and Development (World Bank)
ICAO : International Civil Aviation
Organization
ICC : International Chamber of Commerce
ICJ : International Court of Justice (World
Court)
ICRC : International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRM : International Red Cross and Red Crescent
Movement
IDA : International Development Association
IDB : Islamic Development Bank
IEA : International Energy Agency
IFAD : International Fund for Agricultural
Development
IFC : International Finance Corporation
IFCTU : International Federation of Christian
Trade Unions
IFRCS : International Federation of Red Cross
and Red Crescent Societies
IGAD : Inter-Governmental Authority on
Development
IGADD : Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought
and Development
IHO : International Hydrographic Organization
IIB : International Investment Bank
ILO : International Labor Organization
IMF : International Monetary Fund
IMO : International Maritime Organization
Inmarsat : International Mobile Satellite
Organization
InOC : Indian Ocean Commission
Intelsat : International Telecommunications
Satellite Organization
Interpol : International Criminal Police
Organization
Intersputnik : International Organization of Space
Communications
IOC : International Olympic Committee
IOM : International Organization for Migration
ISO : International Organization for
Standardization
ITU : International Telecommunication Union
kHz : kilohertz
km : kilometer
kW : kilowatt
kWh : kilowatt hour
LAES : Latin American Economic System
LAIA : Latin American Integration Association
Law of the Sea : United Nations Convention on the Law of
the Sea (LOS)
LDC : less developed country
LLDC : least developed country
London Convention : see Marine Dumping
LOS : see Law of the Sea
m : meter
Marecs : Maritime European Communications
Satellite
Marine Dumping : Convention on the Prevention of Marine
Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other
Matter
Marine Life Conservation : Convention on Fishing and Conservation
of Living Resources of the High Seas
MARPOL : see Ship Pollution
Medarabtel : Middle East Telecommunications Project
of the International Telecommunications
Union
Mercosur : Southern Cone Common Market
MHz : megahertz
MINURSO : United Nations Mission for the
Referendum in Western Sahara
MONUC : United Nations Organization Mission in
the Democratic Republic of the Congo
NA : not available
NAM : Nonaligned Movement
NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC : Nordic Council
NEA : Nuclear Energy Agency
NEGL : negligible
NIB : Nordic Investment Bank
NIC : newly industrializing country
NIE : newly industrializing economy
NM : nautical mile
NMT : Nordic Mobile Telephone
NSG : Nuclear Suppliers Group
Nuclear Test Ban : Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in
the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and
Under Water
NZ : New Zealand
OAPEC : Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting
Countries
OAS : Organization of American States
OAU : Organization of African Unity
ODA : official development assistance
OECD : Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development
OECS : Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
OIC : Organization of the Islamic Conference
OOF : other official flows
OPCW : Organization for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons
OPEC : Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
OSCE : Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe
Ozone Layer Protection : Montreal Protocol on Substances That
Deplete the Ozone Layer
PCA : Permanent Court of Arbitration
PDRY : People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
[Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]; used for
information dated before 22 May 1990 or
CY91
PFP : Partnership for Peace
Ramsar : see Wetlands
RG : Rio Group
SAARC : South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation
SACU : Southern African Customs Union
SADC : Southern African Development Community
SFRY : Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
SHF : super-high-frequency
Ship Pollution : Protocol of 1978 Relating to the
International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973
(MARPOL)
Sparteca : South Pacific Regional Trade and
Economic Cooperation Agreement
SPC : South Pacific Commission
SPF : South Pacific Forum
sq km : square kilometer
sq mi : square mile
TAT : Trans-Atlantic Telephone
Tropical Timber 83 : International Tropical Timber Agreement,
1983
Tropical Timber 94 : International Tropical Timber Agreement,
1994
UAE : United Arab Emirates
UDEAC : Central African Customs and Economic
Union
UHF : ultra-high-frequency
UK : United Kingdom
UN : United Nations
UNAMIR : United Nations Assistance Mission for
Rwanda
UNAMSIL : United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
UNAVEM III : United Nations Angola Verification
Mission III
UNCRO : United Nations Confidence Restoration
Operation in Croatia
UNCTAD : United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development
UNDOF : United Nations Disengagement Observer
Force
UNDP : United Nations Development Program
UNEP : United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization
UNFICYP : United Nations Peace-keeping Force in
Cyprus
UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees
UNICEF : United Nations Children's Fund
UNIDO : United Nations Industrial Development
Organization
UNIFIL : United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNIKOM : United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation
Mission
UNITAR : United Nations Institute for Training
and Research
UNMIBH : United Nations Mission in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
UNMIK : United Nations Interim Administration
Mission in Kosovo
UNMOGIP : United Nations Military Observer Group
in India and Pakistan
UNMOP : United Nations Mission of Observers in
Prevlaka
UNMOT : United Nations Mission of Observers in
Tajikistan
UNMOVIC : United Nations Monitoring and
Verification Commission
UNOMIG : United Nations Observer Mission in
Georgia
UNOMSIL : United Nations Mission of Observers in
Sierra Leone
UNRISD : United Nations Research Institute for
Social Development
UNRWA : United Nations Relief and Works Agency
for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
UNSMIH : United Nations Support Mission in Haiti
UNTAET : United Nations Transitional
Administration in East Timor
UNTSO : United Nations Truce Supervision
Organization
UNU : United Nations University
UPU : Universal Postal Union
US : United States
USSR : Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(Soviet Union); used for information
dated before 25 December 1991
USSR/EE : Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/
