_pondside_."--_Goldsmith cor._ (See OBS. 33d on Rule 4th.) "If either _has_
a sufficient degree of merit to recommend _it_ to the attention of the
public."--_J. Walker cor._ "Now W. _Mitchell's_ deceit is very
remarkable."--_Barclay cor._ "My brother, I did not put the question to
thee, for that I doubted of the truth of _thy_ belief."--_Bunyan cor._ "I
had two elder brothers, one of _whom_ was a lieutenant-colonel."--_De Foe
cor._ "Though James is here the object of the action, yet _the word James_
is in the nominative case."--_Wright cor._ "Here John is the actor; and
_the word John_ is known to be _in_ the nominative, by its answering to the
question, '_Who_ struck Richard?'"--_Id._ "One of the most distinguished
privileges _that_ Providence has conferred upon mankind, is the power of
communicating their thoughts to one _an other_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "With
some of the most refined feelings _that_ belong to our frame."--_Id._ "And
the same instructions _that_ assist others in composing _works of
elegance_, will assist them in judging of, and relishing, the beauties of
composition."--_Id._ "To overthrow all _that_ had been yielded in favour of
the army."--_Macaulay cor._ "Let your faith stand in the Lord God, who
changes not, _who_ created all, and _who_ gives the increase of
all."--_Friends cor._ "For it is, in truth, the sentiment of passion which
lies under the figured expression, that gives it _all its_ merit."--_Dr.
Blair cor._ "Verbs are words _that_ affirm the being, doing, or suffering
of a thing, together with the time _at which_ it happens."--_A. Murray
cor._ "The _bias_ will always hang on that side _on which_ nature first
placed it."--_Locke cor._ "They should be brought to do the things _which_
are fit for them."--_Id._ "_The_ various sources _from which_ the English
language is derived."--_L. Murray cor._ "This attention to the several
cases _in which_ it is proper to omit _or_ to redouble the copulative, is
of considerable importance."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Cicero, for instance,
speaking of the cases _in which it_ is lawful _to kill an other in
self-defence_, uses the following words."--_Id._ "But there is no nation,
hardly _are there_ any _persons_, so phlegmatic as not to accompany their
words with some actions, _or_ gesticulations, _whenever_ they are much in
earnest."--_Id._ "_William's_ is said to be governed by _coat_, because
_coat_ follows _William's_" Or better:--"because _coat_ is the name of the
thing possessed by William."--_R. C. Smith cor._ "In life, there are many
_occasions on which_ silence and simplicity are _marks of_ true
wisdom."--_L. Murray cor._ "In choosing umpires _whose_ avarice is
excited."--_Nixon cor._ "The boroughs sent representatives, _according to
law_."--_Id._ "No man believes but _that_ there is some order in the
universe."--_G. B._ "The moon is orderly in her changes, _and_ she could
not be _so_ by accident."--_Id._ "_The riddles of the Sphynx_ (or, The
_Sphynx's_ riddles) are generally _of_ two kinds."--_Bacon cor._ "They must
generally find either their friends or _their_ enemies in power."--_Dr.
Brown cor._ "For, of old, _very many_ took upon them to write what happened
in their own time."--_Whiston cor._ "The Almighty cut off the family of Eli
the high priest, for _their_ transgressions."--_The Friend_, vii, 109. "The
convention then resolved _itself_ into a committee of the whole."--_Inst._,
p. 269. "The severity with which _persons of_ this denomination _were_
treated, appeared rather to invite _them to the colony_, than to deter them
from flocking _thither_."--_H. Adams cor._ "Many Christians abuse the
Scriptures and the traditions of the apostles, to uphold things quite
contrary to _them_."--_Barclay cor._ "Thus, a circle, a square, a triangle,
or a hexagon, _pleases_ the eye by _its_ regularity, _and is a_ beautiful
_figure_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Elba is remarkable for being the place to
which Bonaparte was banished in 1814."--_Olney's Geog_. "The editor has the
reputation of being a good linguist and critic."--_Rel. Herald_. "It is a
pride _which_ should be cherished in them."--_Locke cor._ "And to restore
_to_ us the _hope_ of fruits, to reward our pains in _their_
season."--_Id._ "The comic representation of Death's victim relating _his_
own tale."--_Wright cor._ "As for _Scioppius's_ Grammar, that wholly
_concerns_ the Latin tongue."--_Wilkins cor._
"And chiefly _Thou_, O Spirit, _that_ dost prefer
Before all temples _th'_ upright heart and pure,
Instruct me, for Thou _knowst_."--_Milton, P. L._, B. i, l. 17.
LESSON V.--VERBS.
"And there _were_ in the same country shepherds abiding in the
field."--_Friends' Bible_; also _Bruce's, and Alger's_. "Whereof every one
_bears_ [or _beareth_] twins."--BIBLE COR.: _Song_, vi, 6. "He strikes out
of his nature one of the most divine principles that _are_ planted in
it."--_Addison cor._ "GENII [i.e., the _word_ GENII] _denotes aërial_
spirits."--_Wright cor._ "In proportion as the long and large prevalence of
such corruptions _has_ been obtained by force."--_Halifax cor._ "Neither
of these _is set before any_ word of a general signification, or _before a_
proper name."--_Brightland cor._ "Of which, a few of the opening lines
_are_ all I shall give."--_Moore cor._ "The _wealth_ we had in England, was
the slow result of long industry and wisdom." Or: "The _riches_ we had in
England _were_," &c.--_Davenant cor._ "The following expression appears to
be correct: 'Much _public gratitude_ is due.'" Or this: "'_Great public_
thanks _are_ due.'"--_-Wright cor._ "He _has_ been enabled to correct many
mistakes."--_Lowth cor._ "Which road _dost_ thou take here?"--_Ingersoll
cor._ "_Dost_ thou _learn_ thy lesson?"--_Id._ "_Did_ they _learn_ their
pieces perfectly?"--_Id._ "Thou _learned_ thy task well."--_Id._ "There are
some _who_ can't relish the town, and others can't _bear_ with the
country."--_Sir Wilful cor._ "If thou _meet_ them, thou must put on an
intrepid mien."--_Neef cor._ "Struck with terror, as if Philip _were_
something more than human."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "If the personification of
the form of Satan _were_ admissible, _the pronoun_ should certainly have
been masculine."--_Jamieson cor._ "If only one _follows_, there seems to be
a defect in the sentence."--_Priestley cor._ "Sir, if thou _hast_ borne him
hence, tell me where thou hast laid him."--_Bible cor._ "Blessed _are_ the
people that know the joyful sound."--_Id._ "Every auditory _takes_ in good
part those marks of respect and awe _with which a modest speaker commences
a public discourse_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Private causes were still pleaded
in the forum; but the public _were_ no longer interested, nor _was_ any
general attention drawn to what passed there."--_Id._ "Nay, what evidence
can be brought to show, that the _inflections_ of the _classic_ tongues
were not originally formed out of obsolete auxiliary words?"--_L. Murray
cor._ "If the student _observe_ that the principal and the auxiliary _form
but_ one verb, he will have little or no difficulty in the proper
application of the present rule."--_Id._ "For the sword of the enemy, and
fear, _are_ on every side."--_Bible cor._ "Even the Stoics agree that
nature, _or_ certainty, is very hard to come at."--_Collier cor._ "His
politeness, _his_ obliging behaviour, _was_ changed." Or thus: "His
_polite_ and obliging behaviour was changed."--_Priestley and Hume cor._
"War and its honours _were_ their employment and ambition." Or thus: "War
_was_ their employment; its honours _were their_ ambition."--_Goldsmith
cor._ "_Do_ A and AN mean the same thing?"--_R. W. Green cor._ "When
_several_ words _come_ in between the discordant parts, the ear does not
detect the error."--_Cobbett cor._ "The sentence should be, 'When _several_
words _come_ in,' &c."--_Wright cor._ "The nature of our language, the
accent and pronunciation of it, _incline_ us to contract even all our
regular verbs."--_Churchill's New Gram._, p. 104. Or thus: "The nature of
our language,--(_that is_, the accent and pronunciation of it,--) inclines
us to contract even all our regular verbs."--_Lowth cor._ "The nature of
our language, together with the accent and pronunciation of it, _inclines_
us to contract even all our regular verbs."--_Hiley cor._ "Prompt aid, and
not promises, _is_ what we ought to give."--_G. B._ "The position of the
several organs, therefore, as well as their functions, _is_
ascertained."--_Med. Mag. cor._ "Every private company, and almost every
public assembly, _affords_ opportunities of remarking the difference
between a just and graceful, and a faulty and unnatural
elocution."--_Enfield cor._ "Such submission, together with the active
principle of obedience, _makes_ up _in us_ the temper _or_ character which
answers to his sovereignty."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "In happiness, as in other
things, there _are_ a false and a true, an imaginary and a real."--_A.
Fuller cor._ "To confound things that differ, and to make a distinction
where there is no difference, _are_ equally unphilosophical."--_G. Brown_.
"I know a bank wheron _doth_ wild thyme _blow_,
Where oxlips and the nodding violet _grow_."--_Shak. cor._
LESSON VI.--VERBS.
"Whose business or profession _prevents_ their attendance in the
morning."--_Ogilby cor._ "And no church or officer _has_ power over _an
other_."--_Lechford cor._ "While neither reason nor experience _is_
sufficiently matured to protect them."--_Woodbridge cor._ "Among the Greeks
and Romans, _almost_ every syllable was known to have a fixed and
determined quantity." Or thus: "Among the Greeks and Romans, _all
syllables_, (or at least the far _greater_ number,) _were_ known to have
_severally_ a fixed and determined quantity."--_Blair and Jamieson cor._
"Their vanity is awakened, and their passions _are_ exalted, by the
irritation which their self-love receives from contradiction."--_Tr. of
Mad. De Staël cor._ "_He and I were_ neither of us any great
swimmer."--_Anon_. "Virtue, honour--nay, even self-interest, _recommends_
the measure."--_L. Murray cor._ (See Obs. 5th on Rule 16th.) "A correct
plainness, _an_ elegant simplicity, is the proper character of an
introduction."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "In syntax, there is what grammarians call
concord or agreement, and _there is_ government."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._
"People find themselves able, without much study, to write and speak
English intelligibly, and thus _are_ led to think _that_ rules _are_ of no
utility."--_Webster cor._ "But the writer must be one who has studied to
inform himself well, _who_ has pondered his subject with care, and who
addresses himself to our _judgement_, rather than to our
imagination."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "But practice _has_ determined it
otherwise; and has, in all the languages with which we are much acquainted,
supplied the place of an interrogative _mood_, either by particles of
interrogation, or by a peculiar order of the words in the
sentence."--_Lowth cor._ "If the Lord _hath_ stirred thee up against me,
let him accept an offering."--_Bible cor._ "But if the priest's daughter be
a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and _she return_ unto her father's
house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat."--_Id._ "Since
we never have _studied, and never_ shall study, your sublime
productions."--_Neef cor._ "Enabling us to form _distincter_ images of
objects, than can be _formed_, with the utmost attention, where these
particulars are not found."--_Kames cor._ "I hope you will consider _that_
what is _spoken_ comes from my love."--_Shak. cor._ "We _shall_ then
perceive how the designs of emphasis may be marred."--_Rush cor._ "I knew
it was Crab, and _went_ to the fellow that whips the dogs."--_Shak. cor._
"The youth _was consuming_ by a slow malady."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 64;
_Ingersoll's_, 45; _Fisk_, 82. "If all men thought, spoke, and wrote alike,
something resembling a perfect adjustment of these points _might_ be
accomplished."--_Wright cor._ "If you will replace what has been, _for a_
long _time_ expunged from the language." Or: "If you will replace what
_was_ long _ago_ expunged from the language."--_Campbell and Murray cor._
"As in all those faulty instances _which_ I have _just_ been giving."--_Dr.
Blair cor._ "This mood _is_ also used _improperly_ in the following
places."--_L. Murray cor._ "He seems to have been well acquainted with his
own genius, and to _have known_ what it was that nature had bestowed upon
him."--_Johnson cor._ "Of which I _have_ already _given_ one instance, the
worst indeed that occurred in the poem."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "It is strange
he never commanded you to _do_ it."--_Anon_. "History painters would have
found it difficult, to _invent_ such a species of beings."--_Addison cor._
"Universal Grammar cannot be taught abstractedly; it must be _explained_
with referenc [sic--KTH] to some language already known."--_Lowth cor._
"And we might imagine, that if verbs had been so contrived as simply to
express these, _no other tenses would have been_ needful."--_Dr. Blair
cor._ "To a writer of such a genius as _Dean Swift's_, the plain style _is_
most admirably fitted."--_Id._ "Please _to_ excuse my son's
absence."--_Inst._, p. 279. "Bid the boys come in immediately."--_Ib._
"Gives us the secrets of his pagan hell,
Where _restless ghosts_ in sad communion dwell."--_Crabbe cor._
"Alas! nor faith nor valour now _remains_;
Sighs are but wind, and I must bear my _chains_."--_Walpole cor._
LESSON VII.--PARTICIPLES.
"Of which the author considers himself, in compiling the present work, as
merely laying the foundation-stone."--_David Blair cor._ "On the raising
_of_ such lively and distinct images as are here described."--_Kames cor._
"They are necessary to the avoiding _of_ ambiguities."--_Brightland cor._
"There is no neglecting _of_ it without falling into a dangerous error." Or
better: "_None can neglect_ it without falling," &c.--_Burlamaqui cor._
"The contest resembles Don Quixote's fighting _of_ (or _with_)
windmills."--_Webster cor._ "That these verbs associate with _other_ verbs
in all the tenses, is no proof _that they have_ no particular time of their
own."--_L. Murray cor._ "To justify _myself in_ not following the _track_
of the ancient rhetoricians."--_Dr. H. Blair cor._ "The _putting-together
of_ letters, so as to make words, is called Spelling."--_Inf. S. Gram.
cor._ "What is the _putting-together of_ vowels and consonants
called?"--_Id._ "Nobody knows of their _charitableness_, but themselves."
Or: "Nobody knows _that they are_ charitable, but themselves."--_Fuller
cor._ "Payment was at length made, but no reason _was_ assigned for so long
_a postponement of it_."--_Murray et al. cor._ "Which will bear _to be_
brought into comparison with any composition of the kind."--_Dr. Blair
cor._ "To render vice ridiculous, is _to do_ real service to the
world."--_Id._ "It is _a direct_ copying from nature, a plain rehearsal of
what passed, or was supposed to pass, in conversation."--_Id._ "Propriety
of pronunciation _consists in_ giving to every word that sound which the
most polite usage of the language appropriates to it."--_Murray's Key_,
8vo, p. 200; and again, p. 219. "To occupy the mind, and prevent _us from_
regretting the insipidity of _a_ uniform plain."--_Kames cor._ "There are a
hundred ways _in which_ any thing _may happen_."--_Steele cor._ "Tell me,
_seignior, for_ what cause (or _why) Antonio sent_ Claudio to Venice
yesterday."--_Bucke cor._ "As _you are_ looking about for an outlet, some
rich prospect unexpectedly opens to view."--_Kames cor._ "A hundred volumes
of modern novels may be read without _communicating_ a new idea." Or thus:
"_A person may read_ a hundred volumes of modern novels without acquiring a
new idea."--_Webster cor._ "Poetry admits of greater latitude than prose,
with respect to _the_ coining, or at least _the_ new compounding, _of_
words."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "When laws were _written_ on brazen tablets, _and
enforced_ by the sword."--_Pope cor._ "A pronoun, which saves the naming
_of_ a person or thing a second time, ought to be placed as near as
possible to the name of that person or thing."--_Kames cor._ "The using
_of_ a preposition in this case, is not always a matter of choice."--_Id._
"To save _the_ multiplying _of_ words, I would be understood to comprehend
both circumstances."--_Id._ "Immoderate grief is mute: _complaint_ is _a
struggle_ for consolation."--_Id._ "On the other hand, the accelerating or
_the_ retarding _of_ the natural course, excites a pain."--_Id._ "Human
affairs require the distributing _of_ our attention."--_Id._ "By neglecting
this circumstance, _the author of_ the following example _has made it_
defective in neatness."--_Id._ "And therefore the suppressing _of_
copulatives must animate a description."--_Id._ "If the _omission of_
copulatives _gives_ force and liveliness, a redundancy of them must render
the period languid."--_Id._ "It skills not, _to ask_ my leave, said
Richard."--_Scott cor._ "To redeem his credit, he proposed _to be_ sent
once more to Sparta."--_Goldsmith cor._ "Dumas relates _that he gave_ drink
to a dog."--_Stone cor._ "Both are, in a like way, instruments of our
_reception of_ such ideas from external objects."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "In
order to your proper handling _of_ such a subject."--_Spect. cor._ "For I
do not recollect _it_ preceded by an open vowel."--_Knight cor._ "Such is
_the setting up of_ the form above the power of godliness."--_Barclay cor._
"I remember _that I was_ walking once with my young acquaintance."--_Hunt
cor._ "He did not like _to pay_ a debt."--_Id._ "I do not remember _to have
seen_ Coleridge when I was a child."--_Id._ "In consequence of the dry _rot
discovered in it_, the mansion has undergone a thorough repair."--_Maunder
cor._ "I would not advise the following _of_ the German system _in all its
parts_."--_Lieber cor._ "Would it not be _to make_ the students judges of
the professors?"--_Id._ "Little time should intervene between _the
proposing of them_ and _the deciding_ upon _them_."--_Verthake [sic--KTH]
cor._ "It would be nothing less than _to find_ fault with the
Creator."--_Lit. Journal cor._ "_That we were once friends_, is a powerful
reason, both of prudence and _of_ conscience, to restrain us from ever
becoming enemies."--_Secker cor._ "By using the word as a conjunction, _we
prevent_ the ambiguity."--_L. Murray cor._
"He forms his schemes the flood of vice to stem,
But _faith in Jesus has no part in_ them."--_J Taylor cor._
LESSON VIII.--ADVERBS.
