Even Maen A stone
Agam Lagam _Corn._ A pool or lake
_or_
Leagam
Ivah Deis-yfu _Br._ To desire
Auor Awyr Lightened air
Ano Yno Then
Achei Achau Brethren or kindred
Aedenei Gwadnau The soles of the feet
Calal Cyllell To wound or pierce
Domen Tomen Muck or dung
Gehel ---- Coal
Sâl Sâl _Br._ Vile or of no account
Kadal Gadael To forsake or desist
Aggan Angeion _Greek_ A vessel or earthen pot
Alaph 'Alpho[=o] To find
Bama Bo[=o]mòs An altar
Hag Agios Holy
Hadar {Cadair _Br._ Honor or reverence
{Katha _Irish_
Hia Y hi _Br._ She
Goph Corph A body, corpse
Deraich {Braich An arm
{Raich
Dad Diden _Br._ The dug or udder
Ager Aggero _Lat._ To heap together
Elah -Illi, illæ They, _masc. & fem._
Angil Axilla The arm pit
Dapsh Daps Cheer or dainties
Hen En! ecce! Lo! behold!
Phar Phér[=o] _Greek_ To bear or carry
Harabon Arrhabon A pawn or pledge
Phalat Phulátt[=o] To keep or defend
Pathah Peíth[=o] To persuade
Gab Gibbus _Lat._ Bent or crooked
Dur Duro To endure
Laish Lis _Greek_ A lion
Deka Dek[=o] To bite
Ephach Ophis A serpent
Dath Deddf _Br._ A law
Denah Dyna This, that, there it is
Hissah {Ys taw Be silent
{Distaw
Cala Claf To be sick
Clei Cleas _Irish_ Jewels, ornaments
Devar Deveirim To speak
Ein Ynys _Br._ Island
Hama {Aman _Armor._
{Ymenyn _Br._ Butter
{Im _Irish_
Ivo Nava His enemy
Beala Mealam To be wasted
Vock {Vacuus _Lat._ Empty
{Gwâc _Br._
Aita Ydyw Is, or are
Bar Bar _Irish_ Son
Bareh Bara _Br._ Meat, or victuals
Beram Verùm _Lat._ But, nevertheless
Beth Bwth _Br._ A house, booth
Se She _Irish_ He, or him
Gaha Iachau _Br._ To heal, or cure
Gad Càd An army
Boten Potten _Br._ The belly
Gever Gwr A man
Hada Ed[=o] _Greek_ To cherish
Boa Bá[=o] To come
Aniah Anía Sadness
Charath Charâtt[=o] To insculp
Maas Misé[=o] I hate
Semain Semaín[=o] I shew
Aaz 'Aix A goat
Aleth Alaeth _Br._ A curse
Elil Ellylly Idol
Allun Llwyn A grove of oaks
Amunath Amynedd Constancy
Ap Wep Face
Itho Iddo With him
Atun Odyn A furnace
Atha Aeth Went, or came
Ische Yssu To burn
Emaeth Ymaith From him
Barach Parch To esteem, or bless
Gobah Coppa The top
Geven Cefn A ridge, or back
Gedad Gwiwdod Excellency
Gaiaph Cau To shut, or inclose
Evil ---- Evil
Beasch ---- Base
To babble, cabal; and
hablar in Spanish, to
Babel ---- speak; Lat. fabula;
Fr. fariboles, idle
talk
Baroth ---- Broth
Gaah ---- Gay
Dum ---- Dumb
Dusch ---- To dash
Hebisch ---- To abash
Hua ---- He, _masc. gend._
Haras ---- To harass
Chittah ---- Wheat
Mesurah ---- A measure
Sahap ---- To sweep
Charath ---- To write
Saar ---- A shower
Aanna ---- To annoy
Phæer ---- Fair
Pheret ---- A part, or portion
Phærek ---- Fierce
Eretz ---- Earth; Sax. hertha
Sad ---- Side
Spor ---- A sparrow
Kinneh ---- A cane
Kera ---- To cry
Shekel ---- Skill
Rechus ---- Riches
Kre ---- A crow
Pasa ---- To pass
Halal ---- A hole
Catat ---- To cut
Ragez ---- To rage
Ragal ---- To rail, or detract
Maguur Magwyr Habitation
Madhevi Myddfai Distempers
Doroth Toreth Generations, encrease
Dal Tal Tall and high
Havah Y fu Was, or has been
Mahalac Malc A pathway, or a balk
Hilo Heulo Shining. _Apollo, Sol._
Tor {Toar _Irish._
{Terfyn _Br._ A boundary, or limit
Siu Syw Resplendent
Achalas Achles Defence, Achilles
{Machno Places of defence of old
Machaneh {_and_ in the co. of Montgomery.
{Mechain Penmachno
Chorau Crau Holes
Choresh Cors _Br._ A place full of small
wood or reeds
Nodah Nodi To make known, or note
Jadha {Addef To know
{'Oída _Greek_
Hathorath Athrawiaeth _Br._ Discipline
Jch Eich Your, or your own
Jared I wared Descended
Cha Chwi You
Jain Gwîn Wine
Toledouth Tylwyth Generations
Lus Llyfu To go away, or avoid
Caolath Colled A loss
Hounil Ynnill Gain
Jester Ystyr Consideration
Jadadh Gwahodd To invite
Cafodoth Cyfoeth Honours, or wealth
Cis Cîst A chest
Bar {Far _Lat._
{Bara _Br._ Bread corn
Shevah ---- Seven
Dakar ---- A dagger
Hinnek ---- To hang
Shelet ---- A shield
Hever ---- Over, or above
Shibbar ---- To shiver, or quake
Jiled ---- [133]A child
Choebel ---- A cable
Parak ---- To break
Gannaf ---- A knave, or a thief
Coll ---- All
Hannah ---- To annoy, or hurt
Eth {Etos _Greek_
{Ætas _Lat._ A year, or age
San Coena A supper
Nabal Nebulo A churl
Mot Motus _Lat._ Motion
Bath Batos _Greek_ A thorn
Eden Edone Pleasure
Kolah Klei[=o] To praise
Sas Ses A moth
Phac Phake Lentil
Skopac Scop[=o] To speculate
Jounec Jevangc _Br._ A suckling
Hamohad Ammod Covenant
Parad Pared A partition
Keren Corn A horn
Kefel Cefail The armpit
Me-Ab Mâb Son, or from a father
Luung Llyngcu To swallow
Temutha Difetha Destruction
Ceremluach Cromlech A sacrificing stone
Hamule Aml Plenty, or store
Mah? Mae? What? where? how?
Magal Maglu To betray
Makel Magl A staff
Meria Mêr Fat, or marrow
Mout Mudo To remove
Meth Methu To die, or fail
Mar Maer A lord
Marad Brad [134]Rebellion
Nafe Nef Joyful
Taphilu Taflu To cast
Hanes Hanes To signify
Nevath Neuadd Habitation
Jissal Isel _or_ Iselu To throw down
Naoaph Nwyf Lust
Nadu Nadu They moan
Sethar Sathru To throw under feet
Heber Aber A ford, or passage
Nucchu Nychu Being smitten
Nuu Nhwy They, or those
Naodhad Nodded To escape
Gadah Gadaw _Br._ To pass by
Niued Niweid To spoil
Goloth Golwyth Burnt offerings
Mohal Moel Top of a hill
Galas Glwys Pleasant
Hasem Asen A rib, or bone
Garevath Gwarth Shame
Taphug Diffyg Want, or defect
Phoreth Ffrwyth Fruit, or effect
Pach Bach A crooked stick
Pinnouth Pennaeth Chief, or uppermost
Phinnah Ffynnu To prosper
Path Peth A part or portion
Philegesh Ffiloges A concubine
Caton Cwttyn Short and little
Cir Caer A walled town
Reith Rhîth Appearance
Tireneh Trîn To feed and look after
Ragah Rhwygo To tear, rag
Rasah Râs _and_ Rhâd Grace, or good will
Semen Saim Fat, or oil
Saraph Sarph A serpent
Sac Sâch A [135]sack
Phuk {Ffûg Disguise
{Fucus _Lat._
Phærek Ferocia Fierceness
Pinnah Pinna Battlement
Pigger Piger fuit Lazy
Naca Neco To slay
Ad Ad Unto
Nut Nuto To nod
Darag Trech[=o] _Greek_ To run to, or come at
Bala Palai Some time ago
Hannak {'Agch[=o] To strangle
{Tagu _Br._
Naar Nearos _Greek_ New or lately
Agab 'Agapa[=o] To love
Pacha Pege _Greek_ A fountain
Parash Phras[=o] To declare, phrase
Kol Kalè[=o] _G._ Galw _B._ To call
Mashal Basileu[=o] _Greek_ To reign
Shareka Syrinx A syringe
Bekarim Pecora _Lat._ Cattle
Ahel Aula A hall
Carpas Carbasus Fine linen, or lawn
Æsh Æstes _La._ Tês _Br._ Heat, or hot weather
Gibar Guberno _Lat._ To govern
Parah Vireo To look green
Ki Quia Wherefore
Olam Olim Of old
Golem Glomus A clew of thread
Amam Ymam Mother, mamma
Coaphar Gwobr Reward
Cala Caula _Lat._ A sheepfold
Sarch Serch _Br._ Lustful
Goliath Glwth A bed
Pathehen Puttain A whore
Burgad Bwrgais A burgess
Terag Drwg Bad, or evil
Dasgar Dysgl A dish
Shiovang Sionge Honorable
Anas Annos To instigate
Tam Dim Nothing
Pherch Y ferch A daughter
Tetuva Edifar Penitent
Leamor Ar lafar Saying
Casas Ceisio To search
Cark Carchar To bind; _Lat._ carcer
Kam Cammu To bend
Caffa Cyff A beam
Cevel Ar gyfyl Near
Dumga Dammeg A simile
Tor Tarw A bull; _Lat._ taurus
_and_
Sor
Turna Teyrn A prince, tyrant
Manos Myddyn A mountain
Malas Melys Sweet
Palac Plygu To fold
Banc Mainc A bench
Malal Malu To grind
