flattish, cymose-panicled, of only one perfect and 1--4 staminate
flowers; scales few; bristles rigid, minutely scabrous upward; style
simple or barely 2-toothed, filiform and gradually thickened downward,
in fruit persistent as an exserted, slender-awl-shaped, upwardly
roughened beak, several times longer than the smooth flat obovate
achene; coarse perennials; spikelets in flower 4'', in fruit including
the projecting beak about 1' long._
13. R. corniculata, Gray. (HORNED RUSH.) Culm 3--6 deg. high; leaves about
6'' wide; _cymes decompound, diffuse; bristles awl-shaped_, stout,
unequal, _shorter than the achene._--Wet places, Penn. to Fla., west to
S. Ind. and Mo.
14. R. macrostachya, Torr. (Pl. 4, fig. 1--4.) _Cymes_ decompound, or in
the northern form _somewhat simple_ and smaller, and the spikelets
usually more clustered; _bristles capillary, twice the length of the
achene_.--Borders of ponds, Mass. to N. J. and Fla.; rare.
14. CLADIUM, P. Browne. TWIG-RUSH. (Pl. 5.)
Spikelets ovoid or oblong, of several loosely imbricated scales; the
lower empty, one or two above bearing a staminate or imperfect flower;
the terminal flower perfect and fertile. Perianth none. Stamens 2. Style
2--3-cleft, deciduous. Achene ovoid or globular, somewhat corky at the
summit, or pointed, without any tubercle, in which it differs from
Rhynchospora. (Diminutive of [Greek: kla/dos], _a branch_, from the
repeatedly branched cyme of the original species.)
1. C. mariscoides, Torr. Perennial; culm obscurely triangular (1--2 deg.
high); leaves narrow, channelled, scarcely rough-margined; cymes small;
the spikelets clustered in heads 3--8 together on 2--4 peduncles; style
3-cleft.--Bogs, N. Scotia to Del., west to S. Minn. and Iowa. July.
15. SCLERIA, Berg. NUT-RUSH. (Pl. 5.)
Flowers monoecious; the fertile spikelets 1-flowered, usually intermixed
with clusters of few-flowered staminate spikelets. Scales loosely
imbricated, the lower empty. Stamens 1--3. Style 3-cleft. Achene
globular, stony, bony, or enamel-like in texture. Bristles, etc., none.
Perennials, with triangular leafy culms, mostly from creeping
rootstocks; flowering in summer; all in low ground or swamps.
Inflorescence, in our species, of terminal and axillary clusters, the
lower clusters usually peduncled. (Name, [Greek: skleri/a], _hardness_,
from the indurated fruit.)
[*] _Achene smooth._
1. S. triglomerata, Michx. _Culm_ (11/2--3 deg. high) _and broadly linear
leaves roughish_; fascicles of spikelets few, the lowest peduncled, the
upper _somewhat in threes; achene ovate-globose_ or depressed, on an
obscure crustaceous disk.--Mass. and Vt. to Fla., west to Minn. and
Tex.--Var. GRACILIS, Britton. Culms slender (1--2 deg. long); fascicles
few-flowered, the lower (2--3-flowered) on very long filiform peduncles;
achene not more than half as large, acutish.--N. J.
2. S. oligantha, Ell. Culms slender, 2 deg. high, the angles somewhat
winged; _leaves linear_ (2'' wide), _smooth_ except the scabrous apex;
lateral fascicles 1 or 2, usually on long exserted peduncles; _achene
ovate, on a tuberculate disk_.--Va. to Fla. and Tex.
[*][*] _Achene papillose or warty._
3. S. pauciflora, Muhl. Smoothish or hairy; culm slender (9--24' high);
leaves narrowly linear; fascicles few-flowered, the lateral pedunculate,
sessile, or wanting; bracts ciliate; achene globose-ovate; the disk a
narrow ring bearing 3 pairs of minute tubercles.--N. H. to Ohio, south
to Fla. and Tex.
[*][*][*] _Achene reticulated or wrinkled._
4. S. reticularis, Michx. (Pl. 5, fig. 6--10.) Culms slender, _erect_,
scabrous (1--21/2 deg. high); leaves linear (1--11/2'' wide), smooth; lateral
fascicles 1--3, loose, remote, nearly erect, _on short often included
peduncles_; bracts glabrous; achene globose, _regularly reticulated and
pitted_, not hairy, resting upon a double greenish conspicuously 3-lobed
disk, the inner appressed to and deciduous with the achene.--E. Mass. to
Fla.--Var. PUBESCENS, Britton. Edges of reticulations more or less
hairy, especially toward the apex; lateral fascicles generally on longer
peduncles. Pine-barrens of N. J. to Fla.--Var. OBSCURA, Britton. Achene
bony, its surface with very obscure reticulations, nearly smooth at the
summit. R. I. and N. C.
5. S. Torreyana, Walpers. Culms weak, _diffuse_, slightly scabrous or
smooth; leaves linear (2--4'' wide), smooth; lateral fascicles loose, on
_more or less elongated and drooping filiform peduncles_; achene
_irregularly pitted-reticulated or pitted-rugose with the ridges
somewhat spirally arranged and more or less hairy_ (sometimes smooth);
otherwise as in the last. (S. laxa, _Torr._)--Pine-barrens, N. J. to
Fla. and Tex.
6. S. verticillata, Muhl. Smooth; culms simple, slender (4--24' high);
leaves narrowly linear, _fascicles_ 3--9-flowered, 4--6, _sessile in an
interrupted spikelet; achene_ globose (1/2'' broad), somewhat triangular
at base, _rough-wrinkled with short elevated ridges; disk obsolete_.--E.
Mass. to Ont., Minn., and south to the Gulf.
16. CAREX, Ruppius. SEDGE. (By L. H. BAILEY.)
Flowers unisexual, destitute of floral envelopes, disposed in spikes;
the staminate consisting of three stamens, in the axil of a bract, or
_scale_; the pistillate comprising a single pistil with a bifid or
trifid style, forming in fruit a hard lenticular or triangular achene,
which is enclosed in a sac (_perigynium_) formed by the complete union
of the borders of a bractlet or of connate bractlets and borne in the
axil of a bract, or _scale_. Staminate and pistillate flowers borne in
different parts of the spike (spike _androgynous_), or in separate
spikes on the same culm, or rarely the plant dioecious.--Perennial
grass-like herbs with mostly triangular culms, 3-ranked leaves, usually
with rough margins and keel, and spikes in the axils of leafy or
scale-like bracts, often aggregated into heads. An exceedingly critical
genus, the study of which should be attempted only with complete and
fully mature specimens. (The classical Latin name, of obscure
signification; derived by some from [Greek: kei/ro], _to cut_, on
account of the sharp leaves--as the English name _Shear-grass_.) (Pl. 5
and 6.)
Synopsis of Sections and Groups.
Sec. 1. CAREX proper. Staminate flowers forming one or more terminal linear
or club-shaped spikes (often pistillate at base or apex). Pistillate
flowers usually in distinct and simple mostly peduncled spikes.
Cross-section of perigynium circular, obtusely angled, or prominently
triangular in outline. Style mostly 3-parted and achene triangular or
triquetrous.
[*] 1. Physocarpae. Perigynium mostly straw-colored at maturity, papery
in texture, usually more or less inflated, smooth (sometimes hairy in
n. 6), nerved, tapering into a beak as long as or longer than the body;
spikes few to many, distinct, compactly flowered; stigmas 3 (2 in
n. 10).
[+] 1. _Pauciflorae._ Perigynium greenish, linear-lanceolate or almost
needle shaped, not inflated, strongly deflexed at maturity, several
times longer than the inconspicuous scale; spike androgynous, the
pistillate flowers at base, few.--Sp. 1.
[+] 2. _Lupulinae._ Perigynium green or greenish tawny or sometimes
yellow, more or less inflated (except in n. 2--4) long, usually very
turgid at base, mostly erect or nearly so, very gradually attenuate to a
long slenderly toothed beak exceeding the scale; spikes 3 or more, the
staminate mostly 1 and stalked, the pistillate often sessile, usually
short and thick, often becoming dark colored in drying.--Sp. 2--8.
[+] 3. _Vesicariae._ Perigynium smooth and shining, much inflated, at
maturity straw-colored or sometimes purple, beaked and conspicuously
short toothed (entire in n. 10), usually prominently few nerved, much
shorter than in [+] 2; staminate spikes commonly 2 or more; pistillate
spikes as a rule long and densely cylindrical.--Sp. 9--16.
[+] 4. _Pseudocyperae._ Perigynium less inflated, more conspicuously
nerved or even costate, and with more or less setaceous or awned teeth;
scale usually awned; spikes mostly nodding or spreading, comose in
appearance, greenish, greenish-yellow, or ochroleucous.--Sp. 17--19.
[+] 5. _Squarrosae._ Perigynium obconic or obovoid, squarrose in
exceedingly dense short spikes.--Sp. 20, 21.
[*] 2. Trachychlaenae. Perigynium mostly thick and hard in texture, often
scabrous or hirsute, straight-beaked; pistillate spikes compactly
flowered, mostly large, erect or nearly so; staminate spikes 1 or more;
stigmas 3. Generally large and coarse.
[+] 1. _Shortianae._ Terminal spike androgynous, staminate below;
perigynium small, scabrous, nearly beakless, entire.--Sp. 22.
[+] 2. _Anomalae._ Terminal spike all staminate; pistillate spikes long
and cylindrical, mostly dense; perigynium broad and short, short-beaked,
the orifice very slightly notched or entire, mostly granulate.--Sp. 23.
[+] 3. _Hirtae._ A heterogeneous group, distinguished from [+] 2 by the
longer and more deeply cut beak (slightly toothed in n. 24), and by the
hairy perigynium (smooth in n. 25)--Sp. 24--27.
[+] 4. _Paludosae._ Staminate spikes 2 or more, long stalked; the
pistillate 2--several, usually all peduncled, long and heavy,
loose-flowered, erect or nodding; perigynium large, thick in texture,
strongly nerved, mostly smooth, usually conspicuously beaked. Coarse
species.--Sp. 28, 29.
[*] 3. Microrhynchae. Parallel with [*] 2; distinguished in general by
the much smaller and nearly or entirely beakless and mostly
entire-mouthed perigynium, which is much thinner in texture; stigmas 2
or 3. Paludose and alpine species, of various habit, mostly with colored
spikes, often in dense tufts or tussocks.
[+] 1. _Atratae._ Terminal spike club-shaped and androgynous with the
staminate flowers below (very rarely all staminate in n. 32); pistillate
spikes mostly short and dark-colored, erect or drooping; stigmas 3.--Sp.
30--32.
[+] 2. _Rigidae._ Mostly stiff, with short erect closely flowered spikes,
an entirely staminate terminal spike, dark colored scales, and bracts
with purple or black auricles at base; stigmas 2 or 3.--Sp. 33.
[+] 3. _Acutae._ Mostly larger and more slender, usually paludose, with
green or light-colored large and long spikes; stigmas 2 (3 in n. 39).
Distinguished from [+] 2 mainly by habit.--Sp. 34--39.
[+] 4. _Cryptocarpae._ Large, with nodding or drooping large spikes,
their dark scales very long and conspicuous; stigmas 2.--Sp. 40, 41.
[+] 5. _Pendulinae._ Distinguished from [+] 4 by the smaller size,
smaller spikes, sheathless bracts, and whitish, more or less granulated,
nearly pointless perigynium; stigmas 3.--Sp. 42--45.
[*] 4. Hymenochlaenae. Perigynium mostly light green or whitish, usually
thin and membranous, often somewhat inflated or loosely investing the
achene, commonly smooth and shining (hairy in n. 46, sometimes in
n. 47), slender or oblong, attenuate to a distinct or long minutely
toothed straight beak (or beakless or nearly so in [+] 1 and n. 55);
pistillate spikes several or many, mostly loosely flowered and on
filiform nodding or widely spreading peduncles; bracts leaf-like;
terminal spike staminate or androgynous; stigmas 3. Mostly rather tall
and slender upland species.
[+] 1. _Virescentes._ Terminal spike pistillate at top; pistillate
spikes oblong or cylindrical, dense, erect; perigynium ovate or obovate,
nearly or quite beakless, often hairy.--Sp. 46, 47.
[+] 2. _Sylvaticae._ Terminal spike all staminate; pistillate spikes
mostly long-exserted, slender; perigynium few-nerved, contracted into a
cylindrical beak which is longer than the body.--Sp. 48.
[+] 3. _Flexiles._ Terminal spike all staminate; pistillate spikes
rather thick (very small in n. 50), more or less drooping; perigynium
beaked, few-nerved or nerveless, tawny or whitish.--Sp. 49, 50.
[+] 4. _Debiles._ Terminal spike all staminate (occasionally pistillate
above in n. 53); pistillate spikes very narrow and slender,
long-exserted and nodding, mostly very loosely flowered; perigynium
rather small, not turgid, prominently beaked.--Sp. 51--53.
[+] 5. _Gracillimae._ Terminal spike pistillate at top; pistillate spikes
habitually thicker than in [+] 4; perigynium ovate-oblong, more or less
turgid; the beak short or none.--Sp. 54--57.
[+] 6. _Griseae._ Terminal spike staminate; perigynium more or less
turgid or plump, often glaucous, scarcely beaked, finely striate; spikes
erect.--Sp. 58, 59.
[*] 5. Spirostachyae. Perigynium smooth or minutely granulated or rarely
somewhat serrate on the margins, prominently nerved, mostly yellowish,
squarrose, mostly beaked (entirely beakless in n. 63), the orifice
entire; staminate spike mostly single; pistillate spikes 2--5, short
(usually 1' long or less), yellow or fuscous, compactly flowered;
stigmas 3.--Medium-sized species, growing in meadows and grassy swales.
[+] 1. _Granulares._ Spikes scattered, cylindrical, the lowest
long-stalked; bracts erect, long and leafy; sheaths short or nearly
obsolete.--Sp. 60, 61.
[+] 2. _Extensae._ Spikes mostly approximate or aggregated at the top of
the culm (becoming remote in C. extensa), the lowest 1 or 2 subtended by
a long and leafy mostly abruptly spreading and nearly or entirely
sheathless bract. Terminal spike sometimes androgynous.--Sp. 62.
[+] 3. _Pallescentes._ Spikes globular or short-oblong, obtuse, sessile
or short-peduncled, approximate at the top of the culm; bracts short,
leaf-like, sheathless; perigynium entire at the orifice, the beak none
or very short and stout.--Sp. 63, 64.
[*] 6. Dactylostachyae. Perigynium mostly short and triangular, mostly
with a short and straight or curved beak, green or greenish, scarcely
inflated; scales of the pistillate spikes mostly whitish (sometimes
dark-colored in the _Digitatae_), often small; staminate spike mostly
one; pistillate spikes short (seldom exceeding 1'), commonly rather
loosely flowered and slender (spike single and plant dioecious in n.
83); bracts sheathing, the sheaths often conspicuous and colored.--Low
and lax or slender species inhabiting meadows and copses.
[+] 1. _Oligocarpae._ Slender and narrow-leaved, with leafy bracts and
inconspicuous green sheaths; perigynium rounded on the angles, finely
many-striate, often somewhat punctulate as in n. 58, to which the group
forms a transition.--Sp. 65--67.
[+] 2. _Laxiflorae._ Slender and more or less broad-leaved, with mostly
leafy bracts, green or purple sheaths, and loosely flowered spikes;
perigynium mostly conspicuously three-angled, with a more or less curved
beak.--Sp. 68--74.
[+] 3. _Paniceae._ Mostly stouter and narrow-leaved, with thinner spikes;
perigynium often strongly nerved, not conspicuously triangular, often
somewhat turgid; bracts and sheaths various.--Sp. 75--78.
[+] 4. _Bicolores._ Small species with a beakless, more or less round or
pyriform perigynium, which is commonly glaucous; terminal spike
androgynous or all staminate; stigmas mostly 2.--Sp. 79.
[+] 5. _Digitatae._ Low species; sheaths membranaceous or hyaline and
colored, either not prolonged into a bract or the bract very short and
not foliaceous; perigynium more or less three-angled, often hairy, the
beak straight or nearly so.--Sp. 80--83.
[*] 7. Sphaeridiophorae. Perigynium mostly short and rounded, three-angled
in the _Triquetrae_, firm or hard in texture, not inflated, hairy or
scabrous, the beak straight and usually bifid; staminate spike one;
pistillate spikes short (1' long or less), usually globular or
short-oblong, more or less sessile and approximate or the longer ones
radical (spike single in n. 84); bracts sheathless, short, or obsolete;
stigmas rarely two.--Low species of dry ground, with leaves all radical.
[+] 1. _Scirpinae._ Spike one, unisexual; plant dioecious.--Sp. 84.
[+] 2. _Montanae._ Spikes two to several, the lowest occasionally
long-peduncled and radical; perigynium rounded, contracted above and
below, mostly bearing two prominent ribs, more or less hairy.--Low
species of dry soils.--Sp. 85--91.
[+] 3. _Triquetrae._ Taller; spikes mostly approximate at the top of the
culm, oblong or cylindrical; perigynium conspicuously 3-angled.--Sp. 92.
[*] 8. Phyllostachyae. Perigynium much as in the _Montanae_; spike one,
staminate above; pistillate flowers few, often remote, usually on a more
or less zigzag rhachis; scales prolonged and leaf-like.--Sp. 93--95.
[*] 9. Leptocephalae. Perigynium thin in texture, green, oblong or
lanceolate or linear in general outline, beakless; spike one, staminate
above, thin and slender; stigmas mostly three.--Small, slender and
grass-like.--Sp. 96.
[*] 10. Physocephalae. Spike one, globular or short-oblong, staminate at
the apex; perigynium straw-colored, paper-like, more or less inflated;
stigmas three. Leaves remarkably broad in our species.--Sp. 97.
Sec. 2. VIGNEA. Staminate flowers few and inconspicuous, borne at the base
or apex of the pistillate spikes. Pistillate flowers in short sessile
spikes (or spike single in some cases), which are commonly more or less
aggregated into heads or even panicled. Perigynium plano-convex. Styles
two and achene lenticular.--The spikes, especially the uppermost,
usually have contracted bases when the staminate flowers are borne below
the pistillate ones, and empty scales at the top when the staminate
flowers are borne at the summit.
[*] 11. Acroarrhenae. Staminate flowers borne at the top of the spikes
(or, in the _Multiflorae_ and _Arenariae_, spikes often wholly staminate
and the plants occasionally dioecious).
[+] 1. _Foetidae._ Spikes tawny or brown, not elongated, very densely
aggregated into a continuous globose somewhat chaffy head; perigynium
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, nerveless or nearly so, mostly thin in
texture.--Sp. 98, 99.
[+] 2. _Vulpinae._ Spikes mostly yellow or tawny when mature, densely
aggregated or sometimes somewhat scattered below or even panicled;
perigynium thick in texture, spongy at base, mostly stipitate, bearing
very conspicuous nerves, which converge below and are especially
prominent on the outer side.--Sp. 100--102.
[+] 3. _Multiflorae._ Heads various, mostly loosely flowered, sometimes a
panicle, yellow or tawny; spikes short (rarely longer than broad),
staminate flowers sometimes occupying whole spikes in the middle or at
the apex of the head; perigynium mostly small and short and nearly
nerveless, or in some species becoming nearly lanceolate and more or
less prominently nerved, firm in texture, usually numerous.--Sp.
103--108.
[+] 4. _Arenariae._ Spikes longer than in the last section, linear or
nearly so, aggregated into short, almost globose heads; perigynium
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly larger and more delicate in
texture; scales awn-pointed or very acute. Staminate flowers variously
situated.--(C. arenaria.)
[+] 5. _Muhlenbergianae._ Spikes green or nearly so when mature,
aggregated or scattered, never in compound heads; perigynium mostly
short-ovate, staminate flowers always at the top of the spike.--Sp.
109--114.
[+] 6. _Dioicae._ Spike commonly one, small; plants small and slender,
often dioecious.--Sp. 115--117.
[*] 12. Hyparrhenae. Staminate flowers borne at the base of the spikes
(or in n. 124 and 125 variously situated).
[+] 1. _Elongatae._ Spikes silvery green or sometimes tawny when mature,
distinct, mostly small; perigynium not wing-margined nor conspicuously
broadened, mostly nearly flat on the inner surface.--Sp. 118--124.
[+] 2. _Ovales._ Spikes tawny or dark, rather large, sometimes crowded;
perigynium with a more or less thin or winged margin, which is mostly
incurved at maturity, rendering the perigynium concave inside.--Sp.
125--132.
[+] 3. _Cyperoideae._ Spikes green, oblong, densely crowded into a short
head subtended by two or three leafy bracts which are erect and
prolonged from six inches to a foot; perigynium linear-lanceolate,
scarcely margined.--Sp. 133.
Artificial Key.
Spike 1, staminate at top; scales of pistillate flowers leaf-like
Sp. 93-95
Spike 1, scales not leaf-like.
Usually dioecious, stigma 2 115-117
Stigmas 3.--
Perigynium densely hairy 84
Spike staminate at base; perigynia squarrose 21
Spike staminate at top.--
Globose; leaves broad 97
Perigynium nearly linear, beakless 96
Perigynium long, spindle-shaped 1
Spikes several or numerous, sessile, spicate or capitate; stigmas 2.
All in a globose or ovoid uninterrupted head.
All staminate above.--
Usually green at maturity 112, 114
Usually yellow or tawny or brown 98, 99, 104, 105
All staminate below.--
Leafy-bracteate 133
Not leafy-bracteate.--
Green 118-120
Usually tawny or brown 125-132
Some or all of the spikes distinct or the head interrupted.
Staminate and pistillate flowers variously disposed, some of the
spikes often unisexual.
Head large and long 108, C. arenaria
Head short or linear 124, 125
Spikes staminate above 100-114
Spikes staminate below 118-133
Spikes usually more or less pedicelled, the wholly or partially
staminate spikes uppermost.
Terminal spike (rarely the 2 or 3 uppermost) staminate only at base.
Stigmas 2 34-38, 79
Stigmas 3; spikes erect,
Short and squarrose 20, 21
Not squarrose 22, 30, 32, 46, 47, 54, 79
Stigmas 3; spikes more or less drooping 31, 51-53, 55-57
Terminal spike or spikes staminate.
Stigmas 2.--
Spikes spreading or pendulous 34, 37, 40, 41
Spikes erect or nearly so 9-16, 34-41, 85-91, 79
Stigmas 3; spikes spreading or drooping.
Perigynium prominently 3-angled 68-74
Perigynium large, thin, much inflated 9-16
Perigynium firmer, not inflated.
Beakless 42-45
Beaked or prominently pointed.--
Teeth long, stiff and sharp 17-19
Teeth short and thin, or none 30, 31, 39, 48-53
Stigmas 3; spikes erect or ascending.
Perigynium hairy.--
Spikes very large, globose 6
Spikes very small, sessile or nearly so 81-83, 85-92
Spikes cylindrical, heavy 24-28
Perigynium granular-roughened 23
Perigynium smooth,
Thin and turgid, loosely enclosing the achene.--
Beakless 58, 59
Beaked 5-17
Firm in texture, not inflated,
Long-beaked, deeply toothed 2-4, 26, 28
Less prominently beaked, short-toothed, sharply 3-angled
69-74
Wholly beakless and pointless 58, 59, 63, 78, 79
Very small, black and shining; leaves capillary 80
Culm and leaves thinly pubescent 64
Perigynium more or less pointed or beaked.
Spikes spreading or drooping 51-53, 68-70, 75
Spikes erect 60-62, 65-68, 71-78
[*] 1. PHYSOCARPAE.--[+] 1. _Pauciflorae_.
1. C. pauciflora, Lightf. (Pl. 5, fig. 1--16.) Very slender but erect,
6--18' high; leaves very narrow, much shorter than the culm; staminate
and pistillate flowers 2--5; perigynium at maturity easily
detached.--Cold sphagnum swamps, New Eng. to N. Penn. and Minn.; local.
(Eu.)
[*] 1.--[+] 2. _Lupulinae_.
[++] _Teeth of the perigynium strongly reflexed._
2. C. subulata, Michx. Green, very slender but erect, 6'--2 deg. high;
leaves narrow, somewhat shorter than the culm; bracts leafy, sheathing;
pistillate spikes 2--4, scattered, 2--6-flowered; perigynium
deflexed.--Deep sphagnum swamps, R. I. to E. Penn., and southward; very
local.
[++][++] _Teeth erect or spreading._
[=] _Whole plant yellowish; perigynium little or not at all inflated._
3. C. Michauxiana, Boeckl. Slender but stiff and erect, 1--2 deg. high;
leaves narrow and firm, shorter than the culm; spikes 2--3, the lowest
usually remote and short-peduncled, the remainder aggregated and
sessile; staminate spike small, wholly sessile; perigynium not inflated,
erect or spreading, twice longer than the blunt scale. (C. rostrata,
_Michx._)--Bogs and lake-borders, mountains of N. H. and N. Y., and
westward to L. Superior; local.