from the apex only, and furnished for the most part with distinct leaves
(sometimes taking the form of an expanded leaf-like usually prostrate
_thallus_); reproduction by means of antheridia and archegonia,
sometimes also by gemmation.
SUBCLASS I. VASCULAR ACROGENS, OR PTERIDOPHYTES. Stems (and foliage
when present) containing both woody fibre and vessels; antheridia or
archegonia, or both, borne on a minute prothallus, which is developed
from the spore on germination.
[*] Spores of only one kind; prothallus bearing antheridia and
archegonia.
130. Equisetaceae (p. 675). Cylindric jointed hollow-stemmed plants, with
toothed sheaths. Fructification in a terminal spike.
131. Filices (p. 678). Ferns, with fronds circinate in vernation,
bearing the fructification on the under surface or beneath the margin.
132. Ophioglossaceae (p. 693). Fronds often fern-like, erect in
vernation. Sporangia globose, coriaceous, 2-valved, in special spikes
or panicles.
133. Lycopodiaceae (p. 695). Low moss like plants with elongated stems
and small persistent entire several-ranked leaves. Sporangia solitary,
axillary, 1--3-celled, 2--3-valved.
[*][*] Spores of two kinds, the _macrospore_ producing a prothallus with
archegonia, the _microspore_ smaller and developing antheridia.
134. Selaginellaceae (p. 697). Low leafy moss-like or marsh plants, with
branching stems, and small 4--6-ranked leaves, or with a corm-like stem
and basal linear-subulate leaves, the two kinds of spores in distinct
solitary axillary 1-celled sporangia.
135. Marsiliaceae (p. 700). The two kinds of spores in the same or
different sporangia which are borne in a coriaceous peduncled sporocarp
arising from a slender creeping rhizome. Fronds digitately 4-foliolate
or filiform.
136. Salviniaceae (p. 701). The two kinds of spores in separate
thin-walled 1-celled sporocarps or conceptacles clustered beneath the
small floating fronds; macrospores solitary.
SUBCLASS II. CELLULAR ACROGENS, OR BRYOPHYTES.
Plants with cellular tissue only; both antheridia and archegonia borne
upon the plant itself.--Including the MUSCI, or Mosses (which are not
treated of here), never thallose, and bearing capsules which usually
dehisce by a lid and contain spores only, and the HEPATICAE, which bear
capsules which dehisce by valves or irregularly and usually have elaters
mingled with the spores. The latter division comprises the following
Orders.
[*] Capsule 4-valved; plant a leafy axis or sometimes a branching
thallus.
137. Jungermanniaceae (p. 702). Leaves, when present, without a midrib,
2-ranked, with often a third row beneath; pedicels slender.
[*][*] Capsule 2-valved, or dehiscing irregularly, or indehiscent; plant
a thallus or thalloid stem.
138. Anthocerotaceae (p. 726). Thallus without epidermis, irregularly
branching; pedicels stout or none. Capsule with a columella. Elaters
mostly without fibres.
139. Marchantiaceae (p. 727). Thallus radiate or dichotomous, the
epidermis usually porose. Capsules borne on the under side of a
pedunculate receptacle, irregularly dehiscent. Elaters 2-spiral.
140. Ricciaceae (p. 730). Thallus radiate or dichotomous, the epidermis
eporose. Capsules immersed in the thallus or sessile upon it,
indehiscent. Elaters none.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE ORDERS.
CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. (See p. 1.)
SUBCLASS I. ANGIOSPERMAE. Pistil consisting of a closed ovary.
Cotyledons only two.
DIVISION I. POLYPETALOUS: the calyx and corolla both present;
the latter of _separate_ petals.
[A.] _Stamens numerous, at least more than 10, and more than
twice the sepals or lobes of the calyx._
[1.] _Calyx entirely free and separate from the pistil or
pistils._
PAGE
Pistils numerous but cohering over each other in a solid mass on an
elongated receptacle. MAGNOLIACEAE, 49
Pistils numerous, separate, but concealed in a hollow receptacle.
Leaves opposite, entire; no stipules. CALYCANTHACEAE, 167
Leaves alternate, with stipules. Rosa, in ROSACEAE, 162
Pistils several, immersed in hollows of the upper surface of a large
top-shaped receptacle. Nelumbo, in NYMPHAEACEAE, 55
Pistils more than one, separate, not enclosed in the receptacle.
Stamens inserted on the calyx, distinct. ROSACEAE, 150
Stamens united with the base of the petals, monadelphous.
MALVACEAE, 96
Stamens inserted on the receptacle.
Filaments much shorter than the anther; trees. ANONACEAE, 50
Filaments longer than the anther.
Flowers dioecious; twiners with alternate leaves.
MENISPERMACEAE, 51
Flowers perfect; if climbers, the leaves opposite.
Leaves not peltate; petals deciduous. RANUNCULACEAE, 34
Leaves peltate; petals persistent.
Brasenia, in NYMPHAEACEAE, 55
Pistils several-lobed, the ovaries united below the middle.
RESEDACEAE, 75
Pistils several, their ovaries cohering in a ring around an axis.
MALVACEAE, 96
Pistils strictly one as to the ovary; the styles or stigmas may be
several.
Leaves punctate under a lens with transparent dots. HYPERICACEAE, 92
Leaves not punctate with transparent dots.
Ovary simple, 1-celled, 2-ovuled. ROSACEAE, 150
Ovary simple, 1-celled, with one parietal many-ovuled placenta.
Leaves 2--3-ternately compound or dissected. RANUNCULACEAE, 34
Leaves peltate, simply lobed. Podophyllum, in BERBERIDACEAE, 52
Ovary compound, 1-celled, with a central placenta.
PORTULACACEAE, 90
Ovary compound, 1-celled, with two or more parietal placentae.
Calyx caducous; juice milky or colored. PAPAVERACEAE, 57
Calyx deciduous, of 4 sepals. CAPPARIDACEAE, 74
Calyx persistent, of 3 or 5 sepals. CISTACEAE, 76
Ovary compound, several-celled.
Calyx valvate in the bud, and
Persistent; stamens monadelphous; anthers 1-celled.
MALVACEAE, 96
Deciduous; anthers 2-celled. TILIACEAE, 101
Calyx imbricated in the bud, persistent.
Shrubs; stamens on the base of the petals.
TERNSTROEMIACEAE, 95
Aquatic or marsh herbs; ovaries many,
On 5 placentae in the axis. SARRACENIACEAE, 57
On the 8--30 partitions. NYMPHAEACEAE, 54
[2.] _Calyx more or less coherent with the surface of the (compound)
ovary._
Ovary 8--30-celled; ovules many, on the partitions; aquatic.
NYMPHAEACEAE, 54
Ovary 10-celled; cells 1-ovuled. Amelanchier, in ROSACEAE, 166
Ovary 2--5-celled.
Leaves alternate, with stipules. Pomeae, in ROSACEAE, 151
Leaves opposite, without stipules. Some SAXIFRAGACEAE, 168
Leaves alternate, without stipules. STYRACACEAE, 333
Ovary 1-celled, with the ovules parietal.
Fleshy plants with no true foliage; petals many. CACTACEAE, 186
Rough-leaved plants; petals 5 or 10. LOASACEAE, 193
Ovary one-celled, with the ovules rising from the base.
PORTULACACEAE, 90
[B.] _Stamens of the same number as the petals and opposite them._
Pistils 3--6, separate; flowers dioecious; woody vines.
MENISPERMACEAE, 51
Pistil only one.
Ovary one-celled; anthers opening by uplifted valves.
BERBERIDACEAE, 52
Ovary one-celled; anthers not opening by uplifted valves.
Style and stigma one; ovules more than one. PRIMULACEAE, 328
Style 1; stigmas 3; sepals 2; ovules several. PORTULACACEAE, 90
Style twice or thrice forked; flowers monoecious.
Crotonopsis, in EUPHORBIACEAE, 458
Styles 5; ovule and seed only one. PLUMBAGINACEAE, 327
Ovary 2--4-celled.
Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete; petals valvate. VITACEAE, 112
Calyx 4--5-cleft, valvate in the bud; petals involute.
RHAMNACEAE, 111
[C.] _Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals, when of just
the number of the petals then alternate with them._
1. _Calyx free from the ovary, i.e. the ovary wholly superior._
[*] _Ovaries 2 or more, separate._
Stamens united with each other and with a large and thick stigma
common to the two ovaries. ASCLEPIADACEAE, 338
Stamens unconnected, on the receptacle, free from the calyx.
Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. RUTACEAE, 106
Leaves not pellucid-punctate.
Tree, with pinnate leaves. Ailanthus, in SIMARUBACEAE, 107
Low shrub, with pinnate leaves. Xanthorrhiza, in RANUNCULACEAE, 48
Herbs, not fleshy. RANUNCULACEAE, 34
Herbs, with thick fleshy leaves. CRASSULACEAE, 176
Stamens unconnected, inserted on the calyx.
Just twice as many as the pistils (flower symmetrical).
CRASSULACEAE, 176
Not just the number or twice the number of the pistils.
Leaves without stipules. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 168
Leaves with stipules. ROSACEAE, 150
[*][*] _Ovaries 2--5, somewhat united at the base, separate above._
Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. RUTACEAE, 106
Leaves not pellucid-punctate.
Shrubs or trees with opposite leaves. SAPINDACEAE, 115
Terrestrial herbs; the carpels fewer than the petals.
SAXIFRAGACEAE, 168
[*][*][*] _Ovaries or lobes of ovary 3 to 5, with a common style._
GERANIACEAE, 102
[*][*][*][*] _Ovary only one, and_
[+] _Simple, with one parietal placenta._ LEGUMINOSAE, 122
[+][+] _Compound, as shown by the number of cells, placentae, styles, or
stigmas._
Ovary one-celled.
Corolla irregular; petals 4; stamens 6. FUMARIACEAE, 59
Corolla irregular; petals and stamens 5. VIOLACEAE, 78
Corolla regular or nearly so.
Ovule solitary; shrubs or trees; stigmas 3. ANACARDIACEAE, 118
Ovules solitary or few; herbs. Some anomalous CRUCIFERAE, 61
Ovules more than one, in the centre or bottom of the cell.
Petals not inserted on the calyx. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 82
Petals on the throat of a bell-shaped or tubular calyx.
LYTHRACEAE, 184
Ovules several or many, on two or more parietal placentae.
Leaves punctate with pellucid and dark dots. HYPERICACEAE, 92
Leaves beset with reddish gland-tipped bristles.
DROSERACEAE, 178
Leaves neither punctate nor bristly-glandular.
Sepals 5, very unequal or only 3. CISTACEAE, 76
Sepals and petals 4; stamens 6. Anomalous CRUCIFERAE, 61
Sepals and petals 5; stamens 5 or 10.
Ovary and stamens raised on a stalk. PASSIFLORACEAE, 194
Ovary sessile. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 168
Ovary 2--several-celled.
Flowers irregular.
Anthers opening at the top,
Six or eight and 1-celled; ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled.
POLYGALACEAE, 120
Ten and 2-celled; ovary 5-celled.
Rhododendron, in ERICACEAE, 286
Anthers opening lengthwise.
Stamens 12 and petals 6 on the throat of a tubular inflated or
gibbous calyx. Cuphea, in LYTHRACEAE, 186
Stamens 5--8 or 10, and petals hypogynous, or nearly so.
Ovary 3-celled. SAPINDACEAE, 115
Ovary 5-celled. Impatiens, &c., in GERANIACEAE, 105
Flowers regular or nearly so.
Stamens neither just as many nor twice as many as the petals,
Triadelphous; petals 5. HYPERICACEAE, 92
Tetradynamous (or rarely only 2 or 4); petals 4; pungent
herbs. CRUCIFERAE, 61
Distinct and fewer than the 4 petals. OLEACEAE, 335
Distinct and more numerous than the petals. SAPINDACEAE, 115
Stamens just as many or twice as many as the petals.