Marak Marc A note
Cadif Gwadu To tell a lie
Tohum Eyfn Depth
Colar Coler A neck band, collar
Corontha Coron A crown
Berek Brêg A breach
Bagad Bagad A great many
Arach Arogli To smell
Nagash Yn agos To approach
Ciliah Ceilliau Stones
Gevr Cawr A giant
Kec Cêg A mouth
Kun Cwyno To lament
Natsar Dinystr Destruction, or ruin
Pinnah Pinagl Pinnacle
Mahalal Mawl _or_ Moli To praise
Hedel Hoedl Life
Halal Haul Sun
Gavel Gafael Tenure
Lashadd Glasaidd Blueish
Gerem Grym, grymmus Bony or strong
Masac Cym-myscu To mingle
Gana Canu To sing; Lat. cano
Celimah Calumnia _Lat._ Reproach
Netz Nisus Endeavor
Ptsel Psile[=o] To make bear
Shushan Souson Lilly
Shecan Scene[=o] To dwell in tabernacles
Kalal Gwael _Br._ Vile
Taffi Diffoddi To extinguish
Tselem Delw An image
Hoberi Obry Men over against
Aen-adon Anudon Disclaiming God, or
perjury
Here are about fifty English words, which, from their near resemblance
to the Hebrew, both in sound and signification, must have been borrowed
from the latter in modern ages, or been preserved thro successive
generations from Heber to the present times. But they could not have
been introduced into English in modern ages, for many of them are
found in the other branches of the Gothic, the German, Danish and
Swedish; and it can be proved that they existed in the original Gothic
or northern language. For example, our word _earth_ is found in Hebrew,
and in all the dialects of the Gothic. Hebrew, _ert_ or _ertz_; Welsh,
_d'aira_; Greek, _éra_; Latin, _terra_; Gothic, _airthai_; ancient
German, _erth_ or _herth_; Saxon, _eartho_; Low Dutch, _aerden_;
High Dutch, erden; Swiss, erden; Scotch, airth; Norwegian or Norse,
_iorden_; Danish, _iorden_; Swedish, _iordenne_; Irelandic, _iordu_.
In the pronunciation of these words there is little difference, except
such as is common to the several languages. The ancients aspirated
their words more frequently than the moderns; hence the old Germans
pronounced the word with _h_, as appears by a passage in Tacitus, De
Mor. Germ. 40. "Nec quidquam notabile in singulis, nisi quod in commune
_Herthum_, id est _terram_, matrem colunt."--The modern nations of
the north generally write and pronounce _d_ where we write _th_; as
_erden_; and the _i_ of the Norwegians answers to our _e_ or _y_, so
that _iorden_ is pronounced _yorden_; and it is remarkable that many of
the common English people still pronounce _earth_, _yerth_.
The Hebrew _turna_ is found in the British _teyrn_, signifying a prince
or ruler. This word is the root of the Greek _turannos_, the Latin
_tyrannus_, the British _dyrnas_, a kingdom or jurisdiction, which is
still preserved in the modern Welsh _deyrnas_; and we see the word in
the name of the celebrated British commander, _Vortighern_. Our word
tyrant is derived from it, but it is always used in a bad sense.
In the Hebrew _rechus_ or _rekus_, we have the origin of the English
_rich_, _riches_, and the termination_ rick_ in bishop-_rick_, and
anciently, in king-_rick_; the word originally denoting _landed
property_, in which wealth was supposed to consist, and afterwards
_jurisdiction_. From the same word are derived the Anglo Saxon _ryc_;
the Franco Theotisc, _rihhi_; the Cimbric, _rickie_; the ancient Irish
or Gaedhlig, _riogda_; the Low Dutch, _rijcke_; the Frisic, _rick_; the
German, _reich_; the Swiss, _rijch_; the Danish, _rige_; the Norwegian,
_riga_; the Swedish, _ricke_; the French, _riche_, and the Spanish,
_riccos_, a general name for nobility, or wealthy proprietors of land.
The word _Caer_ seems to have been a very ancient name for a city or
town. We probably see this word in a great number of Welsh names,
_Carmarthen_, _Carnarvon_, _Carlisle_, &c. This word seems also to be
the origin of _Cairo_, in Egypt; _Carthage_ or town of the horse;[136]
the _cirthe_ of the Numidians, and the _Caere_ of the Etruscan.
"Inde Turnus Rutilique, diffisi rebus, ad florentes Etruscorum opes
Mezentiumque eorum regem, confugiunt; qui _Caere_, opulento tum oppido
imperitans--haud gravatim socia arma Rutulis junxit."--Liv. lib. 1. 2.
Here we hear of the word before the foundation of Rome.
But the affinity between the Hebrew and British is much more obvious,
than that between the Hebrew and English. There are about one hundred
and eighty British words in the foregoing table, which are clearly the
same as the Hebrew; and there is no way to account for the fact, but by
supposing them to be all derived from the same primitive tongue.
The resemblance between the Welsh, Latin and English may be observed in
the following.
_Welsh._ _Latin._ _English._
Y'sgol schola school
Y'spelio spolio spoil
Y'sprid spiritus spirit
Y'stad status state
Y'stod stadium _furlong_
The old Britons however might have borrowed these words from the
Romans, during their government of the Island; as the English did many
of theirs at a later period.
The same remark will not apply to the following:
_Welsh._ _Latin._ _Irish._ _English._
Guin vinum fin wine
Guyl vigilæ feil watch
Gur vir fearr man
Guynt ventus wind
Gual vallum wall
_Armoric_.
Gosper vesper feaskor guespor
_Eng._
Guedhar weather
Guerth virtus worth
Guylht wild
In this table, we see the different nations begin the same word with a
different consonant. The ancient Latin _v_ was pronounced as our _w_;
vinum, _winum_; hence the English _wine_. So in the following:
_Latin._ _English._
Via way
Venio, ventum went
Vellus wool
Vespa wasp
Volvo wallow
Volo will[137]
That the Welsh should pronounce _gu_, where we pronounce _w_, may seem
strange; yet such is the fact, and an anatomist will readily assign
the reason. The French, in the same manner, use _g_ where we write and
pronounce _w_.
_English._ _French._
War guerre
Warrant garrant
Ward gard
Wise guise
Wile guile
Wage gage
Wicket guicket
William Guillaum
Wales Gales, Gaul, Gallia[138]
A number at least of the words in the foregoing tables, must have
existed in the several languages from the earliest times; and therefore
must have been derived from the same stock.
In the following words, we trace the common origin of the Greek and
Gothic languages.
_Greek._ _English._
Kardia}
Kear } heart
Ki[=o] hie
Kale[=o] hail, call
Koilas hollow
K[=e]das heed, care
Kerdas hire
Keras horn, herald
Axine ax
Ophrun frown
Pur fire
Platus plate
Xeras fear
Mignu[=o] mingle
Eile[=o] heal, hail
Kair[=o] cheer
Gonu knee
Knix gnat
Z[=e]te[=o] seek
The reader will find no difficulty in believing these words to be from
the same root, when he is told that the Greeks and the northern nations
of Europe pronounced with a strong guttural aspirate; and that _k_
among the Greeks was often a mere aspirate, like _h_. Thus the Romans
often pronounced _c_; for which reason that letter is often omitted,
and _h_ substituted in modern English. _Curro_ and _hurry_ are the
same word; and so are _cornu_ and _horn_; _Carolus_ and _Harold_.
_Greek._ _Latin._ _English._
'Oinos vinum wine
Dama[=o] domo tame
Zeugos jugum yoke
Upper super upper
Gno[=o]} nosco } know
Ginosko} cognosco}
Some old people still pronounce the _k_ in _know_.
In the following, the Welsh differ from the Greek in the prepositives
or initial mutes; but they are clearly from the same root.
_Greek._ _Latin._ _English._
Stoma saman mouth
Ikanos digon sufficient
Ark[=e] d'erke beginning
Air[=o] d'uyrey arise
Platun lhydon broad
Papyrun bruyn rushes
Trek[=o] rhedeg run
Petalon dalen loaf[139]
In the following words, the Welsh are nearer the Greek than the Latin;
yet all came from one stock.
_Greek._ _Welsh._ _Latin._ _English._
Helios heil sol sun
Hypnos hyn, heppian somnus sleep
Halon halen sal salt
Hamolos hamal similis like
Bounos ban mons mountain
Kleas klad. _Cornish_, klas laus praise
Pepto pobo coquo cook
Hyle hely sylva woods
Krios kor aries ram
These words are incontestibly the same, with mere dialectical
variations. All are branches of the same stock, yet neither can claim
the honor of being that stock.
But the most curious etymological analysis ever exhibited perhaps in
any language, is that found in Gebelin's works. Take the following
specimens.
In the primitive language (of Europe) the monosyllable _tar_, _ter_,
_tor_ or _tro_, for it appeared under these forms, signified _force_.
It was composed of _t_ and _ar_ or _d'ar_, _roughness_, _rapidity_.
