elliptical-lanceolate, pale green, mottled with purplish and whitish and
commonly minutely dotted; _perianth light yellow_, often spotted near
the base (10--20'' long); style club-shaped; _stigmas united_.--Rich
ground, N. Brunswick to Fla., west to Minn. and Ark.
2. E. albidum, Nutt. (WHITE DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET.) Leaves
elliptical-lanceolate, less or not at all spotted; _perianth
pinkish-white_; inner divisions toothless; style more slender except at
the apex, bearing 3 short _spreading stigmas_.--Rich ground, N. Y. to
N. J., west to Minn. and Kan.
3. E. propullans, Gray. _Offshoot arising from the stem, near the
middle_; leaves smaller and more acuminate; _flowers bright rose-color_,
yellowish at base (6'' long); _style slender; stigmas united_.--In rich
soil, Minn. and Ont.
21. LILIUM, L. LILY.
Perianth funnel-form or bell-shaped, colored, of 6 distinct sepals,
spreading or recurved above, with a honey-bearing furrow at the base,
deciduous; the 6 stamens somewhat adhering to their bases. Anthers
linear, extrorsely attached near the middle to the tapering apex of the
long filament, which is at first included, at length versatile; the
cells dehiscent by a lateral or slightly introrse line. Style elongated,
somewhat club-shaped; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule oblong, containing
numerous flat and horizontal (depressed) soft-coated seeds densely
packed in 2 rows in each cell. Bulbs scaly, producing simple stems, with
numerous alternate-scattered or whorled narrow sessile leaves, and from
one to several large and showy flowers; in summer. (The classical Latin
name, from the Greek [Greek: lei/rion].)
[*] _Flowers erect, the sepals narrowed below into claws; bulbs not
rhizomatous._
1. L. Philadelphicum, L. (WILD ORANGE-RED LILY. WOOD LILY.) Stem 2--3 deg.
high; _leaves linear-lanceolate, whorled or scattered_; flowers (2--4'
long) 1--3, open-bell-shaped, _reddish-orange_ spotted with purplish
inside; the lanceolate sepals not recurved at the summit; bulb of thick
fleshy jointed scales.--Dry or sandy ground, N. Eng. to N. C., west to
Minn. and Mo.
2. L. Catesbaei, Walt. (SOUTHERN RED LILY.) _Leaves linear-lanceolate,
scattered_; flower solitary, open-bell-shaped, the long-clawed sepals
wavy on the margin and recurved at the summit, _scarlet_, spotted with
dark purple and yellow inside; bulb-scales thin, narrow and
leaf-bearing.--Pine-barrens, N. C. to Fla., west to Ky. and Mo.
[*][*] _Flowers nodding, the sepals sessile; bulbs rhizomatous._
3. L. superbum, L. (TURK'S-CAP LILY.) Stem 3--7 deg. high; _lower leaves
whorled_, lanceolate, pointed, 3-nerved, smooth; flowers (3' long) often
many (3--20 or 40) in a pyramidal raceme; _sepals strongly revolute_,
bright orange, with numerous dark purple spots inside.--Rich low
grounds, N. Brunswick to Ga., west to Minn. and Mo.
4. L. Canadense, L. (WILD YELLOW LILY.) Stem 2--5 deg. high; _leaves
remotely whorled_, lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, the margins and nerves
rough; flowers few (2--3' long), long-peduncled, oblong-bell-shaped, the
_sepals recurved-spreading above_, yellow or orange, usually spotted
with brown.--Moist meadows and bogs, N. Brunswick to Ga., west to Minn.
and Mo.
5. L. Grayi, Watson. Stems 2--3 deg. high; leaves in whorls of 4--8,
lanceolate, acute or slightly acuminate, smooth; _flowers_ 1 or 2,
_nearly horizontal_, _the sepals_ (11/2--21/2' long) but _little spreading
above the rather broad base_, rather abruptly acute, deep reddish
orange, thickly spotted within.--Peaks of Otter, Va., and southward in
the mountains to N. C.
L. TIGRINUM, Ker. (TIGER LILY.) Tall, pubescent above; leaves scattered,
narrowly lanceolate, dark green, 5--7-nerved, the upper axils
bulbiferous; flowers large, resembling those of L. superbum.--An escape
from gardens. (Adv. from E. Asia.)
22. MEDEOLA, Gronov. INDIAN CUCUMBER-ROOT.
Perianth recurved, the 3 sepals and 3 petals oblong and alike (pale
greenish-yellow), deciduous. Stamens 6; anthers shorter than the slender
filaments, oblong, extrorsely attached above the base, but the line of
dehiscence of the closely contiguous parallel cells lateral or slightly
introrse. Stigmas, or styles, stigmatic down the upper side,
recurved-diverging from the globose ovary, long and thread-form,
deciduous. Berry globose (dark purple), 3-celled, few-seeded.--A
perennial herb, with a simple slender stem (1--3 deg. high, clothed with
flocculent and deciduous wool), rising from a horizontal and tuberous
white rootstock (which has the taste of cucumber), bearing near the
middle a whorl of 5--9 obovate-lanceolate and pointed, sessile, lightly
parallel-ribbed and netted-veiny, thin leaves; also another of 3 (rarely
4 or 5) much smaller ovate ones at the top, subtending a sessile umbel
of small recurved flowers. (Named after the sorceress _Medea_, for its
supposed great medicinal virtues.)
1. M. Virginiana, L.--Rich damp woods, N. Eng. to Minn., Ind., and
southward. June.
23. TRILLIUM, L. WAKE ROBIN. BIRTHROOT.
Sepals 3, lanceolate, spreading, herbaceous, persistent. Petals 3,
larger, withering in age. Stamens 6; anthers linear, on short filaments,
adnate, usually introrse; the cells opening down the margins. Stigmas
sessile, awl-shaped or slender, spreading or recurved above, persistent,
stigmatic down the inner side. Ovary 3--6-angled. Berry ovate, usually
6-angled or -winged, 3-celled (purple or red). Seeds ovate, horizontal,
several in each cell.--Low perennial herbs, with a stout and simple stem
rising from a short and praemorse tuber-like rootstock, naked, bearing at
the summit a whorl of 3 ample, commonly broadly ovate, more or less
ribbed but netted-veined leaves, and a terminal large flower;
in spring. (Name from _triplum_, triple; all the parts being in
threes.)--Monstrosities are not rare with the calyx and sometimes petals
changed to leaves, or the parts of the flower increased in number.
[*] _Ovary and fruit 6-angled and more or less winged._
[+] _Flower sessile; the very broad connective produced beyond the
anther-cells._
1. T. sessile, L. _Leaves sessile, ovate_ or rhomboidal, acute, often
blotched or spotted; sepals spreading; _sessile petals erect-spreading_,
narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, dark and dull purple, varying to
greenish, fruit globose, 6'' long.--Moist woods, Penn. to Fla., west to
Minn. and Ark.
2. T. recurvatum, Beck. _Leaves contracted at the base into a petiole,
ovate, oblong, or obovate; sepals reflexed; petals_ pointed, the base
_narrowed into a claw_, oblong-lanceolate to -ovate, dark purple; fruit
ovate, strongly winged above, 9'' long.--Rich woods, Ohio and Ind. to
Minn. and Ark.
[+][+] _Flower pedicelled; connective narrow, not produced; leaves
subsessile._
[++] _Pedicel longer than the flower; filament shorter than the anther._
3. T. erectum, L. Leaves very broadly rhombic (21/2--6' wide), shortly
acuminate; pedicel (1--3' long) usually more or less inclined or
declinate; _petals ovate to lanceolate_ (9--18'' long), brown-purple or
often white or greenish or pinkish; stamens equalling or exceeding the
_stout distinct spreading or recurved stigmas_; fruit ovate, 1' long,
reddish.--Rich woods, N. Scotia to N. C., west to Minn. and Mo. Flowers
ill-scented.
4. T. grandiflorum, Salisb. Leaves less broadly rhombic-ovate (11/2--4'
wide); pedicel erect or ascending; _petals oblanceolate_, often broadly
so (11/2--21/2' long), white turning rose-color or marked with green;
stamens with stout filaments (persistently green about the fruit) and
anthers, _exceeding the very slender erect or suberect and somewhat
coherent stigmas_; fruit globose, 1/2--1' long.--Rich woods, Vt. to N. C.,
west to Minn. and Mo.
[++][++] _Pedicel short, recurved or strongly declinate; filaments
slender, about equalling the anther._
5. T. cernuum, L. Leaves very broadly rhombic-ovate (2--4' broad);
petals white or pink, ovate- to oblong-lanceolate (6--12'' long), wavy,
recurved-spreading; stamens with short anthers, shorter than the stout
recurved distinct stigmas; fruit ovate.--Moist woods, N. Eng. to Minn.,
south to Ga. and Mo.
[*][*] _Ovary and fruit 3-lobed or angled, not winged; filaments
slender, about equalling the anthers; pedicel erect or inclined; leaves
petiolate._
6. T. nivale, Riddell. (DWARF WHITE T.) Small (2--4' high); _leaves oval
or ovate, obtuse_ (1--2' long); _petals oblong, obtuse_ (6--15'' long),
_white_, scarcely wavy, spreading from an erect base, equalling the
peduncle; styles long and slender; fruit depressed globose, with 3
rounded lobes, 3--4'' long.--Rich woods, W. Penn. and Ky. to Minn. and
Iowa.
7. T. erythrocarpum, Michx. (PAINTED T.) _Leaves ovate, taper-pointed_;
_petals ovate or oval-lanceolate, pointed, wavy_, widely spreading,
_white painted with purple stripes at the base_, shorter than the
peduncle; fruit broad-ovate, obtuse, 7--9'' long.--Cold damp woods and
bogs, N. Brunswick to Ga., west to Wisc. and Mo.
24. HELONIAS, L.
Flowers perfect. Perianth of 6 spatulate-oblong purple sepals,
persistent, several-nerved, glandless, turning green, shorter than the
thread-like filaments. Anthers 2-celled, roundish-oval, blue, extrorse.
Styles revolute, stigmatic down the inner side, deciduous. Capsule
obcordately 3-lobed, loculicidally 3-valved; the valves divergently
2-lobed. Seeds many in each cell, linear, with a tapering appendage at
both ends.--A smooth perennial, with many oblong-spatulate or
oblanceolate evergreen flat leaves, from a tuberous rootstock, producing
in early spring a stout hollow sparsely bracteate scape (1--2 deg. high),
sheathed with broad bracts at the base, and terminated by a simple and
short dense raceme. Bracts obsolete; pedicels shorter than the flowers.
(Name probably from [Greek: e(/los], _a swamp_, the place of growth.)
1. H. bullata, L.--Wet places, Penn. and N. J. to Va.; rare and local.
25. CHAMAELIRIUM, Willd. DEVIL'S-BIT.
Flowers dioecious. Perianth of 6 spatulate-linear (white) spreading
1-nerved sepals, withering-persistent. Filaments and (white) anthers, as
in Helonias; fertile flowers with rudimentary stamens. Styles
linear-club-shaped, stigmatic along the inner side. Capsule
ovoid-oblong, not lobed, of a thin texture, loculicidally 3-valved from
the apex, many-seeded. Seeds linear-oblong, winged at each end.--Smooth
herb, with a wand-like stem from a (bitter) thick and abrupt tuberous
rootstock, terminated by a long wand-like spiked raceme (4--12' long) of
small bractless flowers; fertile plant more leafy than the staminate.
Leaves flat, lanceolate, the lowest spatulate, tapering into a petiole.
(Name formed of [Greek: chamai/] _on the ground_, and [Greek: lei/rion],
_lily_, the genus having been founded on a dwarf undeveloped specimen.)
1. C. Carolinianum, Willd. (BLAZING-STAR.) Stem 1--4 deg. high. (C. luteum,
_Gray_.)--Low grounds, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Neb. and Ark. June.
26. XEROPHYLLUM, Michx.
Flowers perfect. Perianth widely spreading; sepals petal-like (white),
oval, distinct, without glands or claws, 5--7-nerved, at length
withering, about the length of the awl-shaped filaments. Anthers
2-celled, short, extrorse. Styles thread-like, stigmatic down the inner
side, persistent. Capsule globular, 3-lobed, obtuse (small),
loculicidal; the valves bearing the partitions. Seeds 2 in each cell,
collateral, 3-angled, not margined.--Herb with the stem simple, 1--4 deg.
high, from a thick tuberous rootstock, bearing a simple dense bracteate
raceme of showy flowers, and thickly beset with needle-shaped leaves,
the upper reduced to bristle-like bracts; those from the root very many
in a dense tuft, reclined, a foot long or more, 1'' wide below, rough on
the margin, remarkably dry and rigid. (Name from [Greek: xero/s],
_arid_, and [Greek: phy/llon], _leaf_.)
1. X. setifolium, Michx. Stem 1--4 deg. high. (X. asphodeloides,
_Nutt._)--Pine-barrens, N. J. to Ga. June.
27. TOFIELDIA, Hudson. FALSE ASPHODEL.
Flowers perfect, usually with a little 3-bracted involucre underneath.
Perianth more or less spreading, persistent; the sepals (white or
greenish) concave, oblong or obovate, without claws, 3-nerved. Filaments
awl-shaped; anthers short, innate or somewhat introrse, 2-celled. Styles
awl-shaped; stigmas terminal. Capsule 3-angular, 3-partible or
septicidal; cells many-seeded. Seeds oblong, horizontal.--Slender
perennials, mostly tufted, with short or creeping rhizomes, and simple
stems leafy only at the base, bearing small flowers in a close raceme or
spike. Leaves 2-ranked, equitant, linear, grass-like. (Named for _Mr.
Tofield_, an English botanist of the last century.)
[*] _Glabrous; pedicels solitary, in a short raceme or head; seeds not
appendaged._
1. T. palustris, Hudson. Scape leafless or nearly so (2--6' high),
slender, bearing a globular or oblong head or short raceme of whitish
flowers; leaves tufted, 1/2--11/2' long.--L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)
[*][*] _Stem and inflorescence pubescent; pedicels fascicled in threes;
seeds caudate._
2. T. glutinosa, Willd. Stem (6--16' high) and pedicels very _glutinous
with dark glands_; leaves broadly linear, short; perianth not becoming
rigid; capsule thin; seeds with a contorted tail at each end.--Moist
grounds, Maine to Minn., and northward; also south in the Alleghanies.
June.
3. T. pubens, Ait. Stem (1--3 deg. high) and pedicels _roughened with minute
glands_; leaves longer and narrower; perianth rigid about the firm
capsule; seeds with a short white appendage at each end.--Pine-barrens,
N. J. to Fla. and Ala. July.
28. NARTHECIUM, Moehring. BOG-ASPHODEL.
Sepals 6, linear-lanceolate, yellowish, persistent. Filaments 6, woolly;
anthers linear, introrse. Capsule cylindrical-oblong, attenuate upward
and bearing the slightly lobed sessile stigma, loculicidal, many-seeded.
Seeds ascending, appendaged at each end with a long bristle-form
tail.--Rootstock creeping, bearing linear equitant leaves, and a simple
stem or scape, terminated by a simple dense bracteate raceme; pedicels
bearing a linear bractlet. (Name an anagram of _Anthericum_, from
[Greek: a)nthe/rikos], supposed to have been the Asphodel.)
1. N. Americanum, Ker. Stem 1 deg. high or more; leaves 1'' wide,
7--9-nerved; raceme dense (1--2' long); perianth-segments narrowly
linear (2--21/2'' long), scarcely exceeding the stamens. (N. ossifragum,
var. Americanum, _Gray_.)--Sandy bogs, pine-barrens of N. J. June, July.
29. MELANTHIUM, Linn.
Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Perianth of 6 separate and free widely
spreading somewhat heart-shaped or oblong and halberd-shaped or
oblanceolate sepals, raised on slender claws, cream-colored or greenish,
the base marked with 2 approximate or confluent glands, or glandless,
turning greenish brown and persistent. Filaments shorter than the
sepals, adhering to their claws often to near the summit, persistent.
Anthers heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, confluently 1-celled,
shield-shaped after opening, extrorse. Styles 3, awl-shaped, diverging,
tipped with simple stigmas. Capsule ovoid-conical, 3-lobed, of 3
inflated membranaceous carpels united in the axis, separating when ripe,
and splitting down the inner edge, several-seeded. Seeds flat, broadly
winged.--Stems tall and leafy, from a thick rootstock, roughish-downy
above, as well as the open and ample pyramidal panicle (composed chiefly
of simple racemes), the terminal part mostly fertile. Leaves linear to
oblanceolate or oval, not plaited. (Name composed of [Greek: me/las],
_black_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_, from the darker color which
the persistent perianth assumes after blossoming.)
[*] _Sepals with a conspicuous double gland at the summit of the claw._
1. M. Virginicum, L. (BUNCH-FLOWER.) Stem 3--5 deg. high, leafy, rather
slender; leaves linear (4--10'' wide); sepals flat, ovate to oblong or
slightly hastate (21/2--4'' long); capsule 6'' long; seeds 10 in each
cell, 2--3'' long.--Wet meadows, N. Eng. to N. C., west to Minn. and
Tex.
2. M. latifolium, Desrouss. Leaves more oblanceolate, often 2' broad;
sepals undulate (2--3'' long), the very narrow claw nearly equalling the
orbicular or ovate blade; capsule 6--8'' long; styles more slender;
seeds 4--8 in each cell, 3--4'' long. (M. racemosum, _Michx._)--W. Conn.
to S. C.
[*][*] _Sepals oblanceolate, without glands._
3. M. parviflorum, Watson. Stem rather slender (2--5 deg. high), sparingly
leafy, naked above; leaves oval to oblanceolate (2--4' wide), on long
petioles; sepals 2--3'' long, oblanceolate or spatulate, those of the
sterile flowers on claws; stamens very short; capsule 6'' long; seeds
4--6 in each cell, 4'' long. (Veratrum parviflorum, _Michx._)--In the
Alleghanies, Va. to S. C.
30. VERATRUM, Tourn. FALSE HELLEBORE.
Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Perianth of 6 spreading and separate
obovate-oblong (greenish or brownish) sepals, more or less contracted at
the base (but not clawed), nearly free from the ovary, not
gland-bearing. Filaments free from the sepals and shorter
than they, recurving. Anthers, pistils, fruit, etc., nearly as in
Melanthium.--Somewhat pubescent perennials, with simple stems from a
thickened base producing coarse fibrous roots (very poisonous),
3-ranked, plaited and strongly veined leaves, and racemed-panicled dull
or dingy flowers; in summer. (Name from _vere_, truly, and _ater_,
black.)
1. V. viride, Ait. (AMERICAN WHITE HELLEBORE. INDIAN POKE.) _Stem stout,
very leafy_ to the top (2--7 deg. high); _leaves broadly oval_, pointed,
_sheath-clasping; panicle pyramidal_, the _dense spike-like racemes_
spreading; _perianth yellowish-green_, moderately spreading,
_the segments ciliate-serrulate; ovary glabrous_; capsule
many-seeded.--Swamps and low grounds, common.
2. V. Woodii, Robbins. _Stem slender, sparingly leafy_ (2--5 deg. high);
_leaves oblanceolate_, only the lowest sheathing; _panicle very narrow;
perianth greenish-purple, with entire segments; ovary tomentose_, soon
glabrate; capsule few-seeded.--Woods and hilly barrens, S. Ind. to Mo.
31. STENANTHIUM, Gray.
Flowers polygamous. Perianth spreading; the sepals narrowly lanceolate,
tapering to a point from the broader base, where they are united and
coherent with the base of the ovary, not gland-bearing, persistent, much
longer than the short stamens. Anthers, capsules, etc., nearly as in
Veratrum. Seeds nearly wingless.--Smooth, with a wand-like leafy stem
from a bulbous base, long and grass-like conduplicate-keeled leaves, and
numerous small flowers in compound racemes, forming a long terminal
panicle; in summer. (Name composed of [Greek: steno/s], _narrow_, and
[Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_, from the slender sepals and panicles.)
1. S. angustifolium, Gray. Stem leafy (3--4 deg. high), _very slender;
leaves 2--3'' broad_; panicle elongated, nearly simple, very open, with
slender flexuous branches; flowers nearly sessile or the fertile on
short pedicels; sepals linear-lanceolate (white), 2--3'' long; _capsule
strongly reflexed_, narrowly oblong-ovate, with spreading beaks.--In the
Alleghanies from Va. to S. C.
2. S. robustum, Watson. Resembling the last; _stem stout_, leafy, erect
(3--5 deg. high); _leaves 4--10'' broad_; panicle or raceme often 2 deg. long,
frequently compound with numerous slender branches; sepals (white or
green) 3--4'' long; _capsule erect_, ovate, with recurved beaks.--Penn.
to S. C., Ohio and Tenn.
32. ZYGADENUS, Michx.
Flowers perfect or polygamous. Perianth withering-persistent, spreading;
the petal-like oblong or ovate sepals 1--2-glandular near the more or
less narrowed but not unguiculate base, which is either free, or united
and coherent with the base of the ovary. Stamens free from the sepals
and about their length. Anthers, styles, and capsule nearly as in
Melanthium. Seeds angled, rarely at all margined.--Very smooth and
somewhat glaucous perennials, with simple stems from creeping rootstocks
or coated bulbs, linear leaves, and rather large panicled greenish-white
flowers; in summer. (Name composed of [Greek: zygo/s], _a yoke_, and
[Greek: a)de/n], _a gland_, the glands being sometimes in pairs.)
[*] _Glands on the perianth conspicuous._
[+] _Rootstock creeping; glands 2, orbicular, above the broad claw._
1. Z. glaberrimus, Michx. Stems 1--3 deg. high; leaves grass-like,
channelled, conspicuously nerved, elongated, tapering to a point;
panicle pyramidal, many-flowered; flowers perfect; sepals nearly free
(1/2' long), ovate, becoming lance-ovate, with a short claw.--Grassy low
grounds, Va. to Fla. and Ala.
[+][+] _Root bulbous; glands covering the base of the sepals._
2. Z. elegans, Pursh. Stem 1--3 deg. high; leaves flat, carinate; raceme
simple or sparingly branched and few-flowered; bracts ovate-lanceolate;
base of the perianth coherent with the base of the ovary, the thin ovate
or obovate sepals marked with a large obcordate gland, the inner
abruptly contracted to a broad claw. (Z. glaucus, _Nutt._)--N. Eng. to
N. Ill., Minn., and westward.
3. Z. Nuttallii, Gray. Like the last; raceme rather densely flowered,
with narrow bracts; perianth free; sepals with an ill-defined gland at
base, not at all clawed; seeds larger (3'' long).--Kan. to Tex. and Col.
[*][*] _Glands of the perianth obscure; perianth small, rotate; bulb
somewhat fibrous._
4. Z. leimanthoides, Gray. Stem 1--4 deg. high, slender; leaves narrowly
linear; flowers small (4'' in diameter) and numerous, in a few crowded
panicled racemes; only a yellowish spot on the contracted base of the
divisions of the free perianth.--Low grounds, pine-barrens of N. J., to
Ga.
33. AMIANTHIUM, Gray. FLY-POISON.
Flowers perfect. Perianth widely spreading; the distinct and free
petal-like (white) sepals oval or obovate, without claws or glands,
persistent. Filaments capillary, equalling or exceeding the perianth.
Anthers, capsules, etc., nearly as in Melanthium. Styles thread-like.
Seeds wingless, oblong or linear, with a loose coat, 1--4 in each
cell.--Glabrous, with simple stems from a bulbous base or coated bulb,
scape-like, few-leaved, terminated by a simple dense raceme of handsome
flowers, turning greenish with age. Leaves linear, keeled, grass-like.
(From [Greek: a)mi/antos], _unspotted_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_;
a name formed with more regard to euphony than to good construction,
alluding to the glandless perianth.)
1. A. muscaetoxicum, Gray. (FLY-POISON.) _Leaves broadly linear_,
elongated, obtuse (1/2--1' wide); _raceme simple_; capsule abruptly
3-horned; seeds oblong, with a fleshy red coat.--Open woods, N. J. to
Fla., west to Ky. and Ark. June, July.
ORDER 117. PONTEDERIACEAE. (PICKEREL-WEED FAMILY.)
_Aquatic herbs, with perfect more or less irregular flowers from a
spathe; the petal-like 6-merous perianth free from the 3-celled ovary;
the 3 or 6 mostly unequal or dissimilar stamens inserted in its
throat._--Perianth with the 6 divisions colored alike, _imbricated_ in 2
rows in the bud, the whole together sometimes revolute-coiled after
flowering, then withering away, or the base thickened-persistent and
enclosing the fruit. Anthers introrse. Ovules anatropous. Style 1;
stigma 3-lobed or 6-toothed. Fruit a perfectly or incompletely 3-celled
many-seeded capsule, or a 1-celled 1-seeded utricle. Embryo slender, in
floury albumen.
1. Pontederia. Spike many-flowered. Perianth 2-lipped, its fleshy
persistent base enclosing the 1-seeded utricle. Stamens 6.
2. Heteranthera. Spathe 1--few-flowered. Perianth salver-shaped.
Stamens 3. Capsule many-seeded.
1. PONTEDERIA, L. PICKEREL-WEED.