1--2 deg. high; head long and weak, often nodding; spikes 5--8, small,
nearly globular and much contracted below, silvery-green, alternately
disposed; perigynium varying from ovate to long-ovate, very thin, much
longer than the small achene, prominently rough-margined, strongly
many-nerved on both faces, especially on the small inner face; bracts
entirely wanting or inconspicuous. (C. adusta, last ed.)--Dryish
copses, N. Eng. to Penn. and Minn.; not common.--Var. PERPLEXA, Bailey.
Mostly taller and stouter; spikes larger and less attenuated or even
truncate below, approximate or even aggregated, the head erect or nearly
so and the lowest bract occasionally prominent; perigynium thicker and
firmer in texture. N. Eng. to Minn.; infrequent.
131. C. silicea, Olney. Stiff, 1--2 deg. high, in clumps; leaves very
narrow, becoming involute, not exceeding the culm; head 1--3' long,
usually flexuose or nodding above the middle at maturity; spikes 5--8,
silvery-white or silvery-tawny at full maturity, all more or less
separated, ovate, conspicuously contracted below and cone-shaped above,
erect on the culm; perigynium very broad-ovate and very thin, obscurely
nerved, appressed, about as long as the acute colorless scale. (C.
foenea, var. sabulonum, last ed.; C. straminea, var. moniliformis,
_Tuckerm_.)--Sands of the sea-shore, Maine to N. J.; frequent.
[=][=] _Head dull brown or green (usually somewhat silvery in_ var.
foenea _of n. 132)._
132. C. straminea, Willd. Very slender, erect, but the top of the culm
often flexuose, 1--3 deg. high; leaves narrow and long-pointed, stiff,
shorter than the culm; spikes 3--8, tawny, very small (2--3'' broad),
globular or sometimes a little tapering below from the presence of many
staminate flowers, usually all entirely distinct on the very slender,
often zigzag or flexuose rhachis; bracts none, or only the lowest
conspicuous; perigynium small and ovate, nerved on both faces but never
unusually prominently nerved on the inner face (as is the perigynium of
n. 130), the points spreading and rather conspicuous; scale acute, about
the length of the perigynium. (C. straminea, var. tenera, last
ed.)--Dryish copses and fields; common. Immensely variable.
Var. mirabilis, Tuckerm. Culm long and mostly weak, often 4 deg. high, much
longer than the loose leaves; spikes 4--8, larger, usually all
contiguous or occasionally the lowest 1 or 2 separate, spreading,
loosely flowered, tawny or frequently greenish; perigynium narrowly
ovate, thin, longer than the scale, the points much spreading and very
conspicuous. (C. mirabilis, _Dewey_.)--Shady places, throughout;
frequent.
Var. brevior, Dewey. (Pl. 6, fig. 6--10.) Culm always stiff, 11/2--21/2 deg.
high, longer than the stiff long-pointed leaves; spikes 3--8, all
distinct, contiguous or more or less separated, large (3--5'' broad),
globular, the head always short and erect; perigynium orbicular or
ovate-orbicular, often cordate at base, mostly very broadly winged. (C.
straminea, and vars. typica, hyalina, and Meadii, last ed.)--Dry soils,
throughout; common.
Var. aperta, Boott. Culm slender but strict below the head, 1--2 deg. high,
growing in dense tufts; leaves very narrow, usually much shorter than
the culm; spikes 4--6, large, heavy, much contracted below, usually all
separated, becoming rusty, disposed in a weak or nodding head;
perigynium narrowly ovate.--Bogs, throughout; rare westward. Transition
to n. 128, from which the ovate perigynia distinguish it.
Var. invisa, W. Boott. Culm very slender, weak above; leaves very narrow
with exceedingly long thin points, about the length of the culm; spikes
small (3'' broad or less), ovate, variously disposed in dense or open
heads or sometimes the lowest remote or even subradical, rusty, the
lower ones subtended by filiform bracts 2--5' long.--Swales near the
sea-board, Maine to Del.; infrequent. Apt to be confounded with n. 128.
Var. alata, Bailey. Culm very stiff, 11/2--3 deg. high, longer than the stiff
leaves; spikes very large, oblong or conical, always pointed, usually
all contiguous, green or sometimes becoming tawny; perigynium orbicular
or orbicular-obovate, very abruptly contracted into a short beak which
is prominent in the spike. (C. alata, _Torr._)--Swales, Mass. to Ill.,
and southward; rare and uncharacteristic far inland.
Var. cumulata, Bailey. Culm very stiff, 2--3 deg. high, greatly exceeding
the firm leaves; spikes 5--30, all aggregated or densely capitate,
green, widely divergent, pointed above, very abruptly contracted or even
truncate at base, very densely flowered; perigynium small, broad, very
obscurely nerved, the points inconspicuous.--Dry grounds, Penn. to N.
Eng., and northward; rare.
Var. foenea, Torr. Culm very stiff, longer than the leaves, 1--2 deg. high;
spikes 4--8, contiguous or separated, never densely aggregated,
prominently contracted both above and below, very densely flowered,
green, or often silvery-green. (C. foenea, last ed., excl. vars.; not
_Willd._)--Near the sea-coast; frequent.
C. LEPORINA, L. Distinguished from C. straminea, var. brevior, as
follows:--Usually lower; spikes rusty-brown, ovoid or oblong, erect or
appressed, more or less contracted both above and below, contiguous in
an interrupted head 1' long or less; perigynium lance-ovate, thin, very
narrowly margined, erect and appressed, obscurely nerved.--About Boston
(_W. Boott, Morong_). (Adv. from Eu.)
[*] 12.--[+] 3. _Cyperoideae_.
133. C. sychnocephala, Carey. Erect, 3--18' high, leafy; head 1/2--1'
long; perigynium very slender, faintly nerved, 5--6 times longer than
the exceedingly small achene, mostly a little longer than the sharp
scale.--Glades, central N. Y. to Minn., and far westward; rare.
ORDER 129. GRAMINEAE. (GRASS FAMILY.)
_Grasses, with usually hollow stems_ (culms) _closed at the joints,
alternate 2-ranked leaves, their sheaths split or open on the side
opposite the blade; the hypogynous flowers solitary in the axils of
imbricated 2-ranked glumes_, forming a 1--many-flowered _spikelet_; the
lower glumes (1 or usually 2) empty, the succeeding _flowering glumes_
enclosing each a somewhat smaller and usually thinner scale (called the
_palet_) and 2 or 3 very minute hyaline scales (_lodicules_) at the base
of the flower. Stamens 1--6, commonly 3; anthers versatile, 2-celled,
the cells distinct. Styles mostly 2 or 2-parted; stigmas hairy or
feathery. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled, forming a seed-like grain
(_caryopsis_) in fruit. Embryo small, on the outside and at the base of
the floury albumen.--Roots fibrous. Sheath of the leaves usually more or
less extended above the base of the blade into a scarious appendage
(_ligule_). Spikelets panicled or spiked. Palet usually 2-nerved or
2-keeled, enclosed or partly covered by the glume. Grain sometimes free
from, sometimes permanently adherent to, the palet.--A vast and most
important family, as it furnishes the cereal grains, and the principal
food of cattle, etc. The terms _flowering glume_ and _palet_ are now
adopted in place of the _outer_ and _inner palets_ of previous editions,
while for convenience the term flower is often retained for the flower
proper together with the enclosing flowering glume. (See Plates 7--15.)
SERIES A. Spikelets jointed upon the pedicel below the glumes, of one
terminal perfect flower (sometimes a lower staminate or neutral flower
in n. 5), or some or all of the 1-flowered spikelets unisexual in
n. 10--12. Glumes 4 (rarely only 2 or 3).
Tribe I. PANICEAE. Spikelets of one perfect flower, in spikes or
panicles. Flowering glume awnless, in fruit more rigid than the empty
glumes.
[*] Spikelets in 2--4 ranks on a more or less flattened rhachis.--See
also n. 5 (Sec. Digitaria).
[+] Rhachis produced beyond the upper spikelet; glumes 3.
1. Spartina. Spikelets much flattened laterally in 2 close ranks.
[+][+] Rhachis not produced above the upper spikelet (rarely in n. 3).
2. Beckmannia. Spikelets obovate, in 2 close rows. Glumes 3 (or 4),
strongly concave, carinate.
3. Paspalum. Spikelets plano-convex, sessile or nearly so. Glumes 3
(rarely 2).
4. Eriochloa. Spikelets plano-convex, lanceolate, with a basal callus,
short-pedicelled.
[*][*] Spikelets irregularly paniculate or spicate.
5. Panicum. Spikelets ovate, not involucrate nor the pedicels bristly.
Glumes 4, the lowest usually small or minute.
6. Setaria. Spikelets in dense cylindrical spikes or panicles, the
pedicels bristle-bearing.
7. Cenchrus. Spikelets (1--5) enclosed in a globular spiny bur-like
involucre.
8. Amphicarpum. Spikelets of 2 kinds, one in a terminal panicle, the
other subterranean on radical peduncles.
Tribe II. ORYZEAE. Spikelets unisexual or perfect, in loose panicles,
with only 2 glumes (in our genera) and palet none. Stamens often 6.
9. Leersia. Flowers perfect. Spikelets much flattened. Glumes carinate.
10. Zizania. Spikelets unisexual. Glumes convex, narrow.
Tribe III. MAYDEAE. Spikelets of a single perfect or unisexual or
rudimentary flower, in jointed spikes, in pairs at each joint, mostly
imbedded in the thick rhachis.
11. Tripsacum. Spikelets monoecious, the staminate above in the spike.
12. Rottboellia. One spikelet of each pair sterile and shortly
pedicelled, the other fertile, sessile and sunk in the rhachis.
Tribe IV. ANDROPOGONEAE. Spikelets in pairs or threes on the (usually
jointed and bearded) rhachis of a spike or branches of a panicle, one
sessile and fertile, the lateral pedicelled and often sterile or
rudimentary; 2 upper glumes smaller and hyaline, that of the fertile
flower mostly awned.
13. Erianthus. Spikelets in pairs, spicate, all alike fertile,
involucrate with a silky tuft.
14. Andropogon. Spikelets spicate, in pairs, the pedicellate sterile or
rudimentary; rhachis bearded.
15. Chrysopogon. Spikelets in open panicles, in pairs or threes, only
the sessile fertile.
SERIES B. Rhachis of the spikelet usually jointed above the persistent
lower glumes (jointed below the glumes only in n. 19, 31, and 36).
Spikelets 1--many-flowered, the uppermost flowers often imperfect or
rudimentary.
Tribe V. PHALARIDEAE. Glumes 5, only the uppermost fertile, the 2 middle
ones rudimentary or empty or staminate; palet 1-nerved. Panicle mostly
contracted and spike-like.
16. Phalaris. Middle glumes mere rudiments each side of the shining
triandrous flower.
17. Anthoxanthum. Middle glumes empty, awned on the back. Stamens 2.
18. Hierochloe. Middle glumes triandrous. Fertile flower diandrous.
Tribe VI. AGROSTIDEAE. Glumes 3; flower solitary, perfect (rarely a
rudimentary or perfect second flower in n. 23 and 32--34), palet
2-nerved.
[*] Flowering glume with a terminal awn (none in n. 22), closely
embracing the grain in fruit; spikelets in panicles or loose spikes, the
rhachis not produced beyond the flower (except in n. 24 and a single
species of n. 23).--STIPEAE.
[+] Fruiting glume firm and indurated, with a callus at base (none in
n. 22).
19. Aristida. Awn 3-fid, the branches divaricate. Callus acute.
20. Stipa. Awn simple, twisted. Callus mostly acute.
21. Oryzopsis. Awn simple, straight, deciduous. Flower oblong; callus
short, obtuse.
22. Milium. Awn none. Flower small, ovoid, without callus.
[+][+] Fruiting glume thin and membranous; outer glume smaller or
minute.
23. Muhlenbergia. Flower mostly hairy at base, the glume mucronate or
awned.
24. Brachyelytrum. Rhachis produced into a bristle above. Outer glumes
very small, the flowering one long-awned. Stamens 2.
[*][*] Flowering glume awnless or short-awned, loosely embracing the
grain, thin, the lower glumes complicate carinate; spikelets in dense
spike-like panicles, the rhachis not produced.--PHLEOIDEAE.
25. Heleochloa. Awns none. Spikes short and scarcely exserted.
26. Phleum. Glumes somewhat truncate, mucronate or short awned. Spike
cylindric.
27. Alopecurus. Lower glumes united at base, the flowering awned on the
back. Palet none. Spike cylindric.
[*][*][*] Glumes membranous, the lower rarely strongly complicate, the
flowering with a dorsal awn or awnless; spikelets variously
panicled.--AGROSTEAE.
[+] Flowering glume 1- (rarely 3-) nerved, awnless; grain loosely
enclosed or naked.
28. Sporobolus. Culms wiry or rigid. Leaves involute.
[+][+] Flowering glume 3--5 nerved, mostly awned; grain enclosed.
[++] Rhachis not reduced above the single flower.
29. Agrostis. Spikelets in an open panicle.
30. Polypogon. Empty glumes long-awned. Panicle spike-like.
31. Cinna. Spikelets flattened, in a loose panicle. Palet 1-nerved.
Stamen 1
[++][++] Rhachis bearing a rudimentary second flower or short bristle
(except in species of n. 33).
32. Apera. Flowering glume bifid, awned. Panicle very loose and
delicate.
33. Calamagrostis. Flowers hairy-tufted at base. Glumes membranaceous.
Palet thin.
34. Ammophila. Spikelets large. Flowers hairy tufted at base. Glumes and
palet chartaceous.
Tribe VII. AVENEAE. Spikelets 2--several-flowered, panicled, the rhachis
or base of the flowers often bearded; upper flower imperfect or
rudimentary (except in n. 37). Flowering glume bearing a twisted, bent
or straight awn on its back or below the apex.
[*] One of the flowers staminate only.
35. Arrhenatherum. Lower flower staminate, long awned; middle flower
perfect, nearly awnless; the upper rudimentary.
36. Holcus. Flowers 2, the lower perfect, awnless, the upper staminate,
awned.
[*][*] Flowers all perfect or the uppermost usually rudimentary.
37. Aira. Spikelets very small, in a diffuse panicle. Flowers 2,
perfect, awned toward the base.
38. Deschampsia. Spikelets 2-flowered, with a hairy rudiment. Glumes
thin-scarious, the flowering one erose-truncate awned near the middle.
39. Trisetum. Spikelets 2--several-flowered. Flowering glume thin,
compressed, carinate, 2-toothed, awned above by the excurrent mid nerve.
40. Avena. Spikelets 2--several-flowered. Flowering glume hard and firm,
rounded on the back, 5--9 nerved, the mid-nerve long-excurrent at or
below the 2-toothed apex.
41. Danthonia. As Avena, but the 3 middle nerves of the flowering glume
running into a flattish twisted awn from between the teeth.
Tribe VIII. CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets 2--several-flowered with one or more of
the upper flowers imperfect (flower 1 and perfect in n. 45) arranged in
2 rows upon the rhachis of a 1-sided spike.
[*] Spikelets with one perfect flower.
42. Cynodon. Spikes 3--5, slender, digitate. Flower and the rudiment
awnless.
43. Ctenium. Spike solitary, terminal. Flowers 4--6, the middle one
perfect.
44. Gymnopogon. Spikes filiform, racemose. Spikelets remote, of a
perfect flower and an awned rudiment.
45. Schedonnardus. Spikes 3--9, slender, scattered, distant. Spikelets
small, 1-flowered awnless.
46. Bouteloua. Spikes scattered (rarely 1 and terminal), dense. Glume of
perfect flower 3-toothed. Rudimentary flowers 1--3 awned.
[*][*] Spikelets with two or more perfect flowers; awns none.
47. Eleusine. Spikes digitate, dense.
48. Leptochloa. Spikes racemose, slender. Spikelets small, alternate.
[*][*][*] Spikelets dioecious; spikes small, very dissimilar.
49. Buchloe. Pistillate spikes capitate, sessile, the spikelets
1-flowered; staminate spikes (2 or 3) on a peduncle, the spikelets
2--3-flowered.
Tribe IX. FESTUCEAE. Spikelets few--many-flowered, panicled, the
uppermost flowers often imperfect or abortive. Glumes pointless or the
flowering ones tipped with a straight awn or bristle.
[*] Flowering glume 1--3 nerved, 2--3-toothed. Rhachis short-bearded or
glabrous.
50. Triodia. Rhachis of the spikelet bearded. Nerves of the flowering
glume 3, villous, at least the middle one more or less excurrent.
51. Diplachne. Rhachis glabrous. Glume 1--3-nerved, with 2 small teeth,
and a short awn in the cleft.
[*][*] Glume 3-nerved, entire or 2-toothed and mucronate between the
teeth. Rhachis and flowers long-villous. Tall reeds with ample panicles.
52. Phragmites. Spikelets 3--7-flowered, lowest flower naked, staminate
or neutral. Glume entire.
53. Arundo. As n. 52, but flowers all perfect. Glume bifid.
[*][*][*] Glume 3-nerved, the nerves (at least the mid-nerve) excurrent;
spikelets few, in the axils of floral leaves.
54. Munroa. Low or prostrate much-branched annual.
[*][*][*][*] Glume 3- (rarely 1-) nerved, obtuse or acute, awnless;
rhachis and flower naked.
55. Koeleria. Panicle contracted. Spikelets 2--4-flowered. Glumes
compressed-keeled, acute or mucronate.
56. Eatonia. Panicle slender, more or less dense. Spikelets 2-flowered.
Glumes very dissimilar, usually obtuse, the upper empty one enclosing
the flowers.
57. Eragrostis. Spikelets flattened, 2--many-flowered. Glumes acute or
acutish. Palet persistent.
[*][*][*][*][*] Glume 3--5-nerved, obtuse or abrupt-cuspidate; spikelet
3--5-flowered; upper sterile flowers convolute around each other.
58. Melica. Glumes 5-nerved or more, scarious, obtuse. Panicle simple or
nearly so.
59. Diarrhena. Glumes 3-nerved, coriaceous, the flowering one abruptly
cuspidate. Panicle loosely few-flowered.
[*][*][*][*][*][*] Flowering glume 5-nerved or more (sometimes obscurely
so). Only the terminal flower abortive, or none.
[+] Glumes more or less strongly compressed and carinate (ventricose in
n. 63).
60. Uniola. Spikelets broad, flat and 2-edged, in usually loose
panicles. Glumes coriaceous, acute, the 3--6 lower ones empty.
61. Distichlis. Dioecious. Spikelets large, flattened, in a close
panicle. Empty glumes 2, acute.
62. Dactylis. Panicle contracted in 1-sided clusters. Glumes herbaceous,
awn-pointed, rough-ciliate on the keel.
63. Briza. Spikelets heart-shaped, in lax panicles. Glumes roundish,
ventricose, scarious-margined.
64. Poa. Spikelets small, flattened, ovate to lance-ovate, in a loose
panicle. Flowering glumes membranous and scarious-margined, pointless,
usually webby or pubescent toward the base.
65. Graphephorum. Spikelets compressed, in a loose panicle, the hairy
jointed rhachis produced into a hairy pedicel. Glumes thin-membranous,
faintly nerved, entire.
[+][+] Glumes convex on the back, not carinate (or somewhat so in
n. 70).
66. Scolochloa. Spikelets subterete, in a lax panicle, the rhachis
villous at the base of the flowers, ending in a naked pedicel. Glumes
coriaceous, prominently 7-nerved, toothed at the apex. In water.
67. Glyceria. Spikelets terete or flattish. Flowering glumes scarious at
the usually blunt summit, prominently 5--7-nerved.
68. Puccinellia. Mainly as Glyceria, but the glumes obsoletely 5-nerved.
69. Festuca. Spikelets terete or flattish. Flowering glume acute,
pointed or awned at the tip, few-nerved. Styles terminal.
70. Bromus. Glume rounded or keeled on the back, mostly awned below the
2-cleft tip, 5--9-nerved. Styles scarcely terminal.
Tribe X. HORDEAE. Spikelets 1--several-flowered, sessile on opposite
sides of a zigzag jointed channelled rhachis, forming a spike. Empty
glumes sometimes abortive or wanting. Uppermost flower imperfect or
abortive.
[*] Spikelets single at each joint of the solitary spike.
71. Lolium. Spikelets many-flowered, placed edgewise on the rhachis of
the spike, with one empty glume.
72. Agropyrum. Spikelets 3--several-flowered, placed flatwise on the
rhachis. Empty glumes 2, right and left.
73. Lepturus. Spikelets small, 1--2-flowered; empty glumes 1 or 2. Spike
very slender.
[*][*] Spikelets 2 or more at each joint of the solitary spike; the
empty glumes side by side in front of the spikelets (none or rudimentary
in n. 76.)
74. Hordeum. Spikelets 1-flowered, 3 at each joint, the lateral ones
usually sterile.
75. Elymus. Spikelets 1--several-flowered, all perfect and similar.
76. Asprella. Spikelets few-flowered, somewhat pedicelled, 1--3 at each
joint. Glumes none or small and deciduous.
Tribe XI. BAMBUSEAE. Tall woody reeds, the flat leaves with a short
petiole jointed upon the sheath. Spikelets few--many-flowered,
flattened, in panicles or racemes.
77. Arundinaria. Flowering glumes rounded on the back, many-nerved,
acuminate or bristle-pointed; empty glumes very small.
1. SPARTINA, Schreber. CORD or MARSH GRASS. (Pl. 9.)
Spikelets 1-flowered, very much flattened laterally, jointed and sessile
in 2 ranks on the outer side of a triangular rhachis. Glumes 3, unequal,
lanceolate, strongly compressed-keeled, acute or bristle-pointed, mostly
rough-bristly on the keel; palet thin, equalling or longer
than the flowering glume. Stamens 3. Styles long, more or less
united.--Perennials, with simple and rigid often reed-like culms, from
extensively creeping scaly rootstocks, racemed spikes, very smooth
sheaths, and long tough leaves (whence the name, from [Greek:
sparti/ne], _a cord_, such as was made from the bark of the _Spartium_
or Broom).
[*] _Spikelets compactly imbricated, very rough-hispid on the keels;
spikes (2--4' long) more or less peduncled; culm and elongated leaves
rigid._
1. S. cynosuroides, Willd. (FRESH-WATER CORD-GRASS.) _Culm rather
slender_ (2--6 deg. high); _leaves narrow_ (2--4 deg. long, 1/2' wide below or
less), tapering to a very slender point, keeled, flat, but quickly
involute in drying, smooth except the margins; _spikes_ 5--20,
scattered, spreading; rhachis rough on the margins; _glumes
awn-pointed_, especially the middle one (its awn about 1/4' long),
strongly serrulate-hispid on the keel, _the lower equalling the upper_,
whose strong midrib abruptly terminates below the membranous
apex.--Banks of rivers and lakes, or in rich soil, especially northward.
Aug.
2. S. polystachya, Willd. (SALT REED-GRASS.) _Culm tall and stout_
(4--9 deg. high, often 1' in diameter near the base); _leaves broad (1/2--1'),
roughish underneath_, as well as the margins; _spikes 20--50, forming a
dense oblong raceme_ (purplish); _glumes barely mucronate, the lower
half the length of the flowering one_, of which the rough-hispid midrib
reaches to the apex.--Salt or brackish marshes, within tide-water,
especially southward.
3. S. juncea, Willd. (RUSH SALT-GRASS.) _Culms low_ (1--2 deg. high) _and
slender; leaves narrow and rush-like, strongly involute, very smooth;
spikes_ 1--5, on very short peduncles, the rhachis smooth; _glumes
acute_, the lower scarcely half the length of the middle one, not half
the length of the upper.--Salt marshes and sea-beaches. Aug. (Eu.)
[*][*] _Spikelets loosely imbricated, or somewhat remote and alternate,
the keels only slightly hairy or roughish under a lens; spikes sessile
and erect, soft; leaves, rhachis, etc., very smooth; culm rather
succulent._
4. S. stricta, Roth. (SALT MARSH-GRASS.) (Pl. 9, fig. 1--3.) Culm 1--4 deg.
high, leafy to the top; leaves soon convolute, narrow; spikes few
(2--4), the rhachis slightly projecting beyond the crowded or imbricated
spikelets; glumes acute, very unequal, the larger 1-nerved, a little
longer than the flower.--Salt marshes, Penn., etc.--Odor strong and
rancid. (Eu.)
Var. glabra, Gray. Culm and leaves longer; spikes 5--12 (2--3' long);
Spikelets imbricate-crowded.--Common on the coast.
Var. alterniflora, Gray. Spikes more slender (3--5' long), and the
spikelets remotish, barely overlapping, the rhachis continued into a
more conspicuous bract-like appendage; larger glume indistinctly
5-nerved; otherwise as in the preceding form, into which it
passes.--Common with the last; also Onondaga Lake, _J. A. Paine_.
2. BECKMANNIA, Host. (Pl. 16.)