few--many-flowered, the scales closely appressed and the broad wings of
the jointed rhachis enclosing the triangular achene._
19. C. speciosus, Vahl. Culm stout, _mostly low_ (5--20' high); _rays of
the simple or compound umbel mostly all short and crowded; spikelets
10--20-flowered, yellowish-brown_ at maturity (3--7'' long), the short
joints of its axis winged with very broad scaly margins which embrace
the _ovate triangular achene; the scales ovate, obtusish, imbricately
overlapping_. (C. Michauxianus, _Gray_, Manual; not _Schultes_.)--Low
grounds and sandy banks, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Minn. and Tex.
20. C. Engelmanni, Steud. Resembles n. 19; but the _spikelets more
slender_ and terete, _somewhat remotely 5--15-flowered_, the zigzag
joints of the axis slender and narrowly winged, and the oblong or oval
broadly scarious _scales proportionally shorter_, so as to expose a part
of the axis of each joint, _the successive scales not reaching the base
of the one above_ on the same side; achene oblong-linear, very
small.--Low grounds, Mass. to Wisc. and southward.
Sec. 5. MARISCUS. _Spikelets 1--4-flowered, subterete, usually in dense
heads; scales oppressed, several-nerved, the lower empty and often
persistent after the fall of the rest of the spikelet; joints of the
rhachis winged, enclosing the triangular achene. Perennial._
[*] _Spikelets slender and acuminate, more or less refracted in usually
close umbelled spikes.--Connecting with Sec. 4._
21. C. Lancastriensis, Porter. Culm (1--2 deg. high) triangular; _leaves
rather broadly linear_; umbel of 6--9 mostly elongated rays; _spikelets
very numerous in short-oblong close heads_, soon reflexed, of 3--6
narrow scales, the upper and lower empty, twice the length of the
linear-oblong achene, which is nearly 1'' long.--Rich soil, Penn. and
N. J. to Ala.
22. C. retrofractus, Torr. Culm and leaves usually minutely downy and
rough on the obtusish angles (1--3 deg. high); umbel many-rayed; _spikelets
slender-awl-shaped_, very numerous in obovate or oblong heads
terminating the elongated rays, _soon strongly reflexed, 1--2-flowered_
in the middle (3--5'' long); scales usually 4 or 5, the two lowest ovate
and empty, the fertile lanceolate and pointed, the uppermost
involute-awl-shaped; achene linear, 11/4'' long.--Sandy fields, N. J. to
Fla. and Tex.
23. C. refractus, Engelm. Culm 1--2 deg. high; rays usually more or less
elongated; spikelets very slender, in rather loose heads, divaricate or
more or less reflexed, 2--4-flowered; achene linear, 11/4'' long.--N. J.
to N. C. and Mo.
[*][*] _Spikelets very short, blunt, in densely compacted globose or
cylindrical heads._
24. C. ovularis, Torr. Culm sharply triangular (6'--2 deg. high); umbel
1--6-rayed; _spikelets_ (50--100) in a _globular head, 3-flowered,
oblong, blunt_ (11/2--2'' long); scales ovate, obtuse, a little longer
than the ovate-oblong achene.--Sandy dry soil, southern N. Y. to Fla.,
west to Ill., Ark., and Tex.--Var. ROBUSTUS, Boeckl., is a form with
large heads (4--8'' long), the spikelets 3--4-flowered. (C. Wolfii,
_Wood_.)--Ill. to Ark., and southward.
25. C. Torreyi, Britton. Like the last, but the _heads cylindrical or
oblong, spikelets usually 2-flowered_, and _achene linear-oblong_.--L.
Island to Fla., west to Tex.
2. KYLLINGA, Rottboell. (Pl. 1.)
Spikelets of 3 or 4 two-ranked scales, 1--1{1/2}-flowered; the 2 lower
scales minute and empty, as in Cyperus, Sec. 4, but style oftener 2-cleft
and achene lenticular; spikes densely aggregated in solitary or triple
sessile heads.--Culms leafy at base; involucre 3-leaved. (Named after
_Peter Kylling_, a Danish botanist of the 17th century.)
1. K. pumila, Michx. Annual; culms 2--9' high; head globular or 3-lobed,
whitish-green (about 4'' broad), spikelets strictly 1-flowered; upper
scales ovate, pointed, rough on the keel; stamens and styles 2; leaves
linear.--Low grounds, Ohio to Ill., south to Fla. and Tex. Aug.
3. DULICHIUM, Pers. (Pl. 1.)
Spikelets many- (6--10-) flowered, linear, flattened, sessile in 2 ranks
on axillary solitary peduncles emerging from the sheaths of the leaves;
scales 2-ranked, lanceolate, decurrent, forming flat wing-like margins
on the joint below. Perianth of 6--9 downwardly barbed bristles.
Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft above. Achene flattened, linear-oblong, beaked
with the long persistent style.--A perennial herb, with a terete simple
hollow culm (1--2 deg. high), jointed and leafy to the summit; leaves short
and flat, linear, 3-ranked. (An alteration of _Dulcichinum_, an old name
for a species of Cyperus.)
1. D. spathaceum, Pers.--Borders of ponds, N. Scotia to Fla., west to
Minn. and Tex. July--Sept.
4. ELEOCHARIS, R. Br. SPIKE-RUSH. (Pl. 3.)
Spikelet single, terminating the naked culm, many--several-flowered.
Scales imbricated all round in many (rarely in 2 or 3) ranks. Perianth
of 3--12 (commonly 6) bristles, usually rough or barbed downward, rarely
obsolete. Stamens 2--3. Style 2--3-cleft, its bulbous base persistent as
a tubercle jointed upon the apex of the lenticular or triangular
achene.--Leafless, chiefly perennial, with tufted culms sheathed at the
base, from matted or creeping root-stocks; flowering in summer. (Name
from [Greek: e(/los], _a marsh_, and [Greek: chai/ro] _to delight in_;
being marsh plants.)
Sec. 1. _Spikelet terete, hardly if at all thicker than the spongy-cellular
culm; scales firmly persistent; style mostly 3-cleft; bristles 6 (rarely
7), firm or rigid, mostly barbed downward, equalling or surpassing the
triangular or lenticular achene._
[*] _Spikelet linear or lanceolate-awl-shaped, few-flowered; scales
(only 3--9) few-ranked, convolute-clasping the long flattened joints of
the axis, lanceolate, herbaceous (green) and several-nerved on the back,
and with thin scarious margins._
1. E. Robbinsii, Oakes. _Flower-bearing culms exactly triangular_,
rather stout, erect (8'--2 deg. high), also producing tufts of capillary
abortive stems or fine leaves, which float in the water; sheath
obliquely truncate; spikelet 4--10'' long; achene oblong-obovate,
triangular, minutely reticulated, about half the length of the bristles,
tipped with a flattened awl-shaped tubercle.--Shallow water, N. Eng. to
Fla.
[*][*] _Spikelet cylindrical, many-flowered, 1--2' long; scales in
several ranks, firm-coriaceous with scarious margin, pale, nerveless or
faintly striate; culms large and stout (2--4 deg. high); basal sheaths often
leaf-bearing._
2. E. equisetoides, Torr. _Culm terete, knotted as if jointed by many
cross-partitions; achene smooth_ (the minute reticulation transversely
linear-rectangular), with a conical-beaked tubercle.--Shallow water,
R. I. to Fla., west to Mich. and Tex.
3. E. quadrangulata, R. Br. (Pl. 3, fig. 6--9.) _Culm continuous and
sharply 4-angled; achene finely reticulated_, with a conical flattened
distinct tubercle.--Shallow water, central N. Y. to Mich., and
southward; rare.
Sec. 2. _Spikelet terete and turgid-ovate, much thicker than the very
slender culm; scales thin-coriaceous or firm-membranaceous, persistent,
ovate; style 3-cleft; bristles stout, barbed downward (or sometimes
upward), as long as the striate and pitted-reticulated triangular achene
and its tubercle; culms tufted from fibrous roots, 1--2 deg. high._
4. E. tuberculosa, R. Br. (Pl. 3, fig. 10.) _Culms flattish_, striate;
spikelet 3--6'' long, many-flowered; _tubercle flattish-cap-shaped, as
large as the body of the achene_.--Wet sandy soil, from Mass. along the
coast to Fla.
5. E. tortilis, Schult. _Culms sharply triangular, capillary_, twisting
when dry; spikelet 2--3'' long, few-flowered; _conical-beaked tubercle
much smaller than the achene_. (E. simplex, _Torr._)--Eastern shore of
Md. to Fla.
Sec. 3. _Spikelets terete, much thicker than the culm, many-flowered;
scales imbricated in many or more than 3 ranks, thin-membranaceous or
scarious, with a thicker midrib, usually brownish or purplish, sometimes
deciduous._
[*] _Style 2-cleft (often 3-cleft in n. 7 and 10) and the smooth achene
lenticular; culms slender or thread-form, terete or compressed._
[+] _Annuals; culms tufted, from fibrous roots._
6. E. capitata, R. Br. Culms terete, 1/4--8' high or more; _spikelets
ovate to oblong_ (1--3'' long), obtuse, 15--40-flowered; _scales
thickish_, round-ovate, _obtuse_, brown or brownish with green keel and
paler margins; stamens 2; achene obovate, _black, about equalling the
6--8 bristles_, tipped with a flattened or saucer-shaped tubercle. (E.
dispar, _E. J. Hill_.)--In sand or gravel near sloughs, Md. (_Canby_) to
Fla. and Tex.; N. Ind. (_Hill_). (S. Am., etc.)
7. E. ovata, R. Br. Culms nearly terete, 8--14' high; _spikelet
globose-ovoid to ovate-oblong, obtuse_, 1--6'' long (dull brown);
_scales very obtuse, densely crowded in many ranks; style_ 3- (rarely
2-) _cleft_; achene obovate with narrow base, pale-brownish, shining,
shorter than the 6--8 bristles, _broader than the short-deltoid, acute
and flattened tubercle_. (E. obtusa, _Schult._)--Muddy places,
N. Brunswick to Minn., south and westward. Variable as to the length of
its bristles. A low form, with smaller and more narrowly obovate
achenes, and the bristles very short or none, is E. diandra, _Wright_. A
dwarf form occurs with very small and few-flowered heads. (Eu.)
8. E. Engelmanni, Steud. Like the last; spikelets usually narrowly
cylindrical and acute or acutish, 2--8'' long; achene broad and
truncate, the tubercle covering the summit; bristles not exceeding the
achene. (E. obtusa, var. detonsa, _Gray_.)--Mass. to Penn. and Mo.
[+][+] _Perennials, with running rootstocks._
9. E. olivacea, Torr. (Pl. 2, fig. 1--5.) Culms flattish, grooved,
diffusely tufted on slender matted rootstocks (2--4' high); _spikelet
ovate, acutish, 20--30-flowered; scales ovate, obtuse_, rather loosely
imbricated (purple with a green midrib and slightly scarious margins);
achene obovate, dull, abruptly beaked with a narrow tubercle, shorter
than the _6--8 bristles_.--Wet, sandy soil, Mass. to N. C., and western
N. Y.
10. E. palsutris, R. Br. Culms nearly terete, striate, 1--5 deg. high;
_spikelet oblong-lanceolate, pointed, many-flowered; scales
ovate-oblong_, loosely imbricated, reddish-brown with a broad and
translucent whitish margin and a greenish keel, the upper acutish, the
lowest rounded and often enlarged; achene rather narrowly obovate,
somewhat shining, crowned with a short ovate or ovate-triangular
flattened tubercle, shorter than the _usually 4 bristles_.--Very common,
either in water, when it is pretty stout and tall, or in wet grassy
grounds, when it is slender and lower. (Eu., Asia.)--Var. GLAUCESCENS,
Gray. Culms slender or filiform; tubercle narrower, acute, beak-like,
sometimes half as long as the achene. With the type.--Var. CALVA, Gray.
Bristles none; tubercle short, but narrower than in the type.--Var.
VIGENS, L. H. Bailey. Culms very stout, rigid; achene more broadly
obovoid. Lake Champlain and along the Great Lakes to Minn.
[*][*] _Achene triangular or turgid; style 3-cleft._
[+] _Bristles at least equalling the smooth achene, downwardly barbed,
persistent._
11. E. rostellata, Torr. _Culms flattened and striate-grooved_, wiry,
erect (1--21/2 deg. high), _the sterile ones reclining, rooting and
proliferous_ from the apex (1--2 deg. high), the sheath transversely
truncate; _spikelet spindle-shaped_, 12--20-flowered; scales ovate,
obtuse (light-brown); achene obovate-triangular, narrowed into the
confluent pyramidal tubercle, which is overtopped by the 4--6
bristles.--Marshes, N. Eng. to S. C., west to Mich. and Ky.
12. E. intermedia, Schultes. _Culms capillary, wiry_, striate-grooved,
densely tufted from fibrous roots, _diffusely spreading or reclining_
(6--12' long); _spikelet oblong-ovate, acutish, loosely 10--20-flowered_
(2--3'' long); scales oblong, obtuse, green-keeled, the sides
purplish-brown; achene obovoid with a narrowed base, beaked with a
slender conical-awl-shaped distinct tubercle, which nearly equals the 6
bristles.--Wet slopes, Penn. to Iowa, north to Canada.
13. E. Torreyana, Boeckl. Like the preceding, but more capillary and
heads smaller (11/2--2'' long), _sometimes proliferous_, the one or more
short new culms from the axil of its lowest scale, which persists as an
herbaceous bract; achene very much smaller, with sharper angles and a
short conical tubercle, which is hardly equalled by the 3--6 slender
bristles. (E. microcarpa, var. filiculmis, _Torr._)--Wet pine-barrens,
N. J. to Fla.
(Addendum) 13^a. E. albida, Torr. Like n. 12 and 13 in habit, somewhat
stouter; spikelet dense, ellipsoidal or oblong, 1--4'' long, acutish,
with pale obtuse scales; achene very small, triangular-obovate, very
smooth, with a broadly triangular tubercle upon a narrow base, shorter
than or exceeding the reddish bristles.--Salt marshes, Northampton Co.,
Va. (_Canby_), and south to Fla. and Tex.
[+][+] _Bristles 2--4, shorter than the achene, slender and fragile, or
none._
14. E. tenuis, Schultes. _Culms almost capillary, erect_ from running
rootstocks, _4-angular_ and flattish (1 deg. high), the sides concave;
_spikelet elliptical, acutish, 20--30-flowered_ (3'' long); _scales
ovate, obtuse_, chestnut-purple with a broad scarious margin and green
keel; _achene obovate, roughish-wrinkled, crowned with a small depressed
tubercle_, persistent after the fall of the scales; bristles 1/2 as long
as the achene or none.--N. Scotia to N. C., Minn., and Mo. June.
15. E. compressa, Sullivant. _Culms flat_, striate, tufted, erect (1--2 deg.
high); _spikelet ovate-oblong_, or at length lanceolate,
_20--30-flowered_ (4--7'' long); _scales lanceolate-ovate, acute_, dark
purple with broad white pellucid margins and summit; _achene_ yellowish,
_obovate-pear-shaped_, obtusely triangular, _wrinkled, crowned with a
small conical_ and pointed _tubercle; bristles 1--4, very slender_,
fragile, shorter than or equalling the achene (sometimes none or a
single rudiment).--Wet places, N. Y. and Ont. to Minn. and Mo.
16. E. melanocarpa, Torr. _Culms flattened_, grooved, wiry, erect
(9--18' high); _spikelet cylindrical-ovoid or oblong, thick_, obtuse,
densely many-flowered (3--6'' long); scales closely many-ranked,
roundish-ovate, very obtuse, brownish with broad scarious margins;
_achene smooth, obovate-top-shaped, obtusely triangular, the broad
summit entirely covered like a lid by the flat depressed tubercle_,
which is raised in the centre into a short abrupt triangular point;
bristles often obsolete; achene soon blackish.--Wet sand, Mass. to Fla.
17. E. tricostata, Torr. _Culms flattish_ (1--2 deg. high); _spikelet soon
cylindrical_, densely many-flowered (6--9'' long), thickish; scales
ovate, very obtuse, rusty brown, with broad scarious margins; _achene
obovate, with 3 prominent thickened angles, minutely rough-wrinkled,
crowned with a short-conical acute tubercle_; bristles none.--N. J. to
Fla.
18. E. Wolfii, Gray. Culms slender (1 deg. high), from very small creeping
rhizomes, _2-edged_; spikelet ovate-oblong, acute; scales ovate-oblong,
obtuse, scarious, pale purple; achene pyriform, shining, _with 9 nearly
equidistant obtuse ribs and transverse wrinkles between them; tubercle
depressed, truncate_, more or less apiculate; bristles not seen.--Wet
prairies, N. Iowa and S. Minn.
Sec. 4. _Spikelet more or less flattened, thicker than the slender or
capillary culm, few--many-flowered; the thin membranaceous scales
somewhat 2--3-ranked; style 3-cleft; bristles of the perianth 3--6,
fragile or fugacious. Small or delicate species, differing from the last
division chiefly in the flattish spikelets._
[*] _Tubercle contracted at its junction with the achene._
19. E. acicularis, R. Br. Culms finely capillary (2--8' long), _more or
less 4-angular_; spikelet 3--9-flowered; scales ovate-oblong, rather
obtuse (greenish with purple sides); achene obovate-oblong, _with
3-ribbed angles and 2--3 times as many smaller intermediate ribs_, also
transversely striate, longer than the 3--4 very fugacious bristles;
_tubercle conical-triangular_.--Muddy shores, across the continent.
(Eu., Asia.)
20. E. pygmaea, Torr. Culms bristle like, flattened and grooved (1--2'
high); spikelet ovate, 3--8-flowered; scales ovate (greenish), the upper
rather acute; _achene ovoid, acutely triangular, smooth and shining,
tipped with a minute tubercle_; bristles mostly longer than the fruit,
sometimes wanting.--Brackish marshes, from N. Brunswick to Fla.
[*][*] _Tubercle continuous with the nutlet and not contracted at base._
21. E. pauciflora, Link. Culms striate-angled, very slender (3--9'
high), scarcely tufted, on slender running rootstocks, with a short
truncate sheath at base; scales of the ovate spikelet evidently
2-ranked, chestnut-brown, pointless, all flower-bearing, the two lower
larger; bristles 3--6, about as long as the conspicuously beaked
triangular achene. (Scirpus pauciflorus, _Lightfoot_.)--Wet places,
N. Y. to N. Ill. and Minn., north and westward. (Eu., Asia.)
5. DICHROMENA, Richard. (Pl. 4.)
Spikelets aggregated in a terminal leafy-involucrate head, more or less
compressed, few-flowered, all but 3 or 4 of the flowers usually
imperfect or abortive. Scales imbricated somewhat in 2 ranks, more or
less conduplicate or boat-shaped, keeled, white or whitish. Stamens 3.
Style 2-cleft. Perianth, bristles, etc., none. Achene lenticular,
wrinkled transversely, crowned with the persistent and broad tubercled
base of the style.--Culms leafy, from creeping perennial rootstocks; the
leaves of the involucre mostly white at the base (whence the name, from
[Greek: di/s], _double_, and [Greek: chro~ma], _color_).
1. D. leucocephala, Michx. Culm triangular (1--2 deg. high); leaves narrow;
those of the involucre 4--7; achene truncate, not margined.--Damp
pine-barrens, N. J. to Fla. Aug., Sept.
2. D. latifolia, Baldwin. (Pl. 4, fig. 1--5.) Culm stouter, nearly
terete; leaves broadly linear, those of the involucre 8 or 9, tapering
from base to apex; achene round-obovate, faintly wrinkled, the tubercle
decurrent on its edges.--Low pine-barrens, Va. to Fla.
6. PSILOCARYA, Torr. BALD-RUSH. (Pl. 4.)
Spikelets ovoid, terete, the numerous scales all alike and regularly
imbricated, each with a perfect flower. Perianth (bristles) wholly
wanting. Stamens mostly 2. Style 2-cleft, its base or the greater part
of it enlarging and hardening to form the beak of the lenticular or
tumid more or less wrinkled achene.--Annuals, with leafy culms, the
spikelets in terminal and axillary cymes. (Name from [Greek: psilo/s],
_naked_, and [Greek: kary/a], _nut_.)
1. P. scirpoides, Torr. Annual (4--10' high), leafy; leaves flat;
spikelets 20--30-flowered; scales oblong-ovate, acute, chestnut-colored;
achene somewhat margined, beaked with a sword-shaped almost wholly
persistent style. (Rhynchospora scirpoides, _Gray_.)--Inundated places,
S. N. Eng.
7. FIMBRISTYLIS, Vahl. (Pl. 3.)
Spikelets several--many-flowered, terete; scales all floriferous,
regularly imbricated in several ranks. Perianth (bristles, etc.) none.
Stamens 1--3. Style 2--3-cleft, often with a dilated or tumid base,
which is deciduous (except in n. 4) from the apex of the naked
lenticular or triangular achene. Otherwise as in Scirpus.--Culms leafy
at base. Spikelets in our species umbelled, and the involucre
2--3-leaved. (Name compounded of _fimbria_, a fringe, and _stylus_,
style, which is fringed with hairs in the genuine species.)
[*] _Style 2-cleft, flattened and ciliate; achene lenticular; tubercle
soon deciduous; spikelets many-flowered._
1. F. spadicea, Vahl, var. castanea, Gray. Culms (1--2{1/2} deg. high)
tufted from a _perennial root, rigid_, as are the _thread-form
convolute-channelled leaves_, smooth; spikelets ovate-oblong becoming
cylindrical, dark chestnut-color (2'' thick); _stamens 2 or 3; achene
very minutely striate and reticulated_.--Salt marshes along the coast,
N. Y. and N. J. to Fla. July--Sept.--Scales lighter colored than in the
tropical form.
2. F. laxa, Vahl. (Pl. 3, fig. 1--5.) Culms slender (2--12' high) from
an _annual root, weak_, grooved and flattish; _leaves linear, flat,
ciliate-denticulate, glaucous_, sometimes hairy; spikelets ovate, acute
(3'' long); _stamen 1; achene conspicuously 6--8-ribbed on each side,
and with finer cross-lines_.--Low ground, Penn. to Fla., west to Ill.
and La. July--Sept.
[*][*] _Style 3-cleft and achene triangular; tubercle soon deciduous;
spikelets smaller and fewer-flowered._
3. F. autumnalis, Roem. & Schult. (Pl. 3, fig. 6--9.) Annual (3--16'
high), in tufts; culms flat, slender, diffuse or erect; leaves flat,
acute; umbel compound; spikelets oblong, acute (1--2'' long), single or
2--3 in a cluster; scales ovate-lanceolate, mucronate; stamens
1--3.--Low grounds, Maine to Fla., west to Ill. and La.
[*][*][*] _Style 3-cleft, filiform and not ciliate; achene acutely
triangular; tubercle more or less persistent._
4. F. capillaris, Gray. Low annual, densely tufted (3--9' high); culm
and leaves nearly capillary, the latter short; umbel compound or
panicled; spikelets (2'' long) ovoid-oblong; stamens 2; achene minutely
wrinkled, very obtuse.--Sandy fields, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Minn.,
Tex., and the Pacific.
F. VAHLII, Link (F. congesta, _Torr._), a diminutive southern species,
with long filiform leaves, sessile capitate spikelets, narrow acuminate
scales, and the style 2-cleft and not ciliate, has been found in
ballast-sand along the northern coast.
8. SCIRPUS, Tourn. BULRUSH or CLUB-RUSH. (Pl. 3.)
Spikelets several--many-flowered, solitary or in a terminal cluster
which is subtended by a 1--several-leaved involucre (this when simple
often appearing like a continuation of the culm), terete, the scales
being regularly imbricated all round in many or several ranks, or rarely
somewhat compressed and the fewer scales inclining to be 2-ranked.
Flowers to all the scales, or to all but one or two of the lowest, all
perfect. Perianth of 3--6 mostly retrorsely barbed or ciliate bristles
(not elongated), or sometimes wanting. Stamens mostly 3. Style
2--3-cleft, simple, not bulbous at base, wholly deciduous, or sometimes
leaving a tip or point to the lenticular or triangular achene.--Culms
sheathed at base; the sheaths usually leaf-bearing. Mostly perennials;
flowering in summer. (The Latin name of the Bulrush.)
[*] _Spikelets solitary, few-flowered, small, often flattish; achene
triangular, smooth._
[+] _Involucre a short awl-shaped bract; culms tufted (3--12' high),
filiform._
1. S. caespitosus, L. _Culms terete_, wiry, densely sheathed at base, in
compact turfy tufts; the upper sheath bearing a very _short awl-shaped
leaf_; spikelet ovoid, rusty-color; involucral bract a rigid-pointed
scale, resembling the lowest proper scale of the spikelet and scarcely
surpassing it; _bristles 6, smooth_, longer than the abruptly
short-pointed achene.--Coast of Maine, alpine summits of N. Eng., swamps
of northern N. Y., N. Ill., Minn., and northward; also on Roan Mt.,
N. C. (Eu.)
2. S. Clintonii, Gray. _Culms acutely triangular_, almost bristle-like;
sheaths at the base bearing a _very slender almost bristle-shaped leaf_
shorter (usually very much shorter) than the culm; involucral bract
awl-shaped, mostly shorter than the chestnut-colored ovate spikelet,
which has _pointless scales_; otherwise as the next.--Rather dry plains,
N. Y. June.