. L. 1836.) Spirit of lavender, 1-1/2 pint; spirit of rosemary, 1/2
pint; red sanders wood (rasped), 5 dr.; cinnamon and nutmegs (bruised), of
each 2-1/2 dr.; macerate for 14 days.
4. (Ph. E.) Spirit of lavender, 1 quart; spirit of rosemary, 12 fl. oz.;
cinnamon, 1 oz.; nutmeg, 1/2 oz.; red sanders, 3 dr.; cloves, 2 dr.; as
No. 1.
5. (Ph. D.) Oil of lavender. 3 fl. dr.; oil of rosemary, 1 fl. dr.;
cinnamon, 1 oz.; nutmegs, 1/2 oz.; cloves and cochineal, of each 1/4 oz.;
rectified spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 14 days.
6. (Wholesale.) From oil of cassia, 3/4 fl. oz.; oil of nutmeg, 1 fl. oz.;
oils of lavender and rosemary, of each 4-1/2 fl. oz.; red sanders
(rasped), 3 lbs.; proof spirit, 6 galls., (or rectified spirit and water,
of each 3 galls.); digest 14 days. Should it be cloudy, add a little more
proof spirit.
_Obs._ Compound tincture of lavender is a popular stimulant, cordial, and
stomachic.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls (1/2 to 2 fl. dr.); in lowness of
spirits, faintness, flatulence, hysteria, &c.
=Tincture of Lem′ons.= _Syn._ TINCTURA LIMONUM (Ph. L.), TINCTURA LIMONIS
(B. P., Ph. D., Ph. L.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Fresh lemon peel, sliced
thin, 1; proof spirit, 8; macerate for 7 days in a closed vessel with
occasional agitation, strain, press, filter, and make up with spirit to
8.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 dr.
2. Fresh lemon peel, 3-1/2 oz. (cut thin, 5 oz.——Ph. D.); proof spirit, 1
quart; macerate for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.), then express the liquid, and
filter it. An aromatic bitter and stomachic.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Lobe′′lia.= _Syn._ TINCTURE OF INDIAN TOBACCO; TINCTURA
LOBELIÆ INFLATÆ, TINCTURA LOBELIÆ (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.), L. _Prep._ 1.
(B. P.) Lobelia, dried and bruised, 1; proof spirit, 8; macerate 48 hours
with 6 of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator, and
let it drain, pour on the remaining spirit, and when it ceases to drop,
press and wash the marc with spirit to make up 8.——_Dose_, 10 to 30
minims, but 1 dr. may be given for dyspnœa; 4 dr. as an emetic.
2. (Ph. L.) Dried and powdered lobelia inflata, 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1
quart; macerate for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.; or percolate——Ph. E.), press,
and filter.——_Dose._ As an expectorant, 10 to 60 drops; as an emetic and
antispasmodic, 1 to 2 fl. dr., repeated every third hour until it causes
vomiting. It is principally employed in spasmodic asthma, and some other
pulmonary affections.
=Tincture of Lobelia (Ethereal).= _Syn._ TINCTURA LOBELIÆ ÆTHEREA (B. P.,
Ph. L. & E.), L. _Prep._ 1. Lobelia, dried and bruised, 1; spirit of
ether, 8; macerate 7 days, press, and strain 8.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims
as an antispasmodic.
2. (Ph. L.) Indian tobacco, powdered, 5 oz.; ether, 14 fl. oz.; rectified
spirit, 26 fl. oz.; macerate 7 days, press, and filter.
3. (Ph. E.) Dry lobelia, 5 oz.; spirit of sulphuric ether, 1 quart; by
digestion for 7 days, or by percolation.——_Dose_, 6 or 8 drops to 1 fl.
dr.
4. (Whitlaw’s.) From lobelia, 1 lb.; rectified spirit and spirit of
nitrous ether, of each 4 pints; sulphuric ether, 4 oz.——_Dose_, &c., as
the last.
