Radios: 8.8 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 3 (1999)
Televisions: 103,000 (1997)
Internet country code: .tz
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 6 (2000)
Internet users: 115,000 (2001)
Transportation Tanzania
Railways: total: 3,569 km narrow gauge: 2,600 km 1.000-m gauge; 969
km 1.067-m gauge note: the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA),
which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es
Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia (of which 969 km are in Tanzania and
891 km are in Zambia) is not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation;
because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to
Tanzania Railways (2001)
Highways: total: 85,000 km paved: 4,250 km unpaved: 80,750 km (2001)
Waterways: note: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are
principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on
those lakes
Pipelines: crude oil 982 km
Ports and harbors: Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi,
Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar
Merchant marine: total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,987
GRT/27,121 DWT ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum
tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1 (2002 est.)
Airports: 125 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047
m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2001)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 114 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914
to 1,523 m: 61 under 914 m: 35 (2001)
Military Tanzania
Military branches: Tanzanian People's Defense Force (including Army,
Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit (including
Police Marine Unit and Police Air Wing), territorial militia
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 8,636,817 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 4,997,257
(2002 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $19 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 0.2% (FY01)
Transnational Issues Tanzania
Disputes - international: Tanzania and Malawi maintain a largely dormant
dispute over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and current location
of historical boundary in the meandering Songwe River
Illicit drugs: growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast
Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African,
European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for
Southern Africa
This page was last updated on 1 January 2002
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Uganda
Introduction
Uganda
Background: Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The
dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths
of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under
Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed another 100,000 lives. During the 1990s the
government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative elections.
Geography Uganda
Location: Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 236,040 sq km water: 36,330 sq km land: 199,710 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries: total: 2,698 km border countries: Democratic Republic
of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania
396 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to
February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m highest point:
Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt,
arable land
Land use: arable land: 25% permanent crops: 9% other: 66% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 90 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural use;
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in
Lake Victoria; poaching is widespread
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,
Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Geography - note: landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many
lakes and rivers
People Uganda
Population: 24,699,073 note: estimates for this country explicitly take
into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result
in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower
population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population
by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 50.9% (male 6,314,371; female 6,265,681)
15-64 years: 47% (male 5,803,430; female 5,789,713) 65 years and over:
2.1% (male 247,798; female 278,080) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.94% (2002 est.)
Birth rate: 47.15 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Death rate: 17.53 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: according
to the UNHCR, by the end of 2001, Uganda was host to 178,815 refugees
from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan 155,996, Rwanda
14,375, and Democratic Republic of the Congo 7,459 (2002 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01
male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89
male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 89.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: 44.67 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility
rate: 6.8 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 6.1% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 1.1 million (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 110,000 (1999 est.)
Nationality: noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan
Ethnic groups: Baganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga
7%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%,
Bunyoro 3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%,
Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8%
Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous
beliefs 18%
Languages: English (official national language, taught in grade schools,
used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts),
Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages,
preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be
taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages,
Swahili, Arabic
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total
population: 62.7% male: 74% female: 54% (2000 est.)
Government Uganda
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional
short form: Uganda
Government type: republic
Capital: Kampala
Administrative divisions: 45 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri,
Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole,
Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kibale, Kiboga,
Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale,
Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakasongola, Nebbi,
Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Soroti, Tororo note:
there may be eleven more districts: Kaberamaido, Kamwenge, Kanungu,
Kayunga, Kyenjojo, Mayngc, Nakapiripiti, Pader, Sironko, Wakiso, Yumbe
Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Constitution: 8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member
Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that
had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was dissolved
upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995
Legal system: in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one
based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta
MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); note - the president
is both chief of state and head of government head of government:
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29
January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999);
note - the president is both chief of state and head of government;
the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the
cabinet cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected
legislators election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected
president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 69.3%,
Kizza BESIGYE 27.8% elections: president reelected by popular vote for
a five-year term; election last held 12 March 2001 (next to be held NA
2006); note - first popular election for president since independence
in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (303 members - 214
directly elected by popular vote, 81 nominated by legally established
special interest groups [women 56, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5],
8 ex officio members; members serve five-year terms) election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - election
campaigning by party was not permitted elections: last held 26 June 2001
(next to be held May or June 2006);
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president
and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)
Political parties and leaders: only one political organization, the
National Resistance Movement or NRM [President MUSEVENI, chairman] is
allowed to operate unfettered; note - the president maintains that the
NRM is not a political party, but a movement which claims the loyalty
of all Ugandans note: the new constitution requires the suspension of
political parties while the Movement organization is in governance;
of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring
candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC
[Milton OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative
Party or CP [Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige
MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]
Political pressure groups and leaders: NA
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA,
FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU,
OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Edith
Grace SSEMPALA FAX: [1] (202)
[1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416 chancery:
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador
Martin G. BRENNAN embassy: Ggaba, Plot 1577, Kampala mailing address:
P. O. Box 7007, Kampala telephone: [256] (41) 259791 through 259795 FAX:
[256] (41) 259794
Flag description: six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red,
black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and
depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side
Economy Uganda
Economy - overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources, including
fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper
and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy,
employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and
accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government -
with the support of foreign countries and international agencies -
has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking
currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing
prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The
policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting
production and export earnings. During 1990-2001, the economy turned in
a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation
of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports,
reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return
of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Ongoing Ugandan involvement
in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, corruption within
the government, and slippage in the government's determination to press
reforms raise doubts about the continuation of strong growth. In 2000,
Uganda qualified for enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC)
debt relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145
million. These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief added
up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001 was held back because of a
continued decline in the price of coffee, Uganda's principal export.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $29 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 5.1% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 44% industry: 18% services:
38% (2000 est.)
Population below poverty line: 35% (2001 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 21% (2000)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 37.4 (1996)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.5% (2001 est.)
Labor force: 12 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13%
(1999 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues: $959 million expenditures: $1.04 billion, including
capital expenditures of $NA (FY98/99 est.)
Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Industrial production growth rate: 7% (1999)
Electricity - production: 1.599 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 0.94% hydro: 99.06%
other: 0% (2000) nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption: 1.314 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports: 174 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports: 1 million kWh (2000)
Agriculture - products: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca),
potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry,
cut flowers
Exports: $367 million (f.o.b., 2001)
Exports - commodities: coffee, fish and fish products, tea; gold,
cotton, flowers, horticultural products
Exports - partners: Germany 12.0%, Netherlands 10.2%, US 8.7%, Spain
8.0%, Belgium 7.1% (2000)
Imports: $1.26 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
Imports - commodities: capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical
supplies; cereals
Imports - partners: Kenya 43.1%, US 7.0%, India 6.8%, South Africa 6.1%,
Japan 3.4% (2000)
Debt - external: $3.4 billion (2001 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $1.4 billion (2000)
Currency: Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Currency code: UGX
Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,738.7 (January 2002),
1,755.7 (2001), 1,644.5 (2000), 1,454.8 (1999), 1,240.2 (1998), 1,083.0
(1997)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Communications Uganda
Telephones - main lines in use: 50,074; however, 80,868 main lines have
been installed (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 9,000 (1998)
Telephone system: general assessment: seriously inadequate; two cellular
systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number of main
lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are available domestic:
intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone
communication stations, fixed and mobile cellular systems for short
range traffic international: analog links to Kenya and Tanzania
Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001)
Radios: 5 million (2001)
Television broadcast stations: 8 (plus one low-power repeater) (2001)
Televisions: 500,000 (2001)
Internet country code: .ug
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 2 (2000)
Internet users: 25,000 (2000)
Transportation Uganda
Railways: total: 1,241 km narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge note:
a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (2001)
Highways: total: 27,000 km paved: 1,800 km unpaved: 25,200 km (of which
about 4,200 km are all-weather roads) (1990)
Waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake
Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile
Ports and harbors: Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Merchant marine: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091
GRT/8,229 DWT ships by type: roll on/roll off 3 note: these ships are
in cargo and passenger (ferry) service on Uganda's inland waterways
(2002 est.)
Airports: 27 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 4 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2001)
Airports - with unpaved runways: 6 914 to 1,523 m: Military Uganda
Military branches: Ugandan Peoples' Defense Force (including Army,
Marine unit, Air Wing)
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 5,302,787 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 2,879,083
(2002 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $121.3 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2.1% (FY01)
Transnational Issues Uganda
Disputes - international: Tutsi, Hutu, and other ethnic groups, political
rebels, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes
region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of
the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda
This page was last updated on 1 January 2002
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United Kingdom
Introduction
United Kingdom
Background: Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power
of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary
democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the
British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The
first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted
in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the
Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous
European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security
Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK
pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing
the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the
EU, it chose to remain outside the European Monetary Union for the time
being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The
Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern
Ireland Assembly were established in 1999.
Geography United Kingdom
Location: Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of
the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea,
northwest of France
Geographic coordinates: 54 00 N, 2 00 W
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 244,820 sq km water: 3,230 sq km note: includes Rockall
and Shetland Islands land: 241,590 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries: total: 360 km border countries: Ireland 360 km
Coastline: 12,429 km
Maritime claims: continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf
orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries exclusive fishing
zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Climate: temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the
North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
Terrain: mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains
in east and southeast
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Fenland -4 m highest point: Ben Nevis
1,343 m
Natural resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron
ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land
Land use: arable land: 26% permanent crops: 0% other: 74% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 1,080 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: winter windstorms; floods
Environment - current issues: continues to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990
levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move towards a
domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 the Government
aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed
of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at
least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015; between 1998-99
and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3%
Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution,
Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent
Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note: lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35
km from France and now linked by tunnel under the English Channel;
because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km
from tidal waters
People United Kingdom
Population: 59,778,002 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 18.7% (male 5,732,385; female 5,443,900) 15-64
years: 65.5% (male 19,803,478; female 19,381,734) 65 years and over: 15.8%
(male 3,931,463; female 5,485,042) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.21% (2002 est.)
Birth rate: 11.34 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Death rate: 10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05
male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over:
0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 5.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: 80.84 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility
rate: 1.73 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.11% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 20,800 (1999)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 450 (1999 est.)
Nationality: noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural) adjective:
British
Ethnic groups: English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%,
Ulster 1.8%, West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8%
Religions: Anglican and Roman Catholic 40 million, Muslim 1.5 million,
Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 500,000, Hindu 500,000,
Jewish 350,000
Languages: English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales),
Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years
of schooling total population: 99% (2000 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Government United Kingdom
Country name: conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland conventional short form: United Kingdom abbreviation: UK
Government type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: London