around where its doctrines were first propagated. There are, however,
societies of this class of Christians in other parts of the country, some
adopting, and others rejecting, its views on baptism. The total number in
the United States is about one hundred and fifty thousand.
PUBLICATIONS. The Disciples of Christ publish a periodical, the
_Millennial Harbinger_, at Bethany, Va., (edited by CAMPBELL, the founder
of the sect,) and another, the _Evangelist_, at Carthage, Ohio.
Episcopalians.
We have already given, in the historical account of the Episcopal Church,
in this Country, a few brief notices of its condition; and we now present
the following additional statistics.
List Of Bishops.
It being the essential principle of Episcopacy, that legitimate church
authority is not originated by voluntary associations of men, but is of
Divine origin, derived from Christ, and transmitted through an unbroken
succession of Bishops, who trace their appointment to Him, we here give a
list of the names of persons who constitute such succession.
ORDER OF EPISCOPAL SUCCESSION.
A. D.
JESUS CHRIST.
44. St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome.
66. Linus.
81. Anacletus.
91. Clement.
102. Euarestus.
111. Alexander.
121. Sixtus I.
130. Telesphorus.
141. Hyginus.
144. Pius.
159. Anicetus.
168. Soter.
176. Eleutherius.
193. Victor.
201. Zephyrinus.
218. Callistus.
224. Urbanus.
232. Pontianus.
238. Anterus.
238. Fabianus.
252. Cornelius.
254. Lucius.
255. Stephanus.
258. Sixtus II.
265. Dionysius.
270. Felix I.
275. Eutychianus
283. Caius.
296. Marcellinus.
304. Marcellus.
309. Eusebius.
311. Miltiades.
314. Sylvester.
336. Marcus.
337. Julius.
352. Liberius.
356. Felix II.
366. Damasus.
385. Siricius.
398. Anastasius I.
402. Innocent.
417. Zosimus.
419. Boniface I.
423. Celestine.
434. Sixtus III.
443. Leo (the Great.)
464. Hilary.
468. Simplicius.
483. Felix III.
492. Gelasius.
496. Anastasius II.
498. Symmachus
514. Hormisdas.
524. John I.
526. Felix IV.
530. Boniface II.
532. John II.
535. Agapetus.
537. Silverius.
540. Virgilius.
555. Pelagius I.
560. John III.
574. Benedictus.
578. Pelagius II.
596. Gregory (the Great.)
596. Augustine, Missionary Bishop to England.
611. Laurentius.
619. Melitus.
624. Justus.
628. Honorius.
656. Adeodatus.
668. Theodore.
692. Brithwald.
731. Tatwyn, or Cadwyn.
735. Egbright.
736. Nothelmus.
742. Cuthbert.
759. Bregwin.
762. Lambert.
793. Atheland.
806. Wulfred.
830. Theologild.
830. Syred.
831. Ceolnoth.
871. Athelredus.
889. Plegmund.
915. Athelme.
924. Wolfhelme.
934. Odo Severus.
957. Elfin.
958. Brithelme.
959. Dunstan.
988. Ethelgarus.
989. Siricius.
994. Alfricus.
1006. Ælfeagus.
1013. Livingus, or Elstan.
1020. Agelnoth.
1038. Eadsius, or Eadsinus.
1050. Robert Gemiticensis.
1052. Stigand.
1070. Lanfranc.
1093. Anselme.
1114. Rodolph, or Raphe.
1122. William Corbel, or Corbois.
1138. Theobald.
1162. Thomas a Becket.
1173. Richard.
1184. Baldwin.
1191. Reginald Fitz Joceline.
1193. Hubert Walter.
1207. Stephen Langton.
1229. Richard Weatherhead.
1235. Edmund.
1244. Boniface III.
1272. Robert Kilwarby.
1278. John Peckam.
1294. Robert Winchelsey.
1313. Walter Raynolds.
1327. Simon Mepham.
1333. John Stratford.
1349. Thomas Bradwardin.
1349. Simon Islippe.
1366. Simon Langham.
1368. William Wittlesey.
1375. Simon Sudbury.
1381. William Courtney.
1396. Thomas Arundel.
1414. Henry Chichley.
1443. John Stafford.
1452. John Kemp.
1454. Thomas Bourchier.
1486. John Morton.
1501. Henry Deane.
1504. William Warham.
1521. John Longland.
1533. THOMAS CRANMER.(15)
1536. Robert Parfew.
1537. John Hodgskins.
1559. Matthew Parker.
1559. Edmund Grindal.
1577. John Whitgift.
1597. Richard Bancroft.
1609. George Abbott.
1617. George Monteigne
1621. William Laud.
1634. Matthew Wren.
1660. Gilbert Sheldon.
1674. Henry Compton.
1677. William Sancroft.
1685. Jonathan Trelawney.
1715. John Potter.
1737. Thomas Herring.
1749. Frederick Cornwallis.
1775. John Moore.
1793. Charles Manners Sutton.
1813. William Howley, (_now living._)
1775. John Moore.
1787. WILLIAM WHITE.
1811. Alexander V. Griswold.
LIST OF BISHOPS OF THE CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES.
Those with an asterisk (*) are deceased.
*1784. Samuel Seabury, D. D., Connecticut, died, 1796.
*1787. William White, D. D., Pennsylvania, died, 1836.
*1787. Samuel Provoost, D. D., New York, died, 1815.
*1790. James Madison, D. D., Virginia, died, 1812.
*1792. Thomas John Claggett, D. D., Maryland, died, 1816.
*1795. Robert Smith, D. D., South Carolina, died, 1801.
*1797. Edward Bass, D. D., Massachusetts, died, 1803.
*1797. Abraham Jarvis, D. D., Connecticut, died, 1813.
*1801. Benjamin Moore, D. D., New York, died, 1816.
*1804. Samuel Parker, D. D., Massachusetts, died, 1804.
*1811. John Henry Hobart, D. D., New York, died, 1830.
1811. Alexander Viets Griswold, D. D., Massachusetts.
*1812. Theodore Dehon, D. D., South Carolina, died, 1817.
*1814. Richard Channing Moore, D. D., Virginia, died, 1841.
*1814. James Kemp, D. D., Maryland, died, 1827.
*1815. John Croes, D. D., Now Jersey, died, 1832.
*1818. Nathaniel Bowen, D. D., South Carolina, died, 1839.
1819. Philander Chase, D. D., Illinois.
1819. Thomas Church Brownell, D. D., LL. D., Connecticut.
*1823. John Stark Ravenscroft, D. D., North Carolina, died, 1830.
1827. Henry Ustick Onderdonk, D. D., Pennsylvania.
1829. William Meade, D. D., Virginia.
*1830. William Murray Stone, D. D., Maryland, died, 1838.
1830. Benjamin Tredwell Onderdonk, D. D., New York.
1831. Levi Silliman Ives, D. D., LL. D., North Carolina.
1832. John Henry Hopkins, D. D., Vermont.
1832. Benjamin Bosworth Smith, D. D., Kentucky.
1832. Charles Pettit McIlvaine, D. D., Ohio.
1832. George Washington Doane, D. D., LL. D., New Jersey.
1834. James Hervey Otey, D. D., Tennessee.
1835. Jackson Kemper, D. D., Missionary Bishop, for Wisconsin Iowa,
and the Indian territory North of Lat. 36-1/2°.
1836. Samuel Allen McCoskry, D. D., Michigan.
1838. Leonidas Polk, D. D., Louisiana.
1839. William Heathcote De Lancey, D. D., Western New York.
1840. Christopher Edwards Gadsden, D. D., South Carolina.
1840. William Rollinson Whittingham, D. D., Maryland.
1841. Stephen Elliott, jun., D. D., Georgia.
1841. Alfred Lee, D. D., Delaware.
The following table contains the statistics of this church in the United
States:—
States. Dioceses. Bishops. Clergy.