TINCTURE OF LU′PULIN. _Syn._ TINCTURE OF HOPS; TINCTURA LUPULI (Ph. E.),
TINCTURÆ LUPULINÆ (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. D.) Lupulin (the
yellowish-brown powder attached to the scales of hops, separated by
friction and sifting), 5 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 14
days (or proceed by displacement——Ph. E.), press, and filter.——_Dose_, 1/2
to 2 fl. dr. See TINCTURE OF HOPS.
=Tincture of Malate of Iron.= _Syn._ TINCTURA FERRI MALATIS; TINCTURA
FERRI POMATA. (Ph. G.) _Prep._ Extract of malate of iron (see EXTRACT OF
APPLES), 2 oz.; spirituous cinnamon water, 18 oz. Dissolve and
filter.——_Dose_, 15 to 30 minims.
=Tincture of Mastic.= _Syn._ TINCTURA MASTICHES. _Prep._ Mastic, 2 oz.;
rectified spirit, 9 fl. oz. Used in making Eau de Luce. If required for
stopping hollow teeth, double the quantity of mastic must be used.
=Tincture of Mat′ico.= _Syn._ TINCTURA MATICO (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ (Ph.
D.) Matico leaves, in coarse powder, 8 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 14 days, and strain, with expression.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 fl.
dr., as an internal astringent or hæmostatic. It is a very feeble remedy,
as matico leaves are destitute of either tannin or gallic acid, and derive
their power of stopping local bleeding from the peculiar mechanical
construction of their surface.
=Tincture of Mea′dow Saf′fron.= Tincture of colchicum.
=Tincture of Mone′sia.= _Syn._ TINCTURA MONESIÆ, L. _Prep._ From monesia,
2-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; macerate a week. Astringent.——_Dose_, 1/2
to 2 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Musk.= _Syn._ TINCTURA MOSCHI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. D. 1826.)
Musk, 2 dr.; rectified spirit, 16 fl. oz.; digest 7 days. Antispasmodic;
but principally used as a perfume, being too weak for medical use.
=Tincture of Musk (Artificial).= _Syn._ TINCTURA MOSCHI ARTIFICIALIS. (Van
Mons.) _Prep._ Artificial musk, 1 dr.; rectified spirit, 2 oz.
=Tincture of Musk Seed.= _Syn._ TINCTURA ABELMOSCHI SEMINUM. (Dr Reece.)
_Prep._ Musk seed, 2 oz.; proof spirit, 16 oz. Digest seven days, and
strain.——_Dose_, 1 fl. dr.
=Tincture of Myrrh.= _Syn._ GOLDEN TOOTH-DROPS; TINCTURÆ (B. P., Ph. L.,
E., & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Myrrh, in coarse powder, 1; rectified
spirit, 8; macerate 48 hours with 6 of the spirit, agitating occasionally,
pack in a percolator, and when it ceases to drop, pour on the remaining
spirit, wash the marc, press, and make up to 8.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr. More
frequently used mixed with water to form a gargle.
2. (Ph. L.) Myrrh, in powder, 3 oz. (3-1/2 oz., Ph. E.; 4 oz.——Ph. D.);
rectified spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7 days (14 days,——Ph. D.; or by
displacement——Ph. E.), and filter.
3. (Wholesale.) Myrrh (in coarse powder), 2-1/4 lbs.; rectified spirit, 2
galls.; water, 1 gall.; as the last.
_Obs._ Tincture of myrrh is tonic and stimulant.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 fl.
dr., as an adjuvant in mixtures, gargles, &c. Chiefly used diluted with
water, as a dentifrice or wash for ulcerated and spongy gums.
=Tincture of Myrrh (Alkaline).= _Syn._ TINCTURA MYRRHÆ ALKALIZÆ. (Ph. E.
1744.) _Prep._ Powdered myrrh, 1-1/2 oz.; solution of carbonate of potash,
a sufficient quantity; mix into a soft paste, dry it, and add rectified
spirit, 1 pint. Digest for 6 days, and strain.
