ample, heart-shaped, long-acuminate; corolla 2' long, nearly white,
inconspicuously spotted, with obconical tube and slightly oblique limb,
the lower lobe emarginate; capsule thick.--Low rich woodlands, S. Ind.
to Tenn., Mo., and Ark. May.
C. BIGNONIOIDES, Walt., of Ga., Ala. and Miss., very widely cultivated,
and formerly including the above species, is a low much branched tree,
with thin bark, smaller (11/2' long) thickly spotted corolla (with oblique
limb and lower lobe entire), and a much thinner capsule.
ORDER 79. PEDALIACEAE.
_Herbs, with chiefly opposite simple leaves, and flowers as of the
preceding Order, except in structure of ovary and fruit, the former
being 1-celled, the latter fleshy-drupaceous, with wingless seeds and
thick entire cotyledons._--Ovary (in ours) 1-celled, with 2 parietal
intruded placentae expanded into 2 broad lamellae or united into a central
columella.
1. MARTYNIA, L. UNICORN-PLANT.
Calyx 5-cleft, mostly unequal. Corolla gibbous, bell-shaped, 5-lobed and
somewhat 2-lipped. Fertile stamens 4, or only 2. Fruit fleshy, the flesh
at length falling away in 2 valves; the inner part woody, terminated by
a beak, which at length splits into 2 hooked horns, and opens at the
apex between the horns, imperfectly 5-celled, owing to the divergence of
the two plates of each placenta, leaving a space in the centre, while by
reaching and cohering with the walls of the fruit they form 4 other
cells. Seeds several, wingless, with a thick roughened coat.--Low
branching annuals, clammy-pubescent, exhaling a heavy odor, stems
thickish; leaves simple, rounded; flowers racemed, large. (Dedicated to
_Prof. John Martyn_, of Cambridge, England.)
1 M. proboscidea, Glox. Leaves heart-shaped, oblique, entire or
undulate, the upper alternate; corolla dull white or purplish, or
spotted with yellow and purple; endocarp of the fruit crested on one
side, long-beaked.--Banks of the Mississippi and its lower tributaries,
from S. Ind., Ill., and Iowa, to northern Mexico. Also cultivated and
naturalized farther north.
ORDER 80. ACANTHACEAE. (ACANTHUS FAMILY.)
_Chiefly herbs, with opposite simple leaves, didynamous or diandrous
stamens, inserted on the tube of the more or less 2-lipped corolla, the
lobes of which are convolute or imbricated in the bud; fruit a 2-celled
and few- (4--12-) seeded capsule; seeds anatropous, without albumen,
usually flat and supported by hooked projections of the placentae
(retinacula)._--Flowers commonly much bracted. Calyx 5-cleft. Style
thread-form; stigma simple or 2-cleft. Pod loculicidal, usually
flattened contrary to the valves and partition. Cotyledons broad and
flat.--Mucilaginous and slightly bitter, not noxious. A large family in
the warmer parts of the world; represented in gardens by THUNBERGIA,
which differs from the rest by the globular pod and seeds, the latter
not on hooks.
[*] Corolla not obviously bilabiate, the 5 lobes broad and roundish,
spreading; stamens 4.
1. Calophanes. Calyx-lobes long-filiform. Capsule 2--4-seeded.
2. Ruellia. Calyx-lobes mostly linear or lanceolate. Capsule
6--20-seeded.
[*][*] Corolla bilabiate, upper lip erect and concave, lower spreading;
stamens 2.
3. Dianthera. Capsule obovate, flattened, 4-seeded.
1. CALOPHANES, Don.
Calyx deeply 5-cleft or parted; its lobes elongated setaceous-acuminate
or aristiform. Corolla funnel-form, with ample limb, convolute in the
bud. Stamens 4, the anthers mucronate or sometimes aristate at base.
Ovules a single pair in each cell. Capsule oblong-linear,
2--4-seeded.--Low branching perennials, pubescent or hirsute, with
proportionally large axillary nearly sessile flowers (solitary or few),
and blue corolla. (Name from [Greek: kalo/s], _beautiful_, and [Greek:
phai/no], _to appear_.)
1. C. oblongifolia, Don. Stems visually erect and simple, 1/2--1 deg. high;
leaves from narrowly oblong to oval, very obtuse, sessile (1' long or
less); corolla blue, sometimes purple-dotted or mottled, seldom 1' long;
calyx-lobes nearly distinct, filiform-setaceous, hirsute.--Pine-barrens,
S. Va. to Fla.
2. RUELLIA, Plumier.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-form, with spreading ample border,
convolute in the bud. Stamens 4, the cells of the somewhat arrow-shaped
anthers parallel and nearly equal. Capsule narrow, in our species
somewhat flattened, contracted and seedless at the base, above
8--12-seeded. Seeds with a mucilaginous coat, when wet exhibiting under
the microscope innumerable tapering short bristles, their walls marked
with rings or spirals.--Perennials, with rather large and showy blue or
purple flowers, mostly in axillary clusters, sometimes also with small
flowers precociously close-fertilized in the bud. Calyx often
2-bracteolate. (Named for the early herbalist, _John Ruelle_.)
1. R. ciliosa, Pursh. _Hirsute_ with soft whitish hairs (1--3 deg. high);
_leaves nearly sessile, oval_ or ovate-oblong (1--2' long); flowers 1--3
and almost sessile in the axils; _tube of the corolla_ (1--11/2' long)
fully _twice the length of the setaceous calyx-lobes_; the throat
short.--Dry ground, Mich. to Minn., south to Fla. and La.
June--Sept.--Var. AMBIGUA, Gray. Sparingly hirsute-pubescent or
glabrate; leaves ovate-oblong, usually short-petioled, larger; tube of
corolla little exceeding the hardly hirsute calyx.--Va. and Ky. to Ala.
Appearing like a hybrid with the next.
2. R. strepens, L. _Glabrous or sparingly pubescent_ (1--4 deg. high);
_leaves narrowed at base into a petiole_, ovate, obovate, or mostly
oblong (21/2--5' long); _tube of the corolla_ (about 1' long) little
longer than the dilated portion, _slightly exceeding the lanceolate or
linear calyx-lobes_.--Rich soil, Penn. to Wisc., south to Fla. and Tex.
July--Sept.--Var. CLEISTANTHA, Gray. Leaves commonly narrower and
oblong; flowers for most of the season cleistogamous.--Common with the
ordinary form.
3. DIANTHERA, Gronov. WATER-WILLOW.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla deeply 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, notched;
the lower spreading, 3-parted, external in the bud. Stamens 2; anthers
2-celled, the cells separated and somewhat unequal. Capsule obovate,
flattened, contracted at base into a short stalk, 4-seeded.--Perennial
herbs, growing in water or wet places, with entire leaves, and purplish
flowers in axillary peduncled spikes or heads. (Name formed of [Greek:
di/s], _double_, and [Greek: a)nthera/], _anther_; the separated cells
giving the appearance of two anthers on each filament.)
1. D. Americana, L. Stem 1--3 deg. high; leaves linear-lanceolate,
elongated; spikes oblong, dense, long-peduncled; corolla 4--5''
long.--In water, N. W. Vt. to Wisc., south to S. C. and Tex. July--Sept.
ORDER 81. VERBENACEAE. (VERVAIN FAMILY.)
_Herbs or shrubs, with opposite leaves, more or less 2-lipped or
irregular corolla, and didynamous stamens, the 2--4-celled_ (in Phryma
1-celled) _fruit dry or drupaceous, usually splitting when ripe into as
many 1-seeded indehiscent nutlets_; differing from the following order
in the ovary not being 4-lobed, the style therefore terminal, and the
plants seldom aromatic or furnishing a volatile oil.--Seeds with a
straight embryo and little or no albumen.--A large order in the warmer
parts of the world, sparingly represented in cool regions.
Tribe I. VERBENEAE. Ovary 2--4-celled, with an erect anatropous ovule in
each cell.
1. Verbena. Flowers in spikes or heads. Calyx tubular. Fruit splitting
into 4 nutlets.
2. Lippia. Flowers in spikes or heads. Calyx short, 2-cleft. Fruit
splitting into 2 nutlets.
3. Callicarpa. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx short. Fruit berry-like,
with 4 nutlets.
Tribe II. PHRYMEAE. Ovary 1-celled; ovule erect, orthotropous.
4. Phryma. Flowers in slender spikes. Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped. Fruit
an achene.
1. VERBENA, Tourn. VERVAIN.
Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, one of the teeth often shorter than the
others. Corolla tubular, often curved, salver-form; the border somewhat
unequally 5-cleft. Stamens included; the upper pair occasionally
without anthers. Style slender; stigma mostly 2-lobed. Fruit splitting
into 4 seed-like nutlets.--Flowers sessile, in single or often panicled
spikes, bracted; produced all summer. (The Latin name for any sacred
herb; derivation obscure.)--The species present numerous spontaneous
hybrids.
Sec. 1. _Anthers not appendaged; flowers small, in narrow spikes._
[*] _Spikes filiform, with flowers or at least fruits scattered, naked,
the inconspicuous bracts shorter than the calyx._
V. OFFICINALIS, L. (EUROPEAN V.) Annual, glabrous or nearly so,
loosely branched (1--3 deg. high); _leaves pinnatifid or 3-cleft,
oblong-lanceolate_, sessile, smooth above, the lobes cut and toothed;
spikes panicled; _flowers purplish_, very small.--Roadsides and old
fields, N. J. to Minn., south to Tex., and westward. (Nat. from Eu.)
1. V. urticaefolia, L. (WHITE V.) Perennial, from minutely pubescent to
almost glabrous, rather tall (3--5 deg. high); _leaves oval or oblong-ovate,
acute, coarsely serrate, petioled_; spikes at length much elongated,
loosely panicled; flowers very small, _white_.--Waste or open grounds.
(Trop. Am.)
[*][*] _Spikes thicker or densely flowered; the fruits crowded, mostly
overlapping each other; bracts inconspicuous, not exceeding the flowers;
perennial._
2. V. angustifolia, Michx. Low (6--18' high), often simple; _leaves
narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the base, sessile, roughish_, slightly
toothed; spikes few or single; the purple flowers crowded, larger than
in the next.--Dry or sandy ground, Mass. to Minn., south to Fla. and
Ark.
3. V. hastata, L. (BLUE VERVAIN.) Tall (4--6 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate_, taper-pointed, cut-serrate, _petioled, the lower
often lobed and sometimes halberd-shaped_ at base; _spikes linear,
erect_, corymbed or panicled; flowers blue.--Waste grounds and
roadsides; common.
4. V. stricta, Vent. (HOARY V.) _Downy with soft whitish hairs_, erect,
simple or branched (1--2 deg. high); _leaves sessile, obovate or oblong,
serrate_; _spikes thick_, somewhat clustered, hairy; flowers rather
large, purple.--Barrens and prairies, Ohio to Dak., south to Tex. and
N. Mex.
[*][*][*] _Spikes thick, sessile and leafy-bracted; annual._
5. V. bracteosa, Michx. Widely spreading or procumbent, hairy; leaves
wedge-lanceolate, cut-pinnatifid or 3-cleft, short-petioled; spikes
single, remotely flowered; bracts large, the lower pinnatifid, longer
than the small purple flowers.--Prairies and waste grounds, Ohio to
Minn., south and westward.
Sec. 2. _Anthers of the longer stamens glandular-tipped; flowers showy,
from depressed-capitate becoming spicate._
6. V. bipinnatifida, Nutt. _Hispid-hirsute_, 1/2--1 deg. high; _leaves_
(11/2--4' long) _bipinnately parted_, or 3-parted into more or less
bipinnatifid divisions, the lobes commonly linear or broader; _bracts
mostly surpassing the calyx_; limb of bluish-purple or lilac corolla
4--5'' _broad_.--Plains and prairies, Kan. to Ark. and Tex., and
westward.
7. V. Aubletia, L. Slender, 1 deg. high or less, _soft-pubescent or
glabrate_; _leaves_ (1--2' long) _ovate or ovate-oblong in outline, with
a wedge-shaped base, incisely lobed and toothed_, often more deeply
3-cleft; _bracts shorter than or equalling the calyx_; limb of
reddish-purple or lilac (rarely white) corolla 6--8'' _broad_.--Open
woods and prairies, Ind. and Ill. to Fla., Ark., and N. Mex.
2. LIPPIA, Houst.
Calyx short, often flattened, 2--4-toothed, or 2-lipped. Corolla
2-lipped; upper lip notched, the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens
included. Style slender; stigma obliquely capitate. Fruit 2-celled,
2-seeded. (Dedicated to _Augustus Lippi_, an Italian naturalist and
traveller.)
1. L. lanceolata, Michx. (FOG-FRUIT.) _Creeping extensively, roughish,
green; leaves oblanceolate or wedge-spatulate_, serrate above;
_peduncles axillary, slender, exceeding the leaves_, bearing solitary
closely bracted heads of bluish-white flowers; _bracts mucronate or
pointless_.--River-banks, E. Penn. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.
July--Sept.
2. L. cuneifolia, Steud. Diffusely branched from a woody base,
procumbent _(not creeping), minutely canescent throughout; leaves rigid,
cuneate-linear_, incisely 2--6-toothed above the middle; peduncles
axillary, _mostly shorter than the leaves_; bracts rigid, broadly
cuneate, _abruptly acuminate_; corolla white (?).--Plains, W. Neb. to
central Kan. and Arizona.
3. CALLICARPA, L.
Calyx 4--5-toothed, short. Corolla tubular-bell-shaped, 4--5-lobed,
nearly regular. Stamens 4, nearly equal, exserted; anthers opening at
the apex. Style slender, thickened upward. Fruit a small berry-like
drupe, with 4 nutlets.--Shrubs, with scurfy pubescence, and small
flowers in axillary cymes. (Name formed of [Greek: ka/llos], _beauty_,
and [Greek: karpo/s], _fruit_.)
1. C. Americana, L. (FRENCH MULBERRY.) Leaves ovate-oblong with a
tapering base, acuminate, toothed, whitish beneath; cymes many-flowered;
calyx obscurely 4-toothed; corolla bluish; fruit violet-color.--Rich
soil, Va. to Tex., thence north to Mo. May--July.
4. PHRYMA, L. LOPSEED.
Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped; the upper lip of 3 bristle-awl-shaped
teeth; the lower shorter, 2-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip
notched; the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens included. Style
slender; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit dry, in the bottom of the calyx, oblong,
1-celled and 1-seeded. Seed orthotropous. Cotyledons convolute round
their axis.--A perennial herb, with slender branching stems, and
coarsely toothed ovate leaves, the lower long-petioled; the small
opposite flowers in elongated and slender terminal spikes, strictly
reflexed in fruit. Corolla purplish or rose-color. (Derivation of the
name unknown.)
1. P. Leptostachya, L. Plant 2--3 deg. high; leaves 3--5' long, thin; calyx
strongly ribbed and closed in fruit, the long slender teeth hooked at
the tip.--Moist and open woods, common. (E. Asia.)
ORDER 82. LABIATAE. (MINT FAMILY.)
_Chiefly herbs, with square stems, opposite aromatic leaves, more or
less 2-lipped corolla, didynamous or diandrous stamens, and a deeply
4-lobed ovary, which forms in fruit 4 little seed-like nutlets or
achenes, surrounding the base of the single style in the bottom of the
persistent calyx, each filled with a single erect seed._--Nutlets smooth
or barely roughish and fixed by their base, except in the first tribe.
Albumen mostly none. Embryo straight (except in Scutellaria); radicle at
the base of the fruit. Upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed or sometimes
entire; the lower 3-lobed. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla.
Style 2-lobed at the apex. Flowers axillary, chiefly in cymose clusters,
these often aggregated in terminal spikes or racemes. Foliage mostly
dotted with small glands containing a volatile oil, upon which depends
the warmth and aroma of the plants of this large and well-known family.
I. Nutlets rugose-reticulated, attached obliquely or ventrally; ovary
merely 4-lobed.
Tribe I. AJUGOIDEAE. Stamens 4, ascending and parallel, mostly exserted
from the upper side of the corolla. Calyx 5--10-nerved.
[*] Limb of corolla merely oblique, of 5 nearly equal and similar lobes.
1. Trichostema. Corolla lobes all declined. Calyx oblique. Stamens
exserted.
2. Isanthus. Calyx bell shaped. Corolla small, the lobes spreading.
Stamens included.
[*][*] Limb of corolla irregular, seemingly unilabiate, the upper lip
being either split down or very short; stamens exserted from the cleft.
3. Teucrium. Corolla deeply cleft between the 2 small lobes of the upper
lip.
4. Ajuga. Corolla with a very short and as if truncate upper lip.
II. Nutlets smooth or granulate; scar basal, small; ovary deeply
4-parted.
Tribe II. SATUREINEAE. Upper pair of stamens shorter or wanting; anthers
2-celled. Upper lip of corolla not galeate or concave.
[*] Flowers in loose terminal panicled racemes; calyx 2-lipped, enlarged
and declined in fruit.
5. Collinsonia. Lower lobe of corolla fimbriate, much the largest.
Stamens 2.
6. Perilla. Corolla short, the lower lobe little larger. Stamens 4,
included.
[*][*] Flowers in more or less crowded clusters or whorls, axillary or
spicate.
[+] Corolla not evidently 2-lipped, but almost equally 4-lobed, small.
Stamens erect, distant.
7. Mentha. Fertile stamens 4, nearly equal.
8. Lycopus. Fertile stamens 2, and often 2 sterile filaments without
anthers.
[+][+] Corolla more or less 2-lipped.
[++] Stamens distant and straight, often divergent, never convergent nor
curved.
[=] Stamens 2, with or without rudiments of the upper pair.
9. Cunila. Calyx very hairy in the throat, equally 5-toothed. Corolla
small.
[=][=] Stamens 4, calyx 10--13-nerved, and hairy in the throat (except
n. 10).
10. Hyssopus. Calyx tubular, 15-nerved, equally 5-toothed. Stamens
exserted.
11. Pycnanthemum. Calyx ovate or short-tubular, equally 5-toothed or
somewhat 2-lipped. Flowers in dense heads or clusters.
12. Origanum. Calyx ovate-bell-shaped, 5-toothed. Spikes with large
colored bracts.
13. Thymus. Calyx ovate, nodding in fruit, 2-lipped. Bracts minute;
leaves very small.
[++][++] Stamens (often 2 only in n. 16) ascending or arcuate, often
more or less converging (or ascending parallel under the erect upper lip
in n. 14 and 15).
14. Satureia. Calyx bell-shaped, 10-nerved, naked in the throat, equally
5-toothed.
15. Calamintha. Calyx tubular, often hairy in the throat, 13-nerved,
2-lipped. Tube of corolla straight.
16. Melissa. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, flattish on the upper side.
Corolla curved upward.
17. Hedeoma. Calyx gibbous on the lower side, hairy in the throat.
Flowers loose.
Tribe III. MONARDEAE. Stamens 2, ascending and parallel; anthers
apparently or really 1-celled. Corolla strongly 2-lipped.
18. Salvia. Calyx 2-lipped. Anthers with a long connective astride the
filament, bearing a linear cell at the upper end, and none or an
imperfect cell on the lower.
19. Monarda. Calyx tubular and elongated, equally 5-toothed. Anthers of
2 cells confluent into one, the connective inconspicuous.
20. Blephilia. Calyx ovate-tubular, 2-lipped. Anthers as in the last.
Tribe IV. NEPETEAE. Stamens 4, the upper (inner) pair longer than the
lower,ascending or diverging. Corolla 2-lipped; the upper lip concave
or arched, the lower spreading. Calyx mostly 15-nerved.
[*] Anthers not approximate in pairs; their cells parallel or nearly so.
21. Lophanthus. Stamens divergent, exserted; upper pair declined, lower
ascending.
22. Cedronella. Stamens all ascending, not exceeding the lip of the
corolla.
[*][*] Anthers more or less approximate in pairs; their cells divaricate
or divergent; filaments ascending, not exserted.
23. Nepeta. Calyx more or less curved, equally 5-toothed.
24. Dracocephalum. Calyx straight, the upper tooth much the larger.
Tribe V. SCUTELLARINEAE. Stamens 4, ascending and parallel. Calyx
bilabiate, closed in fruit; the rounded lips entire. Corolla bilabiate,
the upper lip arched.
25. Scutellaria. Calyx with a helmet-like projection on the upper side.
Tribe VI. STACHYDEAE. Stamens 4, parallel and ascending under the galeate
or concave upper lip, the lower (outer) pair longer (except in n. 31,
32). Calyx 5--10-nerved, not 2-lipped (except in n. 26).
[*] Calyx reticulate-veiny, deeply bilabiate, closed in fruit.
26. Brunella. Calyx nerved and veiny; upper lip flat, 3-toothed, the
lower 2-cleft.
[*][*] Calyx thin, inflated in fruit, obscurely nerved, 3--5-lobed,
open.
27. Physostegia. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Anther cells parallel.
28. Synandra. Calyx almost equally 4-lobed! Anther cells widely
divergent.
[*][*][*] Calyx of firmer texture, distinctly 5--10-nerved or striate,
5--10-toothed.
[+] Stamens included in the short corolla-tube, its upper lip merely
concave.
29. Marrubium. Calyx tubular, 5--10-nerved, and with 5 or 10 awl-shaped
teeth.
[+][+] Stamens ascending under the galeate upper lip of the corolla.
[++] Stamens not deflexed after anthesis; naturalized from the Old
World.
30. Ballota. Calyx somewhat funnel-form, expanding above into a
spreading 5-toothed border. Nutlets roundish at top. Upper lip of the
corolla erect.
31. Phlomis. Calyx tubular, the 5 teeth abruptly awned. Upper lip of the
corolla arched.
32. Leonurus. Calyx top-shaped, the rigid spiny-pointed teeth soon
spreading. Nutlets truncate and acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves cleft or
incised.
33. Lamium. Calyx-teeth not spiny-pointed. Nutlets sharply 3-angled,
truncate.
34. Galeopsis. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped; the 5 teeth spiny-pointed.
Anthers transversely 2-valved, the smaller valve ciliate.
[++][++] Stamens often deflexed or contorted after anthesis.
35. Stachys. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, equally 5-toothed or the 2 upper
teeth united into one. Nutlets rounded at top.
1. TRICHOSTEMA, L. BLUE CURLS.
Calyx bell-shaped, oblique, deeply 5-cleft; the 3 upper teeth elongated
and partly united, the 2 lower very short. Corolla 5-lobed; the lobes
narrowly oblong, declined, nearly equal in length; the 3 lower more or
less united. Stamens 4, with very long capillary filaments, exserted
much beyond the corolla, curved; anther-cells divergent and at length
confluent.--Low annuals, somewhat clammy glandular and balsamic,
branched, with entire leaves, and mostly solitary 1-flowered pedicels
terminating the branches, becoming lateral by the production of axillary
branchlets, and the flower appearing to be reversed, namely, the short
teeth of the calyx upward, etc. Corolla blue, varying to pink, rarely
white, small; in summer and autumn. (Name composed of [Greek: thri/x],
_hair_ and [Greek: ste~ma], _stamen_, from the capillary filaments.)
1. T. dichotomum, L. (BASTARD PENNYROYAL.) Viscid with rather minute
pubescence; _leaves lance-oblong or rhombic-lanceolate_, rarely
lance-linear, short-petioled.--Sandy fields, E. Mass. to Ky., south to
Fla. and Tex.
2. T. lineare, Nutt. Puberulent, more slender and less forked; _leaves
linear_, nearly smooth.--Conn. to La., near the coast; in sandy ground.
2. ISANTHUS, Michx. FALSE PENNYROYAL.
Calyx bell-shaped, 5-lobed, equal, enlarged in fruit. Corolla little
longer than the calyx; the border bell-shaped, with 5 nearly equal and
obovate spreading lobes. Stamens 4, slightly didynamous,
incurved-ascending, scarcely exceeding the corolla.--A low, much
branched annual, clammy-pubescent, with nearly entire lance-oblong
3-nerved leaves, and small pale blue flowers on axillary 1--3-flowered
peduncles. (Name from [Greek: i)/sos], _equal_, and [Greek: a)/nthos],
_flower_, referring to the almost regular corolla.)
1. I. caeruleus, Michx. Corolla 2--3'' long, little exceeding the
calyx.--Dry or sterile ground, Maine to Ill., Minn., and southward.
July, August.
3. TEUCRIUM, Tourn. GERMANDER.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with the 4 upper lobes nearly equal, oblong,
turned forward, so that there seems to be no upper lip; the lower lobe
much larger. Stamens 4, exserted from the deep cleft between the 2
upper lobes of the corolla; anther-cells confluent. (Named for _Teucer_,
king of Troy.)
1. T. Canadense, L. (AMERICAN GERMANDER. WOOD SAGE.) Perennial, _downy_,
erect (1--3 deg. high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, rounded at base,
short-petioled, hoary underneath, the floral scarcely longer than the
oblique unequally-toothed calyx; whorls about 6-flowered, crowded in a
long and simple wand-like spike; _calyx canescent, the 3 upper lobes
very obtuse_ or the middle one acutish; corolla purple, rose, or
sometimes cream-color (6'' long).--Low grounds; not rare. July--Sept.