Hence _tar_ expressed the idea of force, with the collateral ideas of
violence, rigor, grandeur, &c. From _tar_ are derived, _taurus_, a
bull; _torrent_, _target_, _trunk_, _truncare_, to cut off; _terror_,
_trepan_, _tare_, _detriment_, _trancher_, to cut; _retrench_;
_tardus_, _tardy_, _retard_, _tergum_, because things heavy, that
require force, were carried upon the back; _intrigue_, for it implies
difficulties; _trop_, too much, _troop_, _ter_, _trois_, which
originally signified a multitude; for many savage nations have names
only for the three first numbers; _tierce_, _tres_, very; _tresses_,
a braid or plait of hair in three divisions; _triangle_, _tribunal_,
_tribe_, _attribute_, _contribute_, &c. _trident_, _trillion_, _trio_,
_trinity_, _entre_, _enter_, taken from a relation of three objects,
_one_ between _two_, makes a _third_; hence _internal_, _external_,
_travers_, across; _tradition_, passing from one to another; _traffic_,
_trahir_, to draw; _traitor_, _trepidation_, _intrepid_. From _tra_,
between, and _es_, it is, came the Celtic, _treh_, a narrow pass, a
_strait_, _strict_, Fr. _etroit_, _astringent_, _detroit_, strait;
_distress_, _strength_. The compounds are numerous. _Intrinsic_,
_entrails_, _introduce_, _extraneous_, _extravagant_, _transcendent_,
_transfer_, _transform_, _transgress_, _transact_, _translate_,
_transmit_, _transmigrate_, _transmutation_, &c.
_Paltroon_ is from _pollex_, a _thumb_, and _truncare_, to cut off;
for cowards use to cut their thumbs to avoid service.
+TEM+.
_Tem_ signified river, water. Hence _tempero_ in Latin signified to
_plunge into water_. We to this day say to _temper iron or steel_.
_To temper_, is to moderate. From this root come _temperance_,
_temperature_, and a numerous catalogue of other words. The river
Thames derives its name from the same root.
+VA+, _to go_, _radical_.
From _va_, the Celtic root, we find a multitude of branches in Greek,
Latin, English and French. It is an _onomatope_, a word borrowed from
the sound of our feet in walking. Its derivatives are, _wade_, _evade_,
_evasion_, _invade_, _invasion_, _venio_, Lat. and _venir_, Fr. to
come; _venia_ and _venial_,[140] _adventure_, _avenue_, _convenio_,
_convenience_, _convention_, _covenant_ perhaps, _contravene_,
_intervene_, _invent_, _prevent_, _province_,[141] _advance_, _via_,
_way_, _voyage_, _convoy_, _convey_, _obviate_, _vex_, _invective_,
_vein_, a way for the blood; _voiture_, Fr. for a load to carry;
_evitare_, Lat. to shun; _inevitable_.
To these derivatives, I will just add a comparative view of the verbs
_have_ and _be_ in several languages.
+HAVE+.
_English._ _Latin._ _French._ _Germ._ _Spanish._ _Portuguese._
I have habeo ai[142] habe he éy
Thou hast habes as hast as has
He has habet a hat as ha
We have habemus avons haben avemos hamos, avemos
You have habetis avez habet aveis éys, evéys
They have habent ont haben an ham
_The Substantive Verb_ +BE+.
_English._ _Latin._ _French._ _Germ._ _Spanish._ _Portuguese._
I am, be sum suis bin estoy & soy sou, estou
Thou art, beest es es bist estas, eres es, estas
He is, be est est est-es está, es he, esta
We are, be sumus sommes sind estamos, somos somos, estamos
You are, be estis êtes seyd estais, sois soys, estoys
They are, be sunt sont sind estan, son sam, estam
It is indisputable that _have_, in all these languages, is from the
same root. But there seem to have been anciently two substantive verbs,
or perhaps three, from which modern nations have borrowed; viz, the
Greek ~einai~ or ~eimi~, or the Latin _esse_, from which most of the
foregoing are derived; the Teutonic _beon_, whence the Germans have
their _bin_ and _bist_, and the English their _be_ and _beest_; and an
old Gothic or Teutonic word, _weorthan_, whence the Danes have derived
their _voerer_, and the English and Germans their _were_ and _werden_.
In the old English phrase, "woe _worth_ the day," we see the same verb.
Having stated my reasons and authorities for believing all the European
languages descended from one parent tongue, I will here subjoin the
Lord's Prayer in several languages of Celtic and Gothic origin. The
affinity between all the branches of the Gothic is very visible; the
affinity likewise between all the branches of the Celtic is very
obvious, except the ancient Irish. The Cantabrian and Lapland tongues
have little resemblance to either of the stocks or their branches.
+GOTHIC.+
|
|
+------------------------------+------------------------------+
| | |
| | |
1. OLD SAXON, 2. FRANCIC, 3. CIMBRIC,
or ANGLO-SAXON. or FRANCO-THEOTISC. or OLD ICELANDIC.
| | |
| | |
| {1. ENGLISH. +--1. GERMAN, +--1. ICELANDIC.
+--{2. BROAD, | or HIGH DUTCH (proper.) +--2. NORWEGIAN,
| or Lowland SCOTCH. +--2. GERMAN | or NORSE.
| | of SWABIA. +--3. DANISH.
| {3. BELGIC, +--3. SWISS. +--4. SWEDISH.
+--{ or LOW DUTCH (proper.)
| {4. FRISIC,
| { or Friezeland Tongue.
Very little affinity is discoverable between the original Gothic and
Celtic or their derivatives; yet this is not a proof that they were
_ab origine_ distinct languages; for the words in this prayer are few,
and it has been proved that there are many words common to both those
ancient tongues.
+_CELTIC._+
|
+----------------+--------------------+
| |
+------------+-----------+ |
| | |
1. _The Ancient_ 2. _The Ancient_ 3. _The Ancient_
_GAULISH._ _BRITISH._ _IRISH._
| | |
| | |
_No Language fully_ +--1. _WELSH._ +--1. _IRISH._
_derived from this is_ +--2. _AMORICAN,_ +--2. _ERSE, or_
_now extant, unless it_ | _or Bas Bretagne._ | _Highland Scotch._
_be the AMORICAN,_ +--3. _CORNISH._ +--3. _MANKS, or a Language_
_which yet the best_ | _of the Isle of Man._
_authorities derive_
_from the Ancient_
_British, or_
_CYMRAEG._
SPECIMENS _of the_ GOTHIC LANGUAGES.
The ancient _Gothic_ of _Ulphilas_.
Atta unsar thu in himinam. 1. Veihnai namo thein. 2. Quimai
thiudinassus theins. 3. Vairthai vilja theins, sue in himina, jah ana
airthai. 4. Hlaif unsarana thana sinteinan gif uns himmadaga. 5. Jah
aflet uns thatei sculans sijaima sua sue jah veis afletam thaim skulam
unsaraim. 6. Jah ni bringais uns in fraistubnjai. 7. Ak lausei uns af
thamma ubilin. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn's _Oratio Dominica in diversas omnium fere Gentium
Linguas versa, &c._]
_The_ ANCIENT LANGUAGES _derived from the_ GOTHIC.
I.
_Anglo Saxon._
Uren Fader, thic arth in heofnas. 1. Sie gehalgud thin noma. 2. To
cymeth thin ryc. 3. Sie thin willa sue is in heofnas, and in eortho. 4.
Uren hlaf oferwistlic sel us to daeg. 5. And forgefe us scylda urna,
sue we forgefan scyldgum urum. 6. And no inlead usig in custnung. 7. Ah
gefriguiichfrom ftie. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn, p. 56]
II.
_Franco Theotisc._
Fater unser thu thar bist in himile. 1. Si geheilagot thin namo. 2.
Queme thin rihhi. 3. Si thin willo, so her in himile ist o si her in
erdu. 4. Unsar brot tagalihhaz gib uns huitu. 5. Inti furlaz uns nusara
sculdi so uuir furlazames unsaron sculdigon. 6. Inti ni gileitest unsih
in costunga. 7. Uzouh arlosi unsi fon ubile. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn, p. 61.]
III.
_Cimbric_, or old _Icelandic_.
Fader uor, som est i himlum. 1. Halgad warde thit nama. 2. Tilkomme
thitt rikie. 3. Skie thin vilie, so som i himmalam, so och po iordannè.
4. Wort dachlicha brodh gif os i dagh. 5. Ogh forlat os uora skuldar,
so som ogh vi forlate them os skildighe are. 6. Ogh inled os ikkie i
fretalsam. 7. Utan frels os ifra ondo. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn, p. 54]
SPECIMENS _of the_ CELTIC LANGUAGES.
--> I am not able to produce any specimen of the _Celtic_, at least
any version of the Lord's Prayer, which can be opposed in point of
antiquity to the _Gothic _specimen from _Ulphilas_, who flourished A.D.
365.--As the _Celts_ were settled in these countries long before the
_Goths_, and were exposed to various revolutions before their arrival,
their language has, as might be expected, undergone greater and earlier
changes than the _Gothic_; so that no specimen of the old original
_Celtic_ is I believe, now to be found.
_The_ ANCIENT LANGUAGES _derived from the_ CELTIC.
I.
_Anc. Gaulish_.
Of this language I cannot find any specimen which can be depended on.
II.
_Cambrian_, or _Ancient British_.
_Eyen Taad_ _rhuvn wyt yn y neofoedodd._ 1. _Santeiddier_ _yr henvu
tau._ 2. _Devedy dyrnas dau_. 3. _Guneler dy wollys_ _ar ryddayar megis
ag_ _yn y nefi._ 4. _Eyn bara_ _beunyddvul dyro inni_ _heddivu_. 5.