=Tincture of Myrrh (Compound).= _Syn._ TINCTURA MYRRHÆ COMPOSITA, L.
_Prep._ From myrrh and socotrine aloes, of each 2 lbs.; rectified spirit,
3 galls.; water, 2 galls.; digest for 14 days. This is frequently
substituted for ‘COMPOUND TINCTURE OF ALOES’ in the wholesale trade.
=Tincture of Nux Vomi′ca.= _Syn._ TINCTURA NUCIS VOMICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Nux
vomica, 1; rectified spirit, 10; soften the nux vomica by steam, dry
rapidly, and reduce to fine powder. Macerate 48 hours in three fourths of
the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator, let it drain,
pour on the remaining spirit, and when it ceases to drop, press, filter,
and make up to 10.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims.
2. (Ph. D. 1826.) Nux vomica (ground in a coffee-mill), 2 oz.; rectified
spirit, 8 fl. oz.; macerate 7 (14) days.——_Dose_, 5 to 20 drops; in
paralysis, &c. It is poisonous.
=Tincture of Nux Vomica (Ethereal).= _Syn._ TINCTURA NUCIS VOMICÆ ÆTHEREA.
(Ph. G.) _Prep._ Coarsely powdered nux vomica, 1 oz.; spirits of ether, 10
oz. (by weight). Macerate for 8 days.
=Tincture, Odontalgic.= _Syn._ TOOTHACHE TINCTURE; TINCTURA ODONTALGICA,
L. _Prep._ 1. Tincture of opium, 1 fl. dr.; ether, 2 fl. dr.; oil of
cloves, 15 drops.
2. Rectified spirit, 3 fl. dr.; chloroform, 2 dr.; creasote, 1 dr.; mix.
3. (Collier.) Pellitory of Spain, 4 dr.; camphor, 3 dr.; opium, 1 dr.; oil
of cloves, 2 fl. dr.; rectified spirit, 16 fl. oz.; digest for a week.
4. (Niemann.) Digest 60 or 80 common lady-birds (_Coccinella
septempunctata_——Linn.) in rectified spirit, 1 fl. oz. for 8 days, and
strain.
_Obs._ The above are commonly applied, on a small piece of lint, in
toothache. For other formulæ see DROPS, TINCTURES OF MYRRH and PELLITORY,
&c.
=Tincture of O′pium.= _Syn._ LAUDANUM, LIQUID, L., ANODYNE TINCTURE,
THEBAIC T.; TINCTURA OPII (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.), THEBAICA, LAUDANUM
LIQUIDUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Opium, in coarse powder, 1-1/2; proof
spirit, 20; macerate 7 days, strain, express, filter, and add spirit to
make 20.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims.
2. (Ph. L.) Powdered opium, 3 oz. (3 oz.——Ph. D.); proof spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.), and strain, with expression.
3. (Ph. E.) Opium, sliced, 3 oz.; boiling water, 13-1/2 fl. oz.; digest,
with heat, for 2 hours, break down the opium with the hand, strain, and
express the infusion; then macerate the residuum for about 20 hours in
rectified spirit, 1 pint 7 fl. oz.; next strain, press, mix the watery and
spirituous infusions, and filter.
_Obs._ This preparation has a deep brownish-red colour, and the
characteristic odour and taste of opium. 14 minims or measured drops of
the London, and about 15 minims of the Edinburgh and Dublin tinctures, are
equivalent to 1 gr. of dry opium, or 1·12 gr. of ordinary opium. 14 minims
of this tincture are equal to about 25 drops of it poured from a bottle.
Its sp. gr. is ·952 (Phillips).——_Dose_, 10 to 60 drops; as an anodyne,
sedative, or hypnotic. The following form is substituted for that of the
Pharmacopœia by many of the wholesale drug houses:——Take of Turkey opium,
2-1/2 lbs.; boiling water, 9 quarts; digest till dissolved or
disintegrated, cool; add of rectified spirit, 2 galls.; and, after repose
for 24 hours, decant the clear portion. _Prod._ 4 galls.