Ovules and seeds only 1 or 2 in each cell.
Herbs; flowers monoecious or dioecious. EUPHORBIACEAE, 451
Herbs; flowers perfect and symmetrical.
Cells of the ovary as many as the sepals, &c.
GERANIACEAE, 102
Cells of the (divided) ovary twice as many as the styles,
sepals, &c. LINACEAE, 101
Shrubs or trees.
Leaves 3-foliolate, pellucid-punctate.
Ptelea, in RUTACEAE, 107
Leaves palmately veined and fruit 2-winged, or pinnate and
fruit a berry. SAPINDACEAE, 115
Leaves pinnately veined, simple, not punctate.
Calyx not minute; pod colored, dehiscent; seeds enclosed
in a pulpy aril. CELASTRACEAE, 109
Calyx minute; fruit a berry-like drupe. ILICINEAE, 107
Ovules (and usually seeds) several or many in each cell.
Stipules between the opposite and simple leaves.
ELATINACEAE, 91
Stipules between the opposite and compound leaves (but they
are caducous). Staphylea, in SAPINDACEAE, 118
Stipules none when the leaves are opposite.
Stamens 5, monadelphous in a 10-toothed tube or cup;
leaves simple, all radical. Galax, in DIAPENSIACEAE, 326
Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base. Leaflets 3,
inversely heart-shaped. Oxalis, in GERANIACEAE, 105
Stamens distinct, free from the calyx.
Style 1, undivided. ERICACEAE, 303
Styles 2--5, separate. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 82
Stamens distinct, inserted on the calyx.
Styles 2 (or 3), or splitting into 2 in fruit.
SAXIFRAGACEAE, 168
Style 1; pod in the calyx, 1-celled. LYTHRACEAE, 184
[2.] _Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary, at least to its lower half._
Tendril-bearing and often succulent herbs. CUCURBITACEAE, 194
Not tendril-bearing.
Ovules and seeds more than one in each cell.
Ovary 1-celled, many-ovuled from the base. PORTULACACEAE, 90
Ovary 1-celled, with 2 or 3 parietal placentae. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 168
Ovary 2--several-celled.
Anthers opening by pores at the apex; style 1.
MELASTOMACEAE, 183
Anthers not opening by pores.
Stamens on a flat disk which covers the ovary.
CELASTRACEAE, 109
Stamens inserted on the calyx.
Eight or four (rarely five); style 1. ONAGRACEAE, 186
Five or ten; styles 2--3, distinct. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 168
Ovules and seeds only one in each cell.
Stamens 10 or 5 (instead of many),--
rarely in Crataegus, in ROSACEAE, 165
Stamens 2 or 8; style 1; stigma 2--4-lobed; herbs.
ONAGRACEAE, 186
Stamens 4 or 8; aquatics; styles or sessile stigmas 4.
HALORAGEAE, 180
Perfect stamens 4; styles 2; shrub. HAMAMELIDEAE, 179
Stamens 4; style and stigma 1; chiefly shrubs. CORNACEAE, 213
Stamens 5; flowers in umbels, or rarely in heads.
Fruit dry, splitting in two at maturity; styles 2.
UMBELLIFERAE, 193
Fruit berry-like; styles 2--5, separate or united.
ARALIACEAE, 212
Division II. GAMOPETALOUS calyx and corolla both present; the latter
with its petals united more or less into one piece.
[A.] _Stamens more numerous than the lobes of the corolla._
Ovary 1-celled with one parietal placenta. LEGUMINOSAE, 122
Ovary 1-celled with two parietal placentae.
Adlumia, &c., in Fumariaceae, 60
Ovary 1-celled with the ovules at the centre or base. STYRACACEAE, 333
Ovary 2-celled with a single ovule in each cell. POLYGALACEAE, 120
Ovary 3--many-celled.
Stamens free or nearly free from the corolla; style single.