"Auxiliaries _not only can_ be inserted, but are really
understood."--_Wright cor._ "He was _afterwards_ a hired scribbler in the
Daily Courant."--_Pope's Annotator cor._ "In gardening, luckily, relative
beauty _never need stand_ (or, perhaps better, _never needs to stand_) in
opposition to intrinsic beauty."--_Kames cor._ "I _much_ doubt the
propriety of the following examples."--_Lowth cor._ "And [we see] how far
they have spread, in this part of the world, one of the worst languages
_possible_"--_Locke cor._ "And, in this manner, _merely to place_ him on a
level with the beast of the forest."--_R. C. Smith cor._ "_Whither_, ah!
_whither_, has my darling fled."--_Anon_. "As for this fellow, we know not
whence he is."--_Bible cor._ "Ye see then, that by works a man is
justified, and not by faith only."--_Id._ "The _Mixed_ kind is _that in
which_ the poet sometimes speaks in his own person, and sometimes makes
other characters speak."--_Adam and Gould cor._ "Interrogation is _a
rhetorical figure in which_ the writer or orator raises questions, and, _if
he pleases_, returns answers."--_Fisher cor._ "Prevention is _a figure in
which_ an author starts an objection which he foresees may be made, and
gives an answer to it."--_Id._ "Will you let me alone, or _not_?"--_W.
Walker cor._ "Neither man nor woman _can_ resist an engaging exterior."--
_Chesterfield cor._ "Though the cup be _everso_ clean."--_Locke cor._
"Seldom, or _never_, did any one rise to eminence, by being a witty
lawyer." Or thus: "Seldom, _if ever, has_ any one _risen_ to eminence, by
being a witty lawyer."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The second rule which I give,
respects the choice of _the_ objects from _which_ metaphors, and other
figures, are to be drawn."--_Id._ "In the figures which it uses, it sets
mirrors before us, _in which_ we may behold objects _reflected_ in their
likeness."--_Id._ "Whose business _it_ is, to seek the true measures of
right and wrong, and not the arts _by which he may_ avoid doing the one,
and secure himself in doing the other."--_Locke cor._ "The occasions _on
which_ you ought to personify things, and _those on which_ you ought not,
cannot be stated in any precise rule."--_Cobbett cor._ "They reflect that
they have been much diverted, but _scarcely_ can _they_ say about
what."--_Kames cor._ "The eyebrows and shoulders should seldom or _never_
be remarked by any perceptible motion."--_J. Q. Adams cor._ "And the left
hand or arm should seldom or never attempt any motion by itself."--_Id.,
right_. "_Not_ every speaker _purposes_ to please the imagination."--
_Jamieson cor._ "And, like Gallio, they care for none of these things." Or:
"And, like Gallio, they care _little_ for _any_ of these things."--_S.
cor._ "They may inadvertently be _used_ where _their_ meaning would be
obscure."--_L. Murray cor._ "Nor _can_ a man make him laugh."--_Shak. cor._
"The Athenians, in their present distress, _scarcely_ knew _whither_ to
turn."--_Goldsmith cor._ "I do not remember where God _ever_ delivered his
oracles by the multitude."--_Locke cor._ "The object of this government is
twofold, _outward_ and _inward_."--_Barclay cor._ "In order _rightly_ to
understand what we read"--_R. Johnson cor._ "That a design had been formed,
to _kidnap_ or _forcibly abduct_ Morgan."--_Col. Stone cor._ "But such
imposture can never _long_ maintain its ground."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "But
_surely_ it is _as_ possible to apply the principles of reason and good
sense to this art, as to any other that is cultivated among men."--_Id._
"It would have been better for you, to have remained illiterate, and _even_
to have been hewers of wood."--_L. Murray cor._ "Dissyllables that have two
vowels which are separated in the pronunciation, _always_ have the accent
on the _first_ syllable."--_Id._ "And they all turned their backs, _almost_
without drawing a sword." Or: "And they all turned their backs, _scarcely
venturing to draw_ a sword."--_Kames cor._ "The principle of duty
_naturally_ takes _precedence_ of every other."--_Id. "Not_ all that
glitters, is gold."--_Maunder cor._ "Whether now, or _everso_ many myriads
of ages hence."--_Edwards cor._
"England never did, nor _ever_ shall,
Lie at the proud foot of a conqueror."--_Shak. cor._
LESSON IX.--CONJUNCTIONS.
"He readily comprehends the rules of syntax, their use in _the constructing
of sentences_, and _their_ applicability _to_ the examples before
him."--_Greenleaf cor._ "The works of Æschylus have suffered more by time,
than _those of_ any _other_ ancient _tragedian_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "There
is much more story, more bustle, and _more_ action, than on the French
theatre."--_Id._ (See Obs. 8th on Rule 16th.) "Such an unremitted anxiety,
_or such a_ perpetual application, as engrosses _all_ our time and
thoughts, _is_ forbidden."--_Jenyns cor._ "It seems to be nothing else
_than_ the simple form of the adjective."--_Wright cor._ "But when I talk
of _reasoning_, I do not intend any other _than_ such as is suited to the
child's capacity."--_Locke cor._ "Pronouns have no other use in language,
_than_ to represent nouns."--_Jamieson cor._ "The speculative relied no
farther on their own judgement, _than_ to choose a leader, whom they
implicitly followed."--_Kames cor._ "Unaccommodated man is no more _than_
such a poor, bare, forked animal as thou art."--_Shak. cor._ "A Parenthesis
is a _suggestion which is_ introduced into the body of a sentence
obliquely, _and which_ may be omitted without injuring the grammatical
construction."--_Mur. et al. cor. "The_ Caret (marked thus ^) is placed
where _something that happened_ to be left out, _is to be put into_ the
line."--_Iid. "When_ I visit them, they shall be cast down."--_Bible cor._
"Neither our virtues _nor our_ vices are all our own."--_Johnson and
Sanborn cor._ "I could not give him _so early_ an answer as he had
desired."--_O. B. Peirce cor._ "He is not _so_ tall as his
brother."--_Nixon cor._ "It is difficult to judge _whether_ Lord Byron is
serious or not."--_Lady Blessington cor._ "Some nouns are of _both_ the
second and _the_ third declension."--_Gould cor._ "He was discouraged
neither by danger _nor by_ misfortune."--_Wells cor._ "This is consistent
neither with logic nor _with_ history."--_Dial cor._ "Parts of sentences
are _either_ simple _or_ compound."--_David Blair cor._ "English verse is
regulated rather by the number of syllables, than _by_ feet:" or,--"than by
the number of feet."--_Id._ "I know not what more he can do, _than_ pray
for him."--_Locke cor._ "Whilst they are learning, and _are applying_
themselves with attention, they are to be kept in good humour."--_Id._ "A
man cannot have too much of it, nor _have it_ too perfectly."--_Id._ "That
you may so run, as _to_ obtain; and so fight, as _to_ overcome." Or thus:
"That you may so run, _that_ you may obtain; and so fight, _that_ you may
overcome."--_Penn cor._ "It is the _artifice_ of some, to contrive false
periods of business, _that_ they may seem men of despatch."--_Bacon cor._
"'A tall man and a woman.' In this _phrase_, there is no ellipsis; the
adjective _belongs only to the former noun_; the quality _respects_ only
the man."--_Ash cor._ "An abandonment of the policy is neither to be
expected _nor to be_ desired."--_Jackson cor._ "Which can be acquired by no
other means _than by_ frequent exercise in speaking."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"The chief _or_ fundamental rules of syntax are common to the English _and_
the Latin tongue." Or:--"are _applicable_ to the English as well as _to_
the Latin tongue."--_Id._ "Then I exclaim, _either_ that my antagonist is
void of all taste, or that his taste is corrupted in a miserable degree."
Or thus: "Then I exclaim, that my antagonist is _either_ void of all taste,
or _has a taste that is miserably_ corrupted."--_Id._ "I cannot pity any
one who is under no distress _either_ of body _or_ of mind."--_Kames cor._
"There was much genius in the world, before there were learning _and_ arts
to refine it."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Such a writer can have little else to do,
_than_ to _new-model_ the paradoxes of ancient scepticism."--_Dr. Brown
cor._ "Our ideas of them being nothing else _than collections_ of the
ordinary qualities observed in them."--_Duncan cor._ "A _non-ens_, or
negative, can give _neither_ pleasure nor pain."--_Kames cor._ "So _that_
they shall not justle and embarrass one an other."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "He
firmly refused to make use of any other voice _than_ his own."--_Murray's
Sequel_, p. 113. "Your marching regiments, sir, will not make the guards
their example, either as soldiers or _as_ subjects."--_Junius cor._
"Consequently they had neither meaning _nor_ beauty, to any but the natives
of each country."--_Sheridan cor._
"The man of worth, _who_ has not left his peer,
Is in his narrow house forever darkly laid."--_Burns cor._
LESSON X.--PREPOSITIONS.
"These may be carried on progressively _beyond_ any assignable
limits."--_Kames cor._ "To crowd different subjects _into_ a single member
of a period, is still worse than to crowd them into one period."--_Id._
"Nor do we rigidly insist _on having_ melodious prose."--_Id._ "The
aversion we have _to_ those who differ from us."--_Id._ "For we cannot bear
his shifting _of_ the scene _at_ every line."--_Halifax cor._ "We shall
find that we come by it _in_ the same way."--_Locke cor._ "_Against_ this
he has no better _defence_ than that."--_Barnes cor._ "Searching the person
whom he suspects _of_ having stolen his casket."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Who, as
vacancies occur, are elected _by_ the whole Board."--_Lit. Jour. cor._
"Almost the only field of ambition _for_ a German, is science."--_Lieber
cor._ "The plan of education is very different _from_ the one pursued in
the sister country."--_Coley cor._ "Some writers on grammar have contended,
that adjectives _sometimes_ relate to _verbs_, and modify _their_
action."--_Wilcox cor._ "They are therefore of a mixed nature,
participating the properties both of pronouns and _of_ adjectives."--
_Ingersoll cor._ "For there is no authority which can justify the inserting
_of_ the aspirate or _the_ doubling _of_ the vowel."--_Knight cor._ "The
distinction and arrangement _of_ active, passive, and neuter verbs."--
_Wright cor._ "And see thou a hostile world spread its delusive
snares."--_Kirkham cor._ "He may be precautioned, and be made _to_ see how
those _join_ in the contempt."--_Locke cor._ "The contenting _of_
themselves in the _present_ want of what they wished for, is a _virtue_."--
_Id._ "If the complaint be _about_ something really worthy _of_ your
notice."--_Id._ "True fortitude I take to be the quiet possession of a
man's self, and an undisturbed doing _of_ his duty."--_Id._ "For the custom
of tormenting and killing beasts, will, by degrees, harden their minds even
towards men."--_Id._ "Children are whipped to it, and made _to_ spend many
hours of their precious time uneasily _at_ Latin."--_Id. "On_ this subject,
[the Harmony of Periods,] the ancient rhetoricians have entered into a very
minute and particular detail; more particular, indeed, than _on_ any other
_head_ that regards language."--See _Blair's Rhet._, p. 122. "But the one
should not be omitted, _and the other retained_." Or: "But the one should
not be _used without_ the other."--_Bullions cor. "From_ some common forms
of speech, the relative pronoun is usually omitted."--_Murray and Weld
cor._ "There are _very many_ causes which disqualify a witness _for_ being
received to testify in particular cases."--_Adams cor._ "Aside _from_ all
regard to interest, we should expect that," &c.--_Webster cor._ "My opinion
was given _after_ a rather cursory perusal of the book."--_L. Murray cor._
"And, [_on_] the next day, he was put on board _of_ his ship." Or thus:
"And, the next day, he was put _aboard_ his ship."--_Id._ "Having the
command of no emotions, but what are raised by sight."--_Kames cor._ "Did
these moral attributes exist in some other being _besides_ himself."
Or:--"in some other being _than_ himself."--_Wayland cor._ "He did not
behave in that manner _from_ pride, or [_from_] contempt of the
tribunal."--_Murray's Sequel_, p. 113. "These prosecutions _against_
William seem to have been the most iniquitous measures pursued by the
court."--_Murray and Priestley cor._ "To restore myself _to_ the good
graces of my fair critics."--_Dryden cor._ "Objects denominated beautiful,
please not _by_ virtue of any one quality common to them all."--_Dr. Blair
cor._ "This would have been less worthy _of_ notice, had not a writer or
two of high rank lately adopted it."--_Churchill cor._
"A Grecian youth, _of_ talents rare,
Whom Plato's philosophic care," &c.--WHITEHEAD: E. R., p. 196.
LESSON XI.--PROMISCUOUS.
"To excel _has_ become a much less considerable object."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"My robe, and my integrity to _Heav'n_, are all I dare now call _my_
own."--_Enfield's Speaker_, p. 347. "_For_ thou the garland _wearst_
successively."--_Shak. cor._; also _Enfield_. "If _then_ thou _art_ a
_Roman_, take it forth."--_Id._ "If thou _prove_ this to be real, thou must
be a smart lad indeed."--_Neef cor._ "And _an other_ bridge of four hundred
_feet_ in length."--_Brightland cor._ "METONYMY is _the_ putting _of_ one
name for _an other_, on account of the near relation _which_ there is
between them."--_Fisher cor._ "ANTONOMASIA is _the_ putting _of_ an
appellative or common name for a proper name."--_Id._ "_That it is I,
should_ make no difference in your determination."--_Bullions cor._ "The
first and second _pages_ are torn." Or. "The first and _the_ second _page_
are torn." Or: "The first _page_ and _the_ second are torn."--_Id._ "John's
_absence_ from home occasioned the delay."--_Id._ "His _neglect of_
opportunities for improvement, was the cause of his disgrace."--_Id._ "He
will regret his _neglect of his_ opportunities _for_ improvement, when it
_is_ too late."--_Id._ "His _expertness at dancing_ does not entitle him to
our regard."--_Id._ "Cæsar went back to Rome, to take possession of the
public treasure, which his opponent, by a most unaccountable oversight, had
neglected _to carry away_ with him."--_Goldsmith cor._ "And Cæsar took out
of the treasury, _gold_ to the amount of three thousand _pounds'_ weight,
besides an immense quantity of silver." [548]--_Id._ "Rules and
definitions, which should always be _as_ clear and intelligible as
possible, are thus rendered obscure."--_Greenleaf cor._ "So much both of
ability and _of_ merit is seldom found." Or thus: "So much _of both_
ability and merit is seldom found."[549]--_L. Murray cor._ "If such maxims,
and such practices prevail, what _has_ become of decency and
virtue?"[550]--_Murray's False Syntax_, ii, 62. Or: "If such maxims and
practices prevail, what _will_ become of decency and virtue?"--_Murray and
Bullions cor._ "Especially if the subject _does not require_ so much
pomp."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "However, the proper mixture of light and shade in
such compositions,--the exact adjustment of all the figurative
circumstances with the literal sense,--_has_ ever been _found an affair_ of
great nicety."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 151. "And adding to that hissing in our
language, which is so much _noticed_ by foreigners."--_Addison, Coote, and
Murray, cor._ "_To speak_ impatiently to servants, or _to do_ any thing
that betrays unkindness, or ill-humour, is certainly criminal." Or better:
"Impatience, unkindness, or ill-humour, is certainly criminal."--_Mur. et
al. cor._ "_Here are_ a _fullness_ and grandeur of expression, well suited
to the subject."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "I single _out_ Strada _from_ among the
moderns, because he had the foolish presumption to censure Tacitus."--_L.