=Tincture of Opium (Ammo′′niated).= _Syn._ AMMONIATED TINCTURE OF OPIUM,
SCOTCH PAREGORIC; TINCTURA OPII AMMONIATA (B. P., Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1.
(B. P.) Opium, in powder, 100 gr.; saffron, cut small, 180 gr.; benzoic
acid, 180 gr.; oil of anise, 60 minims; strong solution of ammonia, 4 oz.;
rectified spirit, 16 oz.; macerate 7 days in a closed vessel, with
occasional agitation, strain, and add sufficient rectified spirit to make
up 20 oz.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr.
2. (Ph. E.) Benzoic acid and hay saffron, of each 6 dr.; opium, sliced, 4
dr.; oil of aniseed, 1 dr.; spirit of ammonia (Ph. E.), 1 quart; digest
for a week, and filter. Stimulant antispasmodic, and anodyne.——_Dose_, 20
to 80 drops; in hysteria, hooping-cough, &c.
_Obs._ This preparation is called ‘PAREGORIC,’ or ‘PAREGORIC ELIXIR,’ in
Scotland, but should be carefully distinguished from the compound tincture
of camphor, which passes under the same names in England; as the former
contains about 4 times as much opium as the latter. 80 minims, or 145
poured drops, contain about 1 gr. of opium.
=Tincture of Opium (Cam′phorated).= Compound tincture of camphor.
=Tincture of Opium (Ecard’s, or Bamberg’s).= _Syn._ TINCTURA OPII ECARDI,
ECARD’S or BAMBERG’S THEBAIC TINCTURE. _Prep._ Opium, 2 oz.; cloves, 1
dr.; cinnamon water, 8 oz.; rectified spirit, 4 oz. Digest in a warm room
for 6 days, and strain.
=Tincture of Opium (Fetid).= _Syn._ TINCTURA OPII FŒTIDA. (Ph. Fulda.)
_Prep._ Castor oil, 4 oz.; assafœtida, 2 oz.; salt of hartshorn, 1 oz.;
dry opium, 4 dr.; rectified spirit, 32 oz.——_Dose_, 15 minims to 1 dr.
=Tincture of Opium (Odourless).= _Syn._ TINCTURA OPII DEODORATA. (Ph. U.
S.) _Prep._ Opium dried, and in moderately fine powder, 2-1/2 troy oz.;
ether, rectified spirit, of each 8 oz. (o. m.); water, a sufficient
quantity. Macerate the opium with 1/2 pint of the water for 24 hours, and
express. Repeat this operation twice with the same quantity of water, mix
the express liquids and evaporate to 4 oz. (o. m.); let cool, and shake
repeatedly in a bottle with the ether. When it has separated by standing,
pour off the ethereal solution, and evaporate the remaining liquid till
all the ether has disappeared. Mix the residue with 20 oz. (o. m.) of
water, and filter. When the liquid has ceased to pass, add enough water to
make the filtrate measure 1-1/2 pint (o. m.). Lastly, mix in the spirit.
=Tincture of Or′ange Peel.= _Syn._ TINCTURA AURANTII (B. P., Ph. L., E., &
D.), T. CORTICIS AURANTII, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Dried bitter orange peel,
cut small and bruised, 1; proof spirit, 10; macerate for 7 days in a
closed vessel with occasional agitation, then strain, press, and filter,
add sufficient proof spirit to make 10.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Dried orange peel, 3-1/2 oz. (4 oz.——Ph. D.); proof spirit, 1
quart; digest for 7 days (14 days——Ph. D.; or by percolation——Ph. E.),
press, and filter. A grateful bitter stomachic.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 fl. dr.;
chiefly as an adjuvant in mixtures, &c.
=Tincture of Orange Peel (Fresh).= _Syn._ TINTURA AURANTII RECENTIS. (B.