Maine 1 7
New Hampshire 1 10
Vermont 1 1 24
Massachusetts 1 1 49
Rhode Island 1 20
Connecticut 1 1 92
New York 1 1 196
Western New York 1 1 101
New Jersey 1 1 42
Pennsylvania 1 1 107
Delaware 1 1 10
Maryland 1 1 81
Virginia 1 1 94
North Carolina 1 1 30
South Carolina 1 1 47
Georgia 1 1 16
Louisiana, Alabama 1 1 18
Mississippi, 1 1 23
Tennessee, Arkansas
Kentucky 1 1 21
Ohio 1 1 58
Illinois 1 1 9
Michigan 1 1 19
Indiana, Missouri, 1 1 44
Iowa, Wisconsin
Florida 1 4
Totals 30 20 1114
The Dioceses of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, are
under the charge of the same Bishop. Indiana and Missouri are under the
charge of the Missionary Bishop for Wisconsin, Iowa, and the Indian
territory North of Lat. 36-1/2°. Alabama is under the charge of the Bishop
of Louisiana. Mississippi and Arkansas are under the charge of the Bishop
of Tennessee.
In the British American Provinces and Islands, there are six dioceses,
containing six Bishops, and 454 other clergymen.
There are numerous local Societies for religious purposes, in every
Diocese.
PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS.—WEEKLY: The _Churchman_, New York; _Gospel
Messenger_, Utica; _Gospel Messenger and Southern Episcopal Register_,
Charleston, S. C.; _Episcopal Recorder_, Philadelphia; _Southern
Churchman_, Alexandria, D. C.; _Christian Witness_, Boston; _Western
Episcopal Observer_, Cincinnati, Ohio; _Banner of the Cross_,
Philadelphia; _Practical Christian and Church Chronicle_, New Haven,
Ct.—MONTHLY: _Journal of Christian Education_, New York; _Children’s
Magazine_, New York; _Spirit of Missions_, New York; _Church Record_,
Flushing, N. Y.
Friends.
The Friends are found in most of the states in the Union, and some in the
British Provinces. They are most numerous in Pennsylvania, a state first
settled by them, under their worthy head and father, in this country,
WILLIAM PENN, in 1682.
In England and Ireland, they number about fifty thousand; and in America,
about two hundred thousand, and are divided into four hundred and fifty
congregations. About half are Orthodox, and the other half Hicksites, or
followers of ELIAS HICKS, who died at Jericho, N. Y. in 1830, aged 76.
Jews.
The number of Jews in the United States is estimated at about four
thousand. They have synagogues in Newport, R. I., the cities of New York,
Philadelphia, Charleston, S. C., and in other parts of the country. Their
mode of worship is exceedingly interesting. With regard to the number of
this people in the world, Blackwood’s Magazine says:—
“The statistics of the Jewish population are among the most singular
circumstances of this most singular of all people. Under all their
calamities and dispersions, they seem to have remained at nearly the same
amount as in the days of David and Solomon—never much more in prosperity,
never much less after ages of suffering. Nothing like this has occurred in
the history of any other race; Europe in general having doubled its
population within the last hundred years, and England nearly tripled hers
within the last half century; the proportion of America being still more
rapid, and the world crowding in a constantly-increasing ratio. Yet the
Jews seem to stand still in this vast and general movement. The population
of Judea, in its most palmy days, probably did not exceed, if it reached,
four millions. The numbers who entered Palestine from the wilderness, were
evidently not much more than three; and their census, according to the
German statists, who are generally considered to be exact, is now nearly
the same as that of the people under Moses—about three millions.”
On the above, Judge Noah, of New York, a learned Jew, remarks:—
“We apprehend there is some error in the above statistics, and that the
number of Jews throughout the world may be estimated at nearer six
millions than three. There are more than a million in Poland and Russia;
in all Asia, there are full two millions; half a million in Austria; in
the Barbary States and Africa, a million; in all Europe, two millions and
a half. We do not think, during the most splendid periods of Jewish
history, that they ever exceeded four millions; but then their colonies
and countries held tributary in Europe and Asia, amounted to many millions
more. For example, at one period all Spain paid tribute to King Solomon;
and all Spain and Portugal, at this day, are descendants of the Jews and
Moors; and there are many thousands of Jews, in both those countries, now
adhering in secret to the ancient faith of their fathers, while outwardly
professing the Catholic religion. All the familiar Spanish and Portuguese
names—Lopez, Mendez, Carvalho, Fonseca, Rodrigues, Peirara, Azavedo,
Montefiores, &c. &c.—are of Jewish origin. Their numbers, therefore, will
never be accurately known until the restoration, when thousands who, from
convenience and pride, and some from apprehension, conceal their religion,
will be most eager to avow it when their nation takes rank among the
governments of the earth.”
