[Illustration: 463 TOW PREPARING ROOM.]
A, lap machine; B, 4-feet breaker card; C, 3 feet 6 inches ditto; D,
3-feet finisher card, 3 workers; E, cut tow, second drawing, 5 heads; F,
cut tow, first drawing, 4 heads; G, cut tow, reg. roving, 32 spindles;
H, 4-feet breaker card; I, 4-feet finisher ditto; K, long tow, first
drawing, 3 heads; L, long tow, second drawing, 4 heads; M, long tow,
roving 4 spindles.
[Illustration: 464 LINE PREPARING ROOM.]
A, cut line, first drawing; B, cut line, second drawing, 4 heads; C, cut
line, third drawing, 5 heads; D, cut line, reg. roving 32 spindles each;
E, long line, first drawing; F, long line, second drawing, 3 heads each;
G, long line, third drawing, 4 heads each; H, long line, roving 16
spindles.
[Illustration: 465 SPINNING ROOM.]
I. The line preparing room comprehends:--
1. Heckling machines with heckles.
2. Line spreaders, or first drawing slivers.
3. Frames for the second drawing, of 3 heads each.
4. Frames for the third drawing, of 4 heads each.
5. Roving frames of 16 spindles each.
6. Spare fallers for first drawing with gills.
7. Ditto ditto for second and third drawing with ditto.
8. Ditto ditto for roving.
II. The cut flax line preparing room:--
1. Sets of heckling frames (excentric.)
2. Cutting or breaking machine.
3. Line spreaders or drawing ditto.
4. Frames for second drawing, 4 heads each.
5. Ditto third ditto, 5 ditto.
6. Ditto, regulator roving, 32 spindles each.
7. Spare fallers with gills for first drawing.
8. Ditto, ditto for second and third ditto.
9. Ditto, ditto, with gills for roving.
III. Long or uncut flax tow preparation:--
1. Lap machine.
2. Breaker cards, 4 feet diameter.
3. Finisher ditto, ditto.
4. Frames for first drawing, 3 heads each.
5. Ditto for second drawing, 3 heads each.
6. Ditto for roving, 16 spindles each.
7. Spare fallers, with gills for first and second drawing.
8. Ditto, ditto, ditto, for roving.
IV. Cut flax tow preparation:--
1. Lap machine.
2. First breaker cards, 4 feet diameter.
3. Second ditto, ditto, 3 feet 6 inches ditto.
4. Finisher cards with 8 workers.
5. First drawing frames, of 4 heads each.
6. Second ditto, ditto, of 5 ditto.
7. Frames for regulator roving, 32 spindles each frame.
8. Spare fallers with gills for first and second drawing.
9. Ditto, ditto, for roving.
V. Spinning rooms for both lines and tows:--spindles in frames in a
number proportional to the number of the above preparation
machines; and consequently to the quantity and quality of the
flax yarn intended to be spun.
VI. Utensils and tools; such as cards clothing with needle pointed
filleting.
Observations upon the above statement of the series of machinery
requisite in a modern flax mill of the most improved construction:--
The long or uncut flax to be spun into yarns averaging 30 leas per lb.
Each heckling machine will produce about 4-1/2 cwts. per day, which
would be distributed into 200 lbs. of line, and 266-2/3 of tow.
The total with 3 machines would be therefore 600 lbs. of line, and 800
lbs. of tow.
The preceding statement contains three systems of line preparing, each
system being composed of--
1 line spreader, or first drawing;
1st frame of 3 heads; 2d ditto, 2 slivers each;
1 ditto of 4 ditto; 3d ditto, ditto ditto;
2 ditto rovings of 32 spindles, which are capable of supplying about
640 spinning ditto;
1 line spreader being allowed for contingencies.
The above statement contains 3 systems of tow (uncut) preparation, each
system being composed of--
1 breaker card;
2 finisher ditto,
1 frame of first drawing, 3 heads of 4 slivers each;
1 ditto second ditto, 4 ditto, 4 ditto ditto;
2-1/3 ditto rovings or 37 spindles, which are capable of supplying
about 660 spinning ditto;
1 lap machine being sufficient for 2 or 3 systems;
1 extra finisher is deemed desirable.
The statement contains 2 systems of heckling machines for cut flax, a
system consisting of either 8 or 10 machines; for the coarser work, 8
machines in succession finer and finer, are sufficient; but for the
finest 10 or 12 are required. Each system will produce between 2 and 300
lbs. per diem, of raw flax, heckled, divided on the average into 170
lbs. line, 280 lbs. tow, which will about equal the supply of the 5th
system contained in the statement, each consisting of--
1 line spreader or 1st drawing;
1 frame 2d drawing; 4 heads 4 slivers each;
1 ditto 3d ditto, 5 ditto 4 ditto ditto;
1 ditto roving 32 spindles;
and are capable of supplying about 480 ditto, of spinning.
The statement contains 2 systems of tow (cut flax) preparings, each
system being composed of--
2 second breaker card;
4 finishers ditto;
4 frames 1st drawing, 4 heads each 4 slivers;
4 ditto 2d ditto, 5 ditto ditto, 4 ditto;
4 regulator rovings 128 spindles,
and are capable to supply about 1800 spinning ditto.
1 first-breaker card and lap frame are sufficient to 2 or 3 systems.