P.) _Prep._ Bitter orange, rectified spirit, of each a sufficient
quantity. Carefully cut from the orange the coloured part of the rind in
thin slices, and macerate 6 oz. of this in 1 pint of spirit for a week,
with frequent agitation; then pour off the liquid, press the dregs, mix
the liquid products, and filter; finally, add sufficient spirit to make 1
pint.——_Dose_, 1 dr. to 2 dr.
=Tincture of Orange, with Iron.= _Syn._ TINCTURA FERRI AURANTIACA. (Ph.
Wurt.) _Prep._ Iron filings, 4 oz,; Seville oranges deprived of their
seeds, no. 4. Beat them together, leave them for 2 days; then add Madeira
wine, 10 oz.; spirits of orange peel, 2 oz. Digest, express, and filter.
=Tincture of Orris Root.= _Syn._ TINCTURA IRIDIS. _Prep._ Freshly powdered
orris root, 1 part; proof spirit, 5 parts. Sold as _Esprit de Violette_.
=Tincture of Ox-gall.= _Syn._ TINCTURA FELLIS BOVINI. _Prep._ Inspissated
ox-gall, 2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint. Digest until dissolved.
=Tincture of Paracress.= _Syn._ TINCTURA SPILANTHI COMPOSITA. _Prep._
Paracress, dried and bruised, 2 oz.; pyrethrum root in coarse powder, 2
oz.; spirit, 10 oz. (by weight). Digest 8 days. Sialagogue.
=Tincture of Pareira Brava.= _Syn._ TINCTURA PAREIRÆ BRAVÆ. (Brodie).
_Prep._ Pareira brava root, 2 oz.; French brandy, 1 pint. Digest for 7
days.
=Tincture of Pel′litory.= _Syn._ TOOTHACHE TINCTURE; TINCTURA PYRETHRI (B.
P.) _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Pellitory root, in coarse powder, 4; rectified
spirit, 20; macerate for 48 hours with 15 of the spirit, agitating
occasionally, then pack it in a percolator, let it drain, and pour on the
remaining spirit; when it ceases to drop, press, filter, and make up to
20.
2. Pellitory of Spain (bruised), 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 1/4 pint; digest
a week. In the P. Cod. a tincture is ordered prepared with spirit about 41
o. p., and another prepared with spirit of sulphuric ether.
3. (COMPOUND.——Brande.) Pellitory root, 4 dr.; camphor, 3 dr.; oil of
cloves, 2 dr.; opium, 1 dr.; rectified spirit, 6 fl. oz.; digest for eight
days. Both the above are used for the toothache. See TINCTURE, ODONTALGIC.
=Tincture of Pepper (Stomachic).= _Syn._ TINCTURA PIPERIS STOMACHICA;
ESSENTIA STOMACHICA POLYCHRESTA (Spielman.) _Prep._ Capsicum, 1 oz.; black
pepper, 2 dr.; long pepper, 2 dr.; white pepper, 2 dr.; solution of
acetate of potash, 6 oz.; spirit of ammonia, 1 oz. Digest and filter.
=Tincture of Perchloride of Iron.= _Syn._ TINCTURA FERRI PERCHLORIDI. (B.
P.) _Prep._ Mix 5 fl. oz. of strong solution of perchloride of iron with
15 fl. oz. of rectified spirit.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims.
=Tincture of Phos′phorus (Ethereal).= _Syn._ ÆTHER PHOSPHORATUS, TINCTURA
PHOSPHORI ÆTHEREA, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. Hann. 1831.) Phosphorus (powdered by
agitation with rectified spirit), 16 gr.; ether, 2 oz.; macerate, with
agitation, for 4 days, then decant the clear portion, and preserve it in a
stoppered bottle, in a cool dark situation.
2. (P. Cod.) Phosphorus, cut small, 1 part; ether, 50 parts; digest with
occasional agitation for 1 month, and decant the clear.——_Dose_, 5 to 15
drops, in any bland vehicle, thrice daily; in impotency, low sinking
conditions of the system, &c.
=Tincture of Poplar Buds.= _Syn._ TINCTURA POPULI. (Van Monc.) _Prep._
Poplar buds, 4 oz.; rectified spirit, 24 oz. Macerate and filter.
