dry, 3-celled, but only 1-seeded. Creeping, with long-pedunculate twin
flowers.
[*][*] Erect or climbing shrubs, with scaly winter-buds.
6. Symphoricarpos. Stamens 4 or 5, as many as the lobes of the
bell-shaped regular corolla. Berry 4-celled, but only 2-seeded; two of
the cells sterile.
7. Lonicera. Stamens 5, as many as the lobes of the tubular and more or
less irregular corolla. Berry several-seeded; all the 2 or 3 cells
fertile.
8. Diervilla. Stamens 5. Corolla funnel-form, nearly regular. Pod
2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded, slender.
1. ADOXA, L. MOSCHATEL.
Calyx-tube reaching not quite to the summit of the 3--5-celled ovary;
limb of 3 or more teeth. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4--6-cleft, bearing at
each sinus a pair of separate or partly united stamens with 1-celled
anthers. Style 3--5-parted. Dry drupe greenish, with 3--5 cartilaginous
nutlets.--A dwarf perennial herb with scaly rootstock and ternately
divided leaves, the cauline a single pair. An anomalous genus. (From
[Greek: a)/doxos], obscure or insignificant.)
1. A. Moschatellina, L. Smooth, musk-scented; radical leaves
1--3-ternate, the cauline 3-cleft or 3-parted; leaflets obovate,
3-cleft; flowers several in a close cluster on a slender peduncle,
greenish or yellowish.--N. Iowa, Wisc., and Minn., and northward. (Eu.,
Asia.)
2. SAMBUCUS, Tourn. ELDER.
Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete. Corolla open urn-shaped, with a broadly
spreading 5-cleft limb. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Fruit a berry-like juicy
drupe, containing 3 small seed-like nutlets.--Shrubby plants, with a
rank smell when bruised, pinnate leaves, serrate-pointed leaflets, and
numerous small and white flowers in compound cymes. (The Latin name,
perhaps from [Greek: sambu/ke], an ancient musical instrument.)
1. S. Canadensis, L. (COMMON ELDER.) Stems scarcely woody (5--10 deg. high);
_leaflets 5--11, oblong_, mostly smooth, the lower often 3-parted;
_cymes flat; fruit black-purple_.--Rich soil, in open places, throughout
our range, and south and west. June, July.--Pith white.
2. S. racemosa, L. (RED-BERRIED ELDER.) Stems woody (2--12 deg. high), the
bark warty; _leaflets 5--7, ovate-lanceolate, downy underneath; cymes
panicled, convex or pyramidal; fruit bright red_ (rarely white). (S.
pubens, _Michx._)--Rocky woods, N. Scotia to Ga., and westward across
the continent. May; the fruit ripening in June.--Pith brown. Both
species occur with the leaflets divided into 3--5 linear-lanceolate
2--3-cleft or laciniate segments.
3. VIBURNUM, L. ARROW-WOOD. LAURESTINUS.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas
1--3. Fruit a 1-celled, 1-seeded drupe, with soft pulp and a
thin-crustaceous (flattened or tumid) stone.--Shrubs, with simple
leaves, and white flowers in flat compound cymes. Petioles sometimes
bearing little appendages which are evidently stipules. Leaf-buds naked,
or with a pair of scales. (The classical Latin name, of unknown
meaning.)
Sec. 1. _Cyme radiant, the marginal flowers neutral, with greatly enlarged
flat corollas as in_ Hydrangea; _drupes coral-red turning darker, not
acid; stone sulcate; leaves pinnately veined; winter-buds naked._
1. V. lantanoides, Michx. (HOBBLE-BUSH. AMERICAN WAYFARING-TREE.) Leaves
(4--8' across) round-ovate, abruptly pointed, heart-shaped at the base,
closely serrate, the veins and veinlets beneath with the stalks and
branchlets very rusty-scurfy; cymes sessile, very broad and flat.--Cold
moist woods, N. Brunswick to Ont. and Penn., and in the mountains to
N. C. May. A straggling shrub; the reclining branches often taking
root.
Sec. 2. _Cyme peduncled, radiant in n. 2; drupe light red, acid, globose;
stone very flat, orbicular, not sulcate; leaves palmately veined;
winter-buds scaly._
2. V. Opulus, L. (CRANBERRY-TREE.) Nearly smooth, upright (4--10 deg. high);
leaves 3--5-ribbed, strongly 3-lobed, broadly wedge-shaped or truncate
at base, the spreading lobes pointed, mostly toothed on the sides,
entire in the sinuses; petioles bearing 2 glands at the apex.--Low
ground, along streams, from N. Brunswick far westward, and south to
Penn. June, July.--The acid fruit is a substitute for cranberries,
whence the names _High Cranberry-bush_, etc. The well-known SNOW-BALL
TREE, or GUELDER-ROSE, is a cultivated state, with the whole cyme turned
into showy sterile flowers. (Eu.)
3. V. pauciflorum, Pylaie. A low straggling shrub; leaves glabrous or
loosely pubescent beneath, 5-ribbed at base, unequally serrate nearly
all round, with 3 short lobes at the summit; cyme few-flowered; stamens
shorter than the corolla.--Cold woods, Newf. and Lab. to the mountains
of N. Eng., westward to N. Mich. and the Rocky Mts.
Sec. 3. _Cyme never radiant; drupes blue, or dark-purple or black at
maturity._
[*] _Leaves 3-ribbed from the rounded or subcordate base, somewhat
3-lobed; stipules bristle-shaped._
4. V. acerifolium, L. (DOCKMACKIE. ARROW-WOOD.) Shrub 3--6 deg. high; leaves
soft-downy beneath, the pointed lobes diverging, unequally toothed;
cymes small, slender-peduncled; stamens exserted; fruit crimson turning
purple; stone lenticular, hardly sulcate.--Cool rocky woods, from
N. Brunswick to N. C., and west to S. Minn.
[*][*] _Leaves (with base inclined to heart-shaped) coarsely toothed,
prominently pinnately veined; stipules narrowly subulate; no rusty
scurf; fruit ovoid, blue or purple; the stone grooved; cymes peduncled._
[+] _Stone flat; leaves all short-petioled or subsessile._
5. V. pubescens, Pursh. (DOWNY A.) A low, straggling shrub; leaves ovate
or oblong-ovate, acute or taper-pointed, the veins and teeth fewer and
less conspicuous than in the next, the lower surface and very short
petioles soft-downy, at least when young; fruit dark-purple; the stone
lightly 2-sulcate on the faces.--Rocks, etc., Lower Canada to the
mountains of Ga., west to Iowa and Minn. June.
[+][+] _Stone very deeply sulcate ventrally; leaves rather
slender-petioled._
6. V. dentatum, L. (ARROW-WOOD.) Smooth, 5--15 deg. high, with ash-colored
bark; leaves broadly ovate, very numerously sharp-toothed and strongly
veined; fruit 3'' long; cross-section of stone between kidney- and
horseshoe-shaped.--Wet places, N. Brunswick to N. Ga., and west to Minn.
June.--The pale leaves often with hairy tufts in the axils of the
straight veins.
7. V. molle, Michx. Leaves broadly oval, obovate or ovate, scarcely
pointed, coarsely crenate or repand-toothed, the lower surface,
branchlets and cymes soft-downy, the latter with stellate pubescence;
fruit oily, larger and more pointed, the stone as in n. 6, but less
deeply excavated.--Coast of N. Eng. (Martha's Vineyard), to Tex.
[*][*][*] _Leaves finely serrate or entire, bright green; veins not
prominent; stipules none; whole plant glabrous or with some minute rusty
scurf; fruit black or with a blue bloom, sweet, stone very flat and
even, broadly oval or orbicular._
[+] _Cymes peduncled, about 5-rayed; drupes globose-ovoid, 3'' long,
shrubs 5--12 deg. high, in swamps._
8. V. cassinoides, L. (WITHE-ROD.) Shoots scurfy-punctate; leaves
thickish and _opaque or dull_, ovate to oblong, mostly with obtuse
acumination, _obscurely veiny_ (1--3' long), _with margins irregularly
crenulate-denticulate_ or sometimes entire; _peduncle shorter than the
cyme_. (V. nudum, var. cassinoides, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Newf. to N. J. and
Minn. Flowers earlier than the next.
9. V. nudum, L. Obscurely scurfy-punctate; _leaves more veiny_,
thickish, oval, oblong or lanceolate, entire or obsoletely denticulate,
_lucid above_ (2--4' long); _peduncle usually equalling the
cyme_.--N. J. to Fla.
[+][+] _Compound cymes sessile, 3--5-rayed; drupes oval, 5--7'' long._
10. V. Lentago, L. (SWEET VIBURNUM. SHEEP-BERRY.) _Leaves ovate,
strongly pointed_, closely and very _sharply serrate_; petioles long and
margined; cyme large; fruit oval, 1/2' long or more, ripe in autumn,
edible; tree 15--30 deg. high.--Woods and banks of streams, from the
Atlantic to Mo., Minn., and northward. Fl. in spring.
11. V. prunifolium, L. (BLACK HAW.) _Leaves oval, obtuse_ or slightly
pointed, _finely and sharply serrate_, smaller than in the preceding
(1--2' long); fruit similar or rather smaller.--Dry or moist ground,
N. Y. to Mich., Kan., and southward. Flowering early.--A tall shrub or
small tree.
12. V. obovatum, Walt. Shrub 2--8 deg. high; leaves obovate or spatulate,
obtuse, entire or denticulate, thickish, small (1--11/2' long), shining;
cymes small; fruit 5'' long, black.--River-banks and swamps, Va. to Fla.
May.
4. TRIOSTEUM, L. FEVER-WORT. HORSE-GENTIAN.
Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, leaf-like, persistent. Corolla tubular,
gibbous at base, somewhat equally 5-lobed, scarcely longer than the
calyx. Stamens 5. Ovary mostly 3-celled, in fruit forming a rather dry
drupe, containing as many ribbed 1-seeded bony nutlets.--Coarse, hairy,
perennial herbs, leafy to the top; the ample entire pointed leaves
tapering to the base, but connate round the simple stem. Flowers
sessile, solitary or clustered in the axils. (Name an abbreviation of
_Triosteospermum_, alluding to the three bony nutlets.)
1. T. perfoliatum, L. _Softly hairy_ (2--4 deg. high); _leaves oval,
abruptly narrowed below_, downy beneath; flowers brownish-purple, mostly
clustered; fruit orange-color, 1/2' long.--Rich woodlands, Canada and N.
Eng. to Minn., Iowa, and Ala. June. Also called TINKER'S-WEED, WILD
COFFEE, etc.
2. T. angustifolium, L. Smaller, _bristly-hairy; leaves lanceolate,
tapering to the base_; flowers greenish-cream-color, mostly single in
the axils.--Shady grounds, Va. to Ill., Mo., and Ala. May.
5. LINNAEA, Gronov. TWIN-FLOWER.
Calyx-teeth 5, awl-shaped, deciduous. Corolla narrow bell-shaped, almost
equally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, two of them shorter, inserted toward the
base of the corolla. Ovary and the small dry pod 3-celled, but only
1-seeded, two of the cells having only abortive ovules.--A slender
creeping and trailing little evergreen, somewhat hairy, with
rounded-oval sparingly crenate leaves contracted at the base into short
petioles, and thread-like upright peduncles forking into 2 pedicels at
the top, each bearing a delicate and fragrant nodding flower. Corolla
purple and whitish, hairy inside. (Dedicated to the immortal _Linnaeus_,
who first pointed out its characters, and with whom this pretty little
plant was a special favorite.)
1. L. borealis, Gronov.--Moist mossy woods and cold bogs, N. Eng. to
N. J. and the mountains of Md., west to Minn.; also far north and west.
June. (Eu.)
6. SYMPHORICARPOS, Dill. SNOWBERRY.
Calyx-teeth short, persistent. Corolla bell-shaped, regularly
4--5-lobed, with as many short stamens inserted into its throat. Ovary
4-celled, only 2 of the cells with a fertile ovule; the berry therefore
4-celled but only 2-seeded. Seeds bony.--Low and branching upright
shrubs, with oval short-petioled leaves, which are downy underneath and
entire, or wavy toothed or lobed on the young shoots. Flowers white
tinged with rose-color, in close short spikes or clusters. (Name
composed of [Greek: symphore/o], _to bear together_, and [Greek:
karpo/s], _fruit_; from the clustered berries.)
[*] _Style bearded; fruit red; flowers all in short dense axillary
clusters._
1. S. vulgaris, Michx. (INDIAN CURRANT. CORAL-BERRY.) Flowers in the
axils of nearly all the leaves; corolla sparingly bearded; berries
small.--Rocky banks, western N. Y. and Penn. to Dak., Neb., and Tex.
July.
[*][*] _Style glabrous; fruit white; flowers in clusters or sometimes
solitary._
2. S. occidentalis, Hook. (WOLFBERRY.) _Flowers in dense terminal and
axillary spikes_; corolla much bearded within; stamens and style
protruded.--Rocky ground, N. Mich. and Ill., west to the Rocky
Mts.--Flowers larger and more funnel-form, and stamens longer, than in
the next.
3. S. racemosus, Michx. (SNOWBERRY.) _Flowers in a loose and somewhat
leafy interrupted spike_ at the end of the branches; corolla bearded
inside; berries large.--Rocky banks, N. New Eng. and Penn., to Minn. and
westward; common in cultivation. June--Sept. Berries ripe in
autumn.--Var. PAUCIFLORUS, Robbins. Low, diffusely branched and
spreading; leaves smaller (about 1' long), the spike reduced to one or
two flowers in the uppermost axils.--Mountains of Vt. and Penn. to
Minn., Dak., and westward.
7. LONICERA, L. HONEYSUCKLE. WOODBINE.
Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, often gibbous at
the base, irregularly or almost regularly 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary
2--3-celled. Berry several-seeded.--Leaves entire. Flowers often showy
and fragrant. (Named in honor of _Adam Lonitzer_, latinized _Lonicerus_,
a German herbalist of the 16th century.)
Sec. 1. XYLOSTEON. _Upright bushy shrubs; leaves all distinct; peduncles
axillary, single, 2-flowered at the summit; the two berries sometimes
united into one; calyx-teeth not persistent._
[*] _Bracts (2 or sometimes 4) at the base of the ovaries minute._
1. L. ciliata, Muhl. (FLY-HONEYSUCKLE.) Branches straggling (3--5 deg.
high); _leaves oblong-ovate, often heart-shaped, petioled, thin_, downy
beneath; _filiform peduncles shorter than the leaves_; corolla
funnel-form, almost spurred at the base (greenish-yellow, 3/4' long), the
lobes nearly equal; _berries separate (red)_.--Rocky woods, N. Brunswick
to Penn. and Minn. May.
2. L. caerulea, L. (MOUNTAIN F.) Low (1--2 deg. high); branches upright;
_leaves oval_, downy when young; _peduncles very short; bracts
awl-shaped, longer than the ovaries, which are united into one (blue)
berry_; flowers yellowish.--Mountain woods and bogs, Lab. to R. I.,
Minn., and northward. May. (Eu.)
3. L. oblongifolia, Muhl. (SWAMP F.) Shrub 2--5 deg. high, branches upright;
_leaves_ (2--3' long) _oblong_, downy when young, smooth when old;
_peduncles long and slender; bracts minute or deciduous; corolla deeply
2-lipped_ (1/2' long, yellowish-white); _berries (purple) united_ or
nearly distinct.--Bogs, N. New Eng. and N. Y., to Minn. June.
[*][*] _The two flowers involucrate by 4 conspicuous and broad
foliaceous bracts._
4. L. involucrata, Banks. Pubescent, or becoming glabrous; branches
4-angular; leaves (2--5' long) ovate-oblong, mostly pointed, petioled,
and with a strong midrib, exceeding the peduncle; corolla yellowish,
viscid-pubescent, cylindraceous (6--8'' long); ovaries and globose
dark-purple berries distinct.--Deep woods; shores of L. Superior, and
north and westward.
Sec. 2. CAPRIFOLIUM. _Twining shrubs, with the flowers in sessile whorled
clusters from the axils of the (often connate) upper leaves, forming
interrupted terminal spikes; calyx-teeth persistent on the (red or
orange) berry._
[*] _Corolla trumpet-shaped, almost regular; stamens and style little
exserted._
5. L. sempervirens, Ait. (TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE.) Flowers in somewhat
distant whorls, scentless, nearly 2' long, deep red outside, yellowish
within or rarely throughout; leaves oblong, smooth, the lower petioled,
the uppermost pairs connate.--Copses, Conn. to Ind., and southward;
common in cultivation. May--Oct.--Leaves deciduous at the north.
[*][*] _Corolla ringent; the lower lip narrow, the upper broad and
4-lobed; stamens and style conspicuously exserted._
[+] _Corolla-tube an inch long, glabrous inside; stamens and style
glabrous._
6. L. grata, Ait. (AMERICAN WOODBINE.) Leaves smooth, glaucous beneath,
obovate, the 2 or 3 upper pairs united; flowers whorled in the uppermost
axils; corolla whitish with a purple tube, fading yellowish, not gibbous
at base, fragrant.--Rocky woodlands, N. J. and Penn. to Mich. and Mo.,
and southward; also cultivated. May.
[+][+] _Corolla hairy within, the tube 6'' long or less._
7. L. hirsuta, Eaton. (HAIRY HONEYSUCKLE.) Twining and rather
high-climbing; leaves deep green above, downy-hairy beneath, as well as
the branches, veiny, dull, broadly oval, the uppermost united, the lower
short-petioled; flowers in approximate whorls; tube of the
(orange-yellow) clammy-pubescent corolla gibbous at base, slender.--Damp
copses and rocks, Maine to Penn., Mich., and Minn. July.--A coarse
large-leaved species.
8. L. Sullivantii, Gray. At length _much whitened with glaucous bloom_,
3--6 deg. high, glabrous; leaves oval and obovate-oblong (2--4' long),
sessile and mostly connate on the flowering stems, the uppermost into an
orbicular disk; corolla pale yellow; _filaments nearly glabrous_. (L.
flava of former edition, mainly.)--Ohio to Ill., Minn., and L. Winnipeg;
also in Tenn. and N. C.
9. L. glauca, Hill. Glabrous, or lower leaf surface sometimes
puberulent, 3--5 deg. high; leaves oblong (2--3' long), glaucous but less
whitened than in the last, the 1--4 _upper pairs connate_; corolla
greenish-yellow or purplish; _tube only 3--4'' long, within and also
style and base of filaments hirsute_. (L. parviflora, _Lam._, and part
of var. Douglasii, _Gray._)--Rocky grounds, N. Eng. and Penn. to Minn.,
and northward.
8. DIERVILLA, Tourn. BUSH-HONEYSUCKLE.
Calyx-tube tapering at the summit; the lobes slender, awl-shaped,
persistent. Corolla funnel-form, 5-lobed, almost regular. Stamens 5.
Pod ovoid-oblong, pointed, 2-celled, 2-valved, septicidal,
many-seeded.--Low upright shrubs, with ovate or oblong pointed serrate
leaves, and cymosely 3--several-flowered peduncles, from the upper axils
or terminal. (Named in compliment to _Dr. Dierville_, who brought it
from Canada to Tournefort.)
1. D. trifida, Moench. Leaves oblong-ovate, taper-pointed, petioled;
peduncles mostly 3-flowered; pod long-beaked.--Rocks, Newf. to the
mountains of N. C., west to Minn. June--Aug.--Flowers honey-color, not
showy, as are the Japanese species cultivated under the name of WEIGELA.
ORDER 52. RUBIACEAE. (MADDER FAMILY.)
_Shrubs or herbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by interposed
stipules, or in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx coherent
with the 2--4-celled ovary, the stamens as many as the lobes of the
regular corolla (4--5), and inserted on its tube._--Flowers perfect, but
often dimorphous (as in Mitchella and Houstonia). Fruit various. Seeds
anatropous or amphitropous. Embryo commonly pretty large, in copious
hard albumen.--A very large family, the greater part, and all its most
important plants (such as the Coffee and Peruvian-Bark trees), tropical.
I. CINCHONEAE. Ovules numerous in each cell; leaves opposite.
1. Houstonia. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, 4-lobed. Seeds rather
few, thimble-shaped or saucer-shaped. Low herbs.
2. Oldenlandia. Corolla wheel-shaped in our species, 4-lobed. Seeds very
numerous and minute, angular. Low herbs.
II. COFFEINEAE. Ovules solitary in the cells; leaves mostly opposite.
[+] Flowers in a close and globose long-peduncled head. Fruit dry.
Shrubs.
3. Cephalanthus. Corolla tubular; lobes 4. Fruit inversely pyramidal,
2--4-seeded.
[+][+] Flowers twin; their ovaries united into one. Fruit a 2-eyed
berry.
4. Mitchella. Corolla funnel-form; its lobes 4. A creeping herb.
[+][+][+] Flowers axillary, separate. Fruit dry when ripe. Herbs.
5. Spermacoce. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form; lobes 4. Fruit
separating when ripe into 2 carpels, one or both of them opening.
6. Diodia. Fruit separating into 2 or 3 closed and indehiscent carpels;
otherwise as n. 5.
III. STELLATAE. Ovules solitary; leaves in whorls, without stipules.
7. Galium. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4- (or rarely 3-) parted. Calyx-teeth
obsolete. Fruit twin, separating into 2 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels.
8. Sherardia. Corolla funnel-form. Calyx-lobes lanceolate. Flowers
subsessile, involucrate.
1. HOUSTONIA, L.
Calyx 4-lobed, persistent; the lobes in fruit distant. Corolla
salver-form or funnel-form, usually much longer than the calyx-lobes,
4-lobed, the lobes valvate in the bud. Stamens 4; anthers linear or
oblong. Style 1; stigmas 2. Ovary 2-celled. Pod top-shaped, globular,
or didymous, thin, its summit or upper half free from and projecting
beyond the tube of the calyx, loculicidal across the top. Seeds
rather few (4--20 in each cell), peltate and saucer-shaped or
globular-thimble-shaped, pitted.--Small herbs, with short entire
stipules connecting the petioles or narrowed bases of the leaves, and
cymose or solitary and peduncled flowers. These are dimorphous, in some
individuals with exserted anthers and short included style; in others
the anthers included and the style long, the stigmas therefore
protruding. (Named for _Dr. Wm. Houston_, an English botanist who
collected in Central America.)
[*] _Small and delicate, vernal-flowering; peduncles 1-flowered; corolla
salver-form; upper half of the broad and somewhat 2-lobed pod free;
seeds globular, with a very deep round cavity occupying the inner face._
[+] _Perennial by delicate filiform creeping rootstocks or creeping
stems; peduncles filiform, 1--2' long._
1. H. caerulea, L. (BLUETS. INNOCENCE.) Glabrous; _stems erect_, slender,
sparingly branched from the base (3--5' high); _leaves oblong-spatulate_
(3--4'' long); peduncle filiform, erect; corolla _light blue_, pale
lilac or nearly white with a yellowish eye, with tube much longer than
its lobes or than those of the calyx.--Moist and grassy places, N. Eng.
to Ga., west to Mich. and Ala.; producing from early spring to midsummer
its delicate little flowers.
2. H. serpyllifolia, Michx. Like the last, but filiform
_stems prostrate_, extensively creeping and rooting; _leaves
orbicular to ovate_ (2--4'' long); corolla rather larger, and _deep
violet-blue_.--Along streamlets and on mountain-tops, Va. to Tenn. and
S. C.
[+][+] _Winter-annuals, branching from the simple root; peduncles much
shorter._
3. H. patens, Ell. An inch to at length a span high, with ascending
branches and erect peduncles; leaves spatulate to ovate; corolla much
smaller than that of n. 1, violet-blue or purplish without yellowish
eye, _the tube longer than its lobes, twice the length of the
calyx-lobes_.--Dry or sandy soil, S. Va. to Tex. and Ill. (?)
4. H. minima, Beck. More diffuse, _commonly scabrous_; stems at length
much branched and spreading (1--4' high); lowest leaves ovate or
spatulate, the upper oblong or nearly linear; earlier peduncles
elongated and spreading in fruit, the later ones short; _tube of the
purplish corolla not longer than its lobes or the ample calyx-lobes_
(11/2'' long).--Dry hills, Mo. to Tex. March--May.
[*][*] _Erect, mostly perennial herbs (6--20' high), with stem-leaves
sessile, and flowers in small terminal cymes or clusters; corolla
funnel-form, purplish, often hairy inside; seeds meniscoidal, with a
ridge across the hollowed inner face._
5. H. purpurea, L. Pubescent or smooth (8--15' high); _leaves varying
from roundish-ovate to lanceolate_, 3--5-ribbed; calyx-lobes longer than
the half-free globular pod.--Woodlands, Md. to Ark., and southward.
May--July.--Varying wonderfully, as into--
Var. ciliolata, Gray. A span high; leaves only 1/2' long, thickish;
cauline oblong-spatulate; radical oval or oblong, rosulate,
hirsute-ciliate; calyx-lobes a little longer than the pod.--Rocky banks,
from the Great Lakes and Minn. to Ky.; passing into
Var. longifolia, Gray. A span or two high, mostly glabrous,
thinner-leaved; leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear (6--20'' long);
radical oval or oblong, less rosulate, not ciliate.--Rocky or gravelly
ground, Maine to Minn., south to Ga. and Mo.; also northward.