_Ammaddeu_ _ynny eyn deledion_, _megis ag i maddevu in_ _deledvvir
ninaw._ 6. _Agna thowys ni in_ _brofedigaeth_. 7. _Namyn_ _myn gwared
ni rhag_ _drug. Amen_.
[From Chamberl. p. 47.]
III.
_Ancient Irish_, or _Gaedhlig_.
_Our Narme ata_ _ar neamb_. 1. _Beanich_ _a tainin._ 2. _Go_ _diga
de riogda_. 3. _Go denta du hoill air_ _talm in marte ar neamb._ 4.
_Tabair deim_ _aniugh ar naran_ _limbali_. 5. _Augus_ _mai duin ar
fiach_ _amhail maamhia_ _ar fiacha_. 6. _Naleig_ _sin amaribh_. 7.
_Ach_ _saarsa sin o olch_. _Amen_.
[From Dr. Anth. Raymond's Introduction to the History of Ireland, p. 2,
3, &c.][143]
SPECIMENS _of the_ GOTHIC LANGUAGES.
I. MODERN LANGUAGES _derived from the_ OLD SAXON.
I.
_English._
Our Father, which art in heaven. 1. Hallowed be thy name. 2. Thy
kingdom come. 3. Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven. 4. Give
us this day, our daily bread. 5. And forgive us our debts as we forgive
our debtors. 6. And lead us not into temptation. 7. But deliver us from
evil. Amen.
[From the English Testament.]
II.
_Broad Scotch._
Ure Fader, whilk art in hevin. 1. Hallouit be thy naim. 2. Thy kingdum
cum. 3. Thy wull be dun in airth, as it is in hevin. 4. Gie uss this
day ure daily breid. 5. And forgive uss ure debts, ass we forgien ure
debtouris. 6. And leid uss na' into temptation. 7. Bot deliver uss frae
evil. Amen.
[From a Scotch Gentleman.]
III.
_Low Dutch_, or _Belgic_.
Onse Vader, die daer zijt in de hemelen. 1. Uwen naem worde
gheheylight. 2. U rijcke kome. 3. Uwen wille gheschiede op der aerden,
gelijck in den hemel. 4. Onse dagelijck broodt gheest ons heden. 5.
Ende vergheeft ons onse schulden, ghelijck wy oock onse schuldenaren
vergeven. 6. Ende en leyt ons niet in Versoeckinge. 7. Maer verlost ons
vanden boosen. Amen.
[From the New Test. in Dutch.]
IV.
_Frisic_, or _Friezeland Tongue_.
Ws Haita duu deritu biste yne hymil. 1. Dyn name wird heiligt. 2. Dyn
rick tokomme. 3. Dyn wille moet schoen, opt yrtyck as yne hymile. 4.
Ws dielix bræ jov ws jwed. 5. In verjou ws, ws schylden, as vejac ws
schyldnirs. 6. In lied ws nact in versieking. 7. Din fry ws vin it
quæd. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn, p. 68.]
SPECIMENS _of the_ CELTIC LANGUAGES.
II. MODERN LANGUAGES _derived from the_ ANCIENT BRITISH, _or_ CYMRAEG.
I.
_Welsh_, or _Cymraeg_.
_Ein Tâd, yr hwn wyt yn y nefoedd. 1. Sanctieddier dy Enw. 2. Deved dy
deyrnas. 3. Bydaed dy ewyllys ar y ddaiar megis y mae yn y nefoedd. 4.
Dyro i ni heddyw ein bara beunyddiol. 5. A madde ini ein dyledion fel y
maddeuwn ni i'n dyledwyr. 6. Ag nag arwain ni i brofedigaeth. 7. Eithr
gwared ni rhag drwg. Amen._
[Communicated by a Gentleman of Jesus College, Oxon.]
II. _Armoric_, or Language of _Britanny_ in France.
_Hon Tad, pehudij sou en efaou. 1. Da hanou bezet sanctifiet. 2. Devet
aornomp da rouantelaez. 3. Da eol bezet graet en douar, eual maz eon en
euf. 4. Ró dimp hyziou hon bara pemdeziec. 5. Pardon dimp hon pechedou,
eual ma pardonomp da nep pegant ezomp offanczet. 6. Ha na dilaes quet a
hanomp en temptation. 7. Hoguen hon diliur diouz drouc. Amen._
[From Chamberlayn, p. 51.]
III.
_Cornish._
_Ny Taz, ez yn neau. 1. Bonegas yw tha hanaw. 2. Tha gwlakoth doaz.
3. Tha bonagath bogweez en nore pocoragen neau. 4. Roe thenyen dythma
gon dyth bara givians. 5. Ny gan rabn weary cara ny givians mens. 6. O
cabin ledia ny nara idn tentation. 7. Buz dilver ny thart doeg. Amen._
[From Chamberlayn, p. 50.]
SPECIMENS _of the_ GOTHIC LANGUAGES.
II. MODERN LANGUAGES _derived from the_ ANCIENT GERMAN, _or_ FRANCIC,
&c.
I.
_High Dutch_, (proper.)
Unser Vater in dem Himmel. 1. Dein name werde geheiliget. 2. Dein
reich komme. 3. Dein wille geschehe auf erden, wie im himmel. 4. Unser
taeglich brodt gib uns heute. 5. Und vergib uns unsere schulden, wie
wir unsern schuldigern vergeben. 6. Und fuehre uns nicht in Versuchung.
7. Sondern erloese uns von dem vbel. Amen.
[From the common German New Testament, printed at London, 12 mo.]
II.
_High Dutch_ of the _Suevian Dialect_.
Fatter ausar dear du bischt em hemmal. 1. Gehoyleget wearde dain nam.
2. Zuakomme dain reych. 3. Dain will gschea uff earda as em hemmal. 4.
Ausar deglich braud gib as huyt. 5. Und fergiab as ausre schulda, wia
wiar fergeaba ausarn schuldigearn. 6. Und fuar as net ind fersuaching.
7. Sondern erlais as fom ibal. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn's Oratio Dominica, p. 64.]
III.
The _Swiss Language_.
Vatter unser, der du bist in himlen. 1. Geheyligt werd dyn nam. 2.
Rukumm uns dijn rijch. 3. Dyn will geschahe, wie im himmel, also auch
uff erden. 4. Gib uns hut unser taglich brot. 5. Und vergib uns unsere
schulden, wie anch wir vergaben unsern schulderen. 6. Und fuhr uns
nicht in versuchnyss. 7. Sunder erlos uns von dem bosen. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn, p. 65.]
SPECIMENS _of the_ CELTIC LANGUAGES.
III. MODERN LANGUAGES _derived from the_ ANCIENT IRISH.
I.
_Irish_, or _Gaidhlig_.
_Ar nathair atá ar neamh. 1. Naomhthar hainm. 2. Tigeadh do riaghachd.
3. Deuntar do thoil ar an ttalámh, mar do nithear ar neamh. 4. Ar
naràn laéathamhail tabhair dhúinn a niu. 5. Agus maith dhúinn ar
bhfiacha, mar mhaithmidne dar bhféitheamhnuibh fein. 6. Agus na léig
sinn a ccathughadh. 7. Achd sáor sinn o olc. Amen._
[From Bishop Bedel's Irish Bible. Lond. 1690. 8 vo.]
II.
_Erse_, or _Gaidhlig Albannaich_.
_Ar n' Athair ata air neamh. 1. Gu naomhaichear t tinm. 2. Tigeadh do
rioghachd. 3. Deanthar do thoil air an ta amh mar a nithear air neamb.
4. Tabhair dhuinn an diu ar n aran laitheill. 5. Agus maith dhuinn ar
fiacha amhuill mar mhaithmid d'ar luehd-fiach-aibh.[144] 6. Agus na
leig am buaireadh sinn. 7. Ach saor sinn o olc. Amen._
[From the New Testament in the Erse Language.]
III.
_Manks_, or Language of the _Isle of Man_.
_Ayr ain, t'ayns niau. 1. Casherick dy row dt'ennym. 2. Dy jig dty
reeriaught. 3. Dt'aigney dy row jeant er y thalao, myr te ayns niau.
4. Cur d oin nyn arran jiu as gaghlaa. 5. As leih dooin nyn loghtyn,
nyr ta shin leih dauesyn tu jannoo loghtyn nyn' oc. 6. As ny leeid shin
ayns miolagh. 7. Agh livrey shin veih olk. Amen._
[From the Liturgy in Manks, printed at London, 1765. 8 vo.]
SPECIMENS _of the_ GOTHIC LANGUAGES.
III. MODERN LANGUAGES _derived from the_ ANCIENT SCANDINAVIAN, _or_
ICELANDIC, _called (by some writers)_ CIMBRIC, _or_ CIMBRO GOTHIC.
I.
_Icelandic._
Fader vor thu som ert a himnum. 1. Helgest thitt nafn. 2. Tilkome
thitt riike. 3. Verde thinn vilie, so a jordu, sem a himne. 4. Gieff
thu oss i dag vort daglegt braud. 5. Og fiergieff oss vorar skulder,
so sem vier fierergiefum vorum skuldinautum. 6. Og inleid oss ecke i
freistne. 7. Heldr frelsa thu oss fra illu. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn, p. 70.]
II.
_Norwegian_, or _Norse_.
Wor Fader du som est y himmelen. 1. Gehailiget woare dit nafn. 2.
Tilkomma os riga dit. 3. Din wilia geskia paa iorden, som handt er udi
himmelen. 4. Giff oss y tag wort dagliga brouta. 5. Och forlaet os wort
skioldt, som wy forlata wora skioldon. 6. Och lad os icke homma voi
fristelse. 7. Man frals os fra onet. Amen.
[From Chamberlayn, p. 71.]
III.
_Danish._