ERICACEAE, 309
Stamens free from the corolla; styles 5. Oxalis, in GERANIACEAE, 105
Stamens inserted on the base or tube of the corolla.
Filaments monadelphous; anthers 1-celled, kidney-shaped.
MALVACEAE, 96
Filaments 1--5-adelphous at base; anthers 2-celled.
Calyx free from the ovary. TERNSTROEMIACEAE, 96
Calyx coherent with the ovary or with its base. STYRACACEAE, 333
Filaments wholly distinct; calyx free, persistent. EBENACEAE, 333
Filaments in pairs at each sinus; anthers 1-celled.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 216
[B.] _Stamens (fertile ones) as many as the lobes of the corolla and
opposite them._
Ovary 5-celled; corolla appendaged with scales inside. SAPOTACEAE, 332
Ovary 1-celled; pod several--many-seeded; style 1. PRIMULACEAE, 328
Ovary 1-celled; utricle 1-seeded; styles 5. PLUMBAGINACEAE, 327
[C.] _Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with
them, or fewer._
[1.] _Ovary adherent to the calyx-tube (inferior)._
Tendril-bearing herbs; anthers often united. CUCURBITACEAE, 194
Tendrils none.
Stamens united by their anthers into a ring or tube.
Flowers in an involucrate head. COMPOSITAE, 230
Flowers separate, not involucrate; corolla irregular.
LOBELIACEAE, 305
Stamens separate, free from the corolla or nearly so, as many as its
lobes; stipules none; juice milky. CAMPANULACEAE, 307
Stamens separate, inserted on the corolla,
One to three, always fewer than the corolla-lobes.
VALERIANACEAE, 228
Four or five; leaves opposite or whorled.
Ovary 1-celled; flowers in a dense involucrate head.
DIPSACEAE, 229
Ovary 2--5-celled.
Leaves whorled and without stipules. RUBIACEAE, 222
Leaves opposite or whorled, and with stipules. RUBIACEAE, 222
Leaves opposite without stipules (petioles sometimes with
stipule-like appendages). CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 216
[2.] _Ovary free from the calyx (superior)._
[*] _Corolla irregular; stamens (with anthers) 4 and didynamous, or only
2._
Ovules and seeds solitary in the (1--4) cells.
Ovary 4-lobed, the style rising from between the lobes.
LABIATAE, 403
Ovary not lobed, the style from its apex. VERBENACEAE, 401
Ovules numerous or at least as many as 2 in each cell.
Ovary and pod 1-celled,
With a free central placenta; stamens 2. LENTIBULACEAE, 395
With 2 or more parietal very many-seeded placentae; stamens 4.
OROBANCHACEAE, 393
Ovary and fruit more or less 4--5-celled. PEDALIACEAE, 399
Ovary and pod 2-celled, but the 2 placentae parietal.
BIGNONIACEAE, 398
Ovary and pod 2-celled; placentae in the axis.
Seeds rarely few, not on hooks, with albumen.
SCROPHULARIACEAE, 377
Seeds few, borne on hook-like or other projections of the
placentae; no albumen. ACANTHACEAE, 399
[*][*] _Corolla somewhat irregular; stamens (with anthers) 5._
Stamens free from the corolla; anthers with their cells opening by a
hole or chink at the top. Rhododendron, in ERICACEAE, 320
Stamens inserted on the corolla.
Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style. Echium, in BORRAGINACEAE, 367
Ovary not lobed; pod many-seeded.
Filaments or some of them woolly. Verbascum, SCROPHULARIACEAE, 379
Filaments not woolly. Hyoscyamus, SOLANACEAE, 376
[*][*][*] _Corolla regular._
[+] _Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla._
Ovaries 2, separate; their
Styles and stigmas also wholly separate.
Dichondra, CONVOLVULACEAE, 368
Stigmas and sometimes styles united into one.
Filaments distinct; pollen in ordinary grains. APOCYNACEAE, 337
Filaments monadelphous; pollen in masses. ASCLEPIADACEAE, 338
Ovary one, but deeply 4-lobed around the style (or 2-lobed in
Heliotropium).
Leaves alternate. BORRAGINACEAE, 360
Leaves opposite. Mentha, in LABIATAE, 407
Ovary one; pod 2-lobed or 2-horned at the summit. LOGANIACEAE, 345
Ovary one; not deeply lobed,
One-celled, one-ovuled, becoming an achene. PLANTAGINACEAE, 422
One-celled, with ovules parietal or on 2 parietal placentae.
Leaves (or in Menyanthes three leaflets) entire. GENTIANACEAE, 346
Leaves toothed, lobed, or pinnately compound. HYDROPHYLLACEAE, 357
Two- to ten-celled.
Leafless parasitic twining plants. Cuscuta, in CONVOLVULACEAE, 370
Leaves opposite, their bases or petioles connected by stipules or
a stipular line. LOGANIACEAE, 345
Leaves when opposite without stipules.
Stamens free from the corolla or nearly so; style 1.
ERICACEAE, 309
Stamens almost free from the corolla; style none. ILICINEAE, 107
Stamens in the sinuses of the corolla; style 1. DIAPENSIACEAE, 326
Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla,
Four; pod 2-celled, circumscissile. PLANTAGINACEAE, 422
Four; ovary 2--4-celled; ovules solitary. VERBENACEAE, 401
Five or rarely more.
Fruit of two or four seed-like nutlets. BORRAGINACEAE, 360
Fruit a few-seeded pod.
Calyx 5-cleft; style 3-lobed or -cleft. POLEMONIACEAE, 354
Sepals 5; styles 1 or 2, entire or 2-cleft; seeds large,
only one or two in a cell. CONVOLVULACEAE, 367
Fruit a many-seeded pod or berry.
Styles 2. Hydrolea, in HYDROPHYLLACEAE, 360
Style single. SOLANACEAE, 373
[+][+] _Stamens fewer than the lobes of the corolla._
Stamens 4, didynamous.
Ovary 2-celled; the cells several-seeded. ACANTHACEAE, 399
Ovary 2--4-celled; the cells 1-seeded. VERBENACEAE, 401
Stamens only 2 with anthers; ovary 4-lobed. Lycopus, in LABIATAE, 408
Stamens 2, rarely 3; ovary 2-celled.
Low herbs; corolla scarious, withering on the pod.
PLANTAGINACEAE, 422
Herbs; corolla rotate, or somewhat funnelform, and slightly
irregular. Veronica, in SCROPHULARIACEAE, 386
Shrubs or trees; corolla perfectly regular. OLEACEAE, 335
DIVISION III. APETALOUS: corolla (and sometimes calyx) wanting.
[A.] _Flowers not in catkins._
[1.] _Ovary or its cells containing many ovules._
Ovary and pod inferior (i.e. calyx-tube adherent to the ovary),
Six-celled; stamens 6--12. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, 444
Four-celled; stamens 4. Ludwigia, in ONAGRACEAE, 187
One-celled, with parietal placentae.
Chrysosplenium, in SAXIFRAGACEAE, 172
Ovary and pod wholly naked (there being no calyx),
Two-celled, 2-beaked; flowers capitate; tree. HAMAMELIDEAE, 179
Two-celled, many-ribbed; aquatic herb. PODOSTEMACEAE, 444
Ovary and pod superior, i.e. free from the calyx.
Five-celled and 5-beaked, opening across the beaks, which fall off
at maturity; stamens 10. Penthorum, in CRASSULACEAE, 176
Three-celled and 3-valved, or 3--5-celled and circumscissile.
FICOIDEAE, 198
Two-celled or one-celled; placentae central.
Stamens inserted on the throat or tube of the calyx.
LYTHRACEAE, 184
Stamens inserted on the receptacle or the base of the calyx,
Alternate with the 5 sepals. Glaux, in PRIMULACEAE, 331
Opposite the sepals when of the same number. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 82
One-celled, with one parietal placenta. RANUNCULACEAE, 34
Ovaries 2 or more, separate, simple. RANUNCULACEAE, 34
[2.] _Ovary or its cells containing only 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4, ovules._
[*] _Pistils more than one, and distinct or nearly so._
Stamens inserted on the calyx; leaves with stipules. ROSACEAE, 150
Stamens inserted on the receptacle.
Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. Xanthoxylum, in RUTACEAE, 106
Leaves not dotted.
Calyx present, and usually colored or petal-like.
RANUNCULACEAE, 34
Calyx absent; flowers entirely naked, perfect, spiked.
PIPERACEAE, 446
[*][*] _Pistil one, either simple or compound._
Ovary partly inferior, the calyx coherent to its lower half, 2-celled;
styles 2; stamens many. HAMAMELIDEAE, 179
Ovary wholly inferior (in perfect or pistillate flowers).
Aquatic herbs; ovary 3--4-celled, or (Hippuris) 1-celled.
HALORAGEAE, 180
Mostly woody plants; style or stigma one, entire; ovary 1-celled.
Stigma running down one side of the style.
Nyssa, in CORNACEAE, 215
Stigma terminal, with or without a style.
Parasitic on the branches of trees; anthers sessile.
LORANTHACEAE, 449
Not parasitic above ground; anthers on filaments.
SANTALACEAE, 450
Ovary really free from the calyx, but permanently invested by its
tube, or the base of it, so as to seem inferior.
Shrubs, with scurfy leaves; flowers mostly dioecious.
ELAEAGNACEAE, 448
Herbs, with the calyx colored like a corolla.
Leaves opposite, simple. NYCTAGINACEAE, 425
Leaves alternate, pinnate. Poterium, in ROSACEAE, 161
Ovary plainly free from the calyx, which is sometimes wanting.
Stipules (ocreae) sheathing the stem at the nodes.
Tree; calyx none; flowers monoecious, in heads. PLATANACEAE, 466
Herbs; calyx present and commonly petal-like. POLYGONACEAE, 436
Stipules not sheathing the stem, or none.
Aquatic herbs, submerged or nearly so.
Leaves whorled and dissected; style single.
CERATOPHYLLACEAE, 488
Leaves opposite, entire; styles 2; ovary 4-celled.
HALORAGEAE, 180
Not aquatics, herbs.
Ovary 10-celled; berry 10-seeded. PHYTOLACCACEAE, 436
Ovary 3- (rarely 1--2-) celled; juice usually milky.
EUPHORBIACEAE, 451
Ovary 1-celled; juice not milky.
Style, if any, and stigma only one; leaves simple; no scarious
bracts around the flowers. URTICACEAE, 461
Styles 3; embryo straight; flowers involucrate.
Eriogonum, in POLYGONACEAE, 436
Style or stigmas 2 or 3; embryo coiled or curved.
Stipules not scarious, leaves palmately cleft or palmately
compound. Cannabineae, in URTICACEAE, 461
Stipules scarious (or none); leaves opposite.
ILLECEBRACEAE, 426
Stipules none; but flowers with scarious bracts.
AMARANTACEAE, 427
Stipules and scarious bracts none. CHENOPODIACEAE, 430
Shrubs or trees.
Ovules a pair in each cell of the ovary.
Fruit 2-celled, a double samara. Acerineae, in SAPINDACEAE, 115
Fruit a 1-celled and 1-seeded samara or a drupe.
OLEACEAE, 335
Ovules single in each cell of the
Three-nine-celled ovary; leaves heath-like. EMPETRACEAE, 487
Three-celled ovary; leaves broad. RHAMNACEAE, 111
One--two-celled ovary; styles or stigmas 2-cleft.
URTICACEAE, 461
One-celled ovary; style and stigma single and entire.
Anthers opening longitudinally. THYMELAEACEAE, 448
Anthers opening by uplifted valves. LAURACEAE, 446
[B.] _Flowers monoecious or dioecious, one or both sorts in catkins._
[1.] _Only one sort of flowers in catkins or catkin-like heads._