Chapter 20. On the first division of music which is called

_harmonica_.

1. The first division of music, which is called _harmonica_, that is,

modulation of the voice, has to do with comedians, tragedians, and

choruses, and all who sing with the proper voice.[260] This [coming]

from the spirit and the body makes motion, and out of motion, sound,

out of which music is formed, which is called in man the voice.

[260] _Qui voce propria canunt._

2. _Harmonica_ is the modulation of the voice and the concord or

fitting together of very many sounds.

3. _Symphonia_ is the managing of modulation so that high and

low tones accord, whether in the voice or in wind or stringed

instruments. Through this, higher and lower voices harmonize, so that

whoever makes a dissonance from it offends the sense of hearing.

The opposite of this is _diaphonia_, that is, voices grating on one

another or in dissonance.

7. _Tonus_ is a high utterance of voice. For it is a difference and

measure of harmony which depends on the stress and pitch of the

voice. Musicians have divided its kinds into fifteen parts, of which

the hyperlydian is the last and highest, the hypodorian the lowest of

all.

8. Song is the modulation of the voice, for sound is unmodulated, and

sound precedes song.

An encyclopedist of the dark ages: Isidore of Seville · 第 18 / 63 章