KILPATRICK’S RAID
Kilpatrick’s Raid—Attack on Kilpatrick—Lee’s Mill—Lovejoy’s
Station—The Brigade Demoralized—I Surrender—Playing ’Possum—I
Escape—The Brigade Reassembles—Casualties.
ON the night of August 18 Ross’ brigade was bivouacked a short distance
east of the road leading from Sand Town, on the Chattahoochee River, to
Fairburn, on the West Point Railroad, eighteen miles west of Atlanta,
thence to Jonesboro, on the Macon Railroad, some twenty miles south of
Atlanta. This latter was the only railroad we then had which was of any
material value to us, and we knew that General Sherman was anxious to
destroy it, as an unsuccessful effort in that direction had been made
only a few days previous.
We had a strong picket on the Sand Town and Fairburn road, and, as all
was quiet in front, we “laid us down to sleep,” and, perchance, to
dream—of home, of the independence of the Confederate States, and all
that was most dear to us. It was one of those times of fair promises,
to the weary soldier, of a solid night’s rest, so often and so rudely
broken. Scarcely had we straightened out our weary limbs and folded
our arms to sleep, when we were aroused by the shrill notes of the
bugle sounding “boots and saddles.” Our pickets were being driven in
rapidly, and before we were in our saddles General Judson Kilpatrick,
with a force of five thousand cavalry, with artillery, ambulances,
pack mules and all else that goes to constitute a first-class cavalry
raiding force, had passed our flank and was moving steadily down the
Fairburn road. The Third Texas were directed to move out first and gain
their front, to be followed by the other regiments of the brigade.
For the remainder of the night we moved as best we could down such
roads as we could find parallel to Kilpatrick’s line of march—so near,
in fact, that we could distinctly hear the clatter of their horses’
hoofs, the rumbling of their artillery, and the familiar rattle of
sabers and canteens. Soon after daylight we came in sight of his column
crossing the railroad at Fairburn, charged into it and cut it in two
for the time. They halted, formed a line of battle, and we detained
them in skirmishing until we managed to effect our object,—the gaining
their front,—and during the day, until late in the afternoon, detained
them as much as possible on their march.
Below Fairburn Kilpatrick’s main column took the Jonesboro road, while
a small column took the road leading to Fayetteville, a town about ten
miles west of Jonesboro. Ross’ brigade, continuing in front of the
main column and that of Armstrong, followed the Fayetteville road.
Just before night we passed through Jonesboro, which is ten or twelve
miles from Fairburn, and allowed Kilpatrick to occupy the town for the
night. Ross’ brigade occupied a position south of the town near the
railroad, while Armstrong was west; General Ferguson, whose brigade
was numerically stronger than either of the others, being directed to
go out on a road leading east. As we afterwards learned, they failed
to find their road, or got lost, and, so far as I remember, were not
heard from for a day or two. Thus posted, or intended to be posted, the
understanding and agreement was that we should make a triangular attack
on Kilpatrick at daylight the next morning.
Our brigade moved on time and marched into the town, only to learn
that, with the exception of a few stragglers who had overslept
themselves, not a Federal soldier was to be found. The brigade followed
them eastwardly from Jonesboro, and in due time came up with their
rear-guard at breakfast behind some railworks near Lee’s Mill, and from
this time until along in the afternoon we had a pretty warm time with
their rear. They were moving on a road that intersects the McDonough
and Lovejoy road, and when they struck this road they turned in the
direction of Lovejoy Station.
We finally came up with the main force ensconced behind some heavy
railworks on a hill near a farmhouse a short distance east of the
station. We had to approach them, after leaving the timber, through
a lane probably three-quarters of a mile in length. The farm was
mostly uncultivated, and had been divided into three fields by two
cross-fences, built of rails running at right angles with the lane,
and these were thrown right and left to admit of the free passage of
cavalry. In the eastern cross fence, however, a length some twenty or
thirty yards, and but a few rails high, was left standing, when a ditch
or ravine running along on the west side was too deep to be safely
crossed by cavalry. In this lane the command dismounted, leaving the
horses in the hands of holders, and deployed in line in the open field,
to the left or south side of the lane, and a section of Croft’s Georgia
battery was placed on an elevation to the right of the lane.
I had been sent back to Lee’s Mill to hurry up a detail left to bury
one of our dead, so was behind when the line was formed. Having, on
the day we fought McCook, picked up a mule for my boy Jake to ride, I
now had him leading my horse to rest his back, while I rode the mule.
I rode up and gave my rein to a horse-holder, and was hurrying on to
join the line when they charged the railworks, and when I got up with
them they had begun to fall back. The brigade, not having more than
four hundred men for duty, was little more than a skirmish line. During
the day General Hood had managed to place General Reynolds’ Arkansas
brigade at Lovejoy Station, which fact Kilpatrick had discovered,
and while we were showing our weakness in an open field on one side,
General Reynolds managed to keep his men under cover of timber on the
other. Thus Kilpatrick found himself between an unknown infantry force
in front and a skirmish-line of dismounted cavalry and a section of
artillery in his rear. He concluded to get out of this situation—and
he succeeded. Being repulsed in the charge on the railworks, by a
heavy fire of artillery and small arms, we fell back and re-formed our
line behind the first cross fence. Three regiments of the enemy then
rapidly moved out from behind their works, the Fourth United States,
Fourth Michigan, and Seventh Pennsylvania, and charged with sabers,
in columns of fours, the three columns abreast. As they came on us at
a sweeping gallop, with their bright sabers glittering, it was a grand
display. And Ross’ brigade was there and then literally run over,
trampled under foot, and, apparently annihilated. Just before the
charge they had shelled our horses in the lane, which, consequently,
had been moved back into the timber.
What could we do under the circumstances? If we had had time to hold
a council of war and had deliberated over the matter ever so long,
we would probably have acted just as we did; that is, acted upon the
instinct of self-preservation, rather than upon judgment. No order
was heard; not a word spoken; every officer and every man took in
the whole situation at a glance: no one asked or gave advice: no one
waited for orders. The line was maintained intact for a few seconds,
the men emptying their pieces at the heads of the columns. This
created a momentary flutter without checking their speed, and on they
came in fine style. There was no time for reloading, and every one
instinctively started for the horses a mile in the rear, a half mile
of open field behind us, and all of us much fatigued with the active
duties performed on the sultry summer day. Being very much fatigued
myself and never being fleet of foot, I outran only two men in the
brigade, Lieutenant W. H. Carr, of Company C, and W. S. Coleman, of
Company A, of the Third Texas, who were both captured, and I kept up
with only two others, Captain Noble and Lieutenant Soap, also of the
Third Texas. We three came to the ravine already described, at the same
instant. Soap dropped into it, Noble jumped over and squatted in the
sage grass in the corner of the fence. I instantly leaped the ravine
and the rail fence, and had gone perhaps ten or fifteen steps when the
clatter of horses’ hoofs became painfully distinct, and “Surrender,
sir!” rang in my ear like thunder.
Now, I had had no thought of the necessity of surrendering, as I had
fondly hoped and believed I would escape. Halting, I looked up to
ascertain whether these words were addressed to me, and instantly
discovered that the column directly in my wake was dividing, two and
two, to cross the ravine, coming together again just in front of me,
so that I was completely surrounded. This _was_ an emergency. As I
looked up my eyes met those of a stalwart rider as he stood up in his
stirrups, his drawn saber glittering just over my head; and, as I
hesitated, he added in a kind tone: “That’s all I ask of you, sir.” I
had a rifle in my hand which had belonged to one of our men who had
been killed near me during the day. Without speaking a word, I dropped
this on the ground in token of my assent. “All right,” said he, as he
spurred his horse to overtake some of the other men.
Just at this time our artillery began throwing shells across the
charging columns, and the first one exploded immediately above our
heads, the pieces falling promiscuously around in my neighborhood,
creating some consternation in their ranks. Taking advantage of this,
I placed my left hand above my hip, as if struck, and fell as long a
fall as I could towards the center of the little space between the
columns, imitating as best I could the action of a mortally wounded
man,—carefully falling on my right side to hide my pistol, which I
still had on. Here I lay, as dead to all outward appearances as any
soldier that fell during the war, and remained in this position without
moving a muscle, until the field was clear of all of Kilpatrick’s
men who were able to leave it. To play the rôle of a dead man for a
couple of hours and then make my escape may sound like a joke to the
inexperienced, and it was really a practical joke on the raiders;
but to me, to lie thus exposed on the bare ground, with a column of
hostile cavalry passing on either side all the time, and so near me
that I could distinctly hear any ordinary conversation, was far from
enjoyable. I am no stranger to the hardships of a soldier’s life; I
have endured the coldest weather with scant clothing, marched day after
day and night after night without food or sleep; have been exposed
to cold, hunger, inclement weather and fatigue until the power of
endurance was well-nigh exhausted, but never did I find anything quite
so tedious and trying as playing dead. I had no idea of time, except
that I knew that I had not lain there all night. The first shell our
men threw after I fell came near killing me, as a large piece plowed
up the ground near enough to my back to throw dirt all over me. Their
ammunition, however, was soon exhausted, the guns abandoned, and that
danger at an end.
