diffusely spreading, the very slender rays 1/2--1' long and the longer
pedicels often 3--6'' long; fruit tuberculate, 1/2'' long. (Apium
divaricatum, _Benth. & Hook._)--N. C. to Fla., west to Ark. and Tex.;
reported from Kan. April.
2. L. patens, Nutt. Of similar habit, but the umbels shorter and more
strict, the rays 3--6'' long or less and the pedicels short; fruit
densely sharp-tuberculate or nearly smooth. (Apiastrum patens, _Coult. &
Rose._)--Central Neb. to Tex. and N. Mex.
29. DISCOPLEURA, DC. MOCK BISHOP-WEED.
Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Fruit ovate, glabrous; carpel with dorsal
ribs filiform to broad and obtuse, the lateral very thick and corky,
those of the two carpels closely contiguous and forming a dilated obtuse
or acute corky band; oil-tubes solitary, stylopodium conical; seed
nearly terete.--Smooth branching annuals, with finely dissected leaves,
involucre of foliaceous bracts, involucels of prominent or minute
bractlets, and white flowers. (Name from [Greek: di/skos], _a disk_, and
[Greek: pleuro/n], _a rib_.)
1. D. capillacea, DC. Plant 1--2 deg. high (or even 5--6 deg.); leaves dissected
into filiform divisions; umbel 5--20-rayed, involucre of filiform bracts
usually cleft or parted, and involucels more or less prominent, fruit
1--11/2'' long, ovate, acute.--Wet ground, Mass. to Fla., west to Ill.,
Mo., and Tex. June--Oct.
2. D. Nuttallii, DC. Similar in habit; involucral bracts short and
entire; fruit very small (1/2'' long), as broad as high, blunt.--Ill. (?)
to Ark., La., and Tex.
30. CONIUM, L. POISON HEMLOCK.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovate, somewhat flattened at the sides,
glabrous, with prominent wavy ribs; oil-tubes none, but a layer of
secreting cells next the seed, whose face is deeply and narrowly
concave.--Poisonous biennial, with spotted stems, large decompound
leaves with lanceolate pinnatifid leaflets, involucre and involucels of
narrow bracts, and white flowers. ([Greek: Ko/neion], the Greek name of
the Hemlock, by which criminals and philosophers were put to death at
Athens.)
C. MACULATUM, L. A large branching European herb, in waste places,
N. Eng. to Penn., and west to Iowa and Minn.
31. CHAEROPHYLLUM, L.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit narrowly oblong to linear, notched at base,
with short beak or none, and equal ribs; oil-tubes solitary in the
intervals, seed-face more or less deeply grooved.--Moist ground annuals,
with ternately decompound leaves, pinnatifid leaflets with oblong obtuse
lobes, mostly no involucre, involucels of many bractlets, and white
flowers. (Name from [Greek: chai/ro], _to gladden_, and [Greek:
phy/llon], _a leaf_, alluding to the agreeable odor of the foliage.)
1. C. procumbens, Crantz. More or less hairy; stems slender, spreading
(6--18' high); umbels few-rayed; fruit narrowly oblong (21/2--31/2'' long),
glabrous, contracted but not tapering at the summit, the intervals
broader than the ribs.--N. Y. to N. C., west to Mich., Iowa, Ark., and
Miss.
Var. Shortii, Torr. & Gray, has more broadly oblong to ovate (often
somewhat pubescent) fruit, not at all contracted at the summit.--Ky. to
Ark. and La.
32. OSMORRHIZA, Raf. SWEET CICELY.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit linear to linear-oblong, with prominent
caudate attenuation at base, very bristly, with equal ribs; oil-tubes
obsolete; seed-face concave.--Glabrous to hirsute perennials (1--3 deg.
high) from thick aromatic roots, with ternately compound leaves, ovate
variously toothed leaflets, few-leaved involucres and involucels, and
white flowers in few-rayed and few-fruited umbels. (Name from [Greek:
o)sme/], _a scent_, and [Greek: r(i/za], _a root_.)
1. O. brevistylis, DC. Rather stout, _villous-pubescent_; leaves
2--3-ternate; leaflets 2--3' long, acuminate; fruit (not including the
caudate attenuation) 6'' long; _stylopodium and style 1/2'' long_.--From
N. Scotia westward through the Northern States, and in the mountains to
N. C. May, June.
2. O. longistylis, DC. _Glabrous or slightly pubescent_; like the last,
but with the _style 1'' long or more_, and the seed-face more deeply and
broadly concave.--N. Scotia to Va., and west to Tenn., E. Kan., and Dak.
33. ERIGENIA, Nutt. HARBINGER-OF-SPRING.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals obovate or spatulate, flat, entire. Fruit
didymous, nearly orbicular and laterally flattened, the carpels incurved
at top and bottom, nearly kidney-form, with 5 very slender ribs, and
several (1--3) small oil-tubes in the intervals; inner face of the seed
hollowed into a broad deep cavity.--A small glabrous vernal plant,
producing from a deep round tuber a simple stem, bearing one or two
2--3-ternately divided leaves, and a somewhat imperfect and
leafy-bracted compound umbel. Flowers few, white. (Name from [Greek:
e)rige/neia], _born in the spring_.)
1. E. bulbosa, Nutt. Stem 3--9' high; leaf-segments linear-oblong; fruit
1'' long, 11/2'' broad.--W. New York to Md. and Tenn., and west to Wisc.,
S. E. Minn., and Kan.
34. HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn. WATER PENNYWORT.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit strongly flattened laterally, orbicular or
shield-shaped; the carpels 5-ribbed, two of the ribs enlarged and often
forming a thickened margin; oil-tubes none, but usually a conspicuous
oil-bearing layer beneath the epidermis.--Low, mostly smooth, marsh or
aquatic perennials, with slender creeping stems, and round shield-shaped
or kidney-form leaves, with scale-like stipules. Flowers small, white,
in simple umbels or clusters, which are either single or proliferous
(one above another), appearing all summer. (Name from [Greek: y(/dor],
_water_, and [Greek: koty/le], _a flat cup_, the peltate leaves of
several species being somewhat cup-shaped.)
[*] _Pericarp thin except at the broad corky dorsal and lateral ribs;
leaves round-peltate, crenate; peduncles as long as the petioles, from
creeping rootstocks._
[+] _Fruit notched at base and apex; intermediate ribs corky._
1. H. umbellata, L. _Umbels many-flowered, simple_ (sometimes
proliferous); _pedicels 2--6'' long; fruit about 11/2'' broad_, strongly
notched, the dorsal ribs prominent but obtuse.--Mass. to Minn., south to
the Gulf.
2. H. Canbyi, Coult. & Rose. _Umbels 3--9-flowered, generally
proliferous; pedicels very short_, but distinct; _fruit about 2 lines
broad_; carpels broader and more flattened than in the preceding,
sharper margined, the dorsal and lateral ribs much more prominent;
seed-section much narrower. (H. umbellata, var.? ambigua, _Gray_,
Manual).--N. J. to Md.
[+][+] _Fruit not notched; intermediate ribs not corky._
3. H. verticillata, Thunb. Umbels few-flowered, proliferous, forming an
interrupted spike; pedicels very short or none; fruit 11/2--2'' broad;
dorsal and lateral ribs very prominent. (H. interrupta, _Muhl._)--Mass.
to Fla.
[*][*] _Pericarp uniformly corky-thickened and ribs all filiform; leaves
not peltate; peduncles much shorter than the petioles._
[+] _Fruit small, without secondary ribs or reticulations; involucre
small or none._
4. H. Americana, L. Stems filiform, _branching and creeping; leaves
thin_, round-reniform, _crenate-lobed_ and the lobes crenate, shining;
few-flowered umbels _axillary and almost sessile_; fruit less than 1''
broad; intermediate ribs prominent; no oil-bearing layer; seed-section
broadly oval.--Common. (Addendum) Propagating by filiform tuberiferous
stolons.
5. H. ranunculoides, L. f. _Usually floating; leaves thicker_,
round-reniform, 3--7-cleft, the lobes crenate; _peduncles 1--3' long,
reflexed in fruit_; capitate umbel 5--10-flowered; fruit 1--11/2'' broad;
ribs rather obscure; seed-section oblong.--E. Penn. to Fla., thence
westward.
[+][+] _Fruit larger (2--21/2'' broad), with prominent secondary ribs and
reticulations; the 2--4-flowered umbel subtended by two conspicuous
bracts._
6. H. Asiatica, L. Petioles and peduncles (1--2' long) clustered on
creeping stems or runners; leaves ovate-cordate, repand-toothed,
thickish; seed-section narrowly oblong. (H. repanda, _Pers._)--Md. to
Fla. and Tex. (Widely distributed in the tropics and southern
hemisphere.)
35. ERYNGIUM, Tourn. ERYNGO.
Calyx-teeth prominent, rigid and persistent. Styles slender. Fruit ovate
or obovate, covered with little hyaline scales or tubercles, with no
ribs, and usually 5 slender oil-tubes on each carpel.--Chiefly
perennials, with coriaceous, toothed, cut, or prickly leaves, and blue
or white bracted flowers closely sessile in dense heads. (A name used by
Dioscorides, of uncertain origin.)
[*] _Stout, with parallel-veined elongated linear thick leaves._
1. E. yuccaefolium, Michx. (RATTLESNAKE-MASTER. BUTTON SNAKE-ROOT.)
Branching above, 1--6 deg. high; leaves rigid, tapering to a point (lower
sometimes 2--3 deg. long), the margins remotely bristly; heads ovate-globose
(9'' long), with ovate-lanceolate mostly entire cuspidate-tipped bracts
shorter than the head, and similar bractlets.--Dry or damp soil, N. J.
to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. July--Sept.
[*][*] _Tall and often stout; leaves thick, not parallel-veined._
2. E. Virginianum, Lam. _Slender_ (1--3 deg. high); _radical and lower
stem-leaves linear- to oblong-lanceolate, on long_ (sometimes 1 deg. long)
_fistulous petioles_, entire or with small hooked teeth; upper leaves
sessile, spiny-toothed or laciniate; heads ovate-oblong (6'' long), with
spiny-toothed or entire reflexed bracts, and _bractlets with 3 spiny
cusps_ (the middle one largest).--Margins of ponds and streams, N. J. to
Fla. and Tex., near the coast. Aug., Sept.
3. E. Leavenworthii, Torr. & Gray. Stout (1--3 deg. high); lowest
stem-leaves broadly oblanceolate, spinosely toothed, the rest sessile
and _deeply palmately-parted into narrow incisely-pinnatifid spreading
pungent segments_; heads ovate-oblong (1--11/2' long), with pinnatifid
spinose bracts and 3--7-cuspidate bractlets, the terminal ones very
prominent and resembling the bracts.--Dry soil, E. Kan., Ark., and Tex.
[*][*][*] _Prostrate and slender, rooting at the joints, diffusely
branched, with small thin unarmed leaves and very small heads._
4. E. prostratum, Nutt. Lower leaves oblong, entire, few-toothed, or
lobed at base; upper leaves smaller, clustered at the rooting joints,
ovate, few-toothed or entire (occasionally some additional trifid ones);
reflexed bracts longer than the oblong heads (2--4'' long).--Wet places,
S. Mo. to Fla. and Tex.
36. SANICULA, Tourn. SANICLE. BLACK SNAKEROOT.
Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular; the carpels not
separating spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked prickles,
each with 5 oil-tubes.--Perennial rather tall glabrous herbs, with few
palmately-lobed or parted leaves, those from the root long-petioled.
Umbels irregular or compound, the flowers (greenish or yellowish)
capitate in the umbellets, perfect, and with staminate ones intermixed.
Involucre and involucels few-leaved. (Name said to be from _sano_, to
heal; or perhaps from _San Nicolas_.)
1. S. Marylandica, L. Stem 1--3 deg. high; leaves 3--7-parted, the divisions
mostly sharply cut and serrate; sterile flowers numerous and
long-pedicelled; fruit 11/2--2'' long, the styles longer than the
prickles.--Throughout our range, south to Ga. and Tenn., west to E. Kan.
and Minn. May--Aug.
Var. Canadensis, Torr., has comparatively few and short-pedicelled
sterile flowers, and styles shorter than the prickles. (S. Canadensis,
_L._)--With the last, but westward only to Minn. and E. Kan.
ORDER 49. ARALIACEAE. (GINSENG FAMILY.)
_Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with much the same characters as_
Umbelliferae, _but with usually more than 2 styles, and the fruit a
few--several-celled drupe._--Albumen mostly fleshy. Petals not inflexed.
1. ARALIA, Tourn. GINSENG. WILD SARSAPARILLA.
Flowers more or less polygamous. Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary, the
teeth very short or almost obsolete. Petals 5, epigynous, oblong or
obovate, lightly imbricated in the bud, deciduous. Stamens 5, epigynous,
alternate with the petals. Styles 2--5, mostly distinct and slender, or
in the sterile flowers short and united. Ovary 2--5-celled, with a
single anatropous ovule suspended from the top of each cell, ripening
into a berry-like drupe, with as many seeds as cells. Embryo
minute.--Leaves compound or decompound. Flowers white or greenish, in
umbels. Roots (perennial), bark, fruit, etc., warm and aromatic.
(Derivation obscure.)
Sec. 1. ARALIA. _Flowers monoeciously polygamous or perfect, the umbels
usually in corymbs or panicles; styles and cells of the (black or dark
purple) fruit 5; stems herbaceous or woody; ultimate divisions of the
leaves pinnate._
[*] _Umbels numerous in a large compound panicle; leaves very large,
decompound._
1. A. spinosa, L. (ANGELICA-TREE. HERCULES' CLUB.) _Shrub, or a low
tree; the stout stem and stalks prickly_; leaflets ovate, pointed,
serrate, pale beneath.--River-banks, Penn. to Ind., and south to the
Gulf. July, Aug.
2. A. racemosa, L. (SPIKENARD.) _Herbaceous; stem widely branched;
leaflets heart-ovate_, pointed, doubly serrate, slightly downy; umbels
racemose; _styles united_.--Rich woodlands, N. Brunswick to Minn., south
to the mountains of Ga. July. Well known for its spicy-aromatic large
roots.
[*][*] _Umbels 2--7, corymbed; stem short, somewhat woody._
3. A. hispida, Vent. (BRISTLY SARSAPARILLA. WILD ELDER.) _Stem_ (1--2 deg.
high) _bristly, leafy_, terminating in a peduncle bearing several
umbels; leaves twice pinnate; leaflets oblong-ovate, acute,
cut-serrate.--Rocky and sandy places, Newf. to Dak., south to the
mountains of N. C. June.
4. A. nudicaulis, L. (WILD SARSAPARILLA.) _Stem scarcely rising out of
the ground, smooth, bearing a single long-stalked leaf_ (1 deg. high) _and a
shorter naked scape_, with 2--7 umbels; leaflets oblong-ovate or oval,
pointed, serrate, 5 on each of the 3 divisions.--Moist woodlands; range
of n. 3. May, June. The long horizontal aromatic roots a substitute for
officinal Sarsaparilla.
Sec. 2. GINSENG. _Flowers dioeciously polygamous; styles and cells of the
red or reddish fruit 2 or 3; stem herbaceous, low, simple, bearing a
whorl of 3 palmately 3--7-foliolate leaves, and a simple umbel on a
slender peduncle._
5. A. quinquefolia, Decsne. & Planch. (GINSENG.) _Root large and
spindle-shaped, often forked_ (4--9' long, aromatic); stem 1 deg. high;
_leaflets long-stalked_, mostly 5, large and thin, obovate-oblong,
pointed; styles mostly 2; _fruit bright red_.--Rich and cool woods, Vt.
and W. Conn. to Minn., south to the mountains of Ga. July.
6. A. trifolia, Decsne. & Planch. (DWARF GINSENG. GROUND-NUT.) _Root or
tuber globular_, deep in the ground (pungent to the taste, not
aromatic); stems 4--8' high; _leaflets 3--5, sessile_ at the summit of
the leafstalk, narrowly oblong, obtuse; styles usually 3; _fruit
yellowish_.--Rich woods, N. Scotia to Minn., south to Ga. April, May.
ORDER 50. CORNACEAE. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.)
_Shrubs or trees (rarely herbaceous), with opposite or alternate simple
leaves, the calyx-tube coherent with the 1--2-celled ovary, its limb
minute, the petals (valvate in the bud) and as many stamens borne on the
margin of an epigynous disk in the perfect flowers; style one; a single
anatropous ovule hanging from the top of the cell; the fruit a
1--2-seeded drupe; embryo nearly as long as the albumen, with large
foliaceous cotyledons._--Including two genera, of which Nyssa is partly
apetalous. Bark bitter and tonic.
1. Cornus. Flowers perfect, 4-merous. Leaves mostly opposite.
2. Nyssa. Flowers dioeciously polygamous, 5-merous. Leaves alternate.
1. CORNUS, Tourn. CORNEL. DOGWOOD.
Flowers perfect (or in some foreign species dioecious). Calyx minutely
4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stamens 4; filaments slender.
Style slender; stigma terminal, flat or capitate. Drupe small, with a
2-celled and 2-seeded stone.--Leaves opposite (except in one species),
entire. Flowers small, in open naked cymes, or in close heads surrounded
by a corolla-like involucre. (Name from _cornu_, a horn; alluding to the
hardness of the wood.)
Sec. 1. _Flowers greenish, in a head or close cluster, surrounded by a
large and showy, 4-leaved, corolla-like, white or rarely pinkish
involucre; fruit bright red._
1. C. Canadensis, L. (DWARF CORNEL. BUNCH-BERRY.) _Stems low and simple_
(5--7' high) from a slender creeping and subterranean rather woody
trunk; leaves scarcely petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper crowded
into an apparent whorl in sixes or fours, ovate or oval, pointed;
_leaves of the involucre ovate_; fruit globular.--Damp cold woods, N. J.
to Ind. and Minn., and the far north and west. June.
2. C. florida, L. (FLOWERING DOGWOOD.) _Tree_ 12--40 deg. high; leaves
ovate, pointed, acutish at the base; _leaves of the involucre obcordate_
(11/2' long); _fruit oval_.--Dry woods, from S. New Eng. to Ont. and S.
Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. May, June. Very showy in flower, scarcely
less so in fruit.
Sec. 2. _Flowers white, in open flat spreading cymes; involucre none; fruit
spherical; leaves all opposite (except in n. 9)._
[*] _Pubescence woolly and more or less spreading._
3. C. circinata, L'Her. (ROUND-LEAVED CORNEL or DOGWOOD.) Shrub 6--10 deg.
high; _branches greenish_, warty-dotted; _leaves round-oval, abruptly
pointed, woolly beneath_ (2--5' broad); cymes flat; _fruit light
blue_.--Copses, in rich or sandy soil, or on rocks, N. Scotia to Dak.,
south to Va. and Mo. June.
4. C. sericea, L. (SILKY CORNEL. KINNIKINNIK.) Shrub 3--10 deg. high;
_branches purplish; the branchlets, stalks, and lower surface of the
narrowly ovate or elliptical pointed leaves silky-downy_ (often rusty),
pale and dull; cymes flat, close; calyx-teeth lanceolate; _fruit pale
blue_.--Wet places, Canada to Dak., south to Fla. and La. June.
5. C. asperifolia, Michx. _Branches brownish; the branchlets, etc.,
rough-pubescent; leaves oblong or ovate_, on short petioles, pointed,
_rough_ with a harsh pubescence _above, and downy beneath_; calyx-teeth
minute; fruit white. (C. Drummondii, _Mey._)--Dry or sandy soil, N.
shore of L. Erie to Minn. and the Gulf. May, June. A rather tall shrub.
[*][*] _Pubescence closely appressed, straight and silky, or none._
6. C. stolonifera, Michx. (RED-OSIER DOGWOOD.) _Branches, especially the
osier-like shoots_ of the season, _bright red-purple, smooth; leaves
ovate_, rounded at base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute
close pubescence on both sides, _whitish underneath_; cymes small and
flat, rather few-flowered, smooth; _fruit white or lead-color_.--Wet
places; common, especially northward. Multiplies freely by prostrate or
subterranean suckers, and forms broad clumps, 3--6 deg. high. June.
7. C. stricta, Lam. (STIFF CORNEL.) A shrub 8--15 deg. high; branches
brownish or reddish, smooth; _leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate_,
taper-pointed, acutish at base, _glabrous, of nearly the same hue both
sides; cymes loose, flattish_; _anthers and fruit pale blue_.--Swamps,
Va. to Ga. and Fla. April, May.
8. C. paniculata, L'Her. (PANICLED CORNEL.) Shrub 4--8 deg. high, much
branched; _branches gray, smooth; leaves ovate-lanceolate_,
taper-pointed, acute at base, _whitish beneath_ but not
downy; _cymes convex, loose_, often panicled; _fruit white_,
depressed-globose.--Thickets and river-banks. June.
9. C. alternifolia, L. f. Shrub or tree 8--25 deg. high; _branches greenish
streaked with white, the alternate leaves clustered at the ends_, ovate
or oval, long-pointed, acute at base, whitish and minutely pubescent
beneath; cymes very broad and open; _fruit deep blue_ on reddish
stalks.--Hillsides in copses, N. Brunswick to Minn., south to Ga. and
Ala. May, June.
2. NYSSA, L. TUPELO. PEPPERIDGE. SOUR-GUM TREE.
Flowers dioeciously polygamous, clustered or rarely solitary at the
summit of axillary peduncles. _Stam. Fl._ numerous in a simple or
compound dense cluster of fascicles. Calyx small, 5-parted. Petals as in
fertile flower or none. Stamens 5--12, oftener 10, inserted on the
outside of a convex disk; filaments slender; anthers short. No pistil.
_Pist. Fl._ solitary, or 2--8, sessile in a bracted cluster, much larger
than the staminate flowers. Calyx with a very short repand-truncate or
minutely 5-toothed limb. Petals very small and fleshy, deciduous, or
often wanting. Stamens 5--10, with perfect or imperfect anthers. Style
elongated, revolute, stigmatic down one side. Ovary 1-celled. Drupe
ovoid or oblong, with a bony and grooved or striate 1-celled and
1-seeded stone.--Trees with entire or sometimes angulate-toothed leaves,
which are alternate, but mostly crowded at the ends of the branchlets,
and greenish flowers appearing with the leaves. (The name of a Nymph:
"so called because it [the original species] grows in the water.")
1. N. sylvatica, Marsh. (TUPELO. PEPPERIDGE. BLACK or SOUR GUM.)
Middle-sized tree, with horizontal branches; leaves oval or obovate,
commonly acuminate, glabrous or villous pubescent when young, at least
on the margins and midrib, shining above when old (2--5' long); _fertile
flowers 3--8_, at the summit of a slender peduncle; _fruit ovoid_, acid,
_bluish-black_ (about 1/2' long). (N. multiflora, _Wang._)--Rich soil,
either moist or nearly dry, S. Maine and N. Vt. to Mich., south to Fla.
and Tex. April, May. Leaves turning bright crimson in autumn. Wood firm,
close-grained and very unwedgeable, on account of the oblique direction
and crossing of its fibres.
2. N. uniflora, Wang. (LARGE TUPELO.) A large tree; leaves oblong or
ovate, sometimes slightly cordate at base, long-petioled, entire or
angulate-toothed, pale and downy-pubescent beneath, at least when young
(4--12' long); _fertile flower solitary_ on a slender peduncle; _fruit
oblong, blue_ (1' or more in length).--Deep swamps, S. Va. to S. Ill.
and Mo., south to Fla. and Tex. April. Wood soft; that of the roots very
light and spongy.
DIVISION II. GAMOPETALOUS DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS.
Floral envelopes consisting of both calyx and corolla, the latter
composed of more or less united petals, that is, gamopetalous.[A]
[Footnote A: In certain families, as in Ericaceae, etc., the petals in
some genera are nearly or quite separate. In Compositae and some others,
the calyx is mostly reduced to a pappus, or a mere border, or even to
nothing more than a covering of the surface of the ovary. The student
might look for these in the first or the third division; but the
_artificial analysis_ prefixed to the volume provides for such
anomalies, and will lead him to the proper order.]
ORDER 51. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY.)
_Shrubs, or rarely herbs, with opposite leaves, no (genuine) stipules,
the calyx-tube coherent with the 2--5-celled ovary, the stamens as many
as_ (one fewer in Linnaea, doubled in Adoxa) _the lobes of the tubular or
rotate corolla, and inserted on its tube._--Fruit a berry, drupe, or
pod, 1--several-seeded. Seeds anatropous, with small embryo in fleshy
albumen.
Tribe I. SAMBUCEAE. Corolla wheel-shaped or urn-shaped, regular, deeply
5-lobed. Stigmas 3--5, sessile or nearly so. Inflorescence terminal and
cymose.
[*] Dwarf herb, with stamens doubled and flowers in a capitate cluster.
1. Adoxa. Fruit a dry greenish drupe, with 3--5 cartilaginous nutlets.
Cauline leaves a single pair and ternate.
[*][*] Shrubs, with stamens as many as corolla-lobes and flowers in
broad compound cymes.
2. Sambucus. Fruit berry-like, containing three small seed-like nutlets.
Leaves pinnate.
3. Viburnum. Fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded drupe, with a compressed stone.
Leaves simple.
Tribe II. LONICEREAE. Corolla tubular, often irregular, sometimes
2-lipped. Style slender; stigma capitate.
[*] Herbs, with axillary flowers.
4. Triosteum. Stamens 5. Corolla gibbous at the base. Fruit a 3-celled
drupe. Erect; flowers sessile.