=Tincture of Quas′sia.= _Syn._ TINCTURA QUASSIÆ (B. P., Ph. E), L. _Prep._
1. (B. P.) Quassia in chips, 3/4; proof spirit, 20; digest 7 days; filter,
and make up to 20.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. E.) Quassia, in chips, 10 dr.; proof spirit, 1 quart; digest 7
days. Bitter, tonic.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.; in dyspepsia, &c.
=Tincture of Quassia (Compound).= _Syn._ TINCTURA QUASSIÆ COMPOSITA (Ph.
E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Cardamoms and cochineal, of each, bruised, 1/2
oz.; powdered cinnamon and quassia chips, of each 6 dr.; raisins, 7 oz.;
proof spirit, 1 quart; digest for 7 days (or by percolation), then press,
and filter. Aromatic and tonic.——_Dose_ and _use_, as the last.
=Tincture of Quinine (Ammoniated).= _Syn._ TINCTURA QUININÆ AMMONIATA. (B.
P.) _Prep._ Sulphate of quinine, 160 gr.; solution of ammonia, 2-1/2 fl.
oz.; proof spirit, 17-1/2 oz.; dissolve the quinine in the spirit with a
gentle heat, and add the solution of ammonia.——_Dose_, 1/2 dr. to 2 dr.
=Tincture of Quinine (Compound).= _Syn._ FEVER DROPS; TINCTURA QUINÆ (B.
P.); TINCTURA QUINÆ COMPOSITA (Ph. L.) _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Sulphate of
quinia, 1; tincture of orange peel, 60; dissolve with a gentle heat,
digest for 3 days with occasional agitation and strain.——_Dose_, 1 to
1-1/2 dr.
2. (Ph. L.) Sulphate of quinine, 5 dr. 1 scrup. (or 320 gr.); tincture of
orange peel, 1 quart; digest, with agitation, for 7 days, or until
solution is complete.
_Obs._ Unless the tincture employed as the solvent be of the full
strength, some of the disulphate remains undissolved. It is an excellent
medicine when faithfully prepared.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr.; in debility,
dyspepsia, &c.
=Tincture of Red Gum.= _Syn._ TINCTURA GUMMI RUBRI. (Mr Squire.) _Prep._
Red gum, 1 part; rectified spirit, 4. Digest and strain.——_Dose_, 20 to 40
minims.
=Tincture of Red Lav′ender.= Compound tincture of lavender.
=Tincture of Rhat′any.= _Syn._ TINCTURA KRAMERIÆ (B. P., Ph. D.), L.
_Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Rhatany, bruised, 1; proof spirit, 8; macerate 48 hours
in 6 of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator; when it
ceases to drop, pour on the remaining spirit, and wash the marc with
spirit to make up 8.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.
2. (Ph. D.) Rhatany root, in coarse powder, 8 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart;
macerate for 14 days, then press, and filter. Astringent.——_Dose_, 1 to 2
fl. dr. The formula of the Ph. U. S. is similar.
=Tincture of Rhododendron.= _Syn._ TINCTURA RHODODENDRI. (Niemann.)
_Prep._ Leaves of _Rhododendron Chrysanthum_, 2 oz.; French brandy, 1/2
lb.; sherry, 1/2 lb. Digest for 15 days.
=Tincture of Rhu′barb.= _Syn._ TINCTURA RHEI (B. P., Ph. E.), L. _Prep._
1. (B. P.) Rhubarb, bruised, 2; cardamom seeds, bruised, 1/4; coriander,
bruised, 1/4; saffron, 1/4; proof spirit, 20; macerate for 48 hours with
15 of the spirit, agitating occasionally, pack in a percolator, and when
it ceases to drop pour on the remaining spirit, press and wash the marc,
and add spirit to make up 20.——_Dose._ As a stomachic, 1 to 2 dr.; as a
purgative, 1/2 to 1 oz.