As things grew more quiet the awful fear seized me that my ruse would
be discovered and I be abused for my deception, and driven up and
carried to prison. This fear haunted me until the last. Now, to add
to the discomfort of my situation, it began to rain, and never in my
life had I felt such a rain. When in my fall I struck the ground my
hat had dropped off, and this terrible rain beat down in my face until
the flesh was sore. But to move an arm or leg, or to turn my face over
for protection was to give my case completely away, and involved,
as I felt, the humiliation of a prison life; than which nothing in
the bounds of probability in my life as a Confederate soldier was so
horrible, in which there was but one grain of consolation, and that was
that I would see my brother and other friends who had been on Johnson’s
Island for some months.
The last danger encountered was when some dismounted men came near
driving some pack mules over me. Finally everything became so quiet
that I ventured to raise my head, very slowly and cautiously at first,
and as not a man could be seen I finally rose to my feet. Walking up to
a wounded Pennsylvania cavalryman I held a short conversation with him.
Surveying the now deserted field, so lately the scene of such activity,
and supposing as I did that Ross’ brigade as an organization was broken
up and destroyed, I was much distressed. I was left alone and afoot,
and never expected to see my horse or mule any more, which in fact I
never did, as Kilpatrick’s cavalry, after charging through the field,
had turned into the road and stampeded our horses.
I now started out over the field in the hope of picking up enough
plunder to fit myself for service in some portion of the army. In
this I succeeded beyond my expectation, as I found a pretty good,
completely rigged horse, only slightly wounded, and a pack-mule with
pack intact, and I soon loaded the mule well with saddles, bridles,
halters, blankets, and oil cloths. Among other things I picked up a
Sharp’s carbine, which I recognized as belonging to a messmate. While I
was casting about in my mind as to what command I would join, I heard
the brigade bugle sounding the assembly! Sweeter music never was heard
by me. Mounting my newly-acquired horse and leading my pack-mule, I
proceeded in the direction from which the bugle notes came, and on
the highest elevation in the field, on the opposite side of the lane,
I found General Ross and the bugler. I told my experience, and heard
our gallant brigadier’s laughable story of his escape. I sat on my
new horse and looked over the field as the bugle continued to sound
the assembly occasionally, and was rejoiced to see so many of our men
straggling in from different directions, coming apparently out of the
ground, some of them bringing up prisoners, one of whom was so drunk
that he didn’t know he was a prisoner until the next morning.
Near night we went into camp with the remnant collected, and the men
continued coming in during the night and during all the next day. To
say that we were crestfallen and heartily ashamed of being run over
is to put it mildly; but we were not so badly damaged, after all. The
horse-holders, when the horses stampeded, had turned as many as they
could out of the road and saved them. But as for me, I had suffered
almost a total loss, including the fine sword that John B. Long had
presented me at Thompson’s Station, and which I had tied on my saddle.
My faithful Jake came in next morning, and although he could not save
my horse, he had saved himself, his little McCook mule and some of my
soldier clothes. My pack-mule and surplus rigging I now distributed
among those who seemed to need them most.
Including officers, we had eighty-four or eighty-five men captured, and
only sixteen or eighteen of these were carried to Northern prisons.
Among them were seven officers, including my friend Captain Noble, who
was carried to Johnson’s Island, and messed with my brother until the
close of the war. Captain Noble had an eye for resemblances. When he
first saw my brother he walked up to him and said, “I never saw you
before, but I will bet your name is Barron, and I know your brother
well.” The other prisoners who escaped that night and returned to us
next day included my friend Lieutenant Soap, who brought in a prisoner,
and Luther Grimes, owner of the Sharp’s carbine, already mentioned, who
had an ugly saber wound in the head. I remember only two men of the
Third Texas who were killed during the day—William Kellum of Company
C, near Lee’s Mill; and John Hendricks, of Company B, in the charge on
the railworks. These two men had managed to keep on details from one
to two years, being brought to the front under orders to cut down all
details to increase the fighting strength, and they were both killed on
the field the first day they were under the enemy’s fire.
Among the wounded was Captain S. S. Johnson, of Company K, Third Texas,
gunshot wound, while a number of the men were pretty badly hacked with
sabers. Next day General Ross went up to General Hood’s headquarters
and said to him: “General, I got my brigade run over yesterday.”
General Hood replied, “General Ross, you have lost nothing by that,
sir. If others who should have been there had been near enough to the
enemy to be run over, your men would not have been run over.” This
greatly relieved our feelings, and the matter became only an incident
of the campaign, and on the 22d day of August Ross’ brigade was back in
its position ready for duty.