Murray cor._ "I single him out _from_ among the moderns, because,"
&c.--_Bolingbroke cor._ "This _rule is not_ always observed, even by good
writers, _so_ strictly as it ought to be."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "But this
gravity and assurance, which _are_ beyond boyhood, being neither wisdom nor
knowledge, do never reach to manhood."--_Pope cor._ "The regularity and
polish even of a turnpike-road, _have_ some influence upon the low people
in the neighbourhood."--_Kames cor._ "They become fond of regularity and
neatness; _and this improvement of their taste_ is displayed, first upon
their yards and little enclosures, and next within doors."--_Id._ "The
phrase, '_it is impossible to exist_,' gives us the idea, _that it is_
impossible for men, or any body, to exist."--_Priestley cor._ "I'll give a
thousand _pounds_ to look upon him."--_Shak. cor._ "The reader's knowledge,
as Dr. Campbell observes, may prevent _him from_ mistaking it."--_Crombie
and Murray cor._ "When two words are set in contrast, or in opposition to
_each_ other, they are both emphatic."--_L. Murray cor._ "The number of
_the_ persons--men, women, and children--who were lost in the sea, was very
great." Or thus: "The number of persons--men, women, and children--_that_
were lost in the sea, was very great."--_Id._ "Nor is the resemblance
between the primary and _the_ resembling object pointed out."--_Jamieson
cor._ "I think it the best book of the kind, _that_ I have met
with."--_Mathews cor._
"Why should not we their ancient rites restore,
And be what Rome or Athens _was_ before?"--_Roscommon cor._
LESSON XII.--TWO ERRORS.
"It is labour only _that_ gives relish to pleasure."--_L. Murray cor._
"Groves are never _more_ agreeable _than_ in the opening of spring."--_Id._
"His Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas _of_ the Sublime
and _the_ Beautiful, soon made him known to the literati."--See _Blair's
Lect._, pp. 34 and 45. "An awful precipice or tower _from which_ we look
down on the objects which _are_ below."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "This passage,
though very poetical, is, however, harsh and obscure; _and for_ no other
cause _than_ this, that three distinct metaphors are crowded
together."--_Id._ "I _purpose to make_ some observations."--_Id._ "I shall
_here_ follow the same method _that_ I have all along pursued."--_Id._
"Mankind _at no other time_ resemble _one an_ other so much as they do in
the beginnings of society."--_Id._ "But no ear is sensible of the
termination of each foot, in _the_ reading _of a_ hexameter line."--_Id._
"The first thing, says he, _that_ a writer _either_ of fables or of heroic
poems does, is, to choose some maxim or point of morality."--_Id._ "The
fourth book has _always_ been most justly admired, and _indeed it_ abounds
with beauties of the highest kind."--_Id._ "There is _in_ the poem no
attempt towards _the_ painting _of_ characters."--_Id._ "But the artificial
contrasting of characters, and the _constant_ introducing _of_ them in
pairs and by opposites, _give_ too theatrical and affected an air to the
piece."--_Id._ "Neither of them _is_ arbitrary _or_ local."--_Kames cor._
"If _the_ crowding _of_ figures _is_ bad, it is still worse to graft one
figure upon _an other_."--_Id._ "The _crowding-together of_ so many objects
lessens the pleasure."--_Id._ "This therefore lies not in the _putting-off
of_ the hat, nor _in the_ making of compliments."--_Locke cor._ "But the
Samaritan Vau may have been used, as the Jews _used_ the Chaldaic, both for
a vowel and _for a_ consonant."--_Wilson cor._ "But if a solemn and _a_
familiar pronunciation really _exist_ in our language, is it not the
business of a grammarian to mark both?"--_J. Walker cor._ "By making sounds
follow _one an_ other _agreeably_ to certain laws."--_Gardiner cor._ "If
there _were_ no drinking _of_ intoxicating draughts, there could be no
drunkards."--_Peirce cor._ "Socrates knew his own defects, and if he was
proud of any thing, it was _of_ being thought to have none."--_Goldsmith
cor._ "Lysander, having brought his army to Ephesus, erected an arsenal for
_the_ building of _galleys_."--_Id._ "The use of these signs _is_ worthy
_of_ remark."--_Brightland cor._ "He received me in the same manner _in
which_ I would _receive_ you." Or thus: "He received me _as_ I would
_receive_ you."--_R. C. Smith cor._ "Consisting of _both_ the direct and
_the_ collateral evidence."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "If any man or woman that
believeth _hath_ widows, let _him_ or _her_ relieve them, and let not the
church be charged."--_Bible cor._ "For _men's sake_ are beasts bred."--_W.
Walker cor._ "From three _o'clock_, there _were_ drinking and
gaming."--_Id._ "Is this he that I am seeking, or _not?_"--_Id._ "And for
the upholding _of_ every _one's_ own opinion, there is so much
ado."--_Sewel cor._ "Some of them, however, will _necessarily_ be
_noticed_."--_Sale cor._ "The boys conducted themselves _very
indiscreetly_."--_Merchant cor._ "Their example, their influence, their
fortune,--every talent they possess,--_dispenses_ blessings on all
_persons_ around them."--_Id. and Murray cor._ "The two _Reynoldses_
reciprocally converted _each_ other."--_Johnson cor._ "The destroying _of_
the _last two_, Tacitus calls an attack upon virtue itself."--_Goldsmith
cor._ "_Moneys are_ your suit."--_Shak. cor._ "_Ch_ is commonly sounded
like _tch_, as in _church_; but in words derived from Greek, _it_ has the
sound of _k_."--_L. Murray cor._ "When one is obliged to make some utensil
_serve for_ purposes to which _it was_ not originally destined."--_Campbell
cor._ "But that a _baptism_ with water is a _washing-away_ of sin, thou
canst not hence prove."--_Barclay cor._ "Being _spoken_ to _but_ one, it
infers no universal command."--_Id._ "For if the _laying-aside of_
copulatives gives force and liveliness, a redundancy of them must render
the period languid."--_Buchanan cor._ "James used to compare him to a cat,
_which_ always _falls_ upon her legs."--_Adam cor._
"From the low earth aspiring genius springs,
And sails triumphant _borne_ on _eagle's_ wings."--_Lloyd cor._
LESSON XIII.--TWO ERRORS
"An ostentatious, a feeble, a harsh, or an obscure style, for instance,
_is_ always _faulty_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Yet in this we find _that_ the
English pronounce _quite agreeably_ to rule." Or thus: "Yet in this we find
the English _pronunciation_ perfectly agreeable to rule." Or thus: "Yet in
this we find _that_ the English pronounce _in a manner_ perfectly agreeable
to rule."--_J. Walker cor._ "But neither the perception of ideas, nor
knowledge of any sort, _is a habit_, though absolutely necessary to the
forming of _habits_."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "They were cast; and _a_ heavy
fine _was_ imposed upon them."--_Goldsmith cor._ "Without making this
reflection, he cannot enter into the spirit _of the author, or_ relish the
composition."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The scholar should be instructed _in
relation_ to _the_ finding _of_ his words." Or thus: "The scholar should be
_told how_ to _find_ his words."--_Osborn cor._ "And therefore they could
neither have forged, _nor have_ reversified them."--_Knight cor._ "A
dispensary is _a_ place _at which_ medicines are dispensed _to the
poor_."--_L. Mur. cor._ "Both the connexion and _the_ number of words _are_
determined by general laws."--_Neef cor._ "An Anapest has the _first two_
syllables unaccented, and the last _one_ accented; as, c~ontr~av=ene,
acquiésce."--_L. Mur. cor._ "An explicative sentence is _one in which_ a
thing is said, _in a direct manner_, to be or not to be, to do or not to
do, to suffer or not to suffer."--_Lowth and Mur. cor._ "BUT is a
conjunction _whenever_ it is neither an adverb nor _a_ preposition."
[551]--_R. C. Smith cor._ "He wrote in the name _of_ King _Ahasuerus_, and
sealed _the writing_ with the king's ring."--_Bible cor._ "Camm and Audland
_had_ departed _from_ the town before this time."--_Sewel cor._ "_Before
they will relinquish_ the practice, they must be convinced."--_Webster
cor._ "Which he had thrown up _before he set_ out."--_Grimshaw cor._ "He
left _to him_ the value of _a_ hundred drachms in Persian money."--_Spect
cor._ "All _that_ the mind can ever contemplate concerning them, must be
divided _among_ the three."--_Cardell cor._ "Tom Puzzle is one of the most
eminent immethodical disputants, of _all_ that _have_ fallen under my
observation."--_Spect. cor._ "When you have once got him to think himself
_compensated_ for his suffering, by the praise _which_ is given him for his
courage."--_Locke cor._ "In all matters _in which_ simple reason, _or_ mere
speculation is concerned."--_Sheridan cor._ "And therefore he should be
spared _from_ the trouble of attending to anything else _than_ his
meaning."--_Id._ "It is this kind of phraseology _that_ is distinguished by
the epithet _idiomatical; a species that was_ originally the spawn, partly
of ignorance, and partly of affectation."--_Campbell and Murray cor._ "That
neither the inflection nor _the letters_ are such as could have been
employed by the ancient inhabitants of Latium."--_Knight cor._ "In _those_
cases _in which_ the verb is intended to be applied to any one of the
terms."--_L. Murray cor._ "But _these_ people _who_ know not the law, are
accursed."--_Bible cor._ "And the magnitude of the _choruses has_ weight
and sublimity."--_Gardiner cor._ "_Dares_ he deny _that_ there are some of
his fraternity guilty?"--_Barclay cor._ "Giving an account of most, if not
all, _of_ the papers _which_ had passed betwixt them."--_Id._ "In this
manner, _as to both_ parsing and correcting, _should_ all the rules of
syntax be treated, _being taken up_ regularly according to their
order."--_L. Murray cor._ "_To_ Ovando _were_ allowed a brilliant retinue
and a _body-guard_."--_Sketch cor._ "_Was_ it I or he, _that_ you requested
to go?"--_Kirkham cor._ "Let _thee_ and _me_ go on."--_Bunyan cor._ "This I
nowhere affirmed; and _I_ do wholly deny _it_."--_Barclay cor._ "But that I
deny; and _it_ remains for him to prove _it_."--_Id._ "Our country sinks
beneath the yoke: _She_ weeps, _she_ bleeds, and each new day a gash Is
added to her wounds."--_Shak. cor._ "Thou art the Lord who _chose_ Abraham
and _brought_ him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees."--_Bible and Mur. cor._
"He is the exhaustless fountain, from which _emanate_ all these attributes
that _exist_ throughout this wide creation."--_Wayland cor._ "I am he who
_has_ communed with the son of Neocles; I am he who _has_ entered the
gardens of pleasure."--_Wright cor._
"Such _were_ in ancient times the tales received,
Such by our good forefathers _were_ believed."--_Rowe cor._
LESSON XIV.--TWO ERRORS.
"The noun or pronoun that _stands_ before the active verb, _usually
represents_ the agent."--_A. Murray cor._ "Such _seem_ to _have been_ the
musings of our hero of the grammar-quill, when he penned the first part of
his grammar."--_Merchant cor._ "Two dots, the one placed above the other
[:], _are_ called Sheva, and _are used to represent_ a very short
_e_."--_Wilson cor._ "Great _have_ been, and _are_, the obscurity and
difficulty, in the nature and application of them" [: i.e.--of natural
remedies].--_Butler cor._ "As two _are_ to four, so _are_ four to
eight."--_Everest cor._ "The invention and use of arithmetic, _reach_ back
to a period so remote, as _to be_ beyond the knowledge of history."--
_Robertson cor._ "What it presents as objects of contemplation or
enjoyment, _fill_ and _satisfy_ his mind."--_Id._ "If he _dares_ not say
they are, as I know he _dares_ not, how must I then distinguish?"--_Barclay
cor._ "He _had_ now grown so fond of solitude, that all company _had_
become uneasy to him."--_Life of Cic. cor._ "Violence and spoil _are_ heard
in her; before me continually _are_ grief and wounds."--_Bible cor._
"Bayle's Intelligence from the Republic of Letters, which _makes_ eleven
volumes in duodecimo, _is_ truly a model in this kind."--_Formey cor._
"Pauses, to _be rendered_ pleasing and expressive, must not only be made in
the right place, but also _be_ accompanied with a proper tone of
voice."--_L. Murray cor._ "_To oppose_ the opinions and _rectify_ the
mistakes of others, is what truth and sincerity sometimes require of
us."--_Locke cor._ "It is very probable, that this assembly was called, to
clear some doubt which the king had, _whether it were lawful for the
Hollanders to throw_ off the monarchy of Spain, and _withdraw_ entirely
their allegiance to that crown." Or:--"About the lawfulness of the
Hollanders' _rejection of_ the monarchy of Spain, and _entire withdrawment
of_ their allegiance to that crown."--_L. Murray cor._ "_A_ naming _of_ the
numbers and cases of a noun in their order, is called _the_ declining _of_
it, or _its declension_."--_Frost cor._ "The embodying _of_ them is,
therefore, only _a_ collecting _of_ such component parts of words."--_Town
cor._ "The one is the voice heard _when Christ was_ baptized; the other,
_when he was_ transfigured."--_Barclay cor._ "_An_ understanding _of_ the
literal sense"--or, "_To have understood_ the literal sense, would not have
prevented _them from_ condemning the guiltless."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "As if
this were, _to take_ the execution of justice out of the hands of God, and
_to give_ it to nature."--_Id._ "They will say, you must conceal this good
opinion of yourself; which yet is _an_ allowing _of_ the thing, though not
_of_ the showing _of_ it." Or:--"which yet is, _to allow_ the thing, though
not the showing _of_ it."--_Sheffield cor._ "So as to signify not only the
doing _of_ an action, but the causing _of_ it to be done."--_Pike cor._
"This, certainly, was both _a_ dividing _of_ the unity of God, and _a_
limiting _of_ his immensity."--_Calvin cor._ "Tones being infinite in
number, and varying in almost every individual, the arranging _of_ them
under distinct heads, and _the_ reducing _of_ them to any fixed and
permanent rules, may be considered as the last refinement in
language."--_Knight cor._ "The fierce anger of the Lord shall not return,
until he _hath_ done it, and until he _hath_ performed the intents of his
heart."--_Bible cor._ "We seek for deeds _more_ illustrious and heroic, for
events more diversified and surprising."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "We distinguish
the genders, or the male and _the_ female sex, _in_ four different
ways."--_Buchanan cor._ "Thus, _ch_ and _g_ are ever hard. It is therefore
proper to retain these sounds in _those_ Hebrew names which have not been
_modernized_, or changed by public use."--_Dr. Wilson cor._ "_A_
Substantive, or Noun, is the name of any thing _which is_ conceived to
subsist, or of which we have any notion."--_Murray and Lowth cor._ "_A_
Noun is the name of any thing _which_ exists, or of which we have, or can
form, an idea."--_Maunder cor._ "A Noun is the name of any thing in
existence, or _of any thing_ of which we can form an idea."--_Id._ "The
next thing to be _attended to_, is, to keep him exactly to _the_ speaking
of truth."--_Locke cor._ "The material, _the_ vegetable, and _the_ animal
world, receive this influence according to their several
capacities."--_Dial cor._ "And yet it is fairly defensible on the
principles of the schoolmen; if _those things_ can be called principles,
which _consist_ merely in words."--_Campbell cor._
"Art thou so bare, and full of wretchedness,
And _fearst_ to die? Famine is in thy cheeks,
Need and oppression _starve_ in thy _sunk_ eyes."--_Shak. cor._
LESSON XV.--THREE ERRORS.
"The silver age is reckoned to have commenced _at_ the death of Augustus,
and _to have_ continued _till_ the end of Trajan's reign."--_Gould cor._
"Language _has indeed_ become, in modern times, more correct, and _more
determinate_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "It is evident, that _those_ words are
_the_ most agreeable to the ear, which are composed of smooth and liquid
sounds, _and in which_ there is a proper intermixture of vowels and
consonants."--_Id._ "It would have had no other effect, _than_ to add _to_
the sentence _an unnecessary_ word."--_Id._ "But as rumours arose, _that_
the judges _had_ been corrupted by money in this cause, these gave
_occasion_ to much popular clamour, and _threw_ a heavy odium on
Cluentius."--_Id._ "A Participle is derived _from_ a verb, and partakes of
the nature both of the verb and _of an_ adjective."--_Ash and Devis cor._
"I _shall_ have learned my grammar before you _will have learned
yours_."--_Wilbur and Livingston cor._ "There is no _other_ earthly object
capable of making _so_ various and _so_ forcible impressions upon the human
mind, as a complete speaker."--_Perry cor._ "It was not the carrying _of_
the bag, _that_ made Judas a thief and _a_ hireling."--_South cor._ "As the
reasonable soul and _the_ flesh _are_ one man, so God and man _are_ one
Christ."--_Creed cor._ "And I will say to them _who_ were not my people,
_Ye are_ my people; and they shall say, Thou art _our_ God."--_Bible cor._
"Where there is _in the sense_ nothing _that_ requires the last sound to be
elevated or _suspended_, an easy fall, sufficient to show that the sense is
finished, will be proper."--_L. Mur. cor._ "Each party _produce_ words _in
which_ the letter _a_ is sounded in the manner _for which_ they
contend."--_J. Walker cor._ "To countenance persons _that_ are guilty of
bad actions, is scarcely one remove from _an actual commission of the same
crimes_."--_L. Mur. cor._ "'To countenance persons _that_ are guilty of bad
actions,' is a _phrase or clause_ which is _made_ the _subject of_ the verb
'is.'"--_Id._ "What is called _the_ splitting of particles,--_that is, the_
separating _of_ a preposition from the noun which it governs, is always to
be avoided."--_Dr. Blair et al. cor._ (See Obs. 15th on Rule 23d.) "There
is properly _but_ one pause, or rest, in the sentence; _and this falls_
betwixt the two members into which _the sentence_ is divided."--_Iid._ "_To
go_ barefoot, does not at all help _a man_ on, _in_ the way to
heaven."--_Steele cor._ "There is _nobody who does not condemn_ this in
others, though _many_ overlook it in themselves."--_Locke cor._ "Be careful
not to use the same word _in_ the same sentence _either_ too frequently
_or_ in different senses."--_L. Murray cor._ "Nothing could have made her
_more_ unhappy, _than to have married_ a man _of_ such principles."--_Id._
"A warlike, various, and tragical age is _the_ best to write of, but _the_
worst to write in."--_Cowley cor._ "When thou _instancest Peter's_
babtizing [sic--KTH] _of_ Cornelius."--_Barclay cor._ "To introduce two or
more leading thoughts or _topics_, which have no natural _affinity_ or
_mutual_ dependence."--_L. Murray cor._ "Animals, again, are fitted to one
_an other_, and to the elements _or regions in which_ they live, and to
which they are as appendices."--_Id._ "This melody, _however_, or so
_frequent_ varying _of_ the sound of each word, is a proof of nothing, but
of the fine ear of that people."--_Jamieson cor._ "They can, each in _its
turn_, be _used_ upon occasion."--_Duncan cor._ "In this reign, lived the
_poets_ Gower and Chaucer, who are the first authors _that_ can properly be
said to have written English."--_Bucke cor._ "In translating expressions
_of this_ kind, consider the [phrase] '_it is_' as if it were _they
are_."--_W. Walker cor._ "The chin has an important office to perform; for,
_by the degree of_ its activity, we disclose _either_ a polite or _a_
vulgar pronunciation."--_Gardiner cor._ "For no other reason, _than that he
was_ found in bad company."--_Webster cor._ "It is usual to compare them
_after_ the manner _of polysyllables_."--_Priestley cor._ "The infinitive
mood is _recognized more easily_ than any _other_, because the preposition
TO precedes it."--_Bucke cor._ "Prepositions, you recollect, connect words,
_and so do_ conjunctions: how, then, can you tell _a conjunction_ from _a
preposition_?" Or:--"how, then, can you _distinguish_ the _former_ from the
_latter_?"--_R. C. Smith cor._
"No kind of work requires _a nicer_ touch,
And, _this_ well finish'd, _none else_ shines so much."
--_Sheffield cor._
LESSON XVI.--THREE ERRORS.
"_On_ many occasions, it is the final pause alone, _that_ marks the
difference between prose and verse: _this_ will be evident from the
following arrangement of a few poetical lines."--_L. Murray cor._ "I shall
do all I can to persuade others to take _for their cure_ the same measures
_that_ I have _taken for mine_."--_Guardian cor._; also _Murray_. "It is
the nature of extreme self-lovers, _that_ they will set _a_ house on fire,
_as_ it were, but to roast their eggs."--_Bacon cor._ "Did ever man
struggle more earnestly in a cause _in which_ both his honour and _his_
life _were_ concerned?"--_Duncan cor._ "So the rests, _or_ pauses, _which
separate_ sentences _or_ their parts, are marked by points."--_Lowth cor._
"Yet the case and _mood are_ not influenced by them, but _are_ determined
by the nature of the sentence."--_Id._ "_Through inattention_ to this rule,
many errors have been committed: _several_ of which _are here_ subjoined,
as a further caution and direction to the learner."--_L. Murray cor._
"Though thou _clothe_ thyself with crimson, though thou _deck_ thee with
ornaments of gold, though thou _polish_ thy face with painting, in vain
shalt thou make thyself fair." [552]--_Bible cor._ "But that the doing _of_
good to others, will make us happy, is not so evident; _the_ feeding _of_
the hungry, for example, or _the_ clothing _of_ the naked." Or: "But that,
_to do_ good to others, will make us happy, is not so evident; _to feed_
the hungry, for example, or _to clothe_ the naked."--_Kames cor._ "There is
no other God _than he_, no other light _than_ his." Or: "There is no God
_but he_, no light _but_ his."--_Penn cor._ "How little reason _is there_
to wonder, that a _powerful_ and accomplished orator should be one of the
characters that _are_ most rarely found."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Because they
express _neither the_ doing nor _the_ receiving _of_ an action."--_Inf. S.
Gram. cor._ "To find the answers, will require an effort of mind; and, when
_right answers are_ given, _they_ will be the result of reflection, _and
show_ that the subject is understood."--_Id._ "'The sun rises,' is _an
expression_ trite and common; but _the same idea_ becomes a magnificent
image, when expressed _in the language of_ Mr. Thomson."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"The declining _of_ a word is the giving _of its_ different endings." Or:
"_To decline_ a word, is _to give_ it different endings."--_Ware cor._ "And
so much are they for _allowing_ every _one to follow his_ own
mind."--_Barclay cor._ "More than one overture for peace _were_ made, but
Cleon prevented _them from_ taking effect."--_Goldsmith cor._ "Neither in
English, _nor_ in any other language, is this word, _or_ that which
corresponds to it in _meaning_, any more an article, than TWO, THREE, _or_
FOUR."--_Webster cor._ "But the most irksome conversation of all that I
have met _with in_ the neighbourhood, has been _with_ two or three of your
travellers."--_Spect. cor._ "Set down the _first two_ terms of _the_
supposition, _one under the other_, in the first place."--_Smiley cor._ "It
is _a_ useful _practice_ too, to fix _one's_ eye on some of the most
distant persons in the assembly."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "He will generally
please _his hearers_ most, when _to please them_ is not his sole _or his_
chief aim."--_Id._ "At length, the consuls return to the camp, and inform
_the soldiers, that_ they could _obtain for them_ no other terms _than
those_ of surrendering their arms and passing under the yoke."--_Id._ "Nor
_are_ mankind so much to blame, in _their_ choice thus determining
_them_."--_Swift cor._ "These forms are what _are_ called _the Numbers_."
Or: "These forms are called _Numbers_."--_Fosdick cor._ "In _those_
languages which admit but two genders, all nouns are either masculine or
feminine, even though they designate beings _that_ are neither male _nor_
female."--_Id._ "It is called _Verb_ or _Word_ by way of eminence, because
it is the most essential word in a sentence, _and one_ without which the
other parts of speech _cannot_ form _any_ complete sense."--_Gould cor._
"The sentence will consist of two members, _and these will_ commonly _be_
separated from _each_ other by a comma."--_Jamieson cor._ "Loud and soft in
speaking _are_ like the _fortè_ and _piano_ in music; _they_ only _refer_
to the different degrees of force used in the same key: whereas high and
low imply a change of key."--_Sheridan cor._ "They are chiefly three: the
acquisition of knowledge; the assisting _of_ the memory to treasure up this
knowledge; _and_ the communicating _of_ it to others."--_Id._
"_This_ kind of knaves I know, _who_ in this plainness
Harbour more craft, and _hide_ corrupter ends,
Than twenty silly ducking observants."--_Shak. cor._
LESSON XVII.--MANY ERRORS.
"A man will be forgiven, even _for_ great errors, _committed_ in a foreign
language; but, in _the use he makes of_ his own, even the least slips are
justly _pointed out_ and ridiculed."--_Amer. Chesterfield cor._ "LET
expresses _not only_ permission, but _entreaty, exhortation, and
command_."--_Lowth cor._; also _Murray, et al._ "That death which is our
leaving _of_ this world, is nothing else _than the putting-off of_ these
bodies."--_Sherlock cor._ "They differ from the saints recorded _in either_
the Old _or the_ New _Testament_."--_Newton cor._ "The nature of relation,
_therefore_, consists in the referring or comparing _of_ two things to
_each_ other; from which comparison, one or both _come_ to be
denominated."--_Locke cor._ "It is not credible, that there _is_ any one
who will say, that _through_ the whole course of _his life he_ has kept
_himself entirely_ undefiled, _without_ the least spot or stain of
sin."--_Witsius cor._ "If _to act_ conformably to the will of our
Creator,--if _to promote_ the welfare of mankind around us,--if _to secure_
our own happiness, _is an object_ of the highest moment; then are we loudly
called upon to cultivate and extend the great interests of religion and
virtue." Or: "If, to act conformably to the will of our Creator, to promote
the welfare of mankind around us, _and_ to secure our own happiness, _are
objects_ of the highest moment; then," &c.--_Murray et al. cor._ "The verb
being in the plural number, it is supposed, that _the officer and his guard
are joint agents. But this_ is not the case: the only nominative to the
verb is '_officer_.' In the expression, '_with his guard_,' the _noun
'guard' is_ in the objective case, _being_ governed by the preposition
_with_; and _consequently it_ cannot form the nominative, or any part of
it. The prominent subject _for the agreement_, the true nominative _to_ the
verb, _or the term_ to which the verb peculiarly refers, is the _word
'officer.'_"--_L. Murray cor._ "This is _an other_ use, that, in my
opinion, contributes to make a man learned _rather_ than wise; and is
_incapable_ of pleasing _either_ the understanding or _the_
imagination."--_Addison cor._ "The work is a dull performance; and is
_incapable_ of pleasing _either_ the understanding _or_ the
imagination."--_L. Murray cor._ "I would recommend the 'Elements of English
Grammar,' by Mr. Frost. _The_ plan _of this little work is similar to that
of Mr. L. Murray's smallest Grammar_; but, _in order_ to meet the
understanding of children, _its_ definitions and language _are_ simplified,
_so_ far as the nature of the subject will admit. It also embraces more
examples _for_ Parsing, than _are_ usual in elementary treatises."--_S. R.
Hall cor._ "More rain falls in the first two summer months, than in the
first two _months_ of winter; but _what falls_, makes a much greater show
upon the earth, in _winter_ than in _summer_, because there is a much
slower evaporation."--_L. Murray cor._ "They often contribute also to
_render_ some persons prosperous, though wicked; and, _what_ is still
worse, to _reward_ some actions, though vicious; and _punish_ other
actions, though virtuous."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "Hence, to such a man,
_arise_ naturally a secret satisfaction, _a_ sense of security, and _an_
implicit hope of somewhat further."--_Id._ "So much for the third and last
cause of illusion, that was _noticed above; which arises_ from the abuse of
very general and abstract terms; _and_ which is the principal source of the
_abundant_ nonsense that _has_ been vented by metaphysicians, mystagogues,
and theologians."--_Campbell cor._ "As to those animals _which are_ less
common, or _which_, on account of the places they inhabit, fall less under
our observation, as fishes and birds, or _which_ their diminutive size
removes still further from our observation, we generally, in English,
employ a single noun to designate both genders, _the_ masculine and _the_
feminine."--_Fosdick cor._ "Adjectives may always be distinguished by their
_relation to other words: they express_ the quality, condition, _or
number_, of whatever _things are_ mentioned."--_Emmons cor._ "_An_ adverb
_is_ a word added to a verb, _a_ participle, _an_ adjective, or _an_ other
adverb; _and generally expresses time, place, degree, or
manner_."--_Brown's Inst._, p. 29. "The _joining-together of_ two objects,
_so_ grand, and the representing _of_ them both, as subject at one moment
to the command of God, _produce_ a noble effect."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"Twisted columns, for instance, are undoubtedly ornamental; but, as they
have an appearance of weakness, they displease _the eye, whenever_ they are
_used_ to support any _massy_ part of a building, _or what_ seems to
require a more substantial prop."--_Id._ "_In_ a vast number of
inscriptions, some upon rocks, some upon stones of a defined shape, is
found an Alphabet different from the _Greeks', the Latins'_, and _the
Hebrews'_, and also unlike that of any modern nation."--_W. C. Fowler cor._
LESSON XVIII.--MANY ERRORS.
"The empire of Blefuscu is an island situated on the northeast side of
Lilliput, from _which_ it is parted by a channel of _only_ 800 yards _in
width_."--_Swift and Kames cor._ "The nominative case usually _denotes_ the
agent or doer; and _any noun or pronoun which is_ the subject of a _finite_
verb, _is always in this case_."--_R. C. Smith cor._ "There _are, in_ his
allegorical personages, an originality, _a_ richness, and _a_ variety,
which almost _vie_ with the splendours of the ancient mythology."--_Hazlitt
cor._ "As neither the Jewish nor _the_ Christian revelation _has_ been
universal, and as _each has_ been afforded to a greater or _a_ less part of
the world at different times; so likewise, at different times, both
revelations have had different degrees of evidence."--_Bp. Butler cor._
"Thus we see, that, _to kill_ a man with a sword, _and to kill one_ with a
hatchet, are looked upon as no distinct species of action; but, if the
point of the sword first enter the body, _the action_ passes for a distinct
species, called _stabbing_."--_Locke cor._ "If a soul sin, and commit a
trespass against the Lord, and lie unto his neighbour _concerning_ that
which was delivered him to keep, or _deceive_ his neighbour, or _find_ that
which was lost, and _lie_ concerning it, and _swear_ falsely; in any of all
these that a man doeth, sinning therein, then it shall be," &c.--_Bible
cor._ "As, _to do_ and _teach_ the commandments of God, is the great proof
of virtue; so, _to break_ them, and _to teach_ others to break them, _are_
the great _proofs_ of vice."--_Wayland cor._ "The latter simile, _in_
Pope's terrific maltreatment of _it_, is true _neither_ to _the_ mind _nor
to the_ eye."--_Coleridge cor._ "And the two brothers were seen,
transported with rage and fury, like Eteocles and Polynices, _each
endeavouring_ to plunge _his sword_ into _the other's heart_, and to assure
_himself_ of the throne by the death of _his_ rival."--_Goldsmith cor._ "Is
it not plain, therefore, that neither the castle, _nor_ the planet, nor the
cloud, which you _here_ see, _is that_ real _one_ which you suppose _to_
exist at a distance?"--_Berkley cor._ "I have often wondered, how it comes
to pass, that every body should love _himself_ best, and yet value _his
neighbours'_ opinion about _himself_ more than _his_ own."--_Collier cor._
"Virtue, ([Greek: Aretæ], _Virtus_,) as well as most of its species, _when
sex is figuratively ascribed to it, is made_ feminine, perhaps from _its_
beauty and amiable appearance."--_Harris cor._ "Virtue, with most of its
species, is _made_ feminine _when personified_; and so is Vice, _perhaps_
for being Virtue's opposite."--_Brit. Gram. cor._; also _Buchanan_. "From
this deduction, _it_ may _easily_ be seen, how it comes to pass, that
personification makes so great a figure in all compositions _in which_
imagination or passion _has_ any concern."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "An Article is
a word _placed before a noun_, to point _it_ out _as such_, and to show how
far _its_ signification extends."--_Folker cor._ "All men have certain
natural, essential, and inherent rights;--among which are the _rights of_
enjoying and defending life and liberty; _of_ acquiring, possessing, and
protecting property; and, in a word, of seeking and obtaining
happiness."--_Const. of N. H. cor._ "From _those_ grammarians who form
their ideas and make their decisions, respecting this part of English
grammar, _from_ the principles and construction of _other_ languages,--_of
languages_ which do not in these points _accord with_ our own, but _which_
differ considerably from it,--we may naturally expect grammatical schemes
that _will be neither_ perspicuous nor consistent, and _that_ will tend
_rather_ to perplex than _to_ inform the learner."--_Murray and Hall cor.
"Indeed_ there are but very few who know how to be idle and innocent, or
_who_ have a relish _for_ any pleasures that are not criminal; every
diversion _which the majority_ take, is at the expense of some one virtue
or _other_, and their very first step out of business is into vice or
folly."--_Addison cor._
"Hail, holy Love! thou _bliss_ that _sumst_ all bliss!
_Giv'st_ and _receiv'st_ all bliss; fullest when most
Thou _giv'st_; spring-head of all felicity!"--_Pollok cor._
CHAPTER XIII--GENERAL RULE.
CORRECTIONS UNDER THE GENERAL RULE.
LESSON I.--ARTICLES.
(1.) "_The_ article is a part of speech placed before nouns." Or thus:
"_An_ article is a _word_ placed before nouns."--_Comly cor._ (2.) "_The_
article is a part of speech used to limit nouns."--_Gilbert cor._ (3.) "An
article is a _word_ set before nouns to fix their vague
signification."--_Ash cor._ (4.) "_The_ adjective is a part of speech used
to describe _something named by a_ noun."--_Gilbert cor._ (5.) "A pronoun
is a _word_ used _in stead_ of a noun."--_Id. and Weld cor.: Inst._, p. 45.
(6.) "_The_ pronoun is a part of speech which is often used _in stead_ of a
noun."--_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ (7.) "A verb is a _word_ which
signifies _to be, to do_, or _to be acted upon_."--_Merchant cor._ (8.)
"_The_ verb is a part of speech which signifies _to be, to act_, or _to
receive an action_."--_Comly cor._ (9.) "_The_ verb is _the_ part of speech
by which any thing is asserted."--_Weld cor._ (10.) "_The_ verb is a part
of speech, which expresses action or existence in a direct
manner."--_Gilbert cor._ (11.) "A participle is a _word_ derived from a
verb, and expresses action or existence in an indirect manner."--_Id._
(12.) "_The_ participle is a part of speech derived from _the_ verb, and
denotes being, doing, or suffering, and implies time, as a verb
does."--_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ (13.) "_The_ adverb is a part of
speech used to add _some modification_ to the meaning of verbs, adjectives,
and participles."--_Gilbert cor._ (14.) "An adverb is an indeclinable
_word_ added to a verb, [_a participle,] an_ adjective, or _an_ other
adverb, to express some circumstance, _accident_, or manner of _its_
signification."--_Adam and Gould cor._ (15.) "An adverb is a _word added_
to a verb, an adjective, a participle, _or an_ other adverb, to express the
circumstance of _time, place, degree, or manner_."--_Dr. Ash cor._ (16.)
"An adverb is a _word added_ to a verb, _an_ adjective, _a_ participle,
_or_, sometimes, _an_ other adverb, to express some _circumstance_
respecting _the sense_."--_Beck cor._ (17.) "_The_ adverb is a part of
speech, which is _added_ to _verbs, adjectives, participles_, or to other
_adverbs_, to express some modification or circumstance, quality or manner,
of their signification."--_Buchanan cor._ (18.) "_The_ adverb is a part of
speech _which we add_ to _the verb_, (whence the name,) _to the adjective
or participle likewise_, and sometimes even to _an other adverb_."--_Bucke
cor._ (19.) "A conjunction is a _word_ used to connect words _or_
sentences."--_Gilbert and Weld cor._ (20.) "_The_ conjunction is a part of
speech that joins words or sentences together."--_Ash cor._ (21.) "_The_
conjunction is that part of speech which _connects_ sentences, or parts of
sentences, or single words."--_D. Blair cor._ (22.) "_The_ conjunction is a
part of speech that is used principally to connect sentences, so as, out of
two, three, or more sentences, to make one."--_Bucke cor._ (23.) "_The_
conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect _words or_
sentences _together; but_, chiefly, _to join_ simple sentences into _such
as are_ compound."--_Kirkham cor._ (24.) "A conjunction is a _word_ which
joins _words or_ sentences together, and _shows_ the manner of their
_dependence, as they stand in connexion_."--_Brit. Gram. et al. cor._ (25.)
"A preposition is a _word_ used to show the relation between other words,
_and govern the subsequent term_."--_Gilbert cor._ (26.) "A preposition is
a _governing word_ which serves to connect _other_ words, and _to_ show the
relation between them."--_Frost cor._ (27.) "A preposition is a _governing
particle_ used to connect words and show their relation."--_Weld cor._
(28.) "_The_ preposition is that part of speech which shows the _various
positions_ of persons or things, _and_ the _consequent relations_ that
_certain words bear_ toward _one an_ other."--_David Blair cor._ (29.)
"_The_ preposition is a part of speech, which, being added to _certain_
other parts of speech, serves to _show_ their state _of_ relation, or
_their_ reference to each other."--_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ (30.)
"_The_ interjection is a part of speech used to express sudden passion or
_strong_ emotion."--_Gilbert cor._ (31.) "An interjection is an
_unconnected word_ used in giving utterance to some sudden feeling or
_strong_ emotion."--_Weld cor._ (32.) "_The_ interjection is that part of
speech which denotes any sudden affection or _strong_ emotion of the
mind."--_David Blair cor._ (33.) "An interjection is _an independent word
or sound_ thrown into discourse, and denotes some sudden passion or
_strong_ emotion of the soul."--_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._
(34.) "_The_ scene might tempt some peaceful sage
To rear _a lonely_ hermitage."--_Gent. of Aberdeen cor._
(35.) "Not all the storms that shake the pole,
Can e'er disturb thy halcyon soul,
And _smooth unalter'd_ brow."--_Barbauld's Poems_, p. 42.
LESSON II.--NOUNS.
"The _throne_ of every monarchy felt the shock."--_Frelinghuysen cor._
"These principles ought to be deeply impressed upon the _mind_ of every
American."--_Dr. N. Webster cor._ "The _words_ CHURCH and SHIRE are
radically the same."--_Id._ "They may not, in their present form, be
readily accommodated to every circumstance belonging to the possessive
_case_ of nouns."--_L. Murray cor. "Will_, in the second and third
_persons_, only _foretells_."--_Id.; Lowth's Gram._, p. 41. "Which seem to
form the true distinction between the subjunctive and the indicative
_mood_."--_L. Murray cor._ "The very general approbation which this
performance of _Walker's_ has received from the public."--_Id._ "Lest she
carry her improvements _of this kind_ too far." Or thus: "Lest she carry
her improvements _in_ this way too far."--_Id. and Campbell cor._ "Charles
was extravagant, and by _his prodigality_ became poor and despicable."--_L.
Murray cor._ "We should entertain no _prejudice_ against simple and rustic
persons."--_Id._ "These are indeed the _foundation_ of all solid
merit."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "And his embellishment, by means of _figures,
musical cadences_, or other _ornaments_ of speech."--_Id._ "If he is at no
pains to engage us by the employment of figures, musical arrangement, or
any other _ornament of style_."--_Id._ "The most eminent of the sacred
poets, are, _David, Isaiah_, and the _author_ of the Book of Job."--_Id._
"Nothing in any _poem_, is more beautifully described than the death of old
Priam."--_Id._ "When two vowels meet together, and are _joined in one
syllable_, they are called _a diphthong_."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "How many
_Esses_ would _goodness'_ then end with? Three; as _goodness's_."--_Id.
"Birds_ is a noun; it is the _common_ name of _feathered
animals_."--_Kirkham cor._ "Adam gave names to _all_ living _creatures_."
Or thus: "Adam gave _a name_ to every living creature."--_Bicknell cor._
"The steps of a _flight of stairs_ ought to be accommodated to the human
figure." Or thus: "_Stairs_ ought to be accommodated to the _ease of the
users_."--_Kames cor._ "Nor ought an emblem, more than a simile, to be
founded on _a_ low or familiar _object_."--_Id._ "Whatever the Latin has
not from the Greek, it has from the _Gothic_."--_Tooke cor._ "The _mint_,
and _the office of the secretary of state_, are neat buildings."--_The
Friend cor._ "The scenes of dead and still _existence_ are apt to pall upon
us."--_Blair cor._ "And Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus, the angelical
_doctor_ and the subtle, are the brightest stars in the scholastic
constellation."--_Lit. Hist. cor._ "The English language has three methods
of distinguishing the _sexes_."--_Murray et al. cor._; also _R. C. Smith_.
"In English, there are the three following methods of distinguishing _the
sexes_."--_Jaudon cor._ "There are three ways of distinguishing the
_sexes_."--_Lennie et al. cor._; also _Merchant. "The sexes are_
distinguished in three ways."--_Maunder cor._ "Neither discourse in
general, nor poetry in particular, can be called altogether an imitative
_art_."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"Do we for this the gods and conscience brave,
That one may rule and _all_ the rest _enslave_?"--_Rowe cor._
LESSON III.--ADJECTIVES.
"There is a deal _more_ of heads, than _of_ either heart or
horns."--_Barclay cor._ "For, of all villains, I think he has the _most
improper name_."--_Bunyan cor._ "Of all the men that I met in my
pilgrimage, he, I think, bears the _wrongest_ name."--_Id._ "I am
_surprised_ to see so much of the distribution, and _so many of the_
technical terms, of the Latin grammar, retained in the grammar of our
tongue."--_Priestley cor._ "Nor did the Duke of Burgundy bring him _any_
assistance."--_Hume and Priestley cor._ "Else he will find it difficult to
make _an_ obstinate _person_ believe him."--_Brightland cor._ "Are there
any adjectives which form the degrees of comparison _in a manner_ peculiar
to themselves?"--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "Yet _all_ the verbs are of the
indicative mood."--_Lowth cor._ "The word _candidate_ is _absolute_, in the
_nominative_ case."--_L. Murray cor._ "An Iambus has the first syllable
unaccented, and the _last_ accented."--_L. Murray, D. Blair, Jamieson,
Kirkham, Bullions, Guy, Merchant_, and others. "A Dactyl has the first
syllable accented, and the _last two [syllables_] unaccented."--_Murray et
al. cor._ "It is proper to begin with a capital the first word of every
book, chapter, letter, note, or[553] other piece of writing."--_Jaudon's
Gram._, p. 195; _John Flint's_, 105. "Five and seven make twelve, and one
_more_ makes thirteen."--_L. Murray cor._ "I wish to cultivate a _nearer_
acquaintance with you."--_Id._ "Let us consider the means _which are
proper_ to effect our purpose." Or thus: "Let us consider _what_ means
_are_ proper to effect our purpose."--_Id._ "Yet they are of _so_ similar a
nature as readily to mix and blend."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The Latin is formed
on the same model, but _is_ more imperfect."--_Id._ "I know very well how
_great_ pains have been taken." Or thus: "I know very well how much _care
has_ been taken."--_Temple cor._ "The management of the breath requires a
_great_ deal of care."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Because the mind, during such a
momentary stupefaction, is, in a _great_ measure, if not totally,
insensible."--_Kames cor._ "Motives of reason and interest _alone_ are not
sufficient."--_Id._ "To render the composition distinct in its parts, and
on the whole _impressive_."--_Id._ "_A_ and _an_ are named _the Indefinite
article_, because they denote _indifferently any_ one thing of a
kind."--_Maunder cor._ "_The_ is named _the Definite article_, because it
points out some particular thing _or things_."--_Id._ "So much depends upon
the proper construction of sentences, that, in _any_ sort of composition,
we cannot be too strict in our attention to it." Or:--"that, in _every_
sort of composition, we _ought to be very_ strict in our attention to it."
Or:--"that, in _no_ sort of composition, _can we be_ too strict," &c.--_Dr.
Blair cor._ "_Every_ sort of declamation and public speaking was carried on
by them." Or thus: "All _sorts_ of declamation and public speaking, _were_
carried on by them."--_Id._ "The _former_ has, on many occasions, a
sublimity to which the latter never attains."--_Id._ "When the words,
_therefore, consequently, accordingly_, and the like, are used in connexion
with conjunctions, they are adverbs."--_Kirkham cor._ "Rude nations make
_few_ or no allusions to the productions of the arts."--_Jamieson cor._
"While two of her maids knelt on _each_ side of her." Or, if there were
only two maids kneeling, and not four: "While two of her maids knelt _one_
on _each_ side of her."--_Mirror cor._ "The personal pronouns _of the third
person_, differ from _one an_ other in meaning and use, as
follows."--_Bullions cor._ "It was happy for the state, that Fabius
continued in the command with _Minutius_: the phlegm _of the former_ was a
check _on_ the vivacity _of the latter_."--_L. Murray and others cor._: see
_Maunders Gram._, p. 4. "If it be objected, that the words _must_ and
_ought_, in the preceding sentences, are _both_ in the present tense." Or
thus: "If it be objected, that _in all_ the preceding sentences the words
_must_ and _ought_ are in the present tense."--_L. Murray cor._ "But it
will be well, if you turn to them now and then." Or:--"if you turn to them
_occasionally_."--_Bucke cor._ "That every part should have a dependence
on, and mutually contribute to support, _every_ other."--_Rollin cor._ "The
phrase, '_Good, my lord_,' is not common, and _is_ low." Or:--"is
_uncommon_, and low."--_Priestley cor._
"That brother should not war with brother,
And _one_ devour _or vex an_ other."--_Cowper cor._
LESSON IV.--PRONOUNS.
"If I can contribute to _our_ country's glory." Or:--"to _your glory_ and
_that of my country_."--_Goldsmith cor._ "As likewise of the several
subjects, which have in effect each _its_ verb."--_Lowth cor._ "He is
likewise required to make examples _for_ himself." Or: "He _himself_ is
likewise required to make examples."--_J. Flint cor._ "If the emphasis be
placed wrong, _it will_ pervert and confound the meaning wholly." Or: "If
the emphasis be placed wrong, the meaning _will be perverted_ and
_confounded_ wholly." Or: "If _we place_ the emphasis wrong, we pervert and
confound the meaning wholly."--_L. Murray cor._; also _Dr. Blair_. "It was
this, that characterized the great men of antiquity; it is this, _that_
must distinguish the moderns who would tread in their steps."--_Dr. Blair
cor._ "I am a great enemy to implicit faith, as well the Popish as _the_
Presbyterian; _for_, in that, _the Papists and the Presbyterians_ are
_very_ much alike."--_Barclay cor._ "Will he thence dare to say, the
apostle held _an other_ Christ than _him_ that died?"--_Id._ "_Why_ need
you be anxious about this event?" Or: "What need _have_ you to be anxious
about this event?"--_Collier cor._ "If a substantive can be placed after
the verb, _the latter_ is active."--_A. Murray cor._ "_To see_ bad men
honoured and prosperous in the world, is some discouragement to virtue."
Or: "_It_ is some discouragement to virtue, _to see_ bad men," &c.--_L.
Murray cor._ "It is a happiness to young persons, _to be_ preserved from
the snares of the world, as in a garden enclosed."--_Id._ "_At_ the court
of Queen Elizabeth, _where all_ was prudence and economy."--_Bullions cor._
"It is no wonder, if such a man did not shine at the court of Queen
Elizabeth, who was _so remarkable_ for _her_ prudence and
economy."--_Priestley, Murray, et al cor._ "A defective verb is _a verb_
that wants some parts. _The defective verbs_ are chiefly the _auxiliaries_
and _the_ impersonal verbs."--_Bullions cor._ "Some writers have given _to
the_ moods a much greater extent than _I_ have assigned to them."--_L.
Murray cor._ "The personal pronouns give _such_ information _as_ no other
words are capable of conveying."--_M'Culloch cor._ "When the article _a,
an_, or _the_, precedes the participle, _the latter_ also becomes a
noun."--_Merchant cor._ "To some of these, there is a preference to be
given, which custom and judgement must determine."--_L. Murray cor._ "Many
writers affect to subjoin to any word the preposition with which it is
compounded, or _that_ of which it _literally_ implies the idea."--_Id. and
Priestley cor._
"Say, dost thou know Vectidius? _Whom_, the wretch
Whose lands beyond the Sabines largely stretch?"--_Dryden cor._
LESSON V.--VERBS.
"We _should_ naturally expect, that the word _depend_ would require _from_
after it."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 158. "A dish which they pretend _is_
made of emerald."--_L. Murray cor._ "For the very nature of a sentence
implies _that_ one proposition _is_ expressed."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p.
311. "Without a careful attention to the sense, we _should_ be naturally
led, by the rules of syntax, to refer it to the rising and setting of the
sun."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "For any rules that can be given, on this subject,
_must be_ very general."--_Id._ "He _would be_ in the right, if eloquence
were what he conceives it to be."--_Id._ "There I _should_ prefer a more
free and diffuse manner."--_Id._ "Yet that they also _resembled one an
other, and agreed_ in certain qualities."--_Id._ "But, since he must
restore her, he insists _on having an other_ in her place."--_Id._ "But
these are far from being so frequent, or so common, as _they have_ been
supposed _to be_."--_Id._ "We are not _led_ to assign a wrong place to the
pleasant or _the_ painful feelings."--_Kames cor._ "Which are of greater
importance than _they are_ commonly thought."--_Id._ "Since these qualities
are both coarse and common, _let us_ find out the mark of a man of
probity."--_Collier cor._ "Cicero did what no man had ever done before him;
_he drew_ up a treatise of consolation for himself."--_Biographer cor._
"Then there can _remain_ no other doubt of the truth."--_Brightland cor._
"I have observed _that_ some satirists use the term." Or: "I have observed
some satirists _to_ use the term."--_Bullions cor._ "Such men are ready to
despond, or _to become_ enemies."--_Webster cor._ "Common nouns _are_ names
common to many things."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "To make ourselves _heard_ by
one to whom we address ourselves."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "That, in reading
poetry, he may be the better able to judge of its correctness, and _may_
relish its beauties." Or:--"and _to_ relish its beauties."--_L. Murray
cor._ "On the stretch to keep pace with the author, and _comprehend his
meaning_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "For it might have been sold for more than
three hundred pence, and _the money_ have been given to the poor."--_Bible
cor._ "He is a beam that _has_ departed, and _has_ left no streak of light
behind."--_Ossian cor._ "No part of this incident ought to have been
represented, but _the whole should have been_ reserved for a
narrative."--_Kames cor._ "The rulers and people debauching themselves, _a
country is brought to ruin_." Or: "_When_ the rulers and people _debauch_
themselves, _they bring_ ruin on a country."--_Ware cor._ "When _a title_,
(as _Doctor, Miss, Master_, &c.,) is prefixed to a name, the _latter only_,
of the two words, is commonly _varied to form the_ plural; as, 'The _Doctor
Nettletons_,'--'The two _Miss Hudsons_.'"--_A. Murray cor._ "Wherefore that
field _has been_ called, '_The Field of Blood_,' unto this day."--_Bible
cor._ "To comprehend the situations of other countries, which perhaps _it_
may be necessary for him to explore."--_Dr. Brown cor._ "We content
ourselves now with fewer conjunctive particles than our ancestors
_used_."--_Priestley cor._ "And who will be chiefly liable to make mistakes
where others have _erred_ before them."--_Id._ "The voice of nature _and
that of_ revelation _unite_." Or: "_Revelation and_ the voice of nature
_unite_." Or: "The voice of nature _unites with revelation_." Or: "The
voice of nature unites _with that of_ revelation."--_Wayland cor._
"This adjective, you see, we can't admit;
But, changed to 'WORSE,' _the word is_ just and fit."--_Tobitt cor._
LESSON VI.--PARTICIPLES.
"Its application is not arbitrary, _or dependent_ on the caprice of
readers."--_L. Murray cor._ "This is the more expedient, _because the work
is_ designed for the benefit of private learners."--_Id._ "A man, he tells
us, ordered by his will, to have _a statue erected_ for him."--_Dr. Blair
cor._ "From some likeness too remote, and _lying_ too far out of the road
of ordinary thought."--_Id._ "In the commercial world, money is a _fluid,
running_ from hand to hand."--_Dr. Webster cor._ "He pays much attention to
_the_ learning and singing _of_ songs."--_Id._ "I would not be understood
to consider _the_ singing _of_ songs as criminal."--_Id._ "It is a _case
decided by Cicero_, the great master of writing."--_Editor of Waller cor._
"Did they ever bear a testimony against _the_ writing _of_ books?"--
_Bates's Rep. cor._ "Exclamations are sometimes _mistaken_ for
interrogations."--_Hist. of Print, cor._ "Which cannot fail _to prove_ of
service."--_Smith cor._ "Hewn into such figures as would make them
_incorporate_ easily and firmly."--_Beat, or Mur. cor._ "_After_ the rule
and example, _there_ are practical inductive questions."--_J. Flint cor._
"I think _it_ will be an advantage, _that I have_ collected _my_ examples
from modern writings."--_Priestley cor._ "He was eager _to recommend_ it to
his fellow-citizens."--_Id. and Hume cor._ "The good lady was careful _to
serve_ me _with_ every thing."--_Id._ "No revelation would have been given,
had the light of nature been sufficient, in such a sense as to render one
_superfluous_ and useless."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "Description, again, is _a
representation which raises_ in the mind the conception of an object, by
means of some arbitrary or instituted symbols."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"Disappointing the expectation of the hearers, when they look for _an
end_." Or:--"for _the termination of_ our _discourse_."--_Id._ "There is a
distinction, which, in the use of them, is _worthy_ of attention."--
_Maunder cor._ "A model has been contrived, which is not very expensive,
and _which_ is easily managed."--_Ed. Reporter cor._ "The conspiracy was
the more easily discovered, _because the conspirators were_ many."--_L.
Murray cor._ "Nearly ten years _had_ that celebrated work _been published_,
before its importance was at all understood."--_Id._ "_That_ the _sceptre
is_ ostensibly grasped by a female hand, does not reverse the general order
of government."--_West cor._ "I have hesitated _about_ signing the
Declaration of Sentiments."--_Lib. cor._ "The prolonging of men's lives
when the world needed to be peopled, and _the subsequent_ shortening _of_
them when that necessity _had_ ceased."--_Rev. John Brown cor._ "Before the
performance commences, we _see_ displayed the insipid formalities of the
prelusive scene."--_Kirkham cor._ "It forbade the lending of money, or
_the_ sending _of_ goods, or _the_ embarking _of_ capital in anyway, in
transactions connected with that foreign traffic."--_Brougham cor._ "Even
abstract ideas have sometimes the same important _prerogative conferred_
upon them."--_Jamieson cor._ "_Ment_, like other terminations, changes _y_
into _i_, when _the y is preceded_ by a consonant."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p.
25. "The term PROPER is from the French _propre_, own, or the Latin
_proprius_; and _a Proper noun_ is _so called, because it_ is peculiar to
the individual _or family_ bearing the name. The term COMMON is from the
Latin _communis_, pertaining equally to several or many; and _a Common
noun_ is _so called, because it is common_ to every individual comprised in
the class."--_Fowler cor._
"Thus oft by mariners are _showed_ (Unless the men of Kent are liars)
Earl Godwin's castles _overflowed_, And palace-roofs, and steeple-
spires."--_Swift cor._
LESSON VII.--ADVERBS.
"He spoke to every man and woman _who was there_."--_L. Murray cor._
"Thought and language act and react upon each other."--_Murray's Key_, p.
264. "Thought and expression act _and react_ upon each other."--_Murray's
Gram._, 8vo, p. 356. "They have neither the leisure nor the means of
attaining any knowledge, except what lies within the contracted circle of
their several professions."--_Campbell's Rhet._, p. 160. "Before they are
capable of understanding _much_, or indeed any thing, of _most_ other
branches of education."--_Olney cor._ "There is _no_ more beauty in one of
them, than in _an other_."--_L. Murray cor._ "Which appear to be
constructed according to _no_ certain rule."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The
vehement manner of speaking became _less_ universal."--Or better:--"_less
general_."--_Id._ "_Not_ all languages, however, agree in this mode of
expression." Or: "This mode of expression, however, _is not common to all_
languages."--_Id._ "The great occasion of setting _apart_ this particular
day."--_Atterbury cor._ "He is much more promising now, than _he was_
formerly."--_L. Murray cor._ "They are placed before a participle, _without
dependence_ on the rest of the sentence."--_Id._ "This opinion _does not
appear to have been_ well considered." Or: "This opinion appears to _have
been formed without due consideration_."--_Id._ "Precision in language
merits a full explication; and _merits it_ the more, because distinct ideas
are, perhaps, _but rarely_ formed _concerning_ it."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "In
the more sublime parts of poetry, he is _less_ distinguished." Or:--"he is
not so _highly_ distinguished."--_Id._ "_Whether_ the author was altogether
happy in the choice of his subject, may be questioned."--_Id._ "But, _with
regard to this matter_ also, there is a great error in the common
practice."--_Webster cor._ "This order is the very order of the human mind,
which makes things we are sensible of, a means to come at those that are
not _known_." Or:--"which makes things _that_ are _already known, its_
means _of finding out_ those that are not so."--_Foreman cor._ "Now, who is
not discouraged, and _does not fear_ want, when he has no money?"--_C.
Leslie cor._ "Which the authors of this work consider of little or no
use."--_Wilbur and Liv. cor._ "And here indeed the distinction between
these two classes begins to be _obscure_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "But this is a
manner which deserves to be _avoided_." Or:--"which _does not deserve_ to
be imitated."--_Id._ "And, in this department, a person effects _very_
little, _whenever_ he attempts too much."--_Campbell and Murray cor._ "The
verb that signifies _mere_ being, is neuter."--_Ash cor._ "I hope to tire
_but little_ those whom I shall not happen to please."--_Rambler cor._ "Who
were utterly unable to pronounce some letters, and _who pronounced_ others
very indistinctly."--_Sheridan cor._ "The learner may point out the active,
passive, and neuter verbs in the following examples, and state the reasons
_for thus distinguishing them_." Or: "The learner may point out the active,
_the_ passive, and _the_ neuter verbs in the following examples, and state
the reasons _for calling them so_."--_C. Adams cor._ "These words are
_almost_ always conjunctions."--_Barrett cor._
"_How glibly_ nonsense trickles from his tongue!
How sweet the periods, neither said nor sung!"--_Pope cor._
LESSON VIII.--CONJUNCTIONS.
"Who, at least, either knew not, _or did not love_ to make, a distinction."
Or better thus: "Who, at least, either knew _no distinction_, or _did not
like_ to make _any_."--_Dr. Murray cor._ "It is childish in the last degree
_to let_ this become the ground of estranged affection."--_L. Murray cor._
"When the regular, _and when_ the irregular verb, is to be preferred
[sic--KTH], p. 107."--_Id._ "The books were to have been sold this day."
Or:--"_on_ this day."--_Priestley cor._ "Do, _an_ you will." Or: "Do, _if_
you will."--_Shak. cor._ "If a man had a positive idea _either_ of infinite
duration or _of infinite_ space, he could add two infinites together." Or:
"If a man had a positive idea of _what is_ infinite, either _in_ duration
or _in_ space, he could," &c.--_Murray's proof-text cor._ "None shall more
willingly agree _to_ and advance the same _than_ I."--_Morton cor._ "That
it cannot _but_ be hurtful to continue it."--_Barclay cor._ "A conjunction
joins words _or_ sentences."--_Beck cor._ "The copulative conjunction
connects words _or_ sentences together, and continues the sense."--_Frost
cor._ "The _copulative_ conjunction serves to connect [_words or clauses_,]
_and_ continue a sentence, by expressing an addition, a cause, or a
supposition."--_L. Murray cor._ "All construction is either true or
apparent; or, in other words, _either literal or_ figurative."--_Buchanan
and Brit. Gram. cor._ "But the divine character is such _as_ none but a
divine hand could draw." Or: "But the divine character is such, _that_ none
but a divine hand could draw _it_."--_A. Keith cor._ "Who is so mad, that,
on inspecting the heavens, _he_ is insensible of a God?"--_Gibbons cor._
"It is now submitted to an enlightened public, with little _further_ desire
on the part of the _author_, than for its general utility."--_Town cor._
"This will sufficiently explain _why_ so many provincials have grown old in
the capital without making any change in their original dialect."--
_Sheridan cor._ "Of these, they had chiefly three in general use, which
were denominated ACCENTS, the term _being_ used in the plural
number."--_Id._ "And this is one of the chief reasons _why_ dramatic
representations have ever held the first rank amongst the diversions of
mankind."--_Id._ "Which is the chief reason _why_ public reading is in
general so disgusting."--_Id._ "At the same time _in which_ they learn to
read." Or: "_While_ they learn to read."--_Id._ "He is always to pronounce
his words with _exactly_ the same accent that he _uses in
speaking_."--_Id._ "In order to know what _an other_ knows, and in the same
manner _in which_ he knows it."--_Id._ "For the same reason _for which_ it
is, in a more limited state, assigned to the several tribes of
animals."--_Id._ "Were there masters to teach this, in the same manner _in
which_ other arts are taught." Or: "Were there masters to teach this, _as_
other arts are taught."--_Id._
"Whose own example strengthens all his laws;
_Who_ is himself that great sublime he draws."--_Pope cor._
LESSON IX.--PREPOSITIONS.
"The word _so_ has sometimes the same meaning _as_ ALSO, LIKEWISE, _or_ THE
SAME."--_Priestley cor._ "The verb _use_ relates not to 'pleasures of the
imagination;' but to the terms _fancy_ and _imagination_, which he was to
employ as synonymous."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "It never can view, clearly and
distinctly, _more than_ one object at a time."--_Id._ "This figure
[Euphemism] is often the same _as_ the Periphrasis."--_Adam and Gould cor._
"All the _intermediate_ time _between_ youth and old age."--_W. Walker
cor._ "When one thing is said to act _upon an other_, or do something to
_it_."--_Lowth cor._ "Such a composition has as much of meaning in it, as a
mummy has _of_ life." Or: "Such a composition has as much meaning in it, as
a mummy has life."--_Lit. Conv. cor._ "That young men, from fourteen to
eighteen _years of age_, were not the best judges."--_Id._ "This day is a
day of trouble, and of rebuke, and _of_ blasphemy."--_Isaiah_, xxxvii, 3.
"Blank verse has the same pauses and accents _that occur in_
rhyme."--_Kames cor._ "In prosody, long syllables are distinguished by _the
macron_ (¯); and short ones by what is called _the breve_ (~)."--_Bucke
cor._ "Sometimes both articles are left out, especially _from_
poetry."--_Id._ "_From_ the following example, the pronoun and participle
are omitted." Or: "In the following example, the pronoun and participle are
_not expressed_."--_L. Murray cor._ [But the example was faulty. Say.]
"Conscious of his weight and importance,"--or, "_Being_ conscious of his
own weight and importance, _he did_ not _solicit_ the aid of
others."--_Id._ "He was an excellent person; _even in his_ early youth, a
mirror of _the_ ancient faith."--_Id._ "The carrying _of_ its several parts
into execution."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "Concord is the agreement which one
word has _with_ an other, in gender, number, case, _or_ person."--_L.
Murray's Gram._, p. 142. "It might perhaps have given me a greater taste
_for_ its antiquities."--_Addison cor._ "To call _on_ a person, and to wait
_on_ him."--_Priestley cor._ "The great difficulty they found in fixing
just sentiments."--_Id. and Hume cor._ "Developing the _differences of_ the
three."--_James Brown cor._ "When the singular ends in x, ch soft, sh, ss,
or s, we add _es to form_ the plural."--_L. Murray cor._ "We shall present
him a list or specimen of them." "It is very common to hear of the evils of
pernicious reading, how it enervates the mind, or how it depraves the
principles."--_Dymond cor._ "In this example, the verb _arises_ is
understood before 'curiosity' and _before_ 'knowledge.'"--_L. Murray et al.
cor._ "The connective is frequently omitted, _when_ several words _have the
same construction_."--_Wilcox cor._ "He shall expel them from before you,
and drive them _out from_ your sight."--_Bible cor._ "Who makes his sun
_to_ shine and his rain to descend, upon the just and the unjust." Or thus:
"Who makes his sun shine, and his rain descend, upon the just and the
unjust."--_M'Ilvaine cor._
LESSON X.--MIXED EXAMPLES.
"This sentence violates _an established rule_ of grammar."--_L. Murray
cor._ "The words _thou_ and _shall_ are again reduced to _syllables of_
short _quantity_."--_Id._ "Have the _greatest_ men always been the most
popular? By no means."--_Lieber cor._ "St. Paul positively stated, that 'He
_that loveth an other, hath_ fulfilled the law.'"--_Rom._, xiii, 8. "More
_organs_ than one _are_ concerned in the utterance of almost every
consonant."--_M'Culloch cor._ "If the reader will pardon _me for_
descending so low."--_Campbell cor._ "To adjust them in _such a manner_ as
shall consist equally with the perspicuity and the grace of the period."
Or: "To adjust them so, _that they_ shall consist equally," &c.--_Dr. Blair
and L. Mur. cor._ "This class exhibits a lamentable inefficiency, and _a
great_ want of simplicity."--_Gardiner cor._ "Whose style, _in all its
course_, flows like a limpid stream, _through which_ we see to the very
bottom."--_Dr. Blair cor._; also _L. Murray_. "We _admit various
ellipses_." Or thus: "An _ellipsis_, or _omission_, of some words, is
frequently admitted."--_Lennie's Gram._, p. 116. "The ellipsis, of
_articles may occur_ thus."--_L. Murray cor._ "Sometimes the _article a_ is
improperly applied to nouns of different numbers; as, 'A magnificent house
and gardens.'"--_Id._ "In some very emphatical expressions, _no_ ellipsis
should be _allowed_."--_Id._ "_Ellipses_ of the adjective _may happen_ in
the following manner."--_Id._ "The following _examples show that there may
be an_ ellipsis of the pronoun."--_Id._ "_Ellipses_ of the verb _occur_ in
the following instances."--_Id._ "_Ellipses_ of the adverb _may occur_ in
the following manner."--_Id._ "The following _brief expressions are all of
them elliptical_." [554]--_Id._ "If no emphasis be placed on any words, not
only will discourse be rendered heavy and lifeless, but the meaning _will_
often _be left_ ambiguous."--_Id._; also _J. S. Hart and Dr. Blair cor._
"He regards his word, but thou dost not _regard thine_."--_Bullions,
Murray, et al., cor._ "I have learned my task, but you have not _learned
yours_."--_Iid._ "When the omission of a word would obscure the _sense_,
weaken _the expression_, or be attended with impropriety, _no ellipsis_
must be _indulged_."--_Murray and Weld cor._ "And therefore the verb is
correctly put in the singular number, and refers to _them all_ separately
and individually considered."--_L. Murray cor._ "_He was to me the most
intelligible_ of all who spoke on the subject."--_Id._ "I understood him
better than _I did_ any other who spoke on the _subject_."--_Id._ "The
roughness found on the entrance into the paths of virtue and learning
_decreases_ as we advance." Or: "The _roughnesses encountered in_ the paths
of virtue and learning _diminish_ as we advance."--_Id._ "_There is_
nothing _which more_ promotes knowledge, than _do_ steady application and
_habitual_ observation."--_Id._ "Virtue confers _on man the highest_
dignity _of which he is capable; it_ should _therefore_ be _the chief
object of_ his desire."--_Id. and Merchant cor._ "The supreme Author of our
being has so formed _the human soul_, that nothing but himself can be its
last, adequate, and proper happiness."--_Addison and Blair cor._ "The
inhabitants of China laugh at the plantations of our Europeans: 'Because,'
_say they_, 'any one may place trees in equal rows and uniform
figures.'"--_Iid._ "The divine laws are not _to be reversed_ by those of
men."--_L. Murray cor._ "In both of these examples, the relative _which_
and the verb _was_ are understood."--_Id. et al. cor._ "The Greek and Latin
languages, though for many reasons they cannot be called dialects of one
_and the same tongue_, are nevertheless closely connected."--_Dr. Murray
cor._ "To ascertain and settle _whether_ a white rose or a red breathes the
sweetest fragrance." Or thus: "To ascertain and settle which _of the two_
breathes the _sweeter_ fragrance, a white rose or a red _one_."--_J. Q.
Adams cor._ "To which he can afford to devote _but little_ of his time and
labour."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"Avoid extremes; and shun the fault of such
_As_ still are pleased too little or too much."--_Pope cor._
LESSON XI.--OF BAD PHRASES.
"He _might as well_ leave his vessel to the direction of the
winds."--_South cor._ "Without good-nature and gratitude, men _might as
well_ live in a wilderness as in society."--_L'Estrange cor._ "And, for
this reason, such lines _very seldom_ occur together."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"His _greatness_ did not make him _happy_."--_Crombie cor._ "Let that which
tends to _cool_ your love, be judged in all."--_Crisp cor._ "It is _worth_
observing, that there is no passion in the mind of man so weak but it mates
and masters the fear of death."--_Bacon cor._ "Accent dignifies the
syllable on which it is laid, and makes it more _audible_ than the
rest."--_Sheridan and Murray cor._ "Before he proceeds to argue on _either_
side."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The _general_ change of manners, throughout
Europe."--_Id._ "The sweetness and beauty of Virgil's numbers, _through
all_ his works."--_Id._ "The French writers of sermons, study neatness and
elegance in _the division of their discourses._"--_Id._ "This _seldom_
fails to prove a refrigerant to passion."--_Id._ "_But_ their fathers,
brothers, and uncles, cannot, as good relations and good citizens, _excuse
themselves for_ not standing forth to demand vengeance."--_Murray's
Sequel_, p. 114. "Alleging, that their _decrial_ of the church of Rome, was
a _uniting_ with the Turks."--_Barclay cor._ "To which is added the
Catechism _by the_ Assembly of Divines."--_N. E. Prim. cor._ "This
treachery was always present in _the thoughts of both of them_."--
_Robertson cor._ "Thus far their words agree." Or: "Thus far _the words of
both_ agree."--_W. Walker cor._ "Aparithmesis is _an_ enumeration _of the_
several parts of what, _as a whole_, might be expressed in few
words."--_Gould cor._ "Aparithmesis, or Enumeration, is _a figure in which_
what might be expressed in a few words, is branched out into several
parts."--_Dr. Adam cor._ "Which may sit from time to time, where you dwell,
or in the vicinity."--_J. O. Taylor cor._ "Place together a _large-sized
animal and a small one_, of the same species." Or: "Place together a large
and a small animal of the same species."--_Kames cor._ "The weight of the
swimming body is equal to that of the quantity of fluid displaced by
it."--_Percival cor._ "The Subjunctive mood, in all its tenses, is similar
to the Optative."--_Gwilt cor._ "No feeling of obligation remains, except
that of _an obligation to_ fidelity."--_Wayland cor._ "Who asked him _why_
whole audiences should be moved to tears at the representation of some
story on the stage."--_Sheridan cor._ "_Are you not ashamed_ to affirm that
the best works of the Spirit of Christ in his saints are as filthy
rags?"--_Barclay cor._ "A neuter verb becomes active, when followed by a
noun of _kindred_ signification."--_Sanborn cor._ "But he has judged better
in _forbearing_ to repeat the article _the_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Many
objects please us, _and are thought_ highly beautiful, which have _scarcely
any_ variety at all."--_Id._ "Yet they sometimes follow them."--_Emmons
cor._ "For I know of nothing more _important_ in the whole subject, than
this doctrine of mood and tense."--_R. Johnson cor._ "It is by no means
impossible for an _error_ to be _avoided_ or _suppressed_."--_Philol.
Museum cor._ "These are things of the highest importance to _children and
youth_."--_Murray cor._ "He _ought to_ have omitted the word _many_." Or:
"He _might_ better have omitted the word _many_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Which
_might_ better have been separated." Or: "Which _ought rather to_ have been
separated."--_Id._ "Figures and metaphors, therefore, should _never_ be
_used_ profusely."--_Id. and Jam. cor._ "Metaphors, _or_ other figures,
should _never_ be _used in_ too _great abundance_."--_Murray and Russell
cor._ "Something like this has been _alleged against_ Tacitus."--
_Bolingbroke cor._
"O thou, whom all mankind in vain withstand,
_Who with the blood of each_ must one day stain thy hand!"
--_Sheffield cor._
LESSON XII.--OF TWO ERRORS.
"Pronouns sometimes precede the _terms_ which they represent."--_L. Murray
cor._ "Most prepositions originally _denoted relations_ of place."--_Lowth
cor._ "WHICH is applied to _brute_ animals, and _to_ things without
life."--_Bullions cor._ "What _thing_ do they describe, or _of what do
they_ tell the kind?"--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "Iron _cannons_, as well as
brass, _are_ now universally cast solid."--_Jamieson cor._ "We have
philosophers, _more_ eminent perhaps _than those of_ any _other_
nation."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "This is a question about words _only_, and
_one_ which common sense easily determines."--_Id._ "The low pitch of the
voice, is _that which_ approaches to a whisper."--_Id._ "Which, as to the
effect, is just the same _as to use_ no such distinctions at all."--_Id._
"These two systems, therefore, _really_ differ from _each_ other _but_ very
little."--_Id._ "It _is_ needless to give many instances, as _examples_
occur so often."--_Id._ "There are many occasions _on which_ this is
neither requisite nor proper."--_Id._ "Dramatic poetry divides itself into
two forms, comedy _and_ tragedy."--_Id._ "No man ever rhymed _with more
exactness_ than he." [I.e., than Roscommon.]--_Editor of Waller cor._ "The
Doctor did not reap from his poetical labours a _profit_ equal to _that_ of
his prose."--_Johnson cor._ "We will follow that which we _find_ our
fathers _practised_." Or: "We will follow that which we _find to have been_
our _fathers'_ practice."--_Sale cor._ "And I _should_ deeply regret _that
I had_ published them."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "Figures exhibit ideas _with
more vividness and power_, than could be _given them_ by plain
language."--_Kirkham cor._ "The allegory is finely drawn, _though_ the
heads _are_ various."--_Spect. cor._ "I should not have thought it worthy
_of this_ place." Or: "I should not have thought it worthy _of being
placed_ here."--_Crombie cor._ "In this style, Tacitus excels all _other_
writers, ancient _or_ modern."--_Kames cor._ "No _other_ author, ancient or
modern, possesses the art of dialogue _so completely as_ Shakspeare."--
_Id._ "The names of _all the things_ we see, hear, smell, taste, _or_ feel,
are nouns."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor. "Of_ what number are _the expressions_,
'these boys,' 'these pictures,' &c.?"--_Id._ "This sentence _has faults_
somewhat _like those_ of the last."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Besides perspicuity,
he pursues propriety, purity, and precision, in his language; which
_qualities form_ one degree, and no inconsiderable one, of beauty."--_Id._
"Many critical terms have unfortunately been employed in a sense too loose
and vague; none _with less precision_, than _the word_ sublime."--_Id._
"Hence no word in the language is used _with_ a more vague signification,
than _the word_ beauty."--_Id._ "But still, _in speech_, he made use of
general terms _only_."--_Id._ "These give life, body, and colouring, to the
_facts recited_; and enable us to _conceive of_ them as present, and
passing before our eyes."--_Id._ "Which carried an ideal chivalry to a
still more extravagant height, than _the adventurous spirit of knighthood_
had _ever attained_ in fact."--_Id._ "We write much more supinely, and
_with far less labour_, than _did_ the ancients."--_Id._ "This appears
indeed to form the characteristical difference between the ancient poets,
orators, and historians, _and_ the modern."--_Id._ "To violate this rule,
as the English too often _do, shows_ great incorrectness."--_Id._ "It is
impossible, by means of any _training_, to _prevent them from_ appearing
stiff and forced."--_Id. "And it also gives to_ the speaker the
disagreeable _semblance_ of one who endeavours to compel assent."--_Id._
"And _whenever_ a light or ludicrous anecdote is proper to be recorded, it
is generally better to throw it into a note, than to _run the_ hazard _of_
becoming too familiar."--_Id. "It is_ the great business of this life, to
prepare and qualify _ourselves_ for the enjoyment of a better."--_L. Murray
cor. "From_ some dictionaries, accordingly, it was omitted; and in others
_it is_ stigmatized as a barbarism."--_Crombie cor._ "You cannot see a
thing, or think of _one, the name of which is not_ a noun."--_Mack cor.
"All_ the fleet _have_ arrived, and _are_ moored in safety." Or better:
"The _whole_ fleet _has_ arrived, and _is_ moored in safety."--_L. Murray
cor._
LESSON XIII.--OF TWO ERRORS.
"They have _severally_ their distinct and exactly-limited _relations_ to
gravity."--_Hasler cor._ "But _where the additional s_ would give too much
of the hissing sound, the omission takes place even in prose."--_L. Murray
cor._ "After _o_, it [the _w_] is sometimes not sounded at all; _and_
sometimes _it is sounded_ like a single _u_."--_Lowth cor._ "It is
situation chiefly, _that_ decides the _fortunes_ and characters of
men."--_Hume cor._; also _Murray_. "The vice of covetousness is _that_
[vice] _which_ enters _more deeply_ into the soul than any other."--_Murray
et al. cor. "Of all vices_, covetousness enters the _most deeply_ into the
soul."--_Iid._ "_Of all the vices_, covetousness is _that which_ enters the
_most deeply_ into the soul."--_Campbell cor._ "The vice of covetousness is
_a fault which_ enters _more deeply_ into the soul _than_ any
other."--_Guardian cor._ "WOULD primarily denotes inclination of will; and
SHOULD, obligation: but _they_ vary their import, and are often used to
express simple _events_." Or:--"but _both of them_ vary their import," &c.
Or:--"but _both_ vary their import, and are used to express simple
_events_."--_Lowth, Murray, et al. cor._; also _Comly and Ingersoll_;
likewise _Abel Flint_. "A double _condition_, in two correspondent clauses
of a sentence, is sometimes made _by the word_ HAD; as, '_Had_ he done
this, he _had_ escaped.'"--_Murray and Ingersoll cor._ "The pleasures of
the understanding are preferable to those of the imagination, _as well as
to those_ of sense."--_L. Murray cor._ "Claudian, in a fragment upon the
wars of the giants, has contrived to render this idea of their throwing
_of_ the mountains, which in itself _has so much grandeur_, burlesque and
ridiculous."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "To which not only no other writings are to
be preferred, but _to which_, even in divers respects, _none are_
comparable."--_Barclay cor._ "To distinguish them in the understanding, and
treat of their several natures, in the same cool manner _that_ we _use_
with regard to other ideas."--_Sheridan cor._ "For it has nothing to do
with parsing, or _the_ analyzing _of_ language."--_Kirkham cor._ Or: "For
it has nothing to do with _the_ parsing, or analyzing, _of_
language."--_Id._ "Neither _has_ that language [the Latin] _ever been_ so
_common_ in Britain."--_Swift cor._ "All that I _purpose_, is, _to give_
some openings into the pleasures of taste."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "But the
following sentences would have been better _without it_."--_L. Murray cor._
"But I think the following sentence _would_ be better _without it_." Or:
"But I think it _should be expunged from_ the following sentence."--
_Priestley cor._ "They appear, in this case, like _ugly_ excrescences
jutting out from the body."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "And therefore the fable of
the Harpies, in the third book of the Æneid, and the allegory of Sin and
Death, in the second book of Paradise Lost, _ought not to have been
inserted_ in these celebrated poems."--_Id._ "Ellipsis is an elegant
suppression, or _omission_, of _some_ word or words, _belonging to_ a
sentence."--_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ "The article A or AN _is not
very proper_ in this construction."--_D. Blair cor._ "Now suppose the
articles had not been _dropped from_ these passages."--_Bucke cor._ "To
_have given_ a separate _name_ to every one of those trees, would have been
an endless and impracticable undertaking."--_Blair cor._ "_Ei_, in general,
_has_ the same _sound_ as long and slender _a_." Or better: "_Ei generally
has_ the _sound of_ long _or_ slender _a_."--_L. Murray cor._ "When a
conjunction is used _with apparent redundance, the insertion of it_ is
called Polysyndeton."--_Adam and Gould cor._ "EACH, EVERY, EITHER, _and_
NEITHER, denote the persons or things _that_ make up a number, as taken
separately or distributively."--_M'Culloch cor._ "The principal sentence
must be expressed by _a verb_ in the indicative, imperative, or potential
_mood_"--_S. W. Clark cor._ "Hence he is diffuse, where he ought to _be
urgent_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "All _sorts_ of subjects admit of _explanatory_
comparisons."--_Id. et al. cor._ "The present or imperfect participle
denotes being, action, _or passion_, continued, _and_ not
perfected."--_Kirkham cor._ "What are verbs? Those words which _chiefly_
express what _is said of things_."--_Fowle cor._
"Of all those arts in which the wise excel,
_The very_ masterpiece is _writing-well_."--_Sheffield cor._
"Such was that muse whose rules and practice tell,
_That art's_ chief masterpiece is _writing-well_."--_Pope cor._
LESSON XIV.--OF THREE ERRORS.
"_From_ some words, the metaphorical sense has justled out the original
sense altogether; so that, in respect _to the latter_, they _have_ become
obsolete."--_Campbell cor._ "_Surely_, never any _other_ mortal was so
overwhelmed with grief, as I am at this present _moment_."--_Sheridan cor._
"All languages differ from _one an_ other in their _modes_ of
_inflection_."--_Bullions cor._ "_The noun_ and _the verb_ are the only
indispensable parts of speech: the one, to express the subject spoken of;
and the other, the predicate, or what is affirmed of _the
subject_."--_M'Culloch cor._ "The words _Italicized in_ the _last three_
examples, perform the office of substantives."--_L. Murray cor._ "A
sentence _so constructed_ is always _a_ mark of _carelessness in the
writer_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Nothing is more hurtful to the grace or _the_
vivacity of a period, than superfluous _and_ dragging words at the
conclusion."--_Id._ "When its substantive is not _expressed with_ it, but
_is_ referred to, _being_ understood."--_Lowth cor._ "Yet they _always_
have _substantives_ belonging to them, either _expressed_ or
understood."--_Id._ "Because they define and limit the _import_ of the
common _names_, or general _terms_, to which they refer."--_Id._ "Every new
object surprises _them_, terrifies _them_, and makes a strong impression on
their _minds_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "His argument required _a_ more _full
development_, in order to be distinctly apprehended, and to _have_ its due
force."--_Id._ "_Those_ participles which are derived from
_active-transitive_ verbs, will govern the objective case, as _do_ the
verbs from which they are derived."--_Emmons cor._ "Where, _in violation
of_ the rule, the objective case _whom_ follows the verb, _while_ the
nominative _I_ precedes _it_."--_L. Murray cor._ "_To use, after_ the same
conjunction, both the indicative and the subjunctive _mood_, in the same
sentence, and _under_ the same circumstances, seems to be a great
impropriety."--_Lowth, Murray, et al. cor._ "A nice discernment of _the
import of words_, and _an_ accurate attention to the best usage, are
necessary on these occasions."--_L. Murray cor._ "The Greeks and Romans,
the former especially, were, in truth, much more musical than we _are_;
their genius was more turned to _take_ delight in the melody of
speech."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "_In general, if_ the sense admits it _early_,
the sooner _a circumstance is introduced_, the better; that the more
important and significant words may possess the last place, _and be_ quite
disencumbered."--_Murray et al. cor._; also _Blair and Jamieson_. "Thus we
find it in _both_ the Greek and _the_ Latin _tongue_."--_Dr. Blair cor._
"_Several_ sentences, constructed in the same manner, and _having_ the same
number of members, should never be allowed to _come in succession_."--
_Blair et al. cor._ "I proceed to lay down the rules to be observed in the
conduct of metaphors; and _these, with little variation, will be applicable
to_ tropes of every kind."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "By _selecting_ words _with_ a
proper _regard to their sounds_, we may _often imitate_ other sounds which
we mean to describe."--_Dr. Blair and L. Mur. cor._ "The disguise can
_scarcely_ be so perfect _as to deceive_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The sense
_does not admit_ of _any_ other pause, than _one_ after the second syllable
'sit;' _this_ therefore must be the only pause made in the reading."--_Id._
"Not that I believe North America to _have been first_ peopled so _lately_
as _in_ the twelfth century, the period of Madoc's migration."--_Webster
cor._ "Money and commodities _will_ always flow to that country _in which_
they are most wanted, and _in which they will_ command the most
profit."--_Id._ "That it contains no visible marks of _certain_ articles
which are _of_ the _utmost importance_ to a just delivery."--_Sheridan
cor._ "And _Virtue_, from _her_ beauty, we call a fair and favourite
maid."--_Mack cor._ "The definite article may _relate to_ nouns _of either_
number."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._
LESSON XV.--OF MANY ERRORS.
(1.) "Compound _words are_[, by L. Murray and others, improperly] included
_among the derivatives_."--_L. Murray corrected._ (2.) "_The_ Apostrophe,
_placed above the line_, thus ', is used to abbreviate or shorten _words.
But_ its chief use is, to _denote_ the _possessive_ case of nouns."--_Id._
(3.) "_The_ Hyphen, _made_ thus -, _connects the parts of compound_ words.
It is also used when a word is divided."--_Id._ (4.) "The Acute Accent,
_made_ thus ´, _denotes the syllable on which stress is laid, and sometimes
also, that the vowel is short_: as, '_Fáncy_.' The Grave _Accent, made_
thus `, _usually denotes, (when applied to English words,) that the stress
is laid where a vowel ends the syllable_: as, '_Fàvour_.'"--_Id._ (5.) "The
stress is laid on long _vowels or_ syllables, and on short _ones_,
indiscriminately. In order to distinguish the _long or open vowels_ from
the _close or short ones_, some writers of dictionaries have placed the
grave _accent_ on the former, and the acute on the latter."--_Id._ (6.)
"_The_ Diæresis, thus _made_ ¨, _is_ placed over one of two _contiguous_
vowels, _to show that they are not_ a diphthong."--_Id._ (7.) "_The_
Section, _made_ thus §, is _sometimes used to mark the subdivisions_ of a
discourse or chapter."--_Id._ (8.) "_The_ Paragraph, _made thus_ ¶,
_sometimes_ denotes the beginning of a new subject, or _of_ a _passage_ not
connected with the _text preceding_. This character is _now seldom_ used
[_for such a purpose_], _except_ in the Old and New Testaments." Or
better:--"except in the _Bible_."--_Id._ (9.) "_The_ Quotation _Points,
written thus_ " ", _mark_ the beginning _and the end_ of _what_ is quoted
or transcribed from _some_ speaker or author, in his own words. In type,
they are inverted commas at the beginning, _apostrophes_ at the
conclusion."--_Id._ (10.) "_The_ Brace _was formerly_ used in poetry at the
end of a triplet, or _where_ three lines _rhymed together in heroic verse;
it_ also _serves_ to connect _several terms_ with one, _when the one is
common to all_, and _thus_ to prevent a repetition _of the_ common
term."--_Id._ (11.) "_Several_ asterisks _put together_, generally denote
the omission of some _letters belonging to_ a word, or of some bold or
indelicate expression; _but sometimes they imply a_ defect in the
manuscript _from which the text is copied_."--_Id._ (12.) "_The_ Ellipsis,
_made thus_ ----, _or thus_ ****, is used _where_ some letters _of_ a word,
or some words _of_ a verse, are omitted."--_Id._ (13.) "_The_ Obelisk,
which is _made_ thus [Obelisk]; and _the_ Parallels, _which are made_ thus
||; _and sometimes_ the letters of the alphabet; and _also the Arabic_
figures; are used as references to _notes in_ the margin, or _at the_
bottom, of the page."--_Id._ (14.) "_The_ note of interrogation should not
be employed, where it is only said _that_ a question has been asked, and
where the words are not used as a question; _as_, 'The Cyprians asked me
why I wept.'"--_Id. et al. cor._ (15.) "_The note_ of interrogation is
improper after _mere_ expressions of admiration, or of _any_ other emotion,
_though they may bear the form of_ questions."--_Iid._ (16.) "The
parenthesis incloses _something which is thrown_ into the body of a
sentence, _in an under tone; and_ which affects neither the sense, nor the
construction, _of the main text_."--_Lowth cor._ (17.) "Simple members
connected by _a relative not used restrictively, or by a conjunction that
implies comparison_, are for the most part _divided_ by _the_
comma."--_Id._ (18.) "Simple members, _or_ sentences, connected _as terms
of comparison_, are for the most part _separated_ by _the_ comma."--_L.
Murray et al. cor._ (19.) "Simple sentences connected by _a comparative
particle_, are for the most part _divided_ by the comma."--_Russell cor._
(20.) "Simple sentences _or clauses_ connected _to form a comparison_,
should generally be _parted_ by _the_ comma."--_Merchant cor._ (21.) "The
simple members of sentences that express contrast or comparison, should
generally be divided by _the_ comma."--_Jaudon cor._ (22.) "_The_ simple
members of _a comparative sentence, when_ they _are_ long, are separated by
a comma."--_Cooper cor._ (23.) "Simple sentences connected _to form a
comparison, or_ phrases placed in opposition, or contrast, are _usually_
separated by _the comma_."--_Hiley and Bullions cor._ (24.) "On _whichever_
word we lay the emphasis,--whether on the first, _the_ second, _the_ third,
or _the_ fourth,--_every change of it_ strikes out a different sense."--_L.
Murray cor._ (25.) "To _say to_ those who do not understand sea phrases,
'We tacked to the larboard, and stood off to sea,' would _give them little
or no information_."--_Murray and Hiley cor._ (26.) "Of _those_
dissyllables which are _sometimes_ nouns and _sometimes_ verbs, _it may be
observed, that_ the verb _is_ commonly _accented_ on the latter _syllable_,
and the noun on the former."--_L. Murray cor._ (27.) "And this gives _to_
our language _an_ advantage _over_ most others, in the poetical _or_
rhetorical style."--_Id. et al. cor._ (28.) "And this gives _to_ the
English _language_ an advantage _over_ most _others_, in the poetical and
_the_ rhetorical style."--_Lowth cor._ (29.) "The second and _the_ third
scholar may read the same sentence; or as many _may repeat the text_, as
_are_ necessary to _teach_ it perfectly to the whole _class_."--_Osborn
cor._
(30.) "Bliss is the _same_, in subject, _or in_ king,
In who obtain defence, or who defend."
--_Pope's Essay on Man_, IV, 58.
LESSON XVI.--OF MANY ERRORS.
"The Japanese, the Tonquinese, and the _Coreans_, speak languages
_differing_ from one _an other_, and from _that of_ the inhabitants of
China; _while all_ use the same written characters, and, by means _of
them_, correspond intelligibly with _one an_ other in writing, though
ignorant of the language spoken _by their correspondents_: a plain proof,
that the Chinese characters are like hieroglyphics, _and essentially_
independent of language."--_Jamieson cor._; also _Dr. Blair_. "The curved
line, _in stead_ of _remaining_ round, is _changed to a_ square _one_, for
the reason _before mentioned_."--_Knight cor._ "Every _reader_ should
content himself with the use of those tones only, that he is habituated to
in speech; and _should_ give _to the words no_ other emphasis, _than_ what
he would _give_ to the same words, in discourse. [Or, perhaps the author
meant:--and _should_ give _to the emphatic words no_ other _intonation,
than_ what he would _give_, &c.] Thus, whatever he utters, will be
_delivered_ with ease, and _will_ appear natural."--_Sheridan cor._ "_A
stop_, or _pause, is_ a total cessation of sound, during a perceptible,
and, in _musical or poetical_ compositions, a measurable space of time."--_
Id._ "Pauses, or rests, in speaking _or_ reading, are total _cessations_ of
the voice, during perceptible, and, in many cases, measurable _spaces_ of
time."--_L. Murray et al. cor._ "_Those derivative_ nouns which _denote_
small _things_ of the kind _named by their primitives_, are called
Diminutive Nouns: as, lambkin, hillock, satchel, gosling; from lamb, hill,
sack, goose."--_Bullions cor._ "_Why is it_, that nonsense so often escapes
_detection, its character not being perceived either_ by the writer _or_ by
the reader?"--_Campbell cor._ "An Interjection is a word used to express
sudden emotion. _Interjections_ are so called, because they are generally
thrown in between the parts of _discourse, and have no_ reference to the
structure of _those_ parts."--_M'Culloch_ cor. "_The verb_ OUGHT _has no
other inflection than_ OUGHTEST, _and this is nearly obsolete_."--
_Macintosh cor._ "But the _arrangement_, government, _and_ agreement _of
words_, and _also their_ dependence upon _others_, are referred to our
reason."--_Osborn cor._ "ME is a personal pronoun, _of the_ first person,
singular _number_, and _objective_ case."--_Guy cor._ "The _noun_ SELF is
_usually_ added to a pronoun; as, herself, himself, &c. _The compounds_
thus _formed are_ called reciprocal _pronouns_."--_ Id._ "One cannot _but
think_, that our author _would have_ done better, _had he_ begun the first
of these three sentences, with saying, '_It_ is novelty, _that_ bestows
charms on a monster.'"--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The idea which they present to
us, of _nature_ resembling art, of _art_ considered as an original, and
nature as a copy, seems not very distinct, _or_ well _conceived_, nor
indeed very material to our author's purpose."--_Id._ "_This faulty_
construction of the sentence, _evidently arose from haste and
carelessness_."--_Id._ "Adverbs serve to modify _terms_ of action or
quality, or to denote time, place, order, degree, _or_ some _other
circumstance_ which we have occasion to specify."--_Id._ "We may naturally
expect, _that_ the more any nation is improved by science, and the more
perfect _its_ language becomes, _the_ more will _that language_ abound with
connective particles."--_Id._ "Mr. Greenleaf's book is _far better_ adapted
_to the capacity of_ learners, _than_ any _other_ that has yet appeared, on
the subject."--_Feltus and Onderdonk's false praise Englished_.
"Punctuation is the art of marking, in writing _or in print_, the several
pauses, or rests, _which separate_ sentences, _or_ the parts of sentences;
_so as to denote_ their proper quantity or proportion, as _it is exhibited_
in a just and accurate _delivery_."--_Lowth cor._ "A compound sentence must
_generally_ be resolved into simple ones, and _these be_ separated by _the
comma_." Or better: "A compound sentence _is generally divided_, by _the
comma_, into _its_ simple _members_."--_Greenleaf and Fisk cor._ "Simple
sentences should _in general_ be separated from _one an_ other by _the
comma_, unless _a greater point is required_; as, 'Youth is passing away,
age is approaching, and death is near.'"--_S. R. Hall cor._ "_V_ has
_always_ one uniform sound, _which is that_ of _f flattened_, as in
_thieve_ from _thief: thus v_ bears to _f_ the same relation _that b_ does
to _p, d_ to _t_, hard _g_ to _k, or z_ to _s_."--_L. Murray and Fisk
cor._; also _Walker_; also _Greenleaf_. "The author is explaining the
_difference_ between sense and imagination, _as_ powers _of_ the human
mind."--_L. Murray cor._ Or, if this was the critic's meaning: "The author
is endeavouring to explain a very abstract point, the distinction between
the powers of sense and _those of_ imagination, _as two different faculties
of_ the human mind."--_ Id._; also _Dr. Blair cor._ "HE--(_from the_
Anglo-Saxon HE--) is a personal pronoun, of the third person, singular
number, masculine gender, _and_ nominative case. Decline HE."--_Fowler
cor._
CORRECTIONS UNDER THE CRITICAL NOTES.
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE I.--OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH.
"The passive voice denotes _an action received_." Or: "The passive voice
denotes _the receiving of an action_."--_Maunder corrected_. "Milton, in
some of his prose works, has _many_ very _finely-turned_ periods."--_Dr.
Blair and Alex. Jam. cor._ "These will be found to be _wholly_, or chiefly,
of that class."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "All appearances of an author's
_affecting of_ harmony, are disagreeable."--_Id. and Jam. cor._ "Some nouns
have a double increase; that is, _they increase_ by more syllables than
one: as _iter, itin~eris_."--_Adam et al. cor._ "The powers of man are
enlarged by _progressive_ cultivation."--_Gurney cor._ "It is always
important to begin well; to make a favourable impression at _the first
setting out_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "For if one take a wrong method at _his
first setting-out_, it will lead him astray in all that follows."--_ Id._
"His mind is full of his subject, and _all_ his words are expressive."--_
Id._ "How exquisitely is _all_ this performed in Greek!"--_Harris cor._
"How _unworthy_ is all this to satisfy the ambition of an immortal
soul!"--_L. Murray cor._ "So as to exhibit the object in its _full
grandeur_, and _its_ most striking point of view."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "And
that the author know how to descend with propriety to the _plain style_, as
well as how to rise to the bold and figured."--_ Id._ "The heart _alone_
can answer to the heart."--_ Id._ "Upon _the_ first _perception of it_."
Or: "_As it is_ first perceived."--_Harris cor._ "Call for Samson, that he
may make _sport for us_."--_Bible cor._ "And he made _sport before
them_."--_ Id._ "The term '_to suffer_,' in this definition, is used in a
technical sense; and means simply, _to receive_ an action, or _to be_ acted
upon."--_Bullions cor._ "The text _only_ is what is meant to be taught in
schools."--_Brightland cor._ "The perfect participle denotes action or
_existence_ perfected or finished."--_Kirkham cor._ "From the intricacy and
confusion which are produced _when they are_ blended together."--_L. Murray
cor._ "This very circumstance, _that the word is_ employed antithetically
renders it important in the sentence."--_Kirkham cor._ "It [the pronoun
that,] is applied _both to_ persons and _to_ things."--_L. Murray cor._
"Concerning us, as being _everywhere traduced_."--_Barclay cor._ "Every
thing _else_ was buried in a profound silence."--_Steele cor._ "They raise
_fuller_ conviction, than any reasonings produce."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "It
appears to me _nothing but_ a fanciful refinement." Or: "It appears to me
_nothing_ more than a fanciful refinement"--_ Id._ "The regular _and
thorough_ resolution of a complete passage."--_Churchill cor._ "The
infinitive is _distinguished_ by the word TO, _which_ immediately _precedes
it_."--_Maunder cor._ "It will not be _a gain of_ much ground, to urge that
the basket, or vase, is understood to be the capital."--_Kames cor._ "The
disgust one has to drink ink in reality, is not to the purpose, where _the
drinking of it is merely figurative_."--_ Id._ "That we run not into the
extreme of pruning so very _closely_."--See _L. Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p.
318. "Being obliged to rest for a _little while_ on the preposition
itself." Or: "Being obliged to rest a _while_ on the preposition itself."
Or: "Being obliged to rest [for] a _moment_ on the preposition
_alone_."--_Blair and Jam. cor._ "Our days on the earth are as a shadow,
and there is _no_ abiding."--_Bible cor._ "There _may be attempted_ a more
particular expression of certain objects, by means of _imitative_
sounds."--_Blair, Jam., and Mur. cor._ "The right disposition of the shade,
makes the light and colouring _the more apparent_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "I
_observe_ that a diffuse style _is apt to run into_ long periods."--_ Id._
"Their poor arguments, which they only _picked up in the
highways_."--_Leslie cor._ "Which must be little _else than_ a transcribing
of their writings."--_Barclay cor._ "That single impulse is a _forcing-out_
of almost all the breath." Or: "That single impulse _forces_ out almost all
the breath."--_Hush cor._ "Picini compares modulation to the _turning-off_
from a road."--_Gardiner cor._ "So much has been written on and off almost
every subject."--_Sophist cor._ "By _the_ reading _of_ books written by the
best authors, his mind became highly improved." Or: "By _the study of the
most instructive_ books, his mind became highly improved."--_L. Mur. cor._
"For I never made _a rich provision a_ token of a spiritual
ministry."--_Barclay cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE II.--OF DOUBTFUL REFERENCE.