Lutherans.
The government of the Lutherans is somewhat singular. Where it is
established by law, the supreme head of the state is also supreme head of
the church. They have bishops, but no diocesan episcopacy, except in
Denmark and Sweden. These are called _superintendents_ in Germany, and
_presidents_ in the United States. There is but _one_ archbishop, and he
is the primate of Sweden.
They have in the United States about one thousand churches, four hundred
ministers, seventy thousand communing members, and about one hundred and
forty thousand which do not commune.
EDUCATION, &c.—They have a college, located at Gettysburg, Pa., and
several academies in different parts of the country; also four theological
seminaries, located at Gettysburg, Pa.; Columbus, Ohio; Lexington, S. C.;
Hartwich, N. Y., a fifth is contemplated in Indiana. Their different
education societies support about eighty beneficiaries, preparing for the
ministry, at an expense of one hundred dollars each, annually. The
_Lutheran Observer_ is published weekly, at Baltimore.
The Lutherans are one of the most numerous sects of Christians in the
world. The whole number in Europe is estimated at twenty-seven millions,
embracing seventeen reigning sovereigns. This estimate, of course,
includes the Moravians.
Protestant Methodists.
This infant church is rapidly increasing, especially in the middle States.
Its population in the United States exceeds one hundred and fifty
thousand.
This class of Christians have twenty-one annual conferences in as many
states; nearly four hundred travelling, and a large number of unstationed
ministers. They have a general conference, which meets once in four years,
consisting of two delegates from every thousand communicants, one a
minister, the other a layman: this is their legislative body. The number
of communicants is about sixty-five thousand.
PUBLICATIONS. The Protestant Methodists support four religious papers:—the
_Olive Branch_, Boston, Mass.; the _New York Luminary_, New York, the
_Methodist Protestant_, Baltimore, Md., and the _Western Recorder_,
Zanesville, Ohio.
Methodists.
The population of all denominations of Methodists in the United States
exceeds three millions.
PUBLICATIONS.—The _Christian Advocate and Journal_, New York city; _Zion’s
Herald and Wesleyan Journal_, Boston, Mass.; _Northern Advocate_, Auburn,
N. Y.; _Christian Repository_, Philadelphia, Pa.; _Richmond Christian
Advocate_, Richmond, Va.; _Southern Christian Advocate_, Charleston, S.
C.; _South-Western Christian Advocate_, Nashville, Tenn.; _Pittsburg
Christian Advocate_, Pittsburg, Pa.; _Western Christian Advocate_, and the
_Christian Apologist_, a German paper, Cincinnati, Ohio.
There is also published by this denomination, the _Methodist Quarterly
Review_, New York city; _Ladies’ Repository_, (monthly,) Cincinnati, Ohio;
_Guide to Christian Perfection_, (monthly,) Boston, Mass., _Sunday School
Advocate_, (semi-monthly,) New York city; _Sabbath School Messenger_,
(semi-monthly,) Boston, Mass. The Methodists have ten colleges, and thirty
academies.
In the Methodist church in Canada, are two weekly newspapers viz.,
_Christian Guardian_, Toronto, U. C.; _The Wesleyan_, Montreal, L. C.
From the “Minutes of the Annual Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, for the Year 1840,” we copy the following table:—
Conferences, Ministers, &c.
Conferences. Whites. Colored. Indians. Total Com. Trav. Prs.
Troy 24,488 78 24,566 144
New England 22,319 235 22,554 157
New 20,084 20,084 151
Hampshire
Pittsburg 35,276 474 35,750 136
Maine 22,359 22,359 145
Black River 15,908 27 15,935 96
Erie 17,860 50 17,910 107
Oneida 22,909 65 22,974 142
Michigan 11,308 12 87 11,407 74
Rock River 6,519 21 45 6,585 75
Genesee 27,931 50 27,981 162
North Ohio 23,594 91 213 23,898 95
Ohio 53,621 662 54,283 168
Illinois 24,607 80 24,687 103
Missouri 12,386 1,224 382 13,992 66
Kentucky 30,679 6,321 37,000 114
Tennessee 21,675 4,405 26,080 95
Indiana 52,208 407 52,615 156
Memphis 12,497 1,995 14,492 69
Arkansas 4,228 725 1,524 6,479 41
Holston 25,902 2,420 28,322 68
Mississippi 8,433 4,178 67 12,678 81
North 15,983 4,480 20,463 61
Carolina
Texas 1,623 230 1,853 19
Alabama 19,491 5,821 25,312 87
South 26,945 30,481 57,426 102
Carolina
Virginia 21,841 3,086 24,927 94
Georgia 28,868 9,989 38,857 127
Baltimore 42,789 13,904 56,693 182
Philadelphia 35,094 8,778 43,872 128
New Jersey 22,733 542 23,275 108
New York 36,284 405 36,689 215
Liberia 922 922 19
Mission
Total, 1840 748,442 102,158 2,318 852,918 3,587
Total, 1842 796,495 107,251 2,617 906,363 3,846
Presbyterians.
The Protestant faith was introduced into Scotland about 1527; and about
1592 Andrew Melville effected the introduction of the Presbyterian form of
church polity. This form, through much persecution, and even bloodshed,
has been maintained ever since. Its creed is Calvinistic. This church has
nearly a thousand ministers, and about one million five hundred thousand
church members. It is the established religion of Scotland, sustained by
law. There are also several bodies of dissenting Presbyterians in
Scotland.
-------------------------------------
Presbyterianism was first introduced into England by those Christians who
returned from Frankfort, after the death of Queen Mary. For a time, it
flourished, but at length lapsed into Socinianism. There are, however, a
few churches in England still pure, which are in fellowship with the
Scotch Presbyterians.
-------------------------------------
This denomination began its organized existence in America about the year
1700, and is the offspring of the church of Scotland. Its first ministers
were Rev. Francis McKemie, and the Rev. John Hampton, who labored in
Virginia.
The first church of this order was organized in Philadelphia, 1703, the
first presbytery, 1704, and the first synod in 1716. Since that time, they
have steadily increased, and their number in 1840 was ninety-six
presbyteries, twelve hundred and thirty-two ministers, eighteen hundred
and twenty-three churches, and one hundred and fifty-two thousand four
hundred and fifty-one communicants.
The Presbyterians are found chiefly in the Middle, Western, and Southern
States. The number of people attached to this form of church government in
the United States, is supposed to exceed two millions.
EDUCATION.—Within the bounds of the church there are thirteen theological
seminaries, three of which are under the care of the General Assembly.
They have a board of education, which has about four hundred young men in
training for the ministry.
The Calvinistic publications announce their sentiments.
-------------------------------------
In 1837, a division arose in the Presbyterian church, into Old and New
Schools, in consequence of variant views of doctrine and discipline. The
friends of the New School were exscinded, or cut off, from the old church,
but still claim to be the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church.
Unfortunately, the difficulty is not settled; we cannot, therefore, give
the strength of the parties.
Other Presbyterian Communities.
The Associate Presbyterians have about one hundred ministers, one hundred
and ninety congregations, and twenty thousand communicants. They are
principally found south and west of the Hudson River.
The Reformed Presbyterians, or Covenanters, are located principally in
Ohio. They have about thirty ministers, fifty congregations, and four
thousand communicants.
The Associate Reformed have about one hundred and twenty-five ministers,
more than two hundred congregations, and about fifteen thousand
communicants. They are located principally in Pennsylvania.
Reformed Dutch Church.
This church comprises one general synod, and two particular synods; one at
New York, and another at Albany. The two synods comprise eighteen classes,
about two hundred ministers, two hundred churches, twenty-seven thousand
communicants, and a population of about one hundred and thirty thousand.
This denomination of Christians is found almost entirely in the first
settlements in the states of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
The _Christian Intelligencer_, published at New York, advocates the
principles of this church.
Roman Catholics.
This denomination is spread over every section of the United States and
the British Provinces. They form, it is stated, more than three fourths of
the population of the Canadas. They are also found in large numbers in the
Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In this Union, they are most
numerous in the Middle States; but in consequence of the great influx of
this people into North America, and their frequent change of location, it
is utterly impossible to state their numbers, in each state, with any
degree of accuracy. Their number in the United States is variously stated
from five hundred thousand to one million five hundred thousand. Their
number, probably, is not less than eight hundred thousand, nor more than
one million two hundred thousand. The population of Canada, in 1840, was
at least one million.
-------------------------------------
The first Roman Catholics that came to this country were from England,
under Lord Baltimore, a Catholic nobleman, in 1634. They settled the state
of Maryland; and, much to their honor, while some of the Protestant
provinces were persecuting all those who differed from them on religious
subjects, the Catholic Marylanders protected all sects that were moral and
civil in their deportment.
We copy from the “Metropolitan Catholic Almanac and Laity’s Directory for
1841” the following statistical table:—
STATISTICS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES
Diocese. Churches Clergymen Clergymen Eccl. Clerical
and in the otherwise Inst. Students.
Chapels. Ministry. employed.
Baltimore 68 38 31 4 52
Richmond 7 6 1 0 0
Philadelphia 91 57 2 1 22
New York 64 65 1 1 14
Boston 30 31 0 0 0
Detroit 25 17 1 0 0
Cincinnati 38 34 2 1
Vincennes 27 25 5 1 9
Du Buque 5 8 0 0 0
St Louis 56 50 23 2 30
Bardstown 40 26 25 1
Nashville 1 6 0 1 2
New Orleans 38 39 11 1 9
Natchez 1 2
Mobile 7 12 7
Charleston 14 20 0 4 6
Total 512 436 109 17 144
Diocese. Literary Young Men Female Female Pupils in
Inst. for in Religious Academ. Female
young Men. College. Inst. Academ.
Baltimore 5 633 5 9 530
Richmond 0 0 0 3 100
Philadelphia 2 60 0 1 30
New York 1 0 2 120
Boston 1 60 1 1
Detroit 1 1 1
Cincinnati 1 2 2 70
Vincennes 1 50 1 1 50
Du Buque 1 0 1
St Louis 3 320 10 10 640
Bardstown 3 300 3 10 528
Nashville 1 0 0 0
New Orleans 1 100 4 4 526
Natchez 0 0
Mobile 2 70 2 2 60
Charleston 1 2 2 128
Total 24 1593 31 49 2782
The sacred college of cardinals has fifty-seven members. The total number
is seventy.
There are twelve patriarchs in the Christian world. The archbishops and
bishops amount to six hundred and seventy-one. The vicars apostolic in
different countries are fifty-seven in number, besides whom there are
thirty-eight coadjutor-bishops, making the grand total of the Catholic
episcopacy amount to seven hundred and sixty-six bishops.
CATHOLIC PERIODICALS.—The _United States Catholic Miscellany_, published
weekly in Charleston, S. C.; the _Catholic Telegraph_, published weekly in
Cincinnati, Ohio; the _Catholic Herald_, published weekly in Philadelphia;
the _Catholic Advocate_, published weekly in Bardstown, Ky.; _Der
Wahrheit’s Freund_, (German paper,) published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio;
the _New York Catholic Register_, published weekly in the city of New
York; _Ordo divini Officii recitandi_, _Missæque celebrandæ, juxta
Rubricas Breviarii ac Missalis Romani_, published annually in Baltimore;
the _Young Catholic’s Magazine_, enlarged series, published on the first
of each month, in New York.
-------------------------------------
At the time of the reformation, 1517, papal power, or the power of the
pope of Rome, had acquired so great a spiritual dominion over the minds
and consciences of men, that all Europe submitted to it with implicit
obedience. At the present day, the Roman Catholic religion prevails, more
or less, in every country in Christendom. Its population is stated to
exceed eighty millions. It is the established religion of Austria, France,
Portugal, and Spain, and of thirteen other states in Europe.
Popes of Rome.(16) A. D.