obovate and laterally compressed, imbricated in 2 rows upon one side of
the angled rhachis of a spike. Glumes 3 or 4, the 2 lower strongly
concave and carinate, obtuse or acutish, the 1 or 2 flowering glumes
narrower, lanceolate, acute or acuminate and a little exserted, becoming
rather rigid and with the thin palet enclosing the oblong grain.--A
stout erect subaquatic perennial, with the short spikes erect and simply
spicate or in a strict narrow panicle. (Named for _John Beckmann_,
professor of botany at Goettingen.)
1. B. erucaeformis, Host, var. uniflora, Scribn. Glumes 3 and spikelets
1-flowered; spikes (6'' long or less) panicled.--N. W. Iowa, W. Minn.,
and westward. The Old World form, which also is found in the far
northwest, has 2-flowered spikelets.
3. PASPALUM, L. (Pl. 13.)
Spikelets spiked or somewhat racemed, in 2--4 rows on one side of a
flattened or filiform continuous rhachis, jointed upon very short
pedicels, plano-convex, awnless, 1-flowered. Glumes 3 (rarely only 2),
the terminal one flowering. Flower coriaceous, mostly orbicular or
ovate, flat on the inner side, convex on the outer. Stamens 3. Spikes
one or more, at or toward the summit of an elongated peduncle. ([Greek:
Paspa/los], a Greek name for Millet.)
[*] _Spikes with a (1'') broad and thin membranaceous or foliaceous and
keeled rhachis, the incurved margins partly enclosing the small
two-rowed spikelets. (Smooth, aquatic, or nearly so, decumbent or
floating.)_
1. P. fluitans, Kunth. Annual; _leaves lanceolate, flat_ (3--8''),
broad; _spikes numerous in a raceme_, the rhachis somewhat projecting
beyond the minute and slightly pubescent spikelets into a tapering
point, scabrous on the back.--River-swamps, Va. to S. Ill., Mo., and
southward. Sept., Oct.
2. P. Walterianum, Schultes. Perennial; _leaves linear, short; spikes_
3--7, the lowest partly included in the sheath of the uppermost leaf,
the rhachis blunt; spikelets glabrous.--Low or wet grounds, N. J. (Cape
May, _Nuttall_), Del., and southward.
[*][*] _Spikes with a narrow wingless rhachis; perennials, or mostly
so._
[+] _Spikelets very obtuse, orbicular; spikes one terminal and often
1--5 lateral._
3. P. setaceum, Michx. Culm ascending or decumbent (1--2 deg. long),
slender; leaves (2'' wide, flat) and sheaths clothed with soft spreading
hairs; _spikes very slender_ (2--4' long), smooth, _mostly solitary on a
long peduncle, and usually one from the sheaths of each of the upper
leaves on short peduncles or included_; _spikelets_ (1/2'' wide) _narrowly
2-rowed_.--Sandy fields; common from E. Mass. to Ill., and southward.
Aug.
4. P. laeve, Michx. (Pl. 13, fig. 1--3.) Bright green, sparingly villous,
rather stout; stems somewhat decumbent; leaves and spikes widely
spreading; spikes (2--4) approximate, 2--4' long, smooth or nearly so;
spikelets about 1'' wide, 2-rowed.--Moist soil, S. New Eng. to Ky., and
southward.
5. P. Floridanum, Michx. Stout, erect, 3--6 deg. high, glaucous; sheaths and
leaves more or less villous, the latter and the spikes erect or
ascending; spikes (2--5) broader, 2--5' long, the smooth spikelets
nearly 2'' broad, in 2 rows.--Moist soil; Del. to Fla., Ark., and Tex.
[+][+] _Spikelets acute; spikes several, racemose._
6. P. dilatatum, Poir. Stout, erect, 2--5 deg. high, villous at the top of
the sheath; spikes few on a naked peduncle, erect, 2--3' long; spikelets
1'' long or more, the lower glume soft-villous on the margin.--Va. to
Tex.
[+][+][+] _Spikelets acute; spikes always a pair at the summit of the
naked peduncle._
7. P. distichum, L. (JOINT-GRASS.) Nearly glabrous, rather glaucous;
culms ascending (about 1 deg. high) from a long creeping base; leaves
linear-lanceolate (2--3' long); peduncle usually short; _spikes short_
and closely-flowered (9''--2' long), often slightly separated; rhachis
flat on the back; _spikelets ovate, slightly pointed_ (barely 11/2''
long), _approximate on one side of the rhachis_.--Wet fields, Va. and
southward. July--Sept.
8. P. Elliottii, Watson. Culms ascending (1--21/2 deg. high) from a creeping
base; leaves lanceolate (3--6' long, 4--6'' wide); _spikes slender_,
rather sparsely flowered (1--4' long), _both sessile_ upon the long
slender peduncle; _spikelets ovate-lanceolate_ (2'' long), _on nearly
opposite sides of the rhachis_. (Milium paspalodes, _Ell._ P. Digitaria,
_Chapm._; not _Poir._)--Va. and southward.
4. ERIOCHLOA, HBK. (Pl. 16.)
Spikelets ovate, subsessile or shortly pedicelled upon one side of the
rhachis of a spike, with a callus at base and jointed on the pedicel,
1-flowered. Glumes 3, the 2 empty ones slightly unequal, membranaceous,
acute, the flowering one shorter, indurated, obtuse, enclosing the free
grain.--Coarse tufted grasses, with flat leaves, the spikes more or less
scattered along a common peduncle, and the pedicels and rhachis of the
spike usually pubescent or hairy (hence the name, from [Greek: e)/rion],
_wool_, and [Greek: chlo/a], _grass_).
1. E. polystachya, HBK. Culms erect or decumbent, 2 deg. high; spikes 6--12,
erect or ascending, 1--2' long, forming a compound spike 3--6' long;
spikelets glabrous, very shortly pedicelled, oblong-lanceolate, nearly
2'' long.--S. Kan. to Tex. and Mex.
5. PANICUM, L. PANIC-GRASS. (Pl. 13.)
Spikelets jointed upon the pedicels, ovate, panicled, racemed, or
sometimes spiked, not involucrate, with one perfect and sometimes a
second lower rudimentary or staminate flower. Glumes 4, but the lower
one usually short or minute (rarely even wanting), and the third empty
or sterile, membranaceo-herbaceous. Upper flower perfect, closed,
coriaceous or cartilaginous, usually flattish parallel with the glumes,
awnless (except in Sec. 3), enclosing the free and grooveless grain.
Stamens 3. Stigmas plumose, usually purple. (An ancient Latin name of
the Italian Millet, P. Italicum (now Setaria Italica), of uncertain
origin and meaning.)
Sec. 1. DIGITARIA. _Spikelets crowded 2--3 together in simple and mostly
1-sided clustered spikes or spike-like racemes, wholly awnless and
pointless, 1-flowered; lower glume minute or obsolete or wanting;
annual, often purplish._
[*] _Spikes erect; the rhachis filiform and nearly terete._
1. P. filiforme, L. Culms very slender (1--2 deg. high), upright; lower
sheaths hairy; spikes 2--8, alternate, approximate, filiform; spikelets
oblong, acute (1/2'' long); lower glume almost wanting.--Dry sandy soil,
Mass. to N. J. along the coast, to Iowa, Neb., and southward. Aug.
[*][*] _Spikes spreading; the rhachis flat and thin._
P. GLABRUM, Gaudin. Culms spreading, prostrate, or sometimes erect
(5--12' long), glabrous; _spikes 2--6, widely diverging_, nearly
digitate; spikelets ovoid (about 1'' long); _upper empty glume equalling
the flower, the lower almost wanting_.--Cultivated grounds and waste
places; common, especially southward; sometimes appearing indigenous.
Aug., Sept. (Nat. from Eu.)
P. SANGUINALE, L. (COMMON CRAB- or FINGER-GRASS.) (Pl. 13, fig. 1--3.)
Culms erect or spreading (1--2 deg. high); leaves and sheaths glabrous or
hairy; _spikes 4--15, spreading_, digitate; spikelets oblong (11/2''
long); _second glume half the length of the flower, the lower one
small_.--Cultivated and waste grounds. Aug.--Oct. (Nat. from Eu.)
Sec. 2. PANICUM proper. _Spikelets scattered, in panicles, awnless._
[*] _Panicle elongated and racemose, wand-like or pyramidal; the
numerous and usually pointed spikelets short-pedicelled, excepting n. 3
and 4._
[+] _Sterile flower none; lower glume short; spikelets 1/2--11/2'' long;
annuals except_ n. 4; _leaves flat; sheaths flattened._
[++] _Glabrous and smooth throughout; spikelets appressed,
short-pedicelled._
2. P. proliferum, Lam. Culms usually thickish and rather succulent,
branched, geniculate and ascending from a procumbent base; sheaths
flattened; ligule ciliate; panicles terminal and lateral, compound,
pyramidal, the slender primary branches at length spreading; spikelets
pale green, rarely purplish; lower glume broad, {1/3} to 1/4 the length of
the upper, which is little longer than the flowering one.--Marshy
river-banks and shores, especially if brackish, but also in the
interior, from Mass. to Iowa, and southward. Aug.
[++][++] _Hispid or hairy on the sheaths, at least the lower; spikelets
mostly scattered on slender pedicels in an ample, loose, at length very
effuse panicle; culms mostly branched from the base, erect or ascending
(10--20' high)._
3. P. capillare, L. (OLD-WITCH GRASS.) (Pl. 13, fig. 4, 5.) All the
sheaths and usually the leaves _copiously hairy or hispid_; panicle
mostly very compound, the branches divaricate when old; spikelets from
ovoid to narrowly oblong, pointed; _lower glume half the length of the
upper empty one_, which is longer than the _elliptical obtuse
perfect flower_.--Sandy soil and cultivated fields everywhere.
Aug.--Oct.--Varies extremely in size and appearance, the culms erect and
simple, or decumbent, geniculate and branched; in depauperate forms the
spikelets only 3/4'', in the larger forms 11/2'' in length.
4. P. autumnale, Bosc. Root perennial (?), lower sheaths and margins of
the small narrow leaves more or less hairy, _otherwise glabrous_, except
some _bristly hairs in the main axils of the very effuse capillary
panicle_, its much elongated divisions sparingly branched, or even
simple and terminated with solitary _spindle_-shaped spikelets; _lower
glume minute; perfect flower lanceolate-oblong and pointed_, nearly
equalling the lance-oblong obtusish empty glumes.--Sand-hills, Ill. to
Minn., Mo., and southward.
[+][+] _Sterile flower rudimentary (staminate in n. 7), its glume fully
twice the length of the lower glume; spikelets small (1 or 11/2'' long);
root perennial._
5. P. anceps, Michx. _Culms flat, upright_ (2--4 deg. high); leaves rather
broadly linear (1--2 deg. long, 4--5'' wide), smooth; panicle
contracted-pyramidal; _spikelets ovate-lanceolate, pointed_, a little
curved; _second glume 5--7-nerved_; neutral flower one third longer than
the perfect one.--Wet sandy soil, N. J. and Penn. to S. Ill., and
southward. Aug.--Spikelets larger and branches of the panicle longer and
narrower than in the next.
6. P. agrostoides, Muhl. _Culms flattened, upright_ (2--4 deg. high); leaves
long, and with the sheaths smooth; panicles terminal and often lateral,
pyramidal (4--8' long); _spikelets_ racemose, crowded and one-sided on
the spreading branches, _ovate-oblong, acute_ (purplish); _second glume
5-nerved_, longer than the neutral flower; perfect flower shorter,
bearded at the apex.--Wet meadows and shores, E. Mass. to Minn., Neb.,
and common southward. Aug.
7. P. Curtisii, Chapm. Culms stout, 3--4 deg. high, often rooting below;
mostly glabrous; panicle slender, simple, spike-like (6--8' long), the
spikes appressed; spikelets lanceolate, acute; lower glume half the
length of the 5-nerved second one.--Ponds, Del. to Fl. and Tex.
[+][+][+] _Sterile flower staminate; lower glume more than half the
length of the next; spikelets large (2--21/2'' long), ovate, pointed, as
are the glumes, etc.; perennials, glabrous, with tall or stout and rigid
upright culms._
8. P. virgatum, L. (Pl. 13, fig. 8, 9.) Tall (3--5 deg. high); _leaves very
long, flat_; ligule silky-bearded; _branches of the compound loose and
large panicle_ (9'--2 deg. long) _at length spreading or drooping_;
spikelets scattered, usually purplish.--Moist sandy soil; common. Aug.
9. P. amarum, Ell. Culms (11/2 deg. high or more) sheathed to the top; _leaves
involute, glaucous, coriaceous, the uppermost exceeding the contracted
panicle_, the simple racemose branches of which are appressed; spikelets
pale.--Sandy shores, Conn., Va., and southward. Aug., Sept.--The
northern form (var. MINUS, Vasey & Scribn.) somewhat smaller than the
southern.
[*][*] _Panicle short or small, loosely spreading or diffuse;
perennials._
[+] _Sterile flower none; spikelets warty roughened._
10. P. verrucosum, Muhl. Smooth; culms branching and spreading, very
slender (1--2 deg. long), naked above; leaves linear-lanceolate (2--3''
wide), shining; branches of the diffuse panicle capillary, few-flowered;
spikelets dark green, oval, acute, 3/4'' long; lower glume 1/4 as long as
the faintly nerved second.--Sandy swamps, N. Eng. to Va., near the
coast, and southward.
[+][+] _Lower (sterile) flower neutral, or in n. 12 and sometimes in
n. 11 staminate, the palet scarious and sometimes small and
inconspicuous._
[++] _Culm-leaves broadly lanceolate or wider, with 9--15 principal
nerves (obscure or none in n. 17)._
[=] _Spikelets 1--11/2'' long._
11. P. xanthophysum, Gray. Culm simple, or at length branched near the
base (9--15' high); _sheaths hairy; leaves lanceolate, very acute_
(4--6' long by 1/2' wide), _not dilated at the ciliate-bearded clasping
base, smooth_ except the margins, _strongly 9--11-nerved; panicle
long-peduncled, very simple_, the appressed branches bearing a few
_roundish-obovate spikelets_ (about 11/2'' long); lower glume ovate,
acutish, {1/3}--1/2 the length of the 9-nerved second.--Dry sandy
soil, Maine to Penn., Wisc., Iowa, and northward; rare.
June.--Yellowish-green; spikelets minutely downy; sterile flower
sometimes staminate.
12. P. latifolium, L. Culm (1--2 deg. high) smooth; the joints and the
throat or margins of the otherwise _smooth sheaths often bearded with
soft woolly hairs; leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate from a
heart-clasping base_ (often 1' wide), taper-pointed, 11--15-nerved,
smooth, or sparingly downy-hairy; panicle more or less exserted (2--3'
long), usually long-peduncled, the branches spreading; _spikelets
obovate, 11/2'' long_, downy; lower glume ovate, not half the length of
the many-nerved second; sterile flower often (not always) with 3
stamens.--Moist thickets; common. June--Aug.
13. P. clandestinum, L. (Pl. 13, fig. 6, 7.) Culm rigid (1--3 deg. high),
very leafy to the top, at length producing appressed branches, the
_joints naked_; _sheaths rough with papillae bearing very stiff and
spreading bristly hairs_; leaves oblong-lanceolate from a heart-clasping
base, very taper-pointed; lateral and usually also the terminal _panicle
more or less enclosed in the sheaths_, or with the terminal one at
length long-peduncled;--otherwise resembling n. 12; but _the spikelets
more ovoid_, often smooth; the lower flower (always?) neutral.--Low
thickets and river-banks, N. Eng. to Mich., Mo., and southward.
June--Sept.
14. P. viscidum, Ell. Culms stout, upright or ascending, at length much
branched, leafy to the top, _densely velvety-downy all over_, as also
the sheaths, with reflexed soft and often clammy hairs, except a ring
below each joint; leaves likewise velvety, lanceolate (1/2' wide),
11--13-nerved; panicle spreading, the lateral ones included; _spikelets
obovate_, 1 or 11/2'' _long_, downy; the roundish lower glume scarcely one
fourth the length of the 7-nerved second one.--Damp soil, N. J. to Va.,
and southward. Aug.
15. P. scoparium, Lam. _Culms_ upright, at length much branched and
reclining (1--2 deg. long), _roughish; leaves lanceolate_ (3--5' long by
{1/3}--1/2' wide), _rather faintly 9-nerved_, hairy or smooth, _fringed_
on the whole margin or next the base _with long and stiff spreading
hairs, the sheaths bristly throughout_ with similar hairs; _panicle
open, nearly simple, bearing few_ tumid-obovate hairy or smoothish
_spikelets about 11/2'' long_; lower glume roundish, about half or a
quarter of the length of the upper one. (P. pauciflorum, _Ell._)--Wet
meadows and copses, E. Mass. to Minn., west and southward. June, July.
16. P. commutatum, Schultes. Rather slender, erect, 1--2 deg. high, _nearly
glabrous_; leaves lanceolate, acuminate (3--6' long), the margins toward
the base and the sheaths sparsely ciliate; panicle spreading, often
short-peduncled; _spikelets_ scattered, glabrous, _oblong, acutish_,
little more than 1'' long; _lower glume ovate_, often acute.--N. Y. to
Fla.--A frequent variety with smaller spikelets (not 1'' long)
approaches the next, and has also been confused with P.
dichotomum.--Ont. to Va. and southward.
[=][=] _Spikelets less than 1'' long._
17. P. nitidum, Michx. (Lam.?) Resembles the last; leaves rather thick
and the principal nerves very obscure or none except at the base;
panicle broad, more slender; spikelets smaller ({2/3}'' long), broadly
ovate and very obtuse; lower glume very obtuse. (P. sphaerocarpon,
_Ell._)--N. Y. to Ga., and westward.
18. P. microcarpon, Muhl. Like the last; the broadly lanceolate leaves
nearly similar, but usually longer (8' long or less), distinctly nerved;
panicle soon exserted on a slender peduncle, rather narrower, with
numerous slender branches and very many-flowered (3--7' long); spikelets
about {1/2}'' long, ovoid, smooth or smoothish; lower glume orbicular
and very small.--Dry or moist thickets, Penn. to Mich., Neb., and
southward. July--Sept.
[++][++] _Culm-leaves linear or sometimes narrowly lanceolate (basal
often lanceolate); primary nerves often indistinct or none; spikelets
small._
19. P. depauperatum, Muhl. Culms simple or branched from the base,
forming close tufts (6--12' high), terminated by a simple and
few-flowered contracted panicle, often much overtopped by the narrowly
linear and elongated (4--7') upper leaves; spikelets 3/4--11/2'' long,
oval-obovate, commonly pointed when young; lower glume ovate.--Varies,
with the leaves involute, at least when dry (P. involutum, _Torr._), and
with the sheaths either beset with long hairs or nearly smooth; the
panicle either partly included, or on a long and slender peduncle.--Dry
woods and hills; rather common. June.
20. P. consanguineum, Kunth. Culms slender, 1--2 deg. high, often decumbent
and rooting below; nearly glabrous or the sheaths and leaves somewhat
pubescent or villous; panicle small, with rather few spreading
few-flowered branches; _spikelets_ 1--11/2'' long, _oblong-obovate,
acutish_.--Dry woods, Norfolk, Va., and south to Fl. and Tex.
21. P. dichotomum, L.! Culms (8'--2 deg. high) at first mostly simple,
bearing a more or less exserted spreading compound panicle (1--3' long),
and linear to linear-lanceolate flat leaves (those tufted at the root
usually ovate-lanceolate and very short, thickish); but commonly
branching later in the season, the branches often clustered, and bearing
nearly simple and included small panicles; _spikelets_ 1/2--{2/3}'' long,
_elliptical, obtuse_, downy or smooth; lower glume roundish.--Common
everywhere. Very variable both in habit and in the amount of villosity
(depending upon the soil, exposure, season, etc.), so that it is
difficult to specify any well defined varieties. The more conspicuous
forms are (_a_) _commune_, with simple culms erect or ascending, and
leaves suberect, usually pale green--(_b_) _fasciculatum_, with
clustered leafy branches and short peduncles, a common autumnal
state--and (_c_) _gracile_, the culms lax, very slender and elongated,
with rather distant spreading leaves (usually bright green), and mostly
long-pedunculate panicles.
22. P. laxiflorum, Lam.! Closely resembling the last species, in its
several forms; distinguished by the larger acutish spikelets (nearly or
quite 1'' long).--Common.
Sec. 3. ECHINOCHLOA. _Spikelets imbricated-spiked on the branches of the
simple or compound raceme or panicle, usually rough with appressed stiff
hairs; lower palet of the sterile flower awl-pointed or awned._
P. CRUS-GALLI, L. (BARNYARD-GRASS.) Root annual; culms stout, branching
from the base (1--4 deg. high); leaves lanceolate (1/2' wide or more),
rough-margined, otherwise with the sheaths smooth; spikes alternate
(1--3' long), crowded in a dense panicle; glumes ovate, abruptly
pointed; glume of the neutral flower bearing a rough awn of variable
length.--Varies greatly; sometimes awnless or nearly so; sometimes
_long-awned_, especially in the var. HISPIDUM, a very large and coarse
form with the sheaths of the leaves very bristly.--Moist, chiefly
manured soil; the variety in ditches, especially of brackish water;
possibly indigenous. Aug.--Oct. (Nat. from Eu.)
6. SETARIA, Beauv. BRISTLY FOXTAIL GRASS. (Pl. 13)
Spikelets altogether as in Panicum proper, and awnless, but with the
short peduncles bearing below the joint of the spikelet solitary or
clustered bristles resembling awns (but not forming an involucre).
Inflorescence a dense spiked panicle, or apparently a cylindrical
spike.--Annuals, in cultivated or manured grounds, with linear or
lanceolate flat leaves. (Name from _seta_, a bristle.)
[*] _Bristles single or in pairs, roughened or barbed downward._
S. VERTICILLATA, Beauv. Spike cylindrical (2--3' long, pale green),
composed of apparently whorled short clusters; bristles short,
adhesive.--Near dwellings. (Adv. from Eu.)
[*][*] _Bristles in clusters, roughened or barbed upward._
S. GLAUCA, Beauv. (FOXTAIL. PIGEON-GRASS.) (Pl. 13, fig. 1, 2.) _Spike
cylindrical, dense, tawny yellow_ (2--4' long); _bristles 6--11 in a
cluster_, much longer than the spikelets; _perfect flower transversely
wrinkled_.--Very common, in stubble, etc. (Adv. from Eu.)
S. VIRIDIS, Beauv. (GREEN FOXTAIL. BOTTLE-GRASS.) _Spike nearly
cylindrical, more or less compound, green; bristles few_, longer than
the spikelets; _flower striate lengthwise and dotted_.--Cultivated
grounds. (Adv. from Eu.)
S. ITALICA, Kunth. _Spike compound_, interrupted at base, thick,
_nodding_ (6--9' long), _yellowish or purplish; bristles 2 or
3 in a cluster_, either much longer or else shorter than the
spikelets.--Cultivated under the name of MILLET, or HUNGARIAN or BENGAL
GRASS; rarely spontaneous. (Adv. from Eu.)
7. CENCHRUS, L. HEDGEHOG- or BUR-GRASS. (Pl. 14.)
Spikelets as in Panicum, awnless, but enclosed 1 to 5 together in a
globular and bristly or spiny involucre, which becomes coriaceous and
forms a deciduous hard and rigid bur; the involucres sessile in a
terminal spike. Styles united below. (An ancient Greek name of Setaria
Italica.)
1. C. tribuloides, L. Annual; culms branched and ascending (1 deg. high or
less); leaves flat; spike oblong, of 8--20 spherical heads; involucre
prickly all over with spreading and barbed short spines, more or less
downy, enclosing 2 or 3 spikelets.--Sandy soil, on river banks, etc.
Aug.--A vile weed.
8. AMPHICARPUM, Kunth. (Pl. 13.)
Spikelets jointed upon the pedicels, 1-flowered, oblong or ovoid, of two
kinds; one kind in a terminal panicle, deciduous from the joint without
fruit, although the flower is perfect; the other kind solitary at the
extremity of slender runner-like radical peduncles (more or less
sheathed toward the base), much larger than the others, perfect and
fertile, subterranean, fertilized in the bud. Glumes 3, nearly equal,
5-nerved in the panicle, many nerved in the fertile spikelets; palet a
little shorter; all becoming indurated and enclosing the very large
grain. Stamens 3 (small in the radical flowers). Stigmas plumose, deep
purple. (Name from [Greek: a)mphi/karpos], _doubly fruit-bearing_.)
1. A. Purshii, Kunth. Annual or biennial(?), erect, 1--4 deg. high; leaves
lanceolate, copious on the lower part of the culm, hispid, especially on
the sheaths; panicle strict, naked; grain ovoid or oblong (2--3'' long),
terete.--Moist sandy pine-barrens, N. J. to Fla. Sept.
9. LEERSIA, Swartz. WHITE GRASS. (Pl. 7.)