Eastern Europe
VHF : very-high-frequency
VSAT : very small aperture terminal
WADB : West African Development Bank
WAEMU : West African Economic and Monetary Union
WCL : World Confederation of Labor
Wetlands : Convention on Wetlands of International
Importance Especially As Waterfowl
Habitat
WEU : Western European Union
WFC : World Food Council
WFP : World Food Program
WFTU : World Federation of Trade Unions
Whaling : International Convention for the
Regulation of Whaling
WHO : World Health Organization
WIPO : World Intellectual Property Organization
WMO : World Meteorological Organization
WP : Warsaw Pact
WTO : see WToO for World Tourism Organization
or WTrO for World Trade Organization
WToO : World Tourism Organization
WTrO : World Trade Organization
YAR : Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or
North Yemen]; used for information dated
before 22 May 1990 or CY91
ZC : Zangger Committee
===============================================================================
Appendix B - International Organizations and Groups
** advanced developing countries **
another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly
rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
** advanced economies **
a term used by the International Monetary FUND (IMF) for the top group
in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in transition, and
developing countries; it includes the following 28 advanced economies:
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, US;
note - this group would presumably also cover the following seven smaller
countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Holy See, Liechtenstein,
Monaco, and San Marino which are included in the more comprehensive
group of "developed countries"
** African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States **
(ACP Group)
established - 6 June 1975
aim - to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with
the EU
members - (77) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,
Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Palau, Papua New
Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda,
Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** African Development Bank (AfDB) **
note - also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)
established - 4 August 1963
aim - to promote economic and social development
regional members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire,
Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
nonregional members - (24) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South
Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
** Agency for the French-Speaking Community (ACCT) **
note - formerly Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation
established - 20 March 1970; name changed 1996
aim - to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking
countries
members - (51) Albania, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo,
Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, France,
French Community of Belgium, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Laos,
Lebanon, Luxembourg, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,
Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, New Brunswick
(Canada), Niger, Quebec (Canada), Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao
Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia,
Vanuatu, Vietnam
observers - (4) Czech Republic, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia
** Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons **
in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) note - acronym from Organismo
para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el
Caribe (OPANAL)
established - 14 February 1967 under the Treaty of Tlatelolco;
effective - 25 April 1969 on the 11th ratification of the treaty
aim - to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit
nuclear weapons
members - (32) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela; note - Cuba signed
the treaty but did not ratify it
** Andean Community of Nations (CAN) **
note - formerly known as the Andean Group (AG), the Andean Parliament,
and most recently as the Andean Common Market (Ancom)
established - 26 May 1969; present name established 1
October 1992; effective - 16 October 1969
aim - to promote harmonious development through economic integration
members - (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
** Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa **
(ABEDA) note - also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique
en Afrique (BADEA)
established - 18 February 1974; effective - 16 September 1974
aim - to promote economic development
members - (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania,
Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine
Liberation Organization;
note - these are all the members of the Arab League excluding Comoros,
Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen
** Arab Cooperation Council (ACC) **
established - 16 February 1989
aim - to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading
to an Arab Common Market
members - (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen
** Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development **
(AFESD)
established - 16 May 1968
aim - to promote economic and social development
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq (suspended 1993), Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia
(suspended 1993), Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation
Organization
** Arab League (AL) **
note - also known as League of Arab States (LAS)
established - 22 March 1945
aim - to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation
members - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,
Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria,
Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
** Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) **
established - 17 February 1989
aim - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of
northern Africa
members - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
** Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) **
established - 27 April 1976; effective - 2 February 1977
aim - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in
monetary and economic affairs
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,
Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria,
Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
** Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) **
established - 7 November 1989
aim - to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin
members - (21) Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong,
Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea,
Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, US, Vietnam
observers - (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific Economic
Cooperation Conference, Pacific Islands Forum
** Asian Development Bank (AsDB) **
established - 19 December 1966
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
regional members - (43) Afghanistan, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam
nonregional members - (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, UK, US
** Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) **
established - 8 August 1967
aim - to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation
among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia
members - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
associate member - (1) Papua New Guinea
dialogue partners - (12) Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, Japan,
Pakistan, South Korea, NZ, Russia, US, UNDP
** ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) **
established - NA 1994
aim - to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and
security issues of common interest and concern
members - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
dialogue partners - (13) Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, Japan,
North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Russia, US
** Australia Group **
established - NA 1984
aim - to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical
and biological weapons
members - (34) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
** Australia-New Zealand-United States Security **
Treaty (ANZUS)
established - 1 September 1951; effective - 29 April 1952
aim - to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the
US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986; Australia
and the US continue to hold annual meetings
members - (3) Australia, NZ, US
** Bank for International Settlements (BIS) **
established - 20 January 1930; effective - 17 March 1930
aim - to promote cooperation among central banks in international
financial settlements
members - (50) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, European Central Bank, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia,
Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
** Benelux Economic Union (Benelux) **
note - acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
established - 3 February 1958; effective - 1 November 1960
aim - to develop closer economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands
** Big Seven **
note - membership is the same as the Group of 7
established - NA 1975
aim - to discuss and coordinate major economic policies
members - (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus
the US
** Big Six **
note - not to be confused with the Group of 6
established - NA 1967
aim - to foster economic cooperation
members - (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK
** Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) **
established - 25 June 1992
aim - to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation
members - (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece,
Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
observers - (7) Austria, Egypt, Israel, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Tunisia
** Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom) **
established - 4 July 1973; effective - 1 August 1973
aim - to promote economic integration and development, especially among
the less developed countries
members - (15) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad
and Tobago;
note - when Haiti has deposited an appropriate instrument of accession
with the Secretary General, it will become a full member of the Community
associate members - (3) Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Turks and
Caicos Islands
observers - (10) Aruba, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominican
Republic, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela
** Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) **
established - 18 October 1969; effective - 26 January 1970
aim - to promote economic development and cooperation
regional members - (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago,
Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela
nonregional members - (5) Canada, China, Germany, Italy, UK
** Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) **
see Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)
** Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) **
note - acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique
Centrale
established - 3 December 1975
aim - to provide loans for economic development
members - (11) African Development Bank (AfDB), Cameroon, Central African
States Bank (BEAC), Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo,
Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait
** Central American Bank for Economic Integration **
(BCIE) note - acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico
established - 13 December 1960 signature of Articles of Agreement;
31 May 1961 began operations
aim - to promote economic integration and development
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
nonregional members - (4) Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, Taiwan
** Central American Common Market (CACM) **
established - 13 December 1960, collapsed in 1969, reinstated in 1991
aim - to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua;
note - Panama, although not a member, pursues full regional cooperation
** Central European Initiative (CEI) **
note - evolved from the Quadrilateral Initiative and the Hexagonal
Initiative
established - 11 November 1989 as the Quadrilateral Initiative, 27 July
1991 became the Hexagonal Initiative, NA July 1992 present name adopted
aim - to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region
between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas
members - (17) Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
** centrally planned economies **
a term applied mainly to the traditionally communist states that looked
to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more
democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the
Second World or as the communist countries; through the 1980s, this group
included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR,
Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam,
Yugoslavia
** Colombo Plan (CP) **
established - NA May 1950 proposal was adopted; 1 July 1951 commenced
full operations
aim - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific