=2. Celtis pùmila= (Muhlenberg) Pursh. Dwarf Hackberry. Plate 62. Bark
thin, smooth and gray on shrub-like forms, warty or deeply fissured on
the larger forms; ridges flat and broken, dark gray-brown; twigs at
first hairy, becoming smooth or nearly so by autumn; leaves of an ovate
type, broadly-ovate, oblong-ovate to narrow ovate, on petioles 0.5-1.5
cm. long, blades of fruiting branchlets 3-10 cm. long, those of sterile
twigs sometimes larger, oblique, rounded or somewhat cordate at the
base, taper-pointed, sometimes acuminate at the apex, margins entire or
with a few teeth usually about or above the middle, becoming thick and
smooth above at maturity, sometimes rough, especially on vigorous
shoots, generally somewhat pubescent along the veins beneath; fruit
matures late in the autumn, usually an orange or light cherry color late
in summer, becoming a very dark cherry color late in the autumn, globose
to ellipsoidal, on pedicels about as long as the petioles; sometimes the
pedicels are shorter but usually about one-half longer; pedicels
generally ascending, rarely recurved, when recurved the pedicels are
short.
=Distribution.=--Pennsylvania to northern Illinois, south to Florida and
west to Arkansas. Local in Indiana. It has been collected by the writer
in Lake County near the mouth of the Grand Calumet River where it was
collected by E. J. Hill who has given us the most detailed account of
this species.[46] Also collected on a high, gravelly hill on the east
side of Hog-back Lake, Steuben County; on a rocky wooded slope in
Hamar's Hollow southeast of Mitchell in Lawrence County; on a "knob" in
Floyd County; on a rocky wooded slope near Big Spring in Washington
County; frequent on a rocky wooded slope near the Ohio River east of
Elizabeth in Harrison County; on the bank of Blue River near Milltown in
Crawford County; and in Perry County along the bluffs of the Ohio River
about six miles east of Cannelton, and also on the crest of a ridge
about six miles southwest of Derby. It has also been reported by
Nieuwland for Clark in Marshall County.
=Remarks.=--This species is usually a small shrub, and usually bears
fruit when only 1.5-2 meters (5 or 6 feet) tall. Only a few trees have
been seen that were 40 cm. (4 inches) in diameter. The small size at
which this species fruits, easily distinguishes it from other species in
our area. Its habitat also serves to distinguish it. Along Lake Michigan
it grows on the dry sand dunes, and in southern Indiana it grows on dry
rocky slopes.
Sargent who has examined all of my specimens credits Indiana with the
typical species, and separates from it a form which he calls _Celtis
pumila_ variety _Deamii_[47]. This variety is based upon my No. 18,727,
and the type specimen has been photographed to illustrate this species.
The writer is not able to separate the two forms in our area, and
believes that all belong either to _Celtis pumila_ or to the new
variety.
=3. Celtis mississippiénsis= Bosc. (_Celtis laevigata_ Willdenow).
Sugarberry. Hackberry. Plate 63. Medium sized trees with the bark of the
trunk of large trees irregularly covered with wart-like excrescences,
rarely somewhat irregularly fissured, bark of the upper part of trunk
and larger branches resembling that of the beech; leaves of an
ovate-lanceolate type, as a whole narrower than the preceding species;
on petioles 5-12 mm. long, blades of fruiting twigs 4-8 cm. long,
usually rounded at the base, sometimes oblique, slightly cordate or
somewhat narrowed at the base, usually gradually long-taper pointed at
apex, margins generally entire, rarely a few teeth toward the apex,
green on both surfaces, generally mature leaves are smooth above and
below, more rarely somewhat rough above, and with some pubescence along
the veins beneath; fruit in late summer an orange red color, gradually
becoming darker until late autumn when it becomes red; pedicels shorter
or longer than the petioles, usually slightly longer and ascending,
fruit nearly globose, a trifle smaller than the preceding, and about
two-thirds as large as the first.
=Distribution.=--Virginia, southern Indiana, Missouri, eastern Kansas,
south to the Gulf States and west to Texas. In Indiana it is confined to
the southwestern counties. It is now known to definitely occur in
Sullivan, Gibson, Posey, Warrick and Spencer Counties. Two trees were
noted also, in the Muscatatuck bottoms near Delany Creek in Washington
County. A "single bush about eight feet high" was reported from
Jefferson County by Young. This may have been the preceding species. It
was also reported by Haymond from Franklin County.
=Remarks.=--With one exception all the specimens of this species have
been found in very low ground. Usually it is associated with such low
ground species as pecan, sweet gum, swell-butt ash, and the cane. One
very peculiar specimen was found on the crest of a ridge about seven
miles north of Salem in Washington County. It was a tree about fifteen
feet tall, and had very narrow entire leaves.
=MORÀCEAE.= The Mulberry Family.
Trees or shrubs with a milky sap; leaves simple, alternate, petioled,
3-5 nerved at the base; fruit fleshy.
Branches without spines; leaves serrate; pistillate
flowers in spikes 1 Morus.
Branches with spines; leaves entire; pistillate flowers
in heads. 2 Maclura.
[Illustration: Plate 63.