2. (Ph. E.) Powdered rhubarb, 3-1/2 oz.; cardamom seeds, bruised, 1/2 oz.;
proof spirit, 1 quart; digest, or proceed by the method of displacement.
3. (Ph. L. 1824.) Rhubarb, 2 oz.; cardamoms, 4 dr.; saffron, 2 dr.; proof
spirit, 32 fl. oz. Both the above are cordial, stomachic, and
laxative.——_Dose_, 1 fl. dr, to 1 fl. oz.
=Tincture of Rhubarb (Aqueous).= _Syn._ TINCTURA RHEI AQUOSA. (Ph. G.)
_Prep._ Rhubarb, 10 oz.; borax, 1 oz.; carbonate of potash, 1 oz.; boiling
water, 85 oz. Infuse for 1/4 hour, then add rectified spirit, 10 oz. (by
weight); let stand 2-1/2 hours, and add cinnamon water, 15 oz.
=Tincture of Rhubarb (Compound).= _Syn._ TINCTURA RHEI COMPOSITA (Ph. L. &
D.). _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Rhubarb, sliced, 2-1/2 oz.; liquorice root,
bruised, 6 dr.; ginger (bruised) and hay saffron, of each 3 dr.; proof
spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 7 days, then press, and filter.
2. (Ph.) Rhubarb, 3 oz.; cardamoms, 1 oz.; liquorice root, 1/2 oz.;
saffron, 1/4 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate for 14 days.
3. (Ph. L. 1824.) Rhubarb, 2 oz.; liquorice root, 4 dr.; ginger and
saffron, of each 2 dr.; proof spirit, 16 fl. oz.; water, 12 fl. oz.
_Obs._ This tincture is a popular remedy in diarrhœa and colic, and is an
especial favourite with drunkards.——_Dose_, as a stomachic, 1 to 3 fl.
dr.; as a purgative, 1/2 to 1-1/2 fl. oz. The tincture of rhubarb of the
shops is mostly inferior, being generally deficient both in rhubarb and
spirit. The following forms we have seen extensively employed in the
wholesale trade:——East Indian rhubarb, 20 lbs.; boiling water, q. s. to
cover it; infuse for 24 hours, then slice the rhubarb, and put it into a
cask with moist sugar, 14 lbs.; ginger, bruised, 3-1/2 lbs.; hay saffron,
1 lb.; carbonate of potash, 1/2 lb.; bruised nutmegs, 1/4 lb.; rectified
spirit, 19 galls.; water, 21 galls.; macerate with frequent agitation for
14 days, decant the clear portion, and press and filter the bottoms. Those
houses that adhere to the Ph. L. for 1824 substitute cardamom seeds, 5
lbs., for the ginger. For the corresponding Ph. E. formula see the last
article.
=Tincture of Rhubarb (Brandish’s Al′kaline).= _Syn._ TINCTURA RHEI
ALKALINA BRANDISHII, L. _Prep._ From rhubarb, in coarse powder, 1-1/2 oz.;
Brandish’s alkaline solution, 1 quart; macerate for a week. In the
original formula only 1/2 oz. of rhubarb is ordered.——_Dose_, 20 drops to
2 fl. dr., in any bland liquid, not acidulous; in acidities, dyspepsia,
&c.
=Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes.= _Syn._ SACRED ELIXIR†; TINCTURA RHEI ET
ALOËS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. D.) Rhubarb, in powder, 1-1/2 oz.;
Socotrine or East Indian aloes, 6 dr.; cardamom seeds, bruised, 5 dr.;
proof spirit, 1 quart; macerate 7 days, or percolate. A warm stomachic
purgative.——_Dose_, 1/2 fl. oz. to 1 fl. oz.
=Tincture of Rhubarb and Gen′tian.= TINCTURA RHEI AMARA, TINCTURA RHEI ET
GENTIANÆ (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Rhubarb, 2 oz.; gentian, 1/2 oz.;
proof spirit, 1 quart; proceed as for the last. Stomachic, tonic, and
purgative.——_Dose_, 1 fl. dr. to 1 fl. oz.