slender, pale or glaucous; _cones nodding, cylindrical_ (about 2' long),
pale, _deciduous_, the thinner scales with an entire edge. (Abies alba,
_Michx._)--Northern New Eng. and N. Y. to L. Superior, and northward.--A
handsomer tree than n. 1, 50--150 deg. high, in aspect more like a Balsam
Fir.
3. TSUGA, Carriere. HEMLOCK.
Sterile flowers a subglobose cluster of stamens, from the axils of last
year's leaves, the long stipe surrounded by numerous bud-scales; anthers
tipped with a short spur or knob, their confluent cells opening
transversely; pollen-grains simple. Fertile catkins and cones on the end
of last year's branchlets; cones maturing the first year, pendulous;
their scales thin, persistent. Leaves scattered, flat, whitened beneath,
appearing 2-ranked. (The Japanese name of one of the species.)
1. T. Canadensis, Carr. Leaves petioled, short-linear, obtuse (1/2' long);
cones oval (6--8'' long), of few thin scales much longer than the
bracts. (Abies Canadensis, _Michx._)--Mostly hilly or rocky woods, N.
Scotia to Del., and along the mountains to Ala., west to Mich. and
Minn.--A tall tree, with light and spreading spray and delicate foliage,
bright green above, silvery beneath.
4. ABIES, Link. FIR.
Sterile flowers from the axils of last year's leaves; anthers tipped
with a knob, their cells bursting transversely; pollen as in Pinus.
Fertile catkins and cones erect on the upper side of spreading branches;
cones maturing the first year; their thin scales and mostly exserted
bracts deciduous at maturity. Seeds and bark with balsam-bearing
vesicles. Leaves scattered, sessile, flat, with the midrib prominent on
the whitened lower surface, on horizontal branches appearing 2-ranked.
(The classical Latin name.)
1. A. balsamea, Miller. (BALSAM or BALM-OF-GILEAD FIR.) Leaves narrowly
linear (6--10'' long); _cones cylindrical_ (2--4' long, 1' thick),
violet-colored; _the bracts obovate_, serrulate, tipped with an abrupt
slender point, _shorter than the scales_.--Damp woods and mountain
swamps, Newf. to Penn., along the mountains to Va., west to Minn., and
northward. A slender tree or at high elevations a low or prostrate
shrub.
5. LARIX, Tourn. LARCH.
Catkins lateral, terminating short spurs on branches of a year's growth
or more, short or globular, developed in early spring; the sterile from
leafless buds; the fertile mostly with leaves below. Anther-cells
opening transversely. Pollen-grains simple, globular. Cones as in
Spruce, the scales persistent.--Leaves needle-shaped, soft, deciduous,
all foliaceous, very many in a fascicle developed in early spring from
lateral scaly and globular buds, and scattered along the developed
shoots of the season. Fertile catkins crimson or red in flower. (The
ancient name.)
1. L. Americana, Michx. (AMERICAN OR BLACK LARCH. TAMARACK.
HACKMATACK.) Leaves short; cones ovoid (6--9'' long), of few rounded
scales, arranged in {2/5} order.--Chiefly in cold swamps, N. Penn. to N.
Ind. and central Minn., and far northward. A slender tree, 30--100 deg.
high, with hard and very resinous wood.
6. TAXODIUM, Richard. BALD CYPRESS.
Flowers monoecious, the two kinds on the same branches. Sterile flowers
spiked-panicled, of few stamens; filaments scale-like, shield-shaped,
bearing 2--5 anther-cells. Fertile catkins ovoid, in small clusters,
scaly, with a pair of ovules at the base of each scale. Cone globular,
closed, composed of very thick and angular somewhat shield-shaped
scales, bearing 2 angled seeds at the base. Cotyledons 6--9.--Trees,
with narrow linear 2-ranked light and deciduous leaves; a part of the
slender leafy branchlets of the season also deciduous in autumn. (Name
compounded of [Greek: ta/xos], _the yew_, and [Greek: ei~)dos],
_resemblance_, the leaves being Yew-like.)
1. T. distichum, Richard. (AMERICAN BALD CYPRESS.) Leaves linear and
spreading; also some awl-shaped and imbricated on flowering
branchlets.--Swamps, S. Del. to S. Ill. and Mo., and southward, where it
is a very large and valuable tree. March, April.
7. CHAMAECYPARIS, Spach. WHITE CEDAR. CYPRESS.
Flowers monoecious on different branches, in terminal small catkins.
Sterile flowers composed of shield-shaped scale-like filaments bearing
2--4 anther-cells under the lower margin. Fertile catkins globular, of
shield-shaped scales decussate in pairs, bearing few (1--4) erect
bottle-shaped ovules at base. Cone globular, firmly closed, but opening
at maturity; the scales thick, pointed or bossed in the middle; the few
angled or somewhat winged seeds attached to their contracted base or
stalk. Cotyledons 2 or 3.--Strong-scented evergreen trees, with very
small and scale-like or some awl-shaped closely appressed-imbricated
leaves, distichous branchlets, and exceedingly durable wood. (From
[Greek: chamai/], _on the ground_, and [Greek: kypa/rissos], _cypress_.)
1. C. sphaeroidea, Spach. (WHITE CEDAR.) Leaves minute, pale, ovate or
triangular-awl-shaped, often with a small gland on the back, closely
imbricated in 4 rows; anther-cells 2 under each scale; cones small
(3--5'' in diameter) of about 3 pairs of scales; seeds slightly winged.
(Cupressus thyoides, _L._)--Swamps, S. Maine to Fla. and Miss. A tree
30--90 deg. high, the wood and fibrous shreddy bark, as well as foliage,
much as in Arbor Vitae.
8. THUYA, Tourn. ARBOR VITAE.
Flowers mostly monoecious on different branches, in very small terminal
ovoid catkins. Stamens with a scale-like filament or connective, bearing
4 anther-cells. Fertile catkins of few imbricated scales, fixed by the
base, each bearing 2 erect ovules, dry and spreading at maturity.
Cotyledons 2.--Small evergreen trees, with very flat 2-ranked spray, and
closely imbricated, small, appressed, persistent leaves; these of two
sorts, on different or successive branchlets; one awl-shaped; the other
scale-like, blunt, short, and adnate to the branch. ([Greek: Thyi~/a] or
[Greek: Thy/a], the ancient name of some resin-bearing evergreen.)
1. T. occidentalis, L. (ARBOR VITAE. WHITE CEDAR.) Leaves
appressed-imbricated in 4 rows on the 2-edged branchlets; scales of the
cones pointless; seeds broadly winged all round.--Swamps and cool rocky
banks, N. Brunswick to Penn., along the mountains to N. C., west to
Minn. A tree 20--50 deg. high, with pale shreddy bark, and light, soft, but
very durable wood.
9. JUNIPERUS, L. JUNIPER.
Flowers dioecious, or occasionally monoecious, in very small lateral
catkins. Anther-cells 3--6, attached to the lower edge of the
shield-shaped scale. Fertile catkins ovoid, of 3--6 fleshy coalescent
scales, each 1-ovuled, in fruit forming a sort of berry, which is
scaly-bracted underneath, bluish-black with white bloom. Seeds 1--3,
ovate, wingless, bony. Cotyledons 2.--Evergreen trees or shrubs, with
awl-shaped or scale-like rigid leaves, often of two shapes in Sec. 2. (The
classical name.)
Sec. 1. OXYCEDRUS. _Aments axillary; leaves in whorls of 3, free and
jointed at base, linear-subulate, prickly-pointed, channelled and white
glaucous above._
1. J. communis, L. (COMMON JUNIPER.) Shrub or small tree, with spreading
or pendulous branches; leaves rigid, more or less spreading (5--9''
long); berry dark blue (3'' or more in diameter).--Dry sterile hills,
common.
Var. alpina, Gaud., is a decumbent or prostrate form, with shorter
(2--4'' long) less spreading leaves.--Maine to Minn., and northward.
Sec. 2. SABINA. _Aments terminal; leaves mostly opposite, of two forms,
i.e., awl-shaped and loose, and scale-shaped, appressed-imbricated and
crowded, the latter with a resiniferous gland on the back._
2. J. Sabina, L., var. procumbens, Pursh. _A procumbent, prostrate or
sometimes creeping shrub_; scale-like leaves acute; _berry on short
recurved peduncles_, 3--5'' in diameter.--Rocky banks, borders of
swamps, etc., N. Eng. to N. Minn., and northward.
3. J. Virginiana, L. (RED CEDAR or SAVIN.) _From a shrub to a tree
60--90 deg. high_, pyramidal in form; scale-like leaves obtuse or acutish,
entire; _berries on straight peduncles_, about 3'' in diameter.--Dry
hills or deep swamps, common. Bark shreddy, and heart-wood red and
aromatic.
10. TAXUS, Tourn. YEW.
Flowers mostly dioecious, or sometimes monoecious, axillary from scaly
buds; the sterile small and globular, formed of a few naked stamens;
anther-cells 3--8 under a shield-like somewhat lobed connective. Fertile
flowers solitary, scaly-bracted at base, consisting merely of an erect
sessile ovule, with an annular disk, which becomes cup-shaped around its
base and at length pulpy and berry-like, globular and red, nearly
enclosing the nut-like seed. Cotyledons 2.--Leaves evergreen, flat,
mucronate, rigid, scattered, 2-ranked. (The classical name, probably
from [Greek: to/xon], _a bow_; the wood anciently used for bows.)
1. T. Canadensis, Willd. (AMERICAN YEW. GROUND HEMLOCK.) A low
straggling bush, the stems diffusely spreading; leaves linear, green
both sides. (T. baccata, var. Canadensis, _Willd._)--Moist banks and
hills, especially under evergreens; Newf. to N. J., Iowa, Minn., and
northward.
CLASS II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS OR ENDOGENOUS PLANTS.
Stems with no manifest distinction into bark, wood, and pith, but the
woody fibre and vessels in bundles or threads which are irregularly
imbedded in the cellular tissue; perennial trunks destitute of annual
layers. Leaves mostly parallel-veined (nerved) and sheathing at the
base, seldom separating by an articulation, almost always alternate or
scattered and not toothed. Parts of the flower commonly in threes.
Embryo with a single cotyledon, and the leaves of the plumule alternate.
ORDER 108. HYDROCHARIDACEAE. (FROG'S-BIT FAMILY.)
_Aquatic herbs, with dioecious or polygamous regular flowers, sessile or
on scape-like peduncles from a spathe, and simple or double floral
envelopes, which in the fertile flowers are united into a tube and
coherent with the 1--3-celled ovary._ Stamens 3--12, distinct or
monadelphous; anthers 2-celled. Stigmas 3 or 6. Fruit ripening under
water, indehiscent, many-seeded. Seeds ascending, without albumen;
embryo straight.
Tribe I. HYDRILLEAE. Stem elongated, submerged, leafy. Spathes small,
sessile.
1. Elodea. Leaves verticillate (rarely opposite). Perianth-tube
long-filiform.
Tribe II. VALLISNERIEAE. Stemless. Leaves elongated. Spathes pedunculate.
2. Vallisneria. Submerged; grass-like. Fertile flower solitary on a very
long scape.
Tribe III. STRATIOTEAE. Stem very short, with crowded leaves. Spathes
pedunculate. Ovary 6--9-celled.
3. Limnobium. Stemless, floating; broad leaves long-petioled.
1. ELODEA, Michx. WATER-WEED.
Flowers polygamo-dioecious, solitary and sessile from a sessile tubular
2-cleft axillary spathe. Sterile flowers small or minute, with 3 sepals
barely united at base, and usually 3 similar or narrower petals;
filaments short and united at base, or none; anthers 3--9, oval. Fertile
flowers pistillate or apparently perfect; perianth extended into an
extremely long capillary tube; the limb 6-parted; the small lobes
obovate, spreading. Stamens 3--9, often with imperfect anthers or none.
Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae, each bearing a few
orthotropous ovules; the capillary style coherent with the tube of the
perianth; stigmas 3, large, 2-lobed or notched, exserted. Fruit oblong,
coriaceous, few-seeded.--Perennial slender submerged herbs, with
elongated branching stems, thickly beset with pellucid and veinless,
1-nerved, sessile, whorled or opposite leaves. The staminate flowers
(rarely seen) commonly break off, as in Vallisneria, and float on the
surface, where they expand and shed their pollen around the stigmas of
the fertile flowers, raised to the surface by the prolonged calyx-tube,
which varies in length according to the depth of the water. (Name from
[Greek: e(lo/des], _marshy_.)
1. E. Canadensis, Michx. Leaves in 3's or 4's, or the lower opposite,
varying from linear to oval-oblong, minutely serrulate; stamens 9 in the
sterile flowers, 3 or 6 almost sessile anthers in the fertile.
(Anacharis Canadensis, _Planchon._)--Slow streams and ponds, common.
July.
2. VALLISNERIA, L. TAPE-GRASS. EEL-GRASS.
Flowers strictly dioecious; the sterile numerous and crowded in a head
on a conical receptacle, enclosed in an ovate at length 3-valved spathe
which is borne on a very short scape; stamens mostly 3. Fertile flowers
solitary and sessile in a tubular spathe upon an exceedingly lengthened
scape. Perianth (calyx) 3-parted in the sterile flowers; in the fertile
with a linear tube coherent with the 1-celled ovary, but not extended
beyond it, 3-lobed (the lobes obovate); also 3 linear small petals.
Stigmas 3, large, nearly sessile, 2-lobed. Ovules very numerous,
scattered over the walls, orthotropous. Fruit elongated, cylindrical,
berry-like.--Stemless plants, with long linear grass-like leaves, wholly
submerged. The staminate clusters being confined to the bottom by the
shortness of the scape, the flower-buds themselves break from their
short pedicels and float on the surface, where they shed their pollen
around the fertile flowers, which are raised to the surface by sudden
growth at the same time; afterwards the thread-form scapes (2--4 feet
long) coil up spirally, drawing the fruit under water to ripen. (Named
for _Ant. Vallisneri_, an early Italian botanist.)
1. V. spiralis, L. Leaves linear, thin, long and ribbon-like (1--6 deg.
long), obscurely serrulate, obtuse, somewhat nerved and
netted-veined.--Common in slow waters, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Minn.
and Tex.
3. LIMNOBIUM, Richard. AMERICAN FROG'S-BIT.
Flowers dioecious, (or monoecious?) from sessile or somewhat peduncled
spathes; the sterile spathe 1-leaved, producing about 3 long-pedicelled
flowers; the fertile 2-leaved, with a single short-pedicelled flower.
Calyx 3-parted or cleft; sepals oblong-oval. Petals 3, oblong-linear.
Filaments entirely united in a central solid column, bearing 6--12
linear anthers at unequal heights; there are 3--6 awl-shaped rudiments
of stamens in the fertile flowers. Ovary 6--9-celled, with as many
placentae in the axis, forming an ovoid many-seeded berry in fruit;
stigmas as many as the cells, but 2-parted, awl-shaped.--A stemless
perennial herb, floating in stagnant water, proliferous by runners,
with long-petioled and round-heart shaped leaves, which are
spongy-reticulated and purplish underneath; rootlets slender, hairy.
Sterile flowers rather small; the fertile larger; peduncle nodding in
fruit. Petals white? (Name from [Greek: limno/bios], _living in pools_.)
1. L. Spongia, Richard. Leaves 1--2' long, faintly 5-nerved; peduncle of
sterile flower about 3' long and filiform, of the fertile only 1' long
and stout.--Stagnant water, N. J. to Fla.; also L. Ontario, Ill., and
Mo.
ORDER 109. BURMANNIACEAE. (BURMANNIA FAMILY.)
_Small annual herbs, often with minute and scale-like leaves, or those
at the root grass-like; the flowers perfect, with a 6-cleft corolla-like
perianth, the tube of which adheres to the 1-celled or 3-celled ovary;
stamens 3 and distinct, opposite the inner divisions of the perianth;
capsule many-seeded, the seeds very minute._--A small, chiefly tropical
family.
1. BURMANNIA, L.
Ovary 3-celled, with the thick placentae in the axis. Filaments 3, very
short. Style slender; stigma capitate-3-lobed. Capsule often 3-winged.
(Named for _J. Burmann_, an early Dutch botanist.)
1. B. biflora, L. Stem low and slender (2--4' high), 2-flowered at the
summit, or soon several-flowered; perianth (2--3'' long) bright blue,
3-winged.--Peaty bogs, Va. to Fla.
ORDER 110. ORCHIDACEAE. (ORCHIS FAMILY.)
_Herbs, clearly distinguished by their perfect irregular flowers, with
6-merous perianth adnate to the 1-celled ovary, with innumerable ovules
on 3 parietal placentae, and with either one or two gynandrous stamens,
the pollen cohering in masses._ Fruit a 1-celled 3-valved capsule, with
innumerable minute seeds, appearing like fine saw-dust. Perianth of 6
divisions in 2 sets; the 3 outer (_sepals_) mostly of the same
petal-like texture and appearance as the 3 inner (_petals_). One of the
inner set differs more or less in figure, direction, etc., from the
rest, and is called the _lip_; only the other two taking the name of
_petals_ in the following descriptions. The lip is really the upper
petal, i.e. the one next to the axis, but by a twist of the ovary of
half a turn it is more commonly directed forward and brought next the
bract. Before the lip, in the axis of the flower, is the _column_,
composed of a single stamen, or in Cypripedium of two stamens and a
rudiment of a third, variously coherent with or borne on the style or
thick fleshy stigma; anther 2-celled; each cell containing one or more
masses of pollen (_pollinia_) or the pollen granular (in Cypripedium).
Stigma a broad glutinous surface, except in Cypripedium.--Perennials,
often tuber-bearing or tuberous-rooted; some epiphytes. Leaves
parallel-nerved, all alternate. Flowers often showy, commonly singular
in shape, solitary, racemed, or spiked, each subtended by a bract,--in
all arranged for fertilization by the aid of insects, very few capable
of unaided self-fertilization.
Tribe I. EPIDENDREAE. Anther terminal, erect or inclined, operculate.
Pollinia smooth and waxy, 4 or 8 (2 or 4 in each cell), distinct, or
those in each cell (or all in n. 3 and 7) united at base. (Pollinia 8
only in n. 7 of our genera.)
[*] Green-foliaged plants, from solid bulbs, with 1 or 2 leaves.
[+] Column very short; leaf solitary.
1. Microstylis. Flowers racemose, minute, greenish. Petals filiform.
[+][+] Column elongated; leaves radical.
[++] Whole plant (except the flowers) green.
2. Liparis. Leaves 2. Raceme few-flowered. Lip flat, entire.
3. Calypso. Leaf solitary. Flower large, solitary. Lip saccate.
[++][++] A single green autumnal leaf; otherwise mainly brownish or
purplish.
4. Tipularia. Raceme many-flowered; flowers small, greenish; lip
3-lobed.
5. Aplectrum. Raceme loose; flowers rather large; lip 3-ridged, not
spurred or saccate.
[*][*] Leafless, with coralloid roots; whole plant brownish or
yellowish; flowers racemose.
6. Corallorhiza. Pollinia 4, in 2 pairs. Flower gibbous or somewhat
spurred, and lip with 1--3 ridges; sepals and petals 1--3-nerved.
7. Hexalectris. Pollinia 8, united. Flower not gibbous; sepals and
petals several-nerved; lip with 5--6 ridges.
Tribe II. NEOTTIEAE. Anthers erect upon the back of the column at the
summit, or terminal and opercular. Pollinia granular or powdery, more or
less cohering in 2 or 4 delicate masses, and attached at the apex to the
beak of the stigma.
[*] Anthers without operculum, erect upon the back of the short column.
Flowers small, in spikes or racemes.
8. Listera. Stem from a fibrous root, 2-foliate. Lip flat, 2-lobed.
9. Spiranthes. Stems leafy below, from tuberous-fascicled roots. Flowers
1--3-ranked in a twisted spike. Lip embracing the column below, with 2
callosities at base.
10. Goodyera. Leaves radical, white-reticulated. Lip entire, free from
the column, saccate, without callosities.
[*][*] Anther operculate, erect and jointed upon the short column. Stem
stout, very leafy.
11. Epipactis. Flowers racemose; perianth spreading; lip dilated above.
[*][*][*] Anther terminal, operculate, incumbent; column elongated. Stem
scapose or few-leaved; flowers large, solitary or few.
12. Arethusa. Leaf and flower solitary. Lip bearded, its base adherent
to the linear column. Pollinia 4.
13. Calopogon. Leaf solitary, grass-like. Lip bearded, stalked, free.
Column winged at the apex. Pollinia 4.
14. Pogonia. More or less leafy. Lip crested, free. Column clavate.
Pollinia 2.
Tribe III. OPHRYDEAE. Anther without operculum, the cells adnate to the
top of the column and often continuous with the beak of the stigma.
Pollinia 2, of coarse grains united by an elastic web, each attached at
base by a stalk to a viscid gland. Flower (in ours) ringent and
spurred, spicate upon a leafy stem.
15. Orchis. The two glands or viscid disks enclosed in a common pouch.
16. Habenaria. The two glands naked, either approximate or widely
separated.
Tribe IV. CYPRIPEDIEAE. Perfect anthers 2, lateral, the sterile one
forming a dilated fleshy appendage above the terminal stigma. Pollen
granular, not in masses.
17. Cypripedium. Stems more or less leafy. Perianth spreading; lip an
inflated sac.
1. MICROSTYLIS, Nutt. ADDER'S-MOUTH.
Sepals oblong, spreading. Petals thread-like or linear, spreading. Lip
auricled or ovate at base, not tubercled, entire or nearly so. Column
very small, terete, with 2 teeth or auricles at the summit and the erect
anther between them. Pollen-masses 4, in one row (2 in each cell),
cohering by pairs at the apex, waxy, without any stalks, threads, or
gland.--Low herbs, from solid bulbs, producing simple stems, which bear
in our species a single leaf and a raceme of minute greenish flowers.
(Name composed of [Greek: mikro/s], _small_, and [Greek: styli/s], _a
column_ or _style_.)
1. M. monophyllos, Lindl. Slender (4--6' high); leaf sheathing the base
of the stem, ovate-elliptical; _racemes spiked, long and slender;
pedicels not longer than the flowers_; lip long-pointed.--Cold wet
swamps, N. New Eng. to Penn., N. Ind., Minn., and northward. July.
(Eu.)
2. M. ophioglossoides, Nutt. Leaf near the middle of the stem, ovate,
clasping; _raceme short and obtuse; pedicels much longer than the
flowers_; lip truncate-3-lobed at the summit, the middle lobe very
small.--Low moist ground, N. Scotia to Fla., west to Minn. and Mo.
July.--Pollinia (at least sometimes) only 1 in each cell.
2. LIPARIS, Richard. TWAYBLADE.
Sepals and petals nearly equal, linear, or the latter thread-like,
spreading. Lip flat, entire, often bearing 2 tubercles above the base.
Column elongated, incurved, margined at the apex. Anther lid-like,
terminal; pollen-masses 4, in one row (2 to each cell), slightly united
in pairs, without stalk, threads, or gland.--Small, low herbs, with
solid bulbs, producing 2 root-leaves and a low scape, which bears a
raceme of few purplish or greenish flowers. (Name from [Greek:
liparo/s], _fat_ or _shining_, in allusion to the smooth or unctuous
leaves.)
1. L. liliifolia, Richard. Leaves ovate; petals thread-like, reflexed;
_lip large_ (11/2' long), _wedge-obovate, abruptly short-pointed,
brown-purplish_.--Moist woodlands, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Minn. and Mo.
June.
2. L. Loeselii, Richard. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblong, keeled;
_lip obovate or oblong_ (2'' long), mucronate, _yellowish-green, shorter
than the linear unequal petals and sepals_.--Bogs, N. Scotia to Md., S.
Ill., and Minn. (Eu.)
3. CALYPSO, Salisb.
Sepals and petals nearly similar, ascending, spreading, lanceolate,
pointed. Lip larger than the rest of the flower, sac-shaped, inflated
(9'' long), 2-pointed underneath the apex. Column broadly winged and
petal-like, ovate, bearing the lid-like anther just below the apex;
pollen-masses waxy, 2, each 2-parted, all sessile on a square gland.--A
little bog-herb; the solid bulbs producing a single ovate or slightly
heart-shaped thin leaf, as in Aplectrum, and a short (3--5' high) scape,
sheathed below, bearing a large and showy (variegated purple, pink, and
yellow) flower. (Name from the goddess _Calypso_.)
1. C. borealis, Salisb.--Cold bogs and wet woods, the bulbs resting in
moss, with a coralloid root beneath; Maine and Vt. to Mich. and Minn.,
and northward. May.--A very local and beautiful plant. Lip somewhat
resembling that of a Lady's Slipper, woolly-hairy inside. (Eu.)
4. TIPULARIA, Nutt. CRANE-FLY ORCHIS.