3-lobed upper lip; the 3 lower spreading, and their claws, which form
the lower part of the curving tube, more or less separate or separable
to the base; after flowering the tube is revolute-coiled from the apex
downward, and its fleshy-thickened persistent base encloses the fruit.
Stamens 6; the 3 anterior long-exserted; the 3 posterior (often sterile
or imperfect) with very short filaments, unequally inserted lower down;
anthers versatile, oval, blue. Ovary 3-celled; two of the cells empty,
the other with a single suspended ovule. Utricle 1-celled, filled with
the single seed.--Stout herbs, growing in shallow water, with thick
creeping rootstocks, producing erect long-petioled mostly heart-shaped
leaves, and a 1-leaved stem, bearing a spike of violet-blue ephemeral
flowers. Root-leaves with a sheathing stipule within the petiole.
(Dedicated to _Pontedera_, Professor at Padua at the beginning of the
last century.)
1. P. cordata, L. Leaves arrow-heart-shaped, blunt, or sometimes
triangular-elongated and tapering and scarcely cordate (var.
ANGUSTIFOLIA, Torr.); spike dense, from a spathe-like bract; upper lobe
of perianth marked with a pair of yellow spots (rarely all white);
calyx-tube in fruit crested with 6 toothed ridges.--N. Scotia to Fla.,
west to Minn. and Tex. July--Sept.
2. HETERANTHERA, Ruiz & Pav. MUD-PLANTAIN.
Perianth salver-form with a slender tube; the limb somewhat equally
6-parted, ephemeral. Stamens 3, in the throat, usually unequal; anthers
erect. Capsule 1-celled or incompletely 3-celled by intrusion of the
placentae, many-seeded.--Creeping, floating or submerged low herbs, in
mud or shallow water, with a 1--few-flowered spathe bursting from the
sheathing side or base of a petiole. (Name from [Greek: e(te/ra],
_different_, and [Greek: a)nthera/], _anther_.)
[*] _Stamens unequal; 2 posterior filaments with ovate yellow anthers;
the other longer, with a larger oblong or sagittate greenish anther;
capsule incompletely 3-celled; leaves rounded, long-petioled; creeping
or floating plants._
1. H. reniformis, Ruiz & Pav. Leaves round-kidney-shaped to cordate and
acute; spathe 3--5-flowered; flowers white or pale blue.--Conn. to
N. J., west to Ill. and E. Kan., and southward. (S. Am.)
2. H. limosa, Vahl. Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, obtuse at both ends;
spathe 1-flowered; flowers larger, blue.--Va. to Mo. and La. (S. Am.)
[*][*] _Stamens alike, with sagittate anthers; capsule 1-celled, with 3
parietal placentae; leaves linear, translucent, sessile; submerged
grass-like herbs, with only the flowers reaching the surface._
3. H. graminea, Vahl. The slender branching stems clothed with leaves
and bearing a terminal 1-flowered spathe (becoming lateral); flowers
small, pale yellow, with a very long thread-like tube. (Schollera
graminifolia, _Willd._)--N. Eng. to N. C., west to Minn. and E. Kan.
ORDER 118. XYRIDACEAE. (YELLOW-EYED-GRASS FAMILY.)
_Rush-like herbs, with equitant leaves sheathing the base of a naked
scape, which is terminated by a head of perfect 3-androus flowers, with
extrorse anthers, glumaceous calyx, and a regular colored corolla; the
3-valved mostly 1-celled capsule containing several or many orthotropous
seeds with a minute embryo at the apex of fleshy albumen._
1. XYRIS, Gronov. YELLOW-EYED GRASS.
Flowers single in the axils of coriaceous scale-like bracts, which are
densely imbricated in a head. Sepals 3; the 2 lateral glume-like,
boat-shaped or keeled and persistent; the anterior one larger and
membranaceous, enwrapping the corolla in the bud and deciduous with it.
Petals 3, with claws, which cohere more or less. Fertile stamens 3, with
linear anthers, inserted on the claws of the petals, alternating with 3
sterile filaments, which are cleft and in our species plumose or bearded
at the apex. Style 3-cleft. Capsule oblong, free, 1-celled,
with 3 parietal more or less projecting placentae, 3-valved,
many-seeded.--Flowers yellow, produced all summer. Ours apparently all
perennials. ([Greek: Xyri/s], a name of some plant with 2-edged leaves,
from [Greek: xyro/n], a _razor_.)
1. X. flexuosa, Muhl. Scape slender (10--16' high), barely flattened at
the summit, often from a bulbous base, very smooth, much longer than the
narrowly linear leaves, both commonly twisted with age; head
roundish-ovoid (3--4'' long); _lateral sepals_ oblong lanceolate,
_finely ciliate-scarious on the narrow wingless keel_, usually with a
minute bearded tuft at the apex, shorter than the bract.--Sandy or peaty
bogs, Mass. to Fla., west to Minn. and Mo.
Var. pusilla, Gray. Small and very slender, seldom twisted, 2--9' high,
the base not bulbous; head 2--3'' long.--White Mts. to Penn., west to
L. Superior.
2. X. torta, Smith. Scape terete, with one sharp edge, slender, 9--20'
high, from a dark bulbous base, and with the _linear-filiform rigid
leaves_ becoming spirally twisted; head ovoid, becoming spindle-shaped,
or oblong and acute (5--9'' long); sepals exceeding the bract; _lateral
sepals winged on the keel and fringed above the middle_.--Pine barrens,
in dry sand, N. J. to Fla., Tex. and Ark.
3. X. Caroliniana, Walt. Scape flattish, 1-angled below, 2-edged at the
summit, smooth, 1/2--2 deg. high, the base hardly bulbous; _leaves
linear-sword-shaped, flat_, 2--4'' broad; head globular-ovoid (5--7''
long); _lateral sepals obscurely lacerate-fringed above on the winged
keel_, rather shorter than the bract.--Sandy swamps, near the coast,
Mass. to Fla.
4. X. fimbriata, Ell. Scape somewhat angled, 2-edged above, rough (2 deg.
high), rather longer than the linear-sword-shaped or strap-shaped
leaves, the base not bulbous; head oblong-ovate (6--10'' long); _lateral
sepals_ lanceolate-linear, _nearly twice the length of the bract, above
the middle conspicuously fringed on the wing-margined keel, and even
plumose at the summit_.--Pine-barrens, N. J. to Fla. and Tex.
ORDER 119. MAYACEAE. (MAYACA FAMILY.)
_Moss-like aquatic plants, densely leafy, with narrowly-linear sessile
pellucid leaves, axillary naked peduncles terminated by a solitary
perfect 3-androus flower, herbaceous calyx, white corolla, and a
3-valved 1-celled several-seeded capsule._
1. MAYACA, Aublet.
The only genus. Perianth persistent, of 3 herbaceous lanceolate sepals,
and 3 obovate petals. Stamens alternate with the petals. Ovary with 3
parietal few-ovuled placentae; style filiform; stigma simple.--Creeping
or floating in shallow water; the leaves 1-nerved, entire, notched at
the apex; the peduncle solitary, sheathed at base. (An aboriginal name.)
1. M. Michauxii, Schott & Endl. Peduncles not much exceeding the leaves,
nodding in fruit.--Va. to Fla. and Tex.
ORDER 120. COMMELINACEAE. (SPIDERWORT FAMILY.)
_Herbs, with fibrous or sometimes thickened roots, jointed and often
branching leafy stems, and chiefly perfect and 6-androus, often
irregular flowers, with the perianth free from the 2--3-celled ovary,
and having a distinct calyx and corolla_; viz., 3 persistent commonly
herbaceous sepals, and 3 petals, ephemeral, decaying or deciduous.
Stamens hypogynous, some of them often sterile; anthers with 2 separated
cells. Style 1; stigma undivided. Capsule 2--3-celled, 2--3-valved,
loculicidal, 3--several-seeded. Seeds orthotropous. Embryo small,
pulley-shaped, partly sunk in a shallow depression at the apex of the
albumen. Leaves ovate, lanceolate or linear, parallel-veined, flat,
sheathed at base; the uppermost often dissimilar and forming a kind of
spathe.--Chiefly tropical.
1. Commelina. Cyme sessile within a cordate or connate bract (spathe).
Petals unequal. Perfect stamens 3; filaments naked.
2. Tradescantia. Bracts leaf-like or small and scarious. Petals equal.
Perfect stamens 6; filaments bearded.
1. COMMELINA, Dill. DAY-FLOWER.
Flowers irregular. Sepals somewhat colored, unequal; the 2 lateral
partly united by their contiguous margins. Two lateral petals rounded or
kidney-shaped, on long claws, the odd one smaller. Stamens unequal, 3 of
them fertile, one of which is bent inward; 3 of them sterile and
smaller, with imperfect cross-shaped anthers; filaments naked. Capsule
3-celled, two of the cells 2-seeded, the other 1-seeded or
abortive.--Stems branching, often procumbent and rooting at the joints.
Leaves contracted at base into sheathing petioles; the floral one
heart-shaped and clasping, folded together or hooded, forming a spathe
enclosing the flowers, which expand for a single morning and are
recurved on their pedicel before and afterwards. Petals blue. Flowering
all summer. Ours all with perennial roots, or propagating by striking
root from the joints. (Dedicated to the early Dutch botanists. _J._ and
_G. Commelin_.)
[*] _Ventral cells 2-ovuled (usually 2-seeded), the dorsal 1-ovuled._
1. C. nudiflora, L. _Slender and creeping_, glabrous; leaves lanceolate,
small (1--2' long); spathe cordate, acute, _with margins not united;
seeds reticulated_. (C. Cayennensis, _Richard._)--Alluvial banks, Del.
to Fla., west to Ind., Mo. and Tex.
2. C. hirtella, Vahl. _Stout, erect_ (2--4 deg. high); leaves large,
lanceolate, _the sheaths brown-bearded_; spathes crowded,
_with margins united; seeds smooth_. (C. erecta, _Gray_, Man., not
_L._)--River-banks, Penn. to Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.
[*][*] _Cells 1-ovuled, 1-seeded; seeds smooth; spathe cucullate; roots
sub-tuberous_.
3. C. erecta, L. Slender, often low; _leaves linear; cells all
dehiscent_.--Penn. to Fla.
4. C. Virginica, L. Slender, usually tall; _leaves lanceolate_ to
linear; _dorsal cell indehiscent, scabrous_.--Damp rich woods and banks,
southern N. Y. to Fla., west to Mich., Iowa, and Mo.
2. TRADESCANTIA, L. SPIDERWORT.
Flowers regular. Sepals herbaceous. Petals all alike, ovate, sessile.
Stamens all fertile; filaments bearded. Capsule 2--3-celled, the cells
1--2-seeded.--Perennials. Stems mucilaginous, mostly upright, nearly
simple, leafy. Leaves keeled. Flowers ephemeral, in umbelled clusters,
axillary and terminal, produced through the summer; floral leaves nearly
like the others. (Named for the elder _Tradescant_, gardener to Charles
the First of England.)
[*] _Umbels terminal or sometimes lateral, sessile, subtended by 1 or 2
leaf-like bracts; leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, flowers blue._
1. T. Virginica, L. (COMMON SPIDERWORT.) Roots fleshy-fibrous, smooth or
only slightly villous, more or less glaucous, often tall and slender and
with linear leaves, rather rarely with 1 or 2 long lateral peduncles;
bracts usually a pair.--Rich ground, N. Y. to Fla., west to Minn., Tex.,
and the Rocky Mts. Very variable.--Var. VILLOSA, Watson. Often dwarf,
more or less villous throughout as well as pubescent. Mississippi valley
and Gulf States.--Var. FLEXUOSA, Watson. Stout and dark green, with
large linear-lanceolate pubescent leaves, the stem usually flexuous, and
with several short lateral branches or sessile axillary heads. (T.
flexuosa, _Raf._)--Ohio to Ky. and Ga. T. pilosa, _Lehm._, is an
intermediate form.
[*][*] _Umbel pedunculate, subtended by small subscarious bracts;
flowers small, rose-color._
2. T. rosea, Vent. Small, slender (6--10' high), smooth, erect from a
running rootstock; leaves very narrowly linear, grass-like.--Sandy
woods, Md. to Fla., west to Ky. and Mo.
ORDER 121. JUNCACEAE. (RUSH FAMILY.)
_Grass-like or rush-like herbs, with small flowers, a regular and
hypogynous persistent perianth of 6 similar glumaceous sepals, 6 or
rarely 3 stamens with 2-celled anthers, a single short style, 3 filiform
hairy stigmas, and an ovary either 3-celled or 1-celled with 3 parietal
placentae, forming a loculicidal 3-valved capsule._ Seeds anatropous,
with a minute embryo enclosed at the base of the fleshy
albumen.--Flowers liliaceous in structure, but sedge-like in aspect and
texture.
1. Juncus. Capsule 3-celled (or imperfectly so), many-seeded. Plants
never hairy, in moist ground or water.
2. Luzula. Capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded. Plant, often hairy, in dry
ground.
1. JUNCUS, Tourn. RUSH. BOG-RUSH.
Capsule many-seeded, 3-celled, or 1-celled by the placentae not reaching
the axis. Stamens when 3 opposite the 3 outer sepals.--Chiefly
perennials, and in wet soil or water, with pithy or hollow and simple
(rarely branching) stems, and panicled or clustered small (greenish or
brownish) flowers, chiefly in summer. Plant never hairy. (The classical
name, from _jungo_, to join, alluding to the use of the stems for
bands.)
Sec. 1. _Stems leafless and scape-like, from matted running rootstocks,
sheathed at base; the sheaths sometimes bearing terete knotless leaves
like the scape; flowers in sessile apparently lateral panicles, the
involucral leaf being similar to and continuing the scape._--JUNCUS
proper.
[*] _Flowers solitary on the pedicels or ultimate ramifications of the
panicle._
[+] _Sheaths at base of the stem leafless._
[++] _Stamens 3._
1. J. effusus, L. (COMMON or SOFT RUSH.) Scape soft and pliant (2--4 deg.
high); inner sheaths awned; panicle diffusely much branched,
many-flowered; flowers small (11/4'' long), greenish; sepals lanceolate,
very acute, as long as the narrow triangular-obovate retuse and
pointless greenish-brown capsule; anthers as long as the filaments;
style very short; seeds small (about 1/4'' long), with short pale
points.--Marshy ground, very common. (Eu.)--Var. CONGLOMERATUS, Engelm.
Scape more distinctly striate; panicle closely crowded; capsule
short-pointed. In sphagnous swamps.
[++][++] _Stamens 6._
2. J. filiformis, L. Scape very slender (1--2 deg. high), pliant; panicle
few-flowered, almost simple; flowers 11/2'' long; sepals lanceolate, the
inner a little shorter and less acute, longer than the broadly ovate
obtuse but mucronate greenish capsule; anthers shorter than the
filaments; style very short; seed (less than {1/3}'' long) short-pointed
at both ends, indistinctly reticulated.--N. Eng. to Mich., Neb., and
northward. (Eu.)
3. J. Smithii, Engelm. Scape rather slender (2--3 deg. high); panicle
few-flowered, nearly simple; flowers brown (11/4'' long); outer sepals
lanceolate, acute, the inner a little shorter, obtusish, shorter than
the broadly ovate rather triangular acute deep chestnut-brown capsule;
anthers as long as the filaments; style short; seeds large ({1/3}'' long
or more), obtuse, short-appendaged at both ends, many-ribbed and
reticulated.--Sphagnous swamps, on Broad Mt. and in Lebanon Co., Penn.
4. J. Balticus, Dethard, var. littoralis, Engelm. Scape rigid (2--3 deg.
high); panicle loose; flowers larger (2'' long), chestnut-brown with
green; sepals ovate-lanceolate, the outer sharp-pointed, the inner
obtusish, as long as the elliptical rather triangular obtuse and
mucronate deep brown capsule; anthers much longer than the broad
filaments; style about the length of the ovary; seeds rather large (1/2''
long or more), nearly obtuse, delicately ribbed and cross lined.--Sandy
shores, Newf. to Mass., west to Penn., along the Great Lakes, and
westward.--Var. MONTANUS, Engelm. Sepals nearly equal; anthers 4 times
longer than the filament; capsule ovate-pyramidal, angled, beaked; seeds
smaller, narrower, apiculate.--Minn., west and northward.
[+][+] _Innermost sheaths leaf-bearing; stamens 6._
5. J. setaceus, Rostkovius. Scape slender (1--3 deg. high); panicle loose,
rather few-flowered; flowers greenish (2'' long); sepals lanceolate,
sharp-pointed, especially the 3 shining exterior ones, spreading in
fruit, as long as the nearly globose beak-pointed greenish or
light-brown capsule; anthers as long as the filaments; style
conspicuous; seeds ({1/3}'' long) almost globose, ribbed and
cross-lined.--Va. to Fla., west to Mo. and La.
[*][*] _Flowers in clusters, 6-androus; innermost sheaths at base of
stem leaf-bearing._
6. J. Roemerianus, Scheele. Scape stout and rigid (2--3 deg. high), its apex
as well as the leaves pungent; panicle compound, open and spreading,
brown; 3--6 greenish or light-brown flowers (11/2'' long) in a cluster;
outer sepals lanceolate, sharp-pointed, longer than the obtusish inner
ones, as long as the elliptical rather triangular obtuse mucronate brown
capsule; anthers much longer than the broad filaments; styles shorter
than the ovary; seeds ({1/3}'' long) oval, obtuse, very delicately
ribbed.--Brackish marshes, N. J. to Fla. and Tex.
7. J. maritimus, L. Resembling the last, but with a rigid contracted
green panicle, an ovary attenuated into a style of nearly its own
length, a greenish acute capsule which usually exceeds the acute sepals,
and seeds with distinct tails and stronger ribs.--Known in this country
only from Coney Island, N. Y., where it is apparently indigenous. (Eu.)
Sec. 2. _Stems simple (rarely branched), leafy at base or throughout;
leaves flat, or somewhat terete or setaceous and channelled, never
knotted; panicle or head terminal._--GRASSY-LEAVED JUNCI.
[*] _Flowers in close heads (produced in late summer)._
[+] _Leaves thread-like, hollow; stamens 6; seeds few, large and
caudate; the single head (sometimes 2) 1--4-flowered._
8. J. stygius, L. Stems slender (6--16' high) from slender branching
rootstocks, 1--3-leaved below, naked above; heads 1 or rarely 2, of
3--4-flowers, about the length of the sheathing scarious awl-pointed
bract; flowers pale and reddish (21/2--3'' long); sepals lanceolate, the
inner obtusish, 3/4 the length of the oblong acuminate capsule, as long as
the slender stamens; filaments many times longer than the oblong
anthers; recurved stigmas shorter than the style; seeds oblong, with a
very loose coat prolonged at both ends (11/2'' long).--Peat-bogs, Newf. to
northern N. Y., west to Mich. and N. Minn. (Eu.)
9. J. trifidus, L. Stems densely tufted from matted creeping rootstocks,
erect (5--10' high), sheathed and mostly leafless at base, 2--3-leaved
at the summit, the upper thread-like leaves subtending the sessile head;
flowers brown (11/2--2'' long); sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, equalling
or rather shorter than the ovate beak-pointed deep brown capsule;
anthers much longer than the filaments; seeds few, oblong, angled (1''
long), short-tailed.--Alpine summits of N. Eng. and N. Y., and far
northward; also in N. J. (Eu.)
[+][+] _Leaves flat and grass-like; stamens 3; stems flattened, simple,
leafy._
10. J. repens, Michx. Stems ascending (4--6' high) from a fibrous annual
root, at length creeping or floating; leaves short, linear, those of the
stem nearly opposite and fascicled; heads few in a loose leafy panicle,
3--12-flowered; flowers green (3'' long); sepals rigid, lance-subulate,
slender-pointed, the 3 outer as long as the linear triangular obtuse
capsule, the inner much longer; stamens as long as the outer sepals;
filaments many times longer than the oblong anthers; seeds small
({1/5}'' long), obovate, slightly pointed, very delicately ribbed and
cross-lined.--Miry banks, Md. to Fla. and La.
11. J. marginatus, Rostk. Stem erect, from a bulbous and stoloniferous
base (1--3 deg. high); leaves long-linear; heads 3--8-flowered, panicled;
flowers purplish with green (11/2'' long); sepals oblong, the 3 outer
acute and slightly awned, the inner longer, mostly obtuse, as long as
the almost globular scarcely mucronate capsule; stamens exceeding the
outer sepals; purple anthers shorter than the filaments; style very
short; seeds (1/4--{1/3}'' long) slender, pointed at both ends and
strongly ribbed.--Moist sandy places, S. New Eng. to Fla., west to
Mich., Mo., and Tex.--Var. PAUCICAPITATUS, Engelm., has few large
8--15-flowered heads; and var. BIFLORUS, Engelm., has numerous small
2--3-flowered heads in much-branched panicles.
[*][*] _Flowers solitary, panicled; stamens 6._
[+] _Stems slender, simple, tufted, leafy below; root perennial (fl.
early in summer)._
[++] _Seeds tail-pointed at both ends._
12. J. Vaseyi, Engelm. Stems rigid (1--21/2 deg. high); leaves nearly terete,
very slightly channelled on the inner side; panicle longer than the
involucral leaf, loose; flowers few, often one-sided, greenish or light
brown (2'' long or more); sepals lanceolate, acute, appressed, shorter
than the oblong and retuse green-brown capsule; anthers as long as the
filaments; style very short; seeds slender (1/2--{2/3}'' long), closely
ribbed.--N. Maine (_Pringle_); Mich. to Iowa and westward.
13. J. Greenii, Oakes & Tuckerm. Stems rigid (1--2 deg. high); leaves nearly
terete, very deeply channelled (almost involute) on the inner side;
panicle usually much shorter than the principal erect involucral leaf,
dense, the numerous flowers often one-sided (13/4'' long); sepals
lanceolate, acute, light greenish-brown, appressed, shorter than the
ovoid-oblong obtuse greenish-brown capsule; anthers as long as the
filaments; style very short; seeds ovoid ({1/3}--{2/5}'' long), ribbed
and delicately cross-lined.--Sandy coast of N. Eng., N. Y., and N. J.,
and on the east shore of Lake Michigan.
[++][++] _Seeds merely apiculate at both ends._
14. J. tenuis, Willd. Stem wiry (9--18' high); leaves flat or
channelled; panicle shorter than the involucral leaves, loose, or rarely
crowded; flowers green (2'' long or more); sepals lanceolate, very
acute, spreading in fruit, longer than the ovoid retuse scarcely pointed
green capsule; anthers nearly equal to the filaments; style very short;
seeds small (about 1/4'' long), delicately ribbed and cross-lined.--Fields
and roadsides, very common. (Eu.)--Var. SECUNDUS, Engelm.; flowers
smaller, secund along the incurved branches. N. Eng. to Penn. and
Del.--Var. CONGESTUS, Engelm.; branches contracted into a head and the
flowers darker-colored. Minn. and westward.
15. J. dichotomus, Ell. Stems rigid (11/2--2 deg. high) from a tumid base;
leaves filiform, nearly terete, slightly grooved on the inner side;
panicle loose, often with 1-sided forked branches, mostly longer than
the involucral leaf; flowers greenish (2'' long or more); sepals
lanceolate, sharp-pointed, spreading in fruit, as long as the globular
beaked light mahogany-colored capsule; anthers nearly as long as the
filaments; style short; seeds small ({1/5}--1/4'' long), coarsely
cross-lined.--Low sandy grounds, N. J. to Fla.
16. J. Gerardi, Loisel. (BLACK-GRASS.) Stems scarcely flattened, rigid
(1--2 deg. high); panicle contracted, usually longer than the bracteal leaf;
flowers chestnut-brown with green (13/4'' long); sepals oval-oblong,
obtuse, incurved, as long as the oval obtuse and mucronate capsule;
anthers much longer than the short filaments; style as long as the
ovary; seeds (nearly {1/3}'' long) obovate, delicately ribbed and
cross-lined.--Salt marshes; common along the coast and in W. New York;
rare about the Great Lakes. (Eu.)
[+][+] _Stems branched, diffuse, leafy; root annual, fibrous._
17. J. bufonius, L. Stems low and slender (3--9' high), leafy, often
branched from the base; panicle spreading, mostly with one-sided
dichotomous branches; flowers remote, greenish (2--31/2'' long); sepals
linear-lanceolate, awl-pointed, the 3 outer much exceeding the inner and
the oblong obtuse capsule; stamens short; filaments scarcely longer than
the anthers, seeds elliptical, obtuse ({1/5}--{1/6}'' long).--Low
grounds, by roadsides; common. (Eu.)
Sec. 3. _Stems leafy; leaves terete or laterally flattened, more or less
distinctly knotted by internal transverse partitions; panicle terminal,
with flowers chiefly in heads._--KNOTTY-LEAVED JUNCI.
[*] _Seeds barely pointed, not caudate._
[+] _Flowers solitary or 2 together, panicled; stamens 6._