10; carpels transversely wrinkled, seed slightly striate.--Occasionally
spontaneous. (Nat. from Eu.)
G. COLUMBINUM. (LONG-STALKED C.) Minutely hairy, with very slender
decumbent stems; leaves 5--7-parted and cut into narrow linear lobes;
_peduncles and pedicels filiform and elongate_; sepals awned, about
equalling the purple petals, enlarging after flowering; _carpels
glabrous_; seeds nearly as in G. dissectum.--Rarely introduced; Penn.
and southward. June, July. (Nat. from Eu.)
G. SIBIRICUM, L. Slender, repeatedly forked, short-villous; leaves
3-cleft with serrate divisions; flowers dull-white, mostly solitary;
sepals awned; seeds minutely reticulate.--Rare. (Nat. from Eu.)
2. ERODIUM, L'Her. STORKSBILL.
The 5 shorter stamens sterile or wanting. Styles in fruit twisting
spirally, bearded inside. Otherwise as Geranium. (Name from [Greek:
e(rodio/s], _a heron_.)
E. CICUTARIUM, L'Her. Annual, hairy; stems low, spreading; stipules
acute; leaves pinnate, the leaflets sessile, 1--2-pinnatifid; peduncles
several-flowered.--N. Y., Penn., etc.; scarce. (Adv. from Eu.)
3. FLOERKEA, Willd. FALSE MERMAID.
Sepals 3. Petals 3, shorter than the calyx, oblong. Stamens 6. Ovaries
3, opposite the sepals, united only at the base; the style rising in the
centre; stigmas 3. Fruit of 3 (or 1--2) roughish fleshy achenes. Seed
anatropous, erect, filled by the large embryo with its hemispherical
fleshy cotyledons.--A small and inconspicuous annual, with minute
solitary flowers on axillary peduncles. (Named after _Floerke_, a German
botanist.)
1. F. proserpinacoides, Willd. Leaflets 3--5, lanceolate, sometimes
2--3-cleft.--Marshes and river-banks, W. New Eng. to Penn., Ky., Wisc.,
and westward. April--June. Taste slightly pungent.
4. OXALIS, L. WOOD-SORREL.
Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, sometimes united at base, withering
after expansion. Stamens 10, usually monadelphous at base, alternately
shorter. Styles 5, distinct. Pod oblong, membranaceous, 5-celled, more
or less 5-lobed, each cell opening on the back; valves persistent, being
fixed to the axis by the partitions. Seeds 2 or more in each cell,
pendulous from the axis, anatropous, their outer coat loose and
separating. Embryo large and straight in fleshy albumen; cotyledons
flat.--Herbs, with sour watery juice, alternate or radical leaves,
mostly of 3 obcordate leaflets, which close and droop at nightfall.
Several species produce small peculiar flowers, precociously fertilized
in the bud and particularly fruitful; and the ordinary flowers are often
dimorphous or even trimorphous in the relative length of the stamens and
styles. (Name from [Greek: o)xy/s], _sour_.)
[*] _Stemless perennials; leaves and scapes arising from a rootstock or
bulb; leaflets broadly obcordate; flowers nearly 1' broad; cells of the
pod few-seeded._
1. O. Acetosella, L. (COMMON WOOD-SORREL.) _Rootstock creeping_ and
scaly-toothed; _scape 1-flowered_ (2--5' high); petals white with
reddish veins, often notched.--Deep cold woods, Mass. to Penn.,
L. Superior, and northward; also southward in the Alleghanies. June.
(Eu.)
2. O. violacea, L. (VIOLET W.) Nearly smooth; _bulb scaly; scapes
umbellately several-flowered_ (5--9' high), longer than the leaves;
petals violet.--Rocky places and open woods; most common southward. May,
June.
[*][*] _Stems leafy, branching; peduncles axillary; flowers yellow;
cells several-seeded._
3. O. corniculata, L. (YELLOW W.) Annual or perennial by running
subterranean shoots, erect or procumbent, strigose-pubescent; stipules
round or truncate, ciliate; peduncles 2--6-flowered, longer than the
leaves; pods elongated, erect in fruit.--Rare; on ballast, etc.;
indigenous in Mo. (_Bush_), and southwestward. (Cosmopolitan.)
Var. stricta, Sav. Stem erect, somewhat glabrous to very villous;
stipules none. (O. stricta, _L._)--Common. May--Sept. Varies greatly.
4. O. recurva, Ell. Like var. stricta of n. 3; leaflets larger (1/2--11/2'
broad), usually with a brownish margin; flowers larger (6--8''
long).--Penn. to S. Ill., and southward.
5. IMPATIENS, L. BALSAM. JEWEL-WEED.
Calyx and corolla colored alike and not clearly distinguishable. Sepals
apparently only 4; the anterior one notched at the apex and probably
consisting of two combined; the posterior one (appearing anterior as the
flower hangs on its stalk) largest, and forming a spurred sac. Petals 2,
unequal-sided and 2-lobed (each consisting of a pair united). Stamens 5,
short; filaments appendaged with a scale on the inner side, the 5 scales
connivent and united over the stigma; anthers opening on the inner face.
Ovary 5-celled; stigma sessile. Pod with evanescent partitions, and a
thick axis bearing several anatropous seeds, 5-valved, the valves
coiling elastically and projecting the seeds in bursting. Embryo
straight; albumen none.--Leaves simple, alternate, without stipules, in
our species ovate or oval, coarsely toothed, petioled. Flowers axillary
or panicled, often of two sorts, viz.,--the larger ones, which seldom
ripen seeds;--and very small ones, which are fertilized early in the
bud; their floral envelopes never expand, but are forced off by the
growing pod and carried upward on its apex. (Name from the sudden
bursting of the pods when touched, whence also the popular appellation,
_Touch-me-not_, or _Snap-weed_.)
1. I. pallida, Nutt. (PALE TOUCH-ME-NOT.) _Flowers pale-yellow,
sparingly dotted_ with brownish-red; sac dilated and very obtuse,
broader than long, tipped with a short incurved spur.--Moist shady
places and along rills, in rich soil; most common northward.
July--Sept.--Larger and greener than the next, with larger flowers, and
less frequent.
2. I. fulva, Nutt. (SPOTTED TOUCH-ME-NOT.) _Flowers orange-color,
thickly spotted with reddish-brown_; sac longer than broad, acutely
conical, tapering into a _strongly inflexed spur_ half as long as the
sac.--Rills and shady moist places; common, especially southward.
June--Sept.--Plant 2--4 deg. high; the flowers loosely panicled, hanging
gracefully on their slender nodding stalks, the open mouth of the
cornucopiae-shaped sepal upward. Spur rarely wanting. Spotless forms of
both species occur.
ORDER 24. RUTACEAE. (RUE FAMILY.)
_Plants with simple or compound leaves, dotted with pellucid glands and
abounding with a pungent or bitter-aromatic acrid volatile oil,
producing hypogynous almost always regular 3--5-merous flowers, the
stamens as many or twice as many as the sepals (rarely more numerous);
the 2--5 pistils separate or combined into a compound ovary of as many
cells, raised on a prolongation of the receptacle (gynophore) or
glandular disk._--Embryo large, curved or straight, usually in fleshy
albumen. Styles commonly united or cohering, even when the ovaries are
distinct. Fruit usually capsular. Leaves alternate or opposite.
Stipules none.--A large family, chiefly of the Old World and the
southern hemisphere; our two indigenous genera are
1. Xanthoxylum. Flowers dioecious; ovaries 3--5, separate, forming
fleshy pods.
2. Ptelea. Flowers polygamous; ovary 2-celled, forming a samara, like
that of Elm.
1. XANTHOXYLUM, L. PRICKLY ASH.
Flowers dioecious. Sepals 4 or 5, obsolete in one species. Petals 4 or
5, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 4 or 5 in the sterile flowers,
alternate with the petals. Pistils 2--5, separate, but their styles
conniving or slightly united. Pods thick and fleshy, 2-valved,
1--2-seeded. Seed-coat crustaceous, black, smooth and shining. Embryo
straight, with broad cotyledons.--Shrubs or trees, with mostly pinnate
leaves, the stems and often the leafstalks prickly. Flowers small,
greenish or whitish. (From [Greek: xantho/s], _yellow_, and [Greek:
xy/lon], _wood_.)
1. X. Americanum, Mill. (NORTHERN PRICKLY ASH. TOOTHACHE-TREE.) Leaves
and flowers in sessile axillary umbellate clusters; leaflets 2--4 pairs
and an odd one, ovate-oblong, downy when young; calyx none; petals 4--5;
pistils 3--5, with slender styles; pods short-stalked.--Rocky woods and
river-banks; common, especially northward. April, May.--A shrub, with
yellowish-green flowers appearing before the leaves. Bark, leaves, and
pods very pungent and aromatic.
2. X. Clava-Herculis, L. (SOUTHERN P.) Glabrous; leaflets 3--8 pairs and
an odd one, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, oblique, shining above; flowers
in an ample terminal cyme, appearing after the leaves; sepals and petals
5; pistils 2--3, with short styles; pods sessile. (X. Carolinianum,
_Lam._)--Sandy coast of Virginia, and southward. June.--A small tree
with very sharp prickles.
2. PTELEA, L. SHRUBBY TREFOIL. HOP-TREE.
Flowers polygamous. Sepals 3--5. Petals 3--5, imbricated in the bud.
Stamens as many. Ovary 2-celled; style short; stigmas 2. Fruit
a 2-celled and 2-seeded samara, winged all round, nearly
orbicular.--Shrubs, with 3-foliolate leaves, and greenish-white small
flowers in compound terminal cymes. (The Greek name of the Elm, here
applied to a genus with similar fruit.)
1. P. trifoliata, L. Leaflets ovate, pointed, downy when young.--Rocky
places, Long Island to Minn., and southward. June.--A tall shrub. Fruit
bitter, used as a substitute for hops. Odor of the flowers disagreeable.
* * * * *
AILANTHUS GLANDULOSUS, Desf., called TREE OF HEAVEN,--but whose
blossoms, especially the staminate ones, are redolent of anything but
"airs from heaven,"--is much planted as a shade-tree, especially in
towns, and is inclined to spread from seed. It belongs to the order
SIMARUBACEAE, which differs from Rutaceae in the absence of dots in the
leaves. The tree is known by its very long pinnate leaves of many
leaflets, and small polygamous greenish flowers in panicles, the female
producing 2--5 thin, linear-oblong, veiny samaras. (Adv. from China.)
ORDER 25. ILICINEAE. (HOLLY FAMILY.)
_Trees or shrubs, with small axillary 4--8-merous flowers, a minute
calyx free from the 4--8-celled ovary and the 4--8-seeded berry-like
drupe, the stamens as many as the divisions of the almost or quite
4--8-petalled corolla and alternate with them, attached to their very
base._--Corolla imbricated in the bud. Anthers opening lengthwise.
Stigmas 4--8, or united into one, nearly sessile. Seeds suspended and
solitary in each cell, anatropous, with a minute embryo in fleshy
albumen. Leaves simple, mostly alternate. Flowers white or greenish.--A
small family, nearly related to the Gamopetalous order _Ebenaceae_.
1. Ilex. Petals or corolla-lobes oval or obovate. Pedicels mostly
clustered.
2. Nemopanthes. Petals linear. Pedicels solitary.
1. ILEX, L. HOLLY.
Flowers more or less dioeciously polygamous. Calyx 4--6-toothed. Petals
4--6, separate, or united only at the base, oval or obovate, obtuse,
spreading. Stamens 4--6. The berry-like drupe containing 4--6 little
nutlets.--Leaves alternate. Fertile flowers inclined to be solitary, and
the sterile or partly sterile flowers to be clustered in the axils. (The
ancient Latin name of the Holly-Oak, rather than of the Holly.)
Sec. 1. AQUIFOLIUM. _Parts of the flower commonly in fours, sometimes in
fives or sixes; drupe red, its nutlets ribbed, veiny, or 1-grooved on
the back; leaves (mostly smooth) coriaceous and evergreen._
[*] _Leaves armed with spiny teeth; trees._
1. I. opaca, Ait. (AMERICAN HOLLY.) Leaves oval, flat, the wavy margins
with scattered spiny teeth; flowers in loose clusters along the base of
the young branches and in the axils; calyx-teeth acute.--Moist
woodlands, Maine to Va., near the coast, and more common southward.
June.--Tree 20--40 deg. high; the deep green foliage less glossy than in the
European Holly (I. AQUIFOLIUM, _L._), the berries not so bright red, and
nutlets not so veiny.
[*][*] _Leaves serrate or entire, not spiny; shrubs._
2. I. Cassine, L. (CASSENA. YAUPON.) _Leaves lance-ovate or elliptical,
crenate_ (1--11/2' long); flower-clusters nearly sessile, smooth;
_calyx-teeth obtuse_.--Virginia and southward along the coast.
May.--Leaves used for tea by the people along the coast, as they were to
make the celebrated _black drink_ of the North Carolina Indians.
3. I. Dahoon, Walt. (DAHOON HOLLY.) _Leaves oblanceolate or oblong,
entire, or sharply serrate_ toward the apex, with revolute margins
(2--3' long), the _midrib and peduncles pubescent; calyx-teeth
acute_.--Swamps, coast of Va. and southward. May, June.
Var. myrtifolia, Chapm. Leaves smaller (1' long or less) and narrower.
(I. myrtifolia, _Walt._)--Same habitat. May.
Sec. 2. PRINOIDES. _Parts of the (polygamous or dioecious) flowers in fours
or fives (rarely in sixes); drupe red or purple, the nutlets
striate-many-ribbed on the back; leaves deciduous; shrubs._
4. I. decidua, Walt. _Leaves wedge-oblong or lance-obovate, obtusely
serrate, downy on the midrib_ beneath, shining above, becoming thickish;
peduncles of the sterile flowers longer than the petioles, of the
fertile short; calyx-teeth smooth, acute.--Wet grounds, Va. to Mo.,
Kan., and southward. May.
5. I. monticola, Gray. _Leaves ovate or lance-oblong, ample_ (3--5'
long), taper-pointed, thin-membranaceous, _smooth, sharply serrate_;
fertile flowers very short-peduncled; calyx ciliate.--Damp woods,
Taconic and Catskill Mountains, and Cattarangus Co., N. Y., through
Penn. (east to Northampton Co.), and southward along the Alleghanies.
May.
6. I. mollis, Gray. _Leaves soft downy beneath_, oval, ovate, or oblong,
taper-pointed at both ends, especially at the apex, thin-membranaceous,
sharply serrulate; sterile flowers very numerous in umbel-like clusters,
the pedicels shorter than the petiole and (with the calyx) soft-downy,
the fertile peduncles very short.--Burgoon's Gap, Alleghanies of Penn.
(_J. R. Lowrie, Porter_), and along the mountains in the Southern
States.--Resembles the last.
Sec. 3. PRINOS. _Parts of the sterile flowers commonly in fours, fives, or
sixes, those of the fertile flowers commonly in sixes (rarely in fives,
sevens, or eights); nutlets smooth and even; shrubs._
[*] _Leaves deciduous; flowers in sessile clusters, or the fertile
solitary; fruit bright red._
7. I. verticillata, Gray. (BLACK ALDER. WINTERBERRY.) _Leaves_ oval,
obovate, or wedge-lanceolate, pointed, acute at base, serrate, _downy on
the veins beneath; flowers all very short-peduncled_.--Low grounds;
common. May, June.
8. I. laevigata, Gray. (SMOOTH WINTERBERRY.) Leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, appressed-serrulate, shining
above, beneath mostly _glabrous; sterile flowers long-peduncled_.--Wet
grounds, Maine to the mountains of Va. June.--Fruit larger than in the
last, ripening earlier in the autumn.
[*][*] _Leaves coriaceous, evergreen and shining, often black-dotted
beneath; fruit black._
9. I. glabra, Gray. (INKBERRY.) Leaves wedge-lanceolate or oblong,
sparingly toothed toward the apex, smooth; peduncles (1/2' long) of the
sterile flowers 3--6-flowered, of the fertile 1-flowered; calyx-teeth
rather blunt.--Sandy grounds, Cape Ann, Mass., to Va., and southward
near the coast. June.--Shrub 2--3 deg. high.
2. NEMOPANTHES, Raf. MOUNTAIN HOLLY.
Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Calyx in the sterile flowers of 4--5 minute
deciduous teeth, in the fertile ones obsolete. Petals 4--5,
oblong-linear, spreading, distinct. Stamens 4--5; filaments slender.
Drupe with 4--5 bony nutlets, light red.--A much-branched shrub, with
ash-gray bark, alternate and oblong deciduous leaves on slender
petioles, entire or slightly toothed, smooth. Flowers on long slender
axillary peduncles, solitary or sparingly clustered. (Name said by the
author to mean "flower with a filiform peduncle," therefore probably
composed of [Greek: ne~ma], _a thread_, [Greek: poy/s], _foot_, and
[Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_.)
1. N. fascicularis, Raf. (N. Canadensis, _DC._)--Damp cold woods, from
the mountains of Va. to Maine, Ind., Wisc., and northward. May.
ORDER 26. CELASTRACEAE. (STAFF-TREE FAMILY.)
_Shrubs with simple leaves, and small regular flowers, the sepals and
the petals both imbricated in the bud, the 4 or 5 perigynous stamens as
many as the petals and alternate with them, inserted on a disk which
fills the bottom of the calyx and sometimes covers the ovary. Seeds
arilled._--Ovules one or few (erect or pendulous) in each cell,
anatropous; styles united into one. Fruit 2--5-celled, free from the
calyx. Embryo large, in fleshy albumen; cotyledons broad and thin.
Stipules minute and fugacious. Pedicels jointed.
[*] Leaves alternate. Flowers in terminal racemes.
1. Celastrus. A shrubby climber. Fruit globose, orange, 3-valved. Aril
scarlet.
[*][*] Leaves opposite. Flowers in axillary cymes or solitary.
2. Euonymus. Erect shrubs. Leaves deciduous. Fruit 3--5-lobed.
3--5-valved. Aril red.
3. Pachystima. Dwarf evergreen shrub. Flowers very small. Fruit oblong,
2-valved. Aril white.
1. CELASTRUS, L. STAFF-TREE. SHRUBBY BITTER-SWEET.
Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Petals (crenulate) and stamens 5, inserted
on the margin of a cup-shaped disk which lines the base of the calyx.
Pod globose (orange-color and berry-like), 3-celled, 3-valved,
loculicidal. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, erect, enclosed in a pulpy
scarlet aril.--Leaves alternate. Flowers small, greenish, in raceme-like
clusters terminating the branches. (An ancient Greek name for some
evergreen, which our plant is not.)
1. C. scandens, L. (WAX-WORK. CLIMBING BITTER-SWEET.) Twining shrub;
leaves ovate-oblong, finely serrate, pointed.--Along streams and
thickets. June.--The opening orange-colored pods, displaying the scarlet
covering of the seeds, are very ornamental in autumn.
2. EUONYMUS, Tourn. SPINDLE-TREE.
Flowers perfect. Sepals 4 or 5, united at the base, forming a short and
flat calyx. Petals 4--5, rounded, spreading. Stamens very short,
inserted on the edge or face of a broad and flat 4--5-angled disk, which
coheres with the calyx and is stretched over the ovary, adhering to it
more or less. Style short or none. Pod 3--5-lobed, 3--5-valved,
loculicidal. Seeds 1--4 in each cell, enclosed in a red aril.--Shrubs,
with 4-sided branchlets, opposite serrate leaves, and loose cymes of
small flowers on axillary peduncles. (Derivation from [Greek: eu~)],
_good_, and [Greek: o)/noma], _name_, because it has the bad reputation
of poisoning cattle. _Tourn._)
1. E. atropurpureus, Jacq. (BURNING-BUSH. WAAHOO.) Shrub tall (6--14 deg.
high) and upright; _leaves petioled_, oval-oblong, pointed; parts of the
(dark-purple) flower commonly in fours; _pods smooth, deeply
lobed_.--N. Y. to Wisc., Neb., and southward; also cultivated.
June.--Ornamental in autumn, by its copious crimson fruit, drooping on
long peduncles.
2. E. Americanus, L. (STRAWBERRY BUSH.) Shrub low, upright or straggling
(2--5 deg. high); _leaves almost sessile, thickish_, bright green, varying
from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or pointed; parts of the
greenish-purple flowers mostly in fives; _pods rough-warty, depressed_,
crimson when ripe; the aril and dissepiments scarlet.--Wooded
river-banks, N. Y. to Ill., and southward. June.
Var. obovatus, Torr. & Gray. Trailing, with rooting branches; flowering
stems 1--2 deg. high; leaves thin and dull, obovate or oblong.--Low or wet
places; the commoner form.
3. PACHYSTIMA, Raf.
Flowers perfect. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 4, on the edge of the
broad disk lining the calyx-tube. Ovary free; style very short. Pod
small, oblong, 2-celled, loculicidally 2-valved. Seeds 1 or 2, enclosed
in a white membranaceous many-cleft aril.--Low evergreen shrubs, with
smooth serrulate coriaceous opposite leaves and very small green flowers
solitary or fascicled in the axils. (Derivation obscure.)
1. P. Canbyi, Gray. Leaves linear to linear-oblong or oblong-obovate,
obtuse, 3''--1' long; pedicels very slender, often solitary, shorter
than the leaves; fruit 2'' long.--Mountains of S. W. Va.
ORDER 27. RHAMNACEAE. (BUCKTHORN FAMILY.)
_Shrubs or small trees, with simple leaves, small and regular flowers
(sometimes apetalous), with the 4 or 5 perigynous stamens as many as the
valvate sepals and alternate with them, accordingly opposite the petals!
Drupe or pod with only one erect seed in each cell, not
arilled._--Petals folded inwards in the bud, hooded or concave, inserted
along with the stamens into the edge of the fleshy disk which lines the
short tube of the calyx and sometimes unites it to the lower part of the
2--5-celled ovary. Ovules solitary, anatropous. Stigmas 2--5. Embryo
large, with broad cotyledons, in sparing fleshy albumen.--Flowers often
polygamous, sometimes dioecious. Leaves mostly alternate; stipules small
or obsolete. Branches often thorny. (Slightly bitter and astringent;
the fruit often mucilaginous, commonly rather nauseous or drastic.)
[*] Calyx and disk free from the ovary.
1. Berchemia. Petals sessile, entire, as long as the calyx. Drupe with
thin flesh and a 2-celled bony putamen.
2. Rhamnus. Petals small, short-clawed, notched, or none. Drupe
berry-like, with 2--4 separate seed-like nutlets.
[*][*] Calyx with the disk adherent to the base of the ovary.
3. Ceanothus. Petals long-clawed, hooded. Fruit dry, at length
dehiscent.
1. BERCHEMI, Necker. SUPPLE-JACK.
Calyx with a very short and roundish tube; its lobes equalling the 5
oblong sessile acute petals, longer than the stamens. Disk very thick
and flat, filling the calyx-tube and covering the ovary. Drupe oblong,
with thin flesh and a bony 2-celled putamen.--Woody high-climbing
twiners, with the pinnate veins of the leaves straight and parallel, the
small greenish-white flowers in small panicles. (Name unexplained,
probably personal.)
1. B. volubilis, DC. Glabrous; leaves oblong-ovate, acute, scarcely
serrulate; style short.--Damp soils, Va. to Ky. and Mo., and southward.
June.--Ascending tall trees. Stems tough and very lithe, whence the
popular name.
2. RHAMNUS, Tourn. BUCKTHORN.
Calyx 4--5-cleft; the tube campanulate, lined with the disk. Petals
small, short-clawed, notched at the end, wrapped around the short
stamens, or sometimes none. Ovary free, 2--4-celled. Drupe berry-like
(black), containing 2--4 separate seed-like nutlets, of cartilaginous
texture.--Shrubs or small trees, with loosely pinnately veined leaves,
and greenish polygamous or dioecious flowers, in axillary clusters. (The
ancient Greek name.)
Sec. 1. RHAMNUS proper. _Flowers usually dioecious; nutlets and seeds
deeply grooved on the back; rhaphe dorsal; cotyledons foliaceous, the
margins revolute._
[*] _Calyx-lobes and stamens 5; petals wanting._
1. R. alnifolia, L'Her. A low shrub; leaves oval, acute, serrate, nearly
straight-veined; fruit 3-seeded.--Swamps, Maine to Penn., Neb., and
northward. June.
[*][*] _Calyx-lobes, petals, and stamens 4._
R. CATHARTICA, L. (COMMON BUCKTHORN.) _Leaves ovate_, minutely serrate;
_fruit 3--4-seeded_; branchlets thorny.--Cultivated for hedges;
sparingly naturalized eastward. May, June. (Nat. from Eu.)
2. R. lanceolata, Pursh. _Leaves oblong-lanceolate_ and acute, or on
flowering shoots oblong and obtuse, finely serrulate, smooth or minutely
downy beneath; petals deeply notched; _fruit 2-seeded_.--Hills and
river-banks, Penn. (Mercersburg, _Green_) to Ill., Tenn., and westward.
May.--Shrub tall, not thorny; the yellowish-green flowers of two forms
on distinct plants, both perfect; one with short pedicels clustered in
the axils and with a short included style; the other with pedicels
oftener solitary, the style longer and exserted.
Sec. 2. FRANGULA. _Flowers perfect; nutlets and seeds not furrowed;
cotyledons flat, thick; rhaphe lateral._