1531. Aguirre, Pedro de Toledo.
1515. Aleman, Mateo Sevilla.
---- Aleman, Nicolas Sevilla.
1596. Alfaro, Francisco Sevilla.
1539. Alonso, Juan Toledo.
1552. Alvarez, Baltasar Palencia.
1568. Alvarez, Francisco Madrid.
1531. Alvarez, Juan Granada.
1560. Alvarez, Juan Madrid.
1538. Alvear, Juan de Burgos.
---- Alvear, Nicolas de Burgos.
1520 to } Andino, Cristoval de Burgos.
1521. }
---- Angel, Pedro Toledo.
1565. Anrique, Joan Toledo.
1570. Avila, Alonso de Toledo.
1567. Avila Cimbron, Diego de Toledo.
1544. Arfe, Antonio de Leon.
1595. Arfe y Villafañe, Juan de Sevilla.
1506 to } Arphe, Enrique de Leon.
1525. }
1531. Baeza, Francisco de Granada.
---- Baeza, Juan Granada.
1580. Ballesteros, Fernando de Sevilla.
1560. Baptista, Juan Toledo.
1584 to } Baroxa, Gregorio de Toledo.
1601. }
1534. Becerril, Alonso Cuenca.
1575. Becerril, Cristoval Cuenca.
1552. Becerril, Francisco Cuenca.
1590. Belta, Hanz Madrid.
Belthae, V.--see Hanz Belthae
1582. Benavente, Juan de Palencia.
1546. Benavente, Pedro de Toledo.
1556. Borgoñes, Juan Toledo.
1538. Buentalante, Alonso de Granada.
1586. Camps, Bernat Barcelona.
1547 to } Carrion, Hernando Toledo.
1561. }
1556. Carrion, Fernando Toledo.
1586. Castro, Juan de Madrid.
1531. Castro, Luis de Granada.
1505. Cetina, Bernardo Juan Valencia.
1546. Comes, Gabriel Barcelona.
1553. Conill, Antonio Barcelona.
1531. Cordova, Anton de Granada.
Cordova, Juan de Granada.
1514. Cota, Martin Toledo.
1567. Davila Cimbron, Diego Toledo.
1558. Davila, Diego Toledo.
1593. Diaz, Francisco Toledo.
1526. Diaz, Hernando Toledo.
1586. Dominguez, Juan Madrid.
1513. Donanti, Juan Sevilla.
1564 to } Dueñas, Alonso de Salamanca.
1598. }
1531. Dueñas, Juan de Granada.
1537. Escripian, Luis Toledo.
1531. Fernandez, Diego Granada.
1554. Fernandez, Manuel Sevilla.
1567 to } Fernandez, Marcos Toledo.
1593. }
---- Fernandez del Moral Madrid.
1531. Flores, Diego Granada.
1572. Font, Joan Barcelona.
1555. Francés, Juan Toledo.
1561 to } Gallego, Miguel Toledo.
1590. }
1531. Garcia, Thome Granada.
1561. Gallo, Gaspar Toledo.
1555. Goden, Juan Toledo.
1509. Gomez, Heros de Valencia.
1573. Gomez, Baltasar
1574. Gonzalez, Pedro Uveda.
1513. Gueran, Ferrer Barcelona.
1531. Hermosilla, Bartolomé de Granada.
1567. Hernandez, Gonzalo Toledo.
1531. Hernandez, Luis Granada.
1567. Hernandez, Marcos Toledo.
1524 to } Hernandez, Pedro Toledo.
1544. }
1531. Herrera, Gonzalo de Granada.
1524. Herreros y Manzanas Toledo.
1585 to } Hanz, Belthae Madrid.
1587. }
1582 to } Honrado, Julian Toledo.
1599. }
1531. Jaen, Fernando de Granada.
1562 to } Lainez, Juan Bautista Madrid.
1573. }
1524. Laynez, Rodrigo Toledo.
1559. Leon, Leoni Madrid.
1597. Leoni, Miguel Madrid.
1531. Lopez, Francisco Granada.
1548 to } Lopez, Juan Toledo.
1570. }
1530. Lopez de Leon, Juan Toledo.
1508. Madrid, Pedro de Toledo.
1531. Mar, Alonso de la Granada.
1588 to } Marques, Lorenzo Toledo.
1614. }
1522. Marquez, Cristoval Toledo.
1531. Martinez, Pero Granada.
1544 to } Martinez, Francisco Toledo.
1547. }
1553. Mas, Miguel Barcelona.
1534. Masanell, Joan Barcelona.
1517. Mayquez, Diego Toledo.
1500 to } Medina, Pedro de Toledo.
1515. }
1538. Mendoza, Alonso de Granada.
---- Mendoza, Blas de Granada.
---- Mendoza, Diego de Burgos.
1564 to } Merino, Francisco Toledo.
1601. }
1579 to } Montoya, Alejo de Toledo.
1586. }
1598. Morales, Luis Madrid.
1592. Morales, Tomas Toledo.
1515 to } Moran Toledo.
1517. }
1556. Moran, Pedro Fernandez de Burgos.
1561. Morel, Thomas du (an Englishman) Toledo.
1574 to } Montoya, Alexo Toledo.
1590. }
1573. Muñoz, Alonso Toledo.
1598. Muñoz, Antonio Madrid.
1573. Niebre, Matias de, a native of Burgundy,
living at Toledo.
1512. Nuñez, Alonso Toledo.
1531. Nuñez, Francisco Granada.
1532 to } Oña, Antonio de Burgos.
1560. }
1531. Oñate, Juan de Granada.
1537 to } Ordoñez, Andres Toledo.
1546 }
1507 to } Ordoñez, Pedro Toledo.
1510 }
1537 to} Orna, Juan de Burgos.
1528.
1581. Ortiz, Pedro Madrid.
1529 to } Oviedo, Diego de Toledo.
1546. }
1586. Pan, Juan Barcelona.
1594. Pardo, Martin Escorial.
1534. Parra, Juan de la Toledo.
1577. Pastrana, Luis de Madrid.
1595. Pedraza, Diego de Estremadura.
1593. Pedraza, Esteban
1559. Perez, Francisco Barcelona.
1598. Perez, Pedro Madrid.
1535. Pierres, a Frenchman, residing at Toledo.
1587. Poch, Pero Juan Barcelona.
1568. Poggini, Juan Pablo Madrid.
1532. Pons, Pere Barcelona.
1574. Portigniani, Juan Bautista Toledo.
1541 to } Ramirez, Pedro Toledo.
1554. }
1590. Reynalte, Francisco de Madrid.
---- Reynalte, Juan de Madrid.
---- Reynalte, Pedro de Madrid.
1590. Reynalte, Rodrigo de Madrid.
1531. Rivera, Diego Lopez de Granada.
1590. Rodriguez Bermudez, Gonzalo {Madrid and
{ Toledo.
1557 to } Rodriguez de Babia, Juan Toledo.
1586. }
1596. Rodriguez del Castillo, Melchor Segovia.
1551. Rodriguez, Duarte Toledo.
1568. Rodriguez Machado, Juan Toledo.
1567. Ros, Felipe Barcelona.
1537. Rozas, Gregorio de Burgos.
1538. Rozas, Jeronimo de Burgos.
1584 to } Ruiz, Diego Toledo.
1590. }
1531. Ruiz, Jeronimo Granada.
1524. Ruiz, Julian, lapidary Toledo.
1590. Ruiz, Juan Toledo.
---- Ruiz, Juan, el Vandolino {Sevilla, Jaen
{and Cordova.
1545. Sabat, Benedicti Barcelona.
1566. Salamanca, Antonio de Madrid.
1590. Sanchez, Andres Toledo.
1522. San Roman, Pedro de Toledo.
1531. Sevilla, Hernando de Granada.
1524. Sigüenza, Pedro de Sevilla.
1595. Tamarit, Andreu Barcelona.
1590. Tello de Moreta Toledo.
1554. Toto Madrid.
---- Trezzo, Jacome de, an Italian, who worked at Madrid.
1589. Trezzo, a nephew of Jacome Madrid.
1590. Urbano, Juan Cordova.
1580. Usatigni, Juan Alonso Madrid.
1537. Valdes, Antonio de Barcelona.
1589. Valdes, Lucas Cordova.
1564 to } Valdivieso, Diego de Toledo.
1598. }
1593. Valdivieso, Lucas de Burgos.
1575. Valla, Narcisco Barcelona.
1548. Valladolid, Juan de Toledo.
1566. Valle, Antonio del Madrid.
1524. Valles, Hernando de Toledo.
1512. Vargas, Gutierre de Toledo.
1563. Vazquez, Baptista Toledo.
1512 to } Vazquez, Diego Toledo.
1543. }
1558. Velasco Toledo.
1580. Velez Toledo.
1569. Vergara, Nicolas de Toledo.
1546. Vicente, Mateo, lapidary Toledo.
1561. Vida, Francisco Barcelona.
1534. Villagran, Juan de Toledo.
1590. Villanueva, Juan Domingo de Toledo.
1552. Villaseca, Alexo Toledo.
1538. Vitoria, Francisco de Granada.
1538. Vitoria, Juan de Granada.
1528. Vozmediano, Diego de Sevilla.
1536. Vozmediano, Juan de Sevilla.
1561. Ximenez, Juan Barcelona.
1537. Ximenis, Rafael Barcelona.
1599. Zepes, Bartolomé de Toledo.
17TH CENTURY
1618 to } Adeba, Jusepe Madrid.
1627. }
1677. Alcario, Francisco de Sevilla.
1664. Aleman, Juan Toledo.
1623. Alonso, Jeronimo Madrid.
1676 to } Alonso de Prado, Pedro Burgos.
1714. }
1622. Alvarado, Ambrosio de Madrid.
1635. Alvarez Brizuela, Blas Madrid.
---- Alvarez, Blas Madrid.
1636. Alvarez de Peralta, Pedro Madrid.
Alvear, Andres Burgos.
1640. Alvear, Juan de Burgos.
1617. Alvear, Juan de Madrid.
1691. Arandas, Gaspar Tarragona.
---- Arfe, Joseph, a grandson of Juan de Arfe Sevilla.
1613. Avalos, Diego de Madrid.
1604. Avendaño de Tudela, Luis Madrid.
1677. Avila, Agustin de Sevilla.
1620. Barinci, Juan Bautista Escorial.
1624. Baraona, Antonio Madrid.
1638. Barona, Pedro Barcelona.
---- Bellicis, V. Bardi
1650. Bardi, Bellicis Barcelona.
1604. Belta, Pedro Madrid.
1602. Benavente, Pedro Toledo.
1645. Belorado, Antonio de Burgos.
1630. Bonino, Pedro Madrid.
1616. Bracho, Alexandro Toledo.
1628. Brizuela, Gaspar Miguel de Madrid.
1622. Calvo, Juan Madrid.
1626. Camanyes or Comanes, Aloy Tortosa.
1650. Campo, Juan del Burgos.
1646. Campo, Juan de Madrid.
1643 to } Carcaba, Felipa, the wife of
1664. } Andres Salinas, worked at Toledo.
1621. Carranza Alvear, Juan de Madrid.
1622. Carranza, Martin de Madrid.
1615. Castro, Juan Madrid.
1651 to } Ciga, Miguel de Burgos.
1670. }
1646. Comañes, Aloy Tortosa.
1668. Concepcion, Friar Juan de la Escorial.
---- Cruz, Friar Eugenio de la Escorial.
1620. Cuello, Amaro Madrid.
1661. Dandez, Agustin Barcelona.
1623. Delgado Maldonado, Miguel Madrid.
1660. Diaz, Juan Segovia.
1619. Dominguez, Luis Madrid.
1613. Duarte, Cristoval de Madrid.
1671. Duran, Juan Toledo.
1613 to } Duran, Jusepe Madrid.
1624. }
1664. Ebrart, Pedro Toledo.
1660. Elizes, Alonso de Toledo.
1642. Espinosa, Juan de Madrid.
1640. Espluga, Tomas Barcelona.
---- Estrada, Manuel de Sevilla.
1624. Estrada, Sebastian Madrid.
1655 to } Faneli, Virgilio Toledo.
1678. }
1630. Franconio, Juan Bautista Sevilla.
1657. Fernandez, Andres Burgos.
1679 to } Fernandez, Gamonal Joseph Toledo.
1694. }
1631. Fernandez de Angulo, Miguel Madrid.
1612. Fernandez de Castro, Juan Madrid.
1618. Fernandez, Martin Madrid.
1627. Fernandez de Tapia, Andres Madrid.
---- Fernandez de Tapia, Juan Madrid.
1667 to } Fortuna, Juan de Toledo.
1670. }
1629. Gallo, Alonso Madrid.
1615. Gamonar, Mathieu de Madrid.
1600 to } Garcia, Alonso Toledo.
1635. }
1622. Garcia, Diego Madrid.
1618. Garcia, Francisco Madrid.
1613. Garcia, Martin Madrid.
1600. Garrido, Gaspar Madrid.
1620. Generino, Francisco Escorial.
1610. Gomez, Antonio Madrid.
---- Gomez, Diego Madrid.
1626. Gomez, Juan Madrid.
1610. Gomez, Marcelo Madrid.
1615. Gonzales, Gonzalo Madrid.
1613. Gonzales, Enrique Madrid.
1634. Gonzales, Francisco Madrid.
1630 to } Gonzales, Pascual Madrid.
1640. }
1654. Gonzales, Rafael Segovia.
1607. Guardia, Melchor, a native of Milan Barcelona.
1679. Güergo, Domingo de Burgos.
1639. Guigelmo, Eugenio Madrid.
1627 to } Guigelmo, Juan Madrid.
1634. }
1618. Heredia, Juan de Madrid.
---- Heredia, Sebastian Madrid.
1631. Hurtado, Luis Madrid.
1694 to } Jaranta, Juan de Toledo.
1698. }
1650. Landeras, Jeronimo de Burgos.
1611. Leal, Sebastian Madrid.
1606. Leoni, Pompeyo Madrid.
1620. Lopez, Domingo Madrid.
1639. Lopez, Francisco Madrid.
1611. Lopez de Alvarado, Antonio Madrid.
1676. Lopez Barona, Andres Burgos.
1617. Lorenzo, Juan Valladolid.
1638 to } Maestre, Luis Toledo.
1646. }
1611. Marisanz, Pedro Madrid.
1653. Martinez, Juan Burgos.
1673. Mata, Francisco de Burgos.
1677. Mata, Pedro de Burgos.
1686. Mayares, Miguel Madrid.
1614 to } Maymó, Bernardo Tarragona.
1625. }
1639. Medina, Juan Bautista de Madrid.
1628. Medina Requexo, Bautista de Madrid.
1641. Mendez, Duarte Madrid.
1614. Mexia, Juan Madrid.
1604. Mimbreño, Alonso Roman Madrid.
1641. Miñano, Juan de Madrid.
1626. Miranda, Alonso de Madrid.
1611. Moles, Juan Madrid.
1639. Montero, Francisco Madrid.
1630. Morales, Francisco Madrid.
---- Morales, Manuel de Madrid.
1695. Muñoz, Juan Madrid.
1661. Nadal, Andres Barcelona.
1620. Nadal, Martin Madrid.
1621 to } Navarrete Escarraman, Bartolomé de Madrid.
1629. }
1613 to } Navarro, Cristoval Toledo.
1623. }
1624 to } Navarro, Manuel Madrid.
1628. }
1626. Nuñez, Antonio Madrid.
1630. Oliva, Gregorio de Madrid.
1650 to } Ortiz de la Revilla, Juan Madrid.
1675. }
1615. Oviedo, Martin de Madrid.
1619. Oviedo, Pedro de Madrid.
1611. Paiba, Vicente de Madrid.
1665. Palomo, Diego Toledo.
1640. Pallares, Juan de Madrid.
1628. Pancorvo, Cristoval de Madrid.
1624. Paradiñas, Andres de Madrid.
1659. Pedraza, Bernardo de Toledo.
1632. Perez, Alonso Madrid.
1652 to } Perez, Antonio Toledo.
1658. }
1680. Perez de Montalto, Antonio Toledo.
1685 to } Perez de Montalto, Miguel Toledo.
1688. }
1630. Puig, Luis alencia.
1627. Quero, Juan de Madrid.
1632. Quixano, Marcos Madrid.
1617. Ramirez, Agustin Madrid.
1627. Ramos, Juan Madrid.
1628. Reynalte, Juan Madrid.
1660. Riba, Manuel de Toledo.
1624. Ribera, Martin de Madrid.
1617. Rios, Esteban de Madrid.
1626 to } Roda, Agustin ortosa.
1646. }
1626. Rodriguez, Bartolomé Madrid.
1631. Rodriguez, Eugenio Toledo.
1645. Rodriguez, Gabriel Madrid.
1618. Rodriguez, Diego Madrid.
1613. Rodriguez, Jeronimo Madrid.
1617. Rodriguez, Juan Madrid.
---- Rodriguez Bermudez, Gonzalo Madrid.
1623. Romano Valmaseda, Juan Madrid.
1607 to } Ros, Pedro Barcelona.
1625. }
1617. Rosales, Francisco de Madrid.
1611. Ruiz, Eugenio Madrid.
---- Ruiz, Juan Bautista Madrid.
---- Ruiz de Valdevieso Burgos.
1675. Ruiz de Velasco, Juan Burgos.
1684. Salazar, Francisco Burgos.
1604 to } Salinas, Andres de {Toledo and
1635. } {Madrid.
1639 to} Salinas, Francisco de Toledo.
1670. }
1639 to } Salinas, Vicente de Toledo.
1680. }
1616. Sanchez, Francisco Toledo.
1659 to } Sanchez Ormachea, Pedro Toledo.
1661. }
1614. San Martin, Juan de Toledo.
1610 to } Santillana, Antonio de Madrid.
1617. }
1642. Santo Domingo, Hipolito Madrid.
1653. San Vicente, Jacinto de Burgos.
1640. Sarabia, Cristoval de Sevilla.
1668. Segura, Juan de Sevilla.
1632. Serrano, Francisco Madrid.
1640. Soler, Baltasar Madrid.
1629. Soria, Francisco Madrid.
1608. Soria, Jeronimo de Madrid.
1617. Soria, Lