(1--3 deg. high), leafy; leaves much exceeding the stem, 6--12'' broad;
flowers solitary and sessile in the axils, large, deep blue, variegated
with yellow, purple, and white; tube 1/2' long; segments about 3' long,
the inner narrow; capsule oblong-cylindric, 6-angled, 2' long--Prairies,
Ky. (_Short_) to W. Mo. (_Bush_), and on the coast from S. Car.
southward.
[+][+] _Flowers copper-colored or dull reddish-brown; petals widely
spreading._
3. I. fulva, Ker. Stem and leaves as n. 1; tube of the perianth
cylindrical, as long as the 6-angled ovary; style-branches narrow. (I.
cuprea, _Pursh._)--Swamps, S. Ill. and Mo. to La. and Ga. May.
[*][*] _Stems low (3--6' high), from tufted and creeping slender (or
here and there tuberous-thickened) rootstocks, 1--3-flowered; tube of
the perianth long and slender; the violet-blue divisions nearly equal._
4. I. verna, L. (DWARF IRIS.) _Leaves linear_, grass-like, rather
glaucous; the thread-like tube of the perianth about the length of the
divisions, which are oblong-obovate and on _slender claws_, the outer
ones slightly hairy down the orange-yellow base, _crestless_; capsule
obtusely triangular.--Wooded hillsides, Lancaster Co., Penn., to S. C.,
west to Ky. and Ala. April.--Flowers sometimes white with yellowish
centre.
5. I. cristata, Ait. (CRESTED DWARF IRIS.) _Leaves lanceolate_ (3--5'
long when grown); those of the spathe _ovate-lanceolate_, shorter than
the _thread-like tube of the perianth_, which is 2' long and _much
longer than the_ light blue obovate short-clawed _divisions_, the outer
ones _crested_ but beardless; capsule sharply triangular.--In the
mountains from Md. to N. C.; Trumbull Co., Ohio (_Ingraham_); knobs of
S. Ind. May.--Flowers fragrant.
6. I. lacustris, Nutt. (LAKE DWARF IRIS.) _Tube of the perianth rather
shorter than the divisions_ (yellowish, 1/2--3/4' long), _dilated upward_,
not exceeding the spathe; otherwise as in the last, and too near
it.--Gravelly shores of Lakes Huron and Michigan. May.
I. PSEUDACORUS, L., the YELLOW IRIS of European marshes, with very long
linear leaves and bright yellow beardless flowers, is reported as having
become established in Mass. and N. Y.
2. NEMASTYLIS, Nutt.
Perianth spreading, the segments similar and nearly equal. Filaments
more or less united into a tube. Style short, its slender 2-parted
branches alternate with the anthers and exserted between them; stigmas
minute, terminal. Capsule oblong or ovate, truncate, dehiscent at the
summit. Seeds globose or angled.--Stems terete, from coated bulbs, with
few plicate leaves, and few fugacious flowers from 2-bracted spathes.
(Name from [Greek: ne~ma], _a thread_, and [Greek: styli/s], _style_,
for the slender style-branches.)
1. N. geminiflora, Nutt. Stem 1--2 deg. high; spathes 2-flowered; perianth
pale blue-purple, 1--2' broad, the divisions oblong-obovate; capsule
obovate, 1/2' long.--E. Kan. to Tex.
3. BELAMCANDA, Adans. BLACKBERRY-LILY.
Perianth 6-parted almost to the ovary; the divisions widely and equally
spreading, all nearly alike, oblong with a narrowed base, naked. Stamens
monadelphous only at base; anthers oblong. Style club-shaped, 3-cleft,
the narrow divisions tipped with a small dilated stigma. Capsule
pear-shaped; the valves at length falling away, leaving the central
column covered with the globose black and fleshy-coated seeds, imitating
a blackberry (whence the popular name).--Perennial, with rootstocks,
foliage, etc., of an Iris; the branching stems (3--4 deg. high) loosely
many-flowered; the orange-yellow perianth mottled above with
crimson-purple spots. (An East Indian name of the species.)
B. CHINENSIS, Adans. (Pardanthus Chinensis, _Ker._)--Sparingly escaped
from gardens, Md. to S. Ind. and Mo. (Adv. from China, etc.)
4. SISYRINCHIUM, L. BLUE-EYED GRASS.
Perianth 6-parted; the divisions alike, spreading. Stamens monadelphous
to the top. Stigmas thread-like. Capsule globular, 3-angled. Seeds
globular.--Low slender perennials, with fibrous roots, grassy or
lanceolate leaves, mostly branching 2-edged or winged stems, and
fugacious umbelled-clustered small flowers from a 2-leaved spathe. (A
meaningless name, of Greek origin.)
1. S. angustifolium, Mill. Scape (4--12' high) winged or wingless,
_simple, the spathe solitary_ and terminal, its outer bract more or less
elongated; flowers delicate blue, changing to purplish (rarely white),
the divisions of the perianth more or less notched, bristle-pointed and
ciliate; mature _seeds_ globose, _large_ (1/2'' broad), faintly pitted or
_nearly smooth_. (S. Bermudiana, var. mucronatum, _Gray_, excl.
descr.)--Moist meadows, etc., among grass; common everywhere. June--Aug.
(Addendum)--Sisyrinchium angustifolium. What appears to be a form of
this species with pale yellow flowers is found near Independence, Mo.
(_Bush_).
2. S. anceps, Cav. Scape (6--18' high) usually branching and bearing 2
or more peduncled spathes; seeds more ovate, much smaller, deeply
pitted. (S. Bermudiana, var. anceps, _Gray_, excl. descr.)--Similar
localities; common.
ORDER 114. AMARYLLIDACEAE. (AMARYLLIS FAMILY.)
_Chiefly bulbous and scape-bearing herbs, not scurfy or woolly, with
linear flat root-leaves, and regular (or nearly so) and perfect
6-androus flowers, the tube of the corolline 6-parted perianth coherent
with the 3-celled ovary; the lobes imbricated in the bud._--Anthers
introrse. Style single. Capsule 3-celled, several--many-seeded. Seeds
anatropous or nearly so, with a straight embryo in the axis of fleshy
albumen.--An order represented in our gardens by the _Narcissus,
Daffodil, Snowdrop_, etc., but with very few indigenous representatives
in this country. Bulbs acrid. Differs from Liliaceae chiefly in the
inferior ovary.
[*] Capsule 3-valved, loculicidal; anthers versatile; perianth
funnel-shaped; glabrous.
1. Zephyranthes. Flower naked in the throat; the tube short or none.
Bulbs coated.
2. Hymenocallis. Flower with a slender tube and narrow recurved lobes; a
cup-shaped crown connecting the stamens. Bulbs coated.
3. Agave. Flower equally 6-cleft, persistent, no crown. Fleshy-leaved,
not bulbous.
[*][*] Capsule indehiscent; anthers sagittate; villous.
4. Hypoxis. Perianth 6-parted nearly down to the ovary, persistent. Bulb
solid.
1. ZEPHYRANTHES, Herb.
Perianth funnel-form, from a tubular base; the 6 divisions petal-like
and similar, spreading above; the 6 stamens inserted in its naked
throat; anthers versatile. Pod membranaceous, 3-lobed.--Leaves and low
scape from a coated bulb. Flowers solitary from a scarious simple bract.
(From [Greek: ze/phyros], _a wind_ and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_.)
1. Z. Atamasco, Herb. (ATAMASCO LILY.) Leaves bright green and shining,
very narrow, channelled, the margins acute; scape 6--12' high; peduncle
short; spathe 2-cleft at the apex; perianth white and pink, 3' long;
stamens and style declined.--Penn. to Va. and Fla. June. (Addendum)
(Amaryllis Atamasco, _L._).
2. HYMENOCALLIS, Salisb.
Perianth with a long and slender tube, and an equal 6-parted limb; lobes
long and narrow, recurved; the throat bearing a tubular or cup-shaped
corolla-like delicate crown, which connects the bases of the 6 exserted
stamens. Anthers linear, versatile. Capsule thin, 2--3-lobed; seeds
usually 2 in each cell, basal, fleshy, often like bulblets.--Scapes and
leaves from a coated bulb. Flowers white, fragrant, large and showy,
sessile in an umbel-like head or cluster, subtended by 2 or more
scarious bracts. (Name composed of [Greek: y(me/n], _a membrane_, and
[Greek: ka/llos], _beauty_.)
1. H. occidentalis, Kunth. Leaves strap-shaped, glaucous, 1--11/2 deg. long,
9--18'' broad; scape 3--6-flowered; bracts narrow, 2' long;
perianth-tube about 21/2--4' long, the linear segments scarcely shorter;
the crown 12--15'' long, tubular below, broadly funnel-form above, the
margin deltoid and entire, or 2-toothed and erose, between the white
filaments, which are twice longer; anthers yellow; style green.--Marshy
banks of streams, S. Ill. to N. Ga. and Ala.--Apparently distinct from
H. lacera, _Salisb._ (Pancratium rotatum, _Ker._), of the southern
coast.
3. AGAVE, L. AMERICAN ALOE.
Perianth tubular-funnel-form, persistent, 6-parted; the divisions nearly
equal, narrow. Stamens 6; anthers linear, versatile. Capsule coriaceous,
many-seeded. Seeds flattened.--Leaves thick and fleshy, often with
cartilaginous or spiny teeth, clustered at the base of the many-flowered
scape, from a thick fibrous-rooted crown. (Name from [Greek: a)gaue/],
_noble_,--not inappropriate as applied to A. AMERICANA, the
CENTURY-PLANT.)
1. A. Virginica, L. (FALSE ALOE.) Herbaceous; leaves entire or
denticulate; scape 3--6 deg. high; flowers scattered in a loose wand-like
spike, greenish-yellow, fragrant, the perianth 9--12'' long, its narrow
tube twice longer than the erect lobes.--Dry or rocky banks, Md. and Va.
to Fla., west to S. Ind., Mo., and Tex.
4. HYPOXIS, L. STAR-GRASS.
Perianth persistent, 6-parted, spreading; the 3 outer divisions a little
herbaceous outside. Stamens 6; anthers sagittate, erect. Capsule crowned
with the withered or closed perianth, not opening by valves. Seeds
globular, with a crustaceous coat, ascending, imperfectly anatropous,
the rhaphe not adherent quite down to the micropyle, the persistent
seed-stalk thus forming a sort of lateral beak. Radicle
inferior!--Stemless small herbs, with grassy and hairy linear leaves and
slender few-flowered scapes, from a solid bulb. (An old name for a plant
having sourish leaves, from [Greek: y(/poxys], _sub-acid_.)
1. H. erecta, L. Leaves linear, grass-like, longer than the umbellately
1--4-flowered scape; divisions of the perianth hairy and greenish
outside, yellow within.--Meadows and open woods, N. Eng. to Fla., west
to Minn., E. Kan., and Tex.
ORDER 115. DIOSCOREACEAE. (YAM FAMILY.)
_Plants with twining stems from large tuberous roots or knotted
rootstocks, and ribbed and netted-veined petioled leaves, small
dioecious 6-androus and regular flowers, with the 6-cleft calyx-like
perianth adherent in the fertile plant to the 3-celled ovary. Styles 3,
distinct._--Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, anatropous. Fruit usually a
membranaceous 3-angled or winged capsule. Seeds with a minute embryo in
hard albumen.
1. DIOSCOREA, Plumier. YAM.
Flowers very small, in axillary panicles or racemes. Stamens 6, at the
base of the divisions of the 6-parted perianth. Capsule 3-celled,
3-winged, loculicidally 3-valved by splitting through the winged angles.
Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, flat, with a membranaceous wing. (Dedicated
to the Greek naturalist, _Dioscorides_.)
1. D. villosa, L. (WILD YAM-ROOT.) Herbaceous. Stems slender, from
knotty and matted rootstocks, twining over bushes; leaves mostly
alternate, sometimes nearly opposite or in fours, more or less downy
beneath, heart-shaped, conspicuously pointed, 9--11-ribbed; flowers pale
greenish-yellow, the sterile in drooping panicles, the fertile in
drooping simple racemes; capsules 8--10'' long.--Thickets, S. New Eng.
to Fla., west to Minn., Kan., and Tex.
ORDER 116. LILIACEAE. (LILY FAMILY.)
_Herbs, or rarely woody plants, with regular and symmetrical almost
always 6-androus flowers; the perianth not glumaceous, free from the
chiefly 3-celled ovary; the stamens one before each of its divisions or
lobes_ (i.e. 6, in one instance 4), _with 2-celled anthers; fruit a
few--many-seeded pod or berry; the small embryo enclosed in copious
albumen._ Seeds anatropous or amphitropous (orthotropous in Smilax).
Flowers not from a spathe, except in Allium; the outer and inner ranks
of the perianth colored alike (or nearly so) and generally similar,
except in Trillium.
SUBORDER I. Smilaceae. Shrubby or rarely herbaceous, the petiole of the
3--9-nerved netted-veined leaves often tendril-bearing. Flowers (in
ours) dioecious, in axillary umbels, small, with regular 6-parted
deciduous perianth. Anthers apparently 1-celled. Stigmas 3, sessile.
Fruit a 3-celled berry, with 1--2 pendulous orthotropous seeds in each
cell. Embryo minute in horny albumen.
1. Smilax. Characters as above.
SUBORDER II. Liliaceae proper. Never climbing by tendrils. Very rarely
dioecious. Seeds anatropous or amphitropous.
SERIES A. Floral bracts scarious. Stamens perigynous on the usually
withering-persistent nerved perianth; anthers introrse. Style undivided,
mostly persistent. Fruit a loculicidal capsule or a berry. Leaves
transversely veined.
[*] Scape from a coated bulb; fruit capsular; leaves linear.
[+] Flowers umbellate; segments 1-nerved; pedicels not jointed.
2. Allium. Perianth 6-parted. Capsule deeply lobed, often crested; cells
1--2-seeded. Very alliaceous.
3. Nothoscordum. Perianth 6-parted. Seeds several in each cell. Not
alliaceous.
4. Androstephium. Perianth tubular-funnel form. Filaments in the throat,
united into a crown.
[+][+] Flowers racemose, 6-parted, the segments 3--several-nerved.
5. Camassia. Flowers light blue, long racemose. Filaments filiform.
6. Ornithogalum. Flowers greenish white, sub-corymbose. Filaments
dilated.
[+][+][+] Flowers densely racemose; perianth urn-shaped, 6-toothed.
7. Muscari. Flowers deep blue, small. Stamens included.
[*][*] Stem or scape not from a bulb, several-flowered; capsule
many-seeded.
8. Hemerocallis. Scape from a fleshy-fibrous root. Flowers few, large,
yellow, tubular-funnel-form; limb 6-parted. Stamens and long style
declined. Seeds globose.
9. Yucca. Stem woody, leafy. Flowers white, campanulate, 6-parted.
Stigmas sessile. Seeds flat.
[*][*][*] Leafy stems (scape in n. 10) from running rootstocks; fruit a
berry; leaves cordate to lanceolate (except n. 12); flowers white;
pedicels jointed.
[+] Perianth gamophyllous, 6-lobed.
10. Convallaria. Leaves sheathing the scape. Flowers racemose; perianth
bell-shaped.
11. Polygonatum. Stem leafy. Flowers axillary; perianth cylindrical.
[+][+] Perianth-segments distinct, small, spreading, persistent.
12. Asparagus. Stems branching, the apparent leaves thread-like. Flowers
axillary.
13. Smilacina. Stem simple, leafy. Flowers 6-parted, racemose or
paniculate.
14. Maianthemum. Stem low, 2-leaved. Flowers 4-merous, racemose.
SERIES B. Floral bracts none or foliaceous. Stamens hypogynous or at the
base of the distinct segments of the deciduous perianth (persistent in
n. 23); anthers extrorse or dehiscent laterally. Style undivided,
deciduous (stigmas sessile and persistent in n. 23). Fruit a loculicidal
capsule or a berry. Veinlets anastomosing (transverse in n. 15, 17--19).
[*] Fruit a berry; stem or scape from a creeping rootstock; leaves
broad, alternate or radical; flowers narrowly campanulate.
15. Streptopus. Stem leafy. Flowers axillary, on bent pedicels. Anthers
sagittate, acute; filaments deltoid or subulate.
16. Disporum. Stem leafy. Flowers few, in terminal umbels. Anthers
oblong, obtuse; filaments slender. Veinlets anastomosing.
17. Clintonia. Flowers umbellate on a scape, few or many.
[*][*] Fruit a capsule.
[+] Stems leafy, from a short or creeping rootstock; flowers few,
solitary, pendulous; capsule few-seeded.
18. Uvularia. Stem terete. Leaves perfoliate. Flowers terminal. Capsule
truncate, 3-lobed.
19. Oakesia. Stem angled. Leaves sessile. Flowers opposite the leaves.
Capsule acutely 3-winged.
[+][+] Stem or scape from a bulb or corm; capsule many-seeded.
20. Erythronium. Scape from a solid bulb, with a pair of leaves. Flower
solitary. Seeds angled, obovoid.
21. Lilium. Stem leafy from a scaly bulb. Seeds horizontal, flattened.
[*][*][*] Fruit a berry; stem from a tuber-like rootstock, bearing 1 or
2 whorls of leaves; flowers terminal; stigmas sessile.
22. Medeola. Leaves in 2 whorls. Flowers umbellate. Perianth-segments
similar, colored, deciduous.
23. Trillium. Leaves (3) in a terminal whorl. Flower solitary; outer
sepals leaf-like, persistent.
SERIES C. Floral bracts green or greenish (rarely scarious), or none.
Stamens at the base of the distinct 1--several-nerved persistent
perianth-segments; anthers small, versatile. Styles or sessile stigmas
distinct. Capsule mostly septicidal. Seeds with a loose testa or
appendaged. Leaves with transverse veinlets (except in n. 24 and 25).
[*] Stems leafy or bracteate, from a thick tuberous rootstock; flowers
racemose; anthers 2-celled; stigmas linear.
24. Helonias. Leaves radical, oblanceolate. Flowers perfect. Capsule
broadly obovate, many-seeded.
25. Chamaelirium. Stem very leafy. Flowers dioecious. Capsule oblong,
many-seeded.
26. Xerophyllum. Stem very leafy; leaves very narrow. Flowers perfect.
Capsule few-seeded.
[*][*] Stems distichously equitant-leafy, from a creeping rootstock;
flowers on bracteolate pedicels, racemose; anthers 2-celled; stigmas
small, terminal; seeds often appendaged.
27. Tofieldia. Bractlets 3, verticillate. Styles short. Seeds
horizontal.
28. Narthecium. Bractlet linear. Stigma slightly lobed. Seeds ascending.
[*][*][*] Anthers heart- or kidney-shaped, confluently 1-celled and
peltate after opening; stigmas terminal; capsule 3-beaked by the
persistent styles; seeds angled or flattened and margined.
[+] Stems tall, leafy, from a thick rootstock, pubescent above; flowers
polygamous, racemose-paniculate; seeds flat, winged.
29. Melanthium. Sepals free from the ovary, their long claws bearing the
filaments.
30. Veratrum. Sepals without claws, slightly adnate to the ovary. Leaves
strongly nerved and plicate.
[+][+] Root mostly bulbous; glabrous; flowers racemose or panicled;
seeds narrow, angled; leaves linear.
31. Stenanthium. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, without glands.
32. Zygadenus. Sepals oblong to ovate, glandular toward the base.
33. Amianthium. Flowers in a dense raceme. Sepals ovate-oblong,
glandless, free from the ovary. Cells of the capsule widely divergent,
1--2-seeded.
1. SMILAX, Tourn. GREENBRIER. CAT-BRIER.
Flowers dioecious in umbels or axillary peduncles, small, greenish or
yellowish, regular, the perianth-segments distinct, deciduous. Filaments
linear, inserted on the very base, the introrse anthers linear or
oblong, fixed by the base, apparently 1-celled. Ovary of fertile flowers
3-celled (1-celled, with single stigma, in n. 11); stigmas thick and
spreading, almost sessile; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, pendulous,
orthtropous; fruit a small berry.--Shrubby or rarely herbaceous, usually
climbing or supported by a pair of tendrils on the petiole of the ribbed
and netted-veined simple leaves. (The ancient Greek name, of obscure
meaning.)
Sec. 1. _Stems herbaceous, not prickly; flowers carrion-scented; ovules 2
in each cell; leaves membranous, mucronate-tipped; berries bluish-black
with a bloom._
1. S. herbacea, L. (CARRION-FLOWER.) Stem climbing, 3--15 deg. high; _leaves
ovate or rounded, mostly heart-shaped_ or truncate at base, abruptly
acute to short-acuminate, _7--9-nerved_, smooth; petioles 1/2--1' long;
peduncles elongated (3--4' long, or sometimes even 6--8' and much longer
than the leaves), 20--40-flowered; seeds 6.--Moist meadows and
river-banks; common, from the Atlantic to Minn., Mo., and Tex. June.
Very variable.--Var. PUBERULENTA, Gray, has the leaves more or less
soft-downy beneath.
2. S. tamnifolia, Michx. Stem upright or climbing; leaves _mostly
5-nerved_, smooth, broadly ovate to lanceolate, truncate or cordate at
base, abruptly acute to acuminate, some of them _hastate with broad
rounded lobes_; peduncles longer than the petioles; berry smaller,
2--3-seeded.--Pine-barrens, N. J. to S. C.
3. S. ecirrhata, Watson. Erect, 1/2--3 deg. high, _without tendrils_ (or only
the uppermost petioles tendril-bearing), glabrous; lower leaves reduced
to narrow scale-like bracts, the rest thin, 5--7-nerved, _broadly
ovate-elliptical_ to roundish, acute, mostly cordate at base, 2--5'
long, sometimes verticillate, sparsely pubescent beneath; peduncles
about equalling the petioles (1--21/2' long), on the lower part of the
stem; umbels 10--20-flowered; berry 3-seeded.--Md. to S. C., west to
Mich. and Mo. May, June.
Sec. 2. _Stems woody, often prickly; ovules solitary; glabrous throughout._
[*] _Leaves ovate or roundish, etc., most of them rounded or
heart-shaped at base, and 5--9-nerved, the three middle nerves or ribs
stronger and more conspicuous._
[+] _Peduncles shorter or scarcely longer than the petioles (2--6''),
flattened; leaves thickish, green both sides._
4. S. Walteri, Pursh. Stem low, somewhat angled, prickly near the base
or unarmed; _leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, somewhat
heart-shaped_ or rounded at base (3--4' long); _berries
coral-red_.--Pine barrens, N. J. to Fla.
5. S. rotundifolia, L. (COMMON GREENBRIER. HORSE-BRIER.) Stem armed with
scattered prickles, as well as the terete branches; branchlets more or
less 4-angular; _leaves ovate or round-ovate_, often broader than long,
slightly heart-shaped, abruptly short-pointed (2--3' long); _berries
blue-black_, with a bloom.--Moist thickets, N. Eng. to Ga., west to
Minn. and Tex. Very variable, passing into var. QUADRANGULARIS, Gray,
which has branches, and especially branchlets, 4-angular, and is more
common west.
[+][+] _Peduncle longer than but seldom twice the length of the short
petiole, flattened; leaves tardily deciduous or partly persistent;
berries black, with a bloom._
6. S. glauca, Walt. Terete branches and somewhat 4-angular branchlets
armed with scattered stout prickles, or naked; _leaves ovate_, rarely
subcordate, _glaucous beneath_ and sometimes also above, as well as the
branchlets when young (about 2' long), abruptly mucronate, the edges
smooth and naked.--Dry thickets, E. Mass. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Mo.,
and Tex.
7. S. bona-nox, L. Branches and the angular (often square) branchlets
sparsely armed with short rigid prickles; _leaves_ varying from
round-heart-shaped and slightly contracted above the dilated base to
fiddle-shaped and halberd-shaped or 3-lobed, _green and shining both
sides_, cuspidate-pointed, the margins often somewhat bristly-ciliate or
spinulose. (S. tamnoides, _Man._; probably not _L._)--Thickets;
Nantucket, Mass. (_L. L. Dame_); N. J. to Fla., west to Ill., Mo., and
Tex.
[+][+][+] _Peduncle 2--4 times the length of the petiole; leaves ample
(3--5' long), thin or thinnish, green both sides; berries black; stem
terete and branchlets nearly so._
8. S. hispida, Muhl. Rootstock cylindrical, elongated; stem (climbing
high) below densely _beset with long and weak blackish bristly
prickles_, the flowering branchlets mostly naked; _leaves_ ovate and the
larger heart-shaped, pointed, slightly rough-margined, _membranaceous
and deciduous_; peduncles 11/2--2' long; sepals lanceolate, almost 3''
long.--Moist thickets, Conn. to Va., west to Minn. and Tex. June.
9. S. Pseudo-China, L. _Rootstock tuberous; stems and branches unarmed_,
or with very few weak prickles; leaves ovate-heart-shaped, or on the
branchlets ovate-oblong, cuspidate-pointed, often rough-ciliate,
becoming firm in texture; peduncles flat (2--3' long).--Dry or sandy
soil, N. J. to Fla., west to S. Ind. and Mo. July.
[*][*] _Leaves varying from oblong-lanceolate to linear, narrowed at
base into a short petiole, 3--5-nerved, shining above, paler or glaucous
beneath, many without tendrils; peduncles short, seldom exceeding the
petioles, terete; the umbels sometimes panicled; branches terete,
unarmed._