to me from Gen'l Pike the Acting Superintendent of Indian Affairs
(addressed to you) in reference to fifteen thousand dollars appropriated
by the Government to purchase farming utensils, oxen, wagons and stock
animals for Indians located on the Washita Reserve, which fund was handed
to you. The direction of the expenditures of the fund legitimately belongs
to the local Agent who is alone supposed to know the amount and
description of articles necessary to be purchased for the Indians, hence
Gen'l Pike's letter. Before making any of the purchases indicated it would
be well to see me in order to ascertain the amount and description
required, the Indians already have been furnished with a few wagons, oxen
and farming utensils, in fact in reference to farming implements they are
well enough supplied with the exception of weeding hoes and axes; and in
reference to the stock animals to be purchased I would like to have a
distinct understanding with regard to the quality and the price; a
responsible gentleman whom I met here is willing to furnish cows and
calves, the cows not to exceed six years old delivered at the agency at
sixteen dollars; therefore I should be unwilling to receive on the part of
the Government animals of that description at a higher price in the
absence of positive instructions to that effect; the quantity also to be
purchased is an important item.
If you will take the trouble to visit the Agency, I will give you an exact
description of the articles necessary to be purchased and will give you
the preference as a contractor for furnishing the same.
A copy of this letter will be furnished the Acting Superintendent Gen'l
Pike, and the Department. Very respectfully, Your obt sevt.
[M. LEEPER]
WASH., ARK., Aug. 19, 1862.
COLONEL: I have forwarded you letters to the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs. Having resigned and been deprived of command in the Indian
Country, I am also relieved of duty as Acting Superintendent, for which
crowning mercy, God be thanked.
Mr. Parks returned on receiving your letter and refunded me $15,000 placed
in his hands, except $200, paid for a mowing machine. I have deposited the
residue, with all other Indian moneys, (Coin and paper), in a safe place,
and so advised the Commissioner. As soon as a new Superintendent is
appointed, I hope to get rid of it all.
If you had written me, _before_, what you write now, in regard to
McKusken[?], you would not have had to complain that I frustrated your
efforts. You sent him to me it is true, but with no such charges, and
consequently left me bound to pay him off. I had employed him, and no
showing was made to me that he did not deserve his pay. I hear the charges
_now_ for the first time.
As to the corn at Cobb, I think you are misinformed. When I returned there
last fall I found it difficult to get a small quantity, because the
officer in Command said they needed it all; although the troops were on
the point of leaving. I know it had been so wasted that there was not much
left and what _was_ left, you needed, as you had none. I wonder you did
not send your wagons and get it, as soon as the troops left, if there was
any remaining, and account for it.
I _was_ sorry to hear that you had made unkind remarks in regard to
myself, and though apparently my friend, were secretly my enemy--and I am
truly glad to receive your flat contradiction. I have _never_ had any
unkind feelings towards you, and was glad to believe after meeting you
this Summer, that you had none towards me. For any imputations against
yourself in your official capacity, you are indebted in chief measure to
Major Rector who made them openly, anywhere, and in the presence of many.
What Mr. Sturm said was not said willingly, but drawn from him. He showed
a great disinclination to say anything against you.
Believe me, I would now, as always for years past, rather serve than
injure you. And I sincerely hope our friendly relations may continue. I
expect to settle not far from you and will always gladly aid in
cultivating friendship with the Indians and enabling you to succeed with
them. I am very truly yours
ALBERT PIKE
Col. M. Leeper C. S. Agent Etc.
DESHLER[597] TO LEEPER
Gen. Holmes in reply to your letter of 17th inst. just received, instructs
me to say, that Gen. Hindman is going to take command of all the troops in
the Indian country, he starts in a day or two. Col. W. P. Lane's Reg't has
been ordered to Fort Arbuckle. The gen. com'd'g thinks these measures will
be sufficient to insure quiet in your region, but instructs me to say that
if he knew of any available force in Texas he would have no objection to
sending 5 or 6 Companies to you, but there are no troops available other
than Col. Lane's Reg't already ordered to Arbuckle.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF DOCUMENTARY SOURCES.
The material for this book has been drawn almost entirely from documentary
sources and, in a very large measure, from unpublished documentary
sources; namely, the manuscript records of the United States Indian
Office. Those records to-day are in a very disorganized state, largely due
to change of system and to the many removals to which they have been
subjected within the last few years. At the time when they were examined
for the purposes of the present work, such of them as were not included in
_Registers_, _Letter Books_, and _Report Books_ were classified as _Land
Files_, _General Files_, _Special Files_, _Emigration Files_,
_Miscellaneous Files_, _Star Files_, and the like, the basis of
classification being, convenience in the current and routine work of the
office. The individual files were arranged according to tribe, agency, or
superintendency and every incoming letter had its own file mark. It had a
letter to designate the transmitter, that letter being the initial of the
transmitter's surname or of the office he represented, and it had a number
to indicate its rank in a series, all the papers of which bore the same
initial letter and had been received in the same given year. Finally, it
was rated as belonging to a particular tribe, agency, or superintendency
and to a particular file.
In the autumn of 1911, an attempt was made to consolidate the old _Land_
and _General Files_ with the result that now they are no longer distinct
from each other; but it has seemed best not to change the reference in the
citations. The year, the letter, and the number are permanent indices and,
with them at hand, there ought to be no difficulty in the locating of a
paper, except for the fact that nearly everything in the United States
Indian Office seems, just now, rather transitory and chaotic. Had the
inaugural ball for 1913 not been dispensed with, the plan was, to use the
records as the base for the band-stand, a decidedly interesting
reflection, one must admit, upon the popular notion of the value of the
national archives.
Among the manuscripts used in the preparation of the present work, were
two collections of papers that came into the United States Indian Office
out of the regular course of its official business. In the citations, one
is noted as _Leeper Papers_, and the other as _Fort Smith Papers_. Their
history, since they came into the Indian Office, proves how urgent is the
need for a Hall of Records. Inasmuch as these papers were not required for
the every-day business of the office, they were packed away, years and
years ago, along with a lot of other commercially useless papers, in huge
boxes and stored in the attic of the old Post-office Building. There they
were left to be forgotten. In the course of time, the Office of Indian
Affairs was moved from the old Post-office Building to the Pension
Building; but the packing-boxes in the attic were inadvertently left
behind. One day, however, the writer discovered that papers, found at the
Wichita Agency at the time Agent Leeper was killed, October, 1862, had
really come into the Indian Office; but the question was, where were they?
A search high and low was totally without success until it developed that
the packing-boxes in the attic were supposed to contain "useless" papers
and were still in the old Post-office Building. Permission was obtained to
have them examined and, for this purpose, they were transferred to the
Pension Building. Among their contents was found a number of interesting
and valuable documents which very likely would soon have been lost
forever, destroyed by the General Land Office because abandoned by the
Indian. The contents included, besides the _Leeper Papers_ for which the
search had been especially conducted, letter-books of Michigan territorial
governors, file-boxes of all sorts, and a mass of Confederate stuff,
brought from Fort Smith. The last-named proved a veritable mine of wealth.
It comprised the occasional correspondence of Cooper, Cowart, Crawford,
Drew, Dean, Rector, Pike, and many others whose official life had brought
them into contact with the Indians. It was all very suggestive and
remunerative.
To supplement the manuscripts an exhaustive search of the _Official
Records of the War of the Rebellion_ has been made and with good results.
It is a pity that the material in the _Official Records_ is so badly
arranged and so much of it duplicated and often triplicated. Had it been
better edited and better indexed, the danger of over-looking important
documents would have been minimized a hundredfold. The volumes found
particularly useful for Indian participation in the Civil War were the
following:
First Series, vols. i; iii; iv; viii; ix; xiii; xxii, parts 1 and 2;
xxvi, parts 1 and 2; xxxiv, parts 1, 2, and 3; xli, parts 1, 2, 3, and
4; xlviii, parts 1 and 2; liii, supplement.
Third Series, vols. i; ii; iii.
Fourth Series, vols. i; ii; iii.
II. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SOURCES
AMERICAN ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA, 1861-1865, inclusive (New York).
ARKANSAS. Journal of the House of Representatives for the Thirteenth
Session of the General Assembly, November 5, 1860-January 21, 1861 (Little
Rock, 1861).
---- Journal of the Convention, 1861.
---- Messages of the Governors.
BUCHANAN, JAMES. Works, collected and edited by John Basset Moore
(Philadelphia, 1908-1911), 12 vols.
CAIRNES, J. E. Slave Power: its character, career, and probable designs
(New York, 1863), pamphlet.
CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. Journal of the Congress, 1861-1865. (United
States Senate _Executive Documents_, 58th congress, second session, no.
234).
---- Provisional and permanent constitutions; and acts and resolutions of
the first session of the Provisional Congress (Richmond, 1861).
---- Special orders of the adjutant and inspector general's office, 1862
(Richmond, 1862).
CONNELLEY, WILLIAM E., editor. Provisional government of Nebraska
Territory and the Journals of William Walker [Lincoln, Nebraska, 1899].
DEAN, CHARLES W. Letter Book, May 26, 1855 to December 31, 1856
(Manuscript in United States Indian Office).
DREW, THOMAS S. Letter Book, June 1, 1853 to June 1, 1854 (Manuscript in
United States Indian Office).
FORT SMITH PAPERS. A miscellaneous collection of manuscript materials,
transmitted from Fort Smith, Arkansas, at the close of the Civil War.
Among them is the fragment of one of Elias Rector's _Letter Books_.
---- Minutes of the private meetings of the commissioners, 1865 (Land
Files, Indian Talks, Councils, etc., Box 4).
HAGOOD, JOHNSON. Memoirs of the War of Secession from the original
manuscripts of Johnson Hagood (Columbia, S. C., 1912).
KAPPLER, CHARLES J., compiler and editor. Indian affairs: Laws and
Treaties (United States Senate Documents, 58th congress, Second session,
no. 319), 2 vols.
LEEPER PAPERS. Manuscripts, chiefly letters written or received by Matthew
Leeper, successively United States and Confederate States Indian Agent,
brought from the Wichita Agency after the massacre of October, 1862.
LINCOLN, ABRAHAM. Writings, edited by A. B. Lapsley (New York, 1905-1906),
8 vols.
---- Complete Works, edited by John G. Nicolay and John Hay (New York,
1894), 2 vols.
MCPHERSON, EDWARD. Political history of the United States of America
during the Great Rebellion (Washington, 1864).
MASON, EMILY V. Southern poems of the war (Baltimore, 1867).
MATTHEWS, JAMES M., editor. Statutes at Large of the Confederate States of
America from February 8, 1861 to February 18, 1862, together with the
constitution of the provisional government and the permanent constitution
of the Confederate States, and the treaties concluded by the Confederate
States with the Indian tribes (Richmond, 1864).
---- Statutes at Large of the first congress of the Confederate States of
America (Richmond, 1862), pamphlet.
---- Statutes at Large of the Confederate States of America, commencing
the first session of the first congress and including the first session of
the second congress (Richmond, 1864).
MISSOURI. Adjutant-general's report of the Missouri State Militia for 1861
(St. Louis, 1862).
MOORE, FRANK, editor. Diary, or Rebellion record (New York, 1868), 11
vols. and a supplementary volume for 1861-1864.
NEWSPAPERS. Arkansas Baptist (Little Rock).
Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock).
Arkansas Intelligencer (Van Buren).
Arkansas True Democrat (Little Rock).
Chronicle, The (Little Rock).
Daily National Democrat (Little Rock).
Daily State Journal (Little Rock).
National Democrat (Little Rock).
State Rights Democrat, The (Little Rock).
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Weekly Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock).
PHISTERER, FREDERICK. Statistical record of the armies of the United
States (New York, 1890).
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PIKE, ALBERT. Poems, edited by his daughter, Mrs. Lillian Pike Roome
(Little Rock, 1900).
RAINES, C. W., editor. Six decades in Texas, or the memoirs of F. R.
Lubbock (Austin, 1890).
RECTOR, ELIAS. Letter Book.
A Fragment. Ms. in United States Indian Office among the Fort Smith
Papers. Many of the letters have been almost obliterated by exposure.
RICHARDSON, JAMES D., editor. Compilation of the messages and papers of
the Confederacy, including the diplomatic correspondence (Nashville,
1905), 2 vols.
---- Compilation of the messages and papers of the presidents, 1789-1897
(Washington, 1896-1899), 10 vols.
SEWARD, WILLIAM H. Works, edited by G. E. Baker (New York, 1853-1884), 5
vols.
SMITH, WILLIAM R. History and debates of the convention of the people of
Alabama, January 7, 1861 (Montgomery, 1861).
TEXAS. Ordinances and resolutions of the convention held in the city of
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Attorney-general, opinions, 1791-1908
(Washington, 1852-).
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in trust by the United States government for the Indian tribes (House
_Reports_, 36th congress, second session, no. 78).
---- Department of the Interior, Reports of the Secretary, 1861-1865,
inclusive.
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No. 50, August 28, 1854 to February 20, 1855.
" 51, February 21, 1855 to June 12, 1855.
" 52, June 13, 1855 to October 27, 1855.
" 53, October 29, 1855 to March 19, 1856.
" 54, March 20, 1856 to July 30, 1856.
" 55, July 31, 1856 to December 31, 1856.
" 56, January 2, 1857 to May 25, 1857.
" 57, May 26, 1857 to October 31, 1857.
" 58, November 2, 1857 to April 30, 1858.
" 59, May 1, 1858 to October 23, 1858.
" 60, October 25, 1858 to April 29, 1859.
" 61, April 30, 1859 to August 23, 1859.
" 62, August 24, 1859 to February 9, 1860.
" 63, February 10, 1860 to June 26, 1860.
" 64, June 27, 1860 to December 7, 1860.
" 65, December 8, 1860 to June 1, 1861.
" 66, June 3, 1861 to October 23, 1861.
" 67, October 24, 1861 to March 25, 1862.
" 68, March 26, 1862 to August 7, 1862.
" 69, August 8, 1862 to January 20, 1863.
" 70, January 20, 1863 to June 5, 1863.
" 71, June 5, 1863 to October 14, 1863.
" 72, October 15, 1863 to January 8, 1864.
" 73, January 9, 1864 to April 23, 1864.
" 74, April 25, 1864 to July 28, 1864.
" 75, July 28, 1864 to December 7, 1864.
" 76, December 8, 1864 to April 4, 1865.
" 77, April 4, 1865 to August 3, 1865.
" 78, August 3, 1865 to December 8, 1865.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Office of Indian Affairs, Registers (letters
received):
No. 44, January 4, 1855 to July 31, 1855.
" 45, August 1, 1855 to December 31, 1855.
" 46, January 1, 1856 to June 30, 1856.
" 47, July 1, 1856 to December 31, 1856.
" 48, January 1, 1857 to June 30, 1857.
" 49, July 1, 1857 to December 31, 1857.
" 50, January 1, 1858 to June 25, 1858.
" 51, June 25, 1858 to December 29, 1858.
" 52, December 30, 1858 to June 27, 1859.
" 53, June 28, 1859 to December 31, 1859.
" 54, January 1, 1860 to June 1, 1860.
" 55, June 1, 1860 to December 31, 1860.
" 56, January 1, 1861 to June 30, 1861.
" 57, July 1, 1861 to December 31, 1861.
" 58, January 1, 1862 to July 1, 1862.
" 59, July 1, 1862 to December 31, 1862.
" 60, January 1, 1863 to June 30, 1863.
" 61, July 1, 1863 to January 2, 1864.
" 62, January 2, 1864 to May 30, 1864.
" 63, June 1, 1864 to December 31, 1864.
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" 65, July 1, 1865 to December 29, 1865.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Office of Indian Affairs, Report Books:
No. 8, May 1, 1854 to August 9, 1855.
" 9, August 10, 1855 to December 31, 1856.
" 10, January 1, 1857 to March 31, 1858.
" 11, April 1, 1858 to September 2, 1860.
" 12, September 3, 1860 to December 9, 1862.
" 13, December 12, 1862 to August 19, 1864.
" 14, August 20, 1864 to December 12, 1865.
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WAR OF THE REBELLION. Compilation of the official records of the Union and
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WELLES, GIDEON. Diary (Boston, 1911), 3 vols.
III. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF AUTHORITIES
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ABEL, ANNIE HELOISE. Indians in the Civil War (_American Historical
Review_, vol. xv, 281-296).
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(Kansas Historical Society, _Collections_, vol. viii, 72-109).
---- History of events resulting in Indian consolidation west of the
Mississippi River (American Historical Association, _Report_, 1906).
---- Proposals for an Indian State in the Union, 1778-1878 (American
Historical Association, _Report_, 1907, vol. i, 89-102).
ADAMS, RICHARD C. Brief history of the Delaware Indians (Senate
_Documents_, 59th congress, first session, no. 501).
ALEXANDER, GROSS. History of the Methodist Church South (New York, 1894).
BANCROFT, FREDERIC. Life of William H. Seward (New York, 1900), 2 vols.
BAPTIST HOME MISSIONS in North America, 1832-1882.
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1883.
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BOUDINOT, ELIAS C. Speech delivered before the House Committee on
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BRIGHAM, JOHNSON. James Harlan (Iowa City, Ia., 1913).
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1882).
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BROUGH, CHARLES HILLMAN. Historic battlefields (Arkansas Historical
Society, _Publications_, vol. i, 278-285).
BROWN, GEORGE W. Reminiscences of Governor R. J. Walker, with the true
story of the rescue of Kansas from slavery (Rockford, Ill., 1902).
BRUCE, HENRY. Life of General Houston (New York, 1891).
CALLAHAN, JAMES MORTON. Diplomatic history of the southern confederacy
(Baltimore, 1901).
CHEROKEE INDIANS. Memorial of the delegates of the Cherokee Nation to the
president and congress of the United States (Washington _Chronicle Print_,
1886).
CHESHIRE, JOSEPH BLUNT. Church in the Confederate States (New York, 1912).
CONNELLEY, WILLIAM ELSEY. James Henry Lane (Topeka, 1899).
---- Quantrill and the border wars (Cedar Rapids, 1910).
CORDLEY, RICHARD. History of Lawrence (Lawrence, 1895).
DAVIS, JEFFERSON. Rise and fall of the Confederate government (New York,
1881), 2 vols.
DELAWARE INDIANS. Report on the military service (United States Senate
_Documents_, 61st congress, first session, no. 134).
DRAPER, J. W. History of the American Civil War (New York, 1867-1870), 3
vols.
EVANS, GENERAL CLEMENT A., editor. Confederate military history (Atlanta,
1899), 10 vols.
FITE, EMERSON DAVID. Presidential campaign of 1860 (New York, 1911).
FLEMING, WALTER L. Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama (New York,
1905).
FOULKE, WILLIAM DUDLEY. Life of Oliver P. Morton (Indianapolis, 1899), 8
vols.
GARRISON, W. P. and F. J. GARRISON. William Lloyd Garrison, 1805-1879
(Boston, 1894), 4 vols.
GIHON, JOHN H. Geary and Kansas (Philadelphia, 1866).
GOODLANDER, C. W. Memoirs and recollections of the early days of Fort
Scott (Fort Scott, Kans., 1899).
GREELEY, HORACE. American Conflict (Hartford, 1864-1867), 2 vols.
HALLUM, JOHN. Biographical and pictorial history of Arkansas (Albany,
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HILL, LUTHER B. History of the state of Oklahoma (Chicago, 1908), 8 vols.
HODDER, FRANK HEYWOOD. The Genesis of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (Wisconsin
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HOLST, HERMANN VON. Constitutional and political history of the United
States (Chicago, 1876-1892), 7 vols.
JOHNSON, ALLEN. Stephen A. Douglas (New York, 1908).
JOHNSON, THOMAS CARY. History of the Southern Presbyterian Church (New
York, 1894). American Church History Series, vol. xi.
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x, 210-216).
MARTIN, GEORGE W. First two years of Kansas (Topeka, 1907), pamphlet.
MEIGS, W. M. Life of Thomas Hart Benton (Philadelphia, 1904).
NORTH, THOMAS. Five years in Texas, 1861-1865 (Cincinnati, 1871).
PARKER, THOMAS VALENTINE. Cherokee Indians (New York, 1907).
PAXTON, WILLIAM M. Annals of Platte County, Missouri (Kansas City, Mo.,
1897).
PHILLIPS, ULRICH. Georgia and state rights (Washington, 1902).
---- The life of Robert Toombs (New York, 1913).
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ROSS, D. H. and others. Reply of the delegates of the Cherokee Nation to
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ROSS, MRS. WM. P. Life and times of William P. Ross (Fort Smith, 1893).
SCHOULER, JAMES. History of the United States under the Constitution (New
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SPECK, FRANK G. Creeks of Taskigi Town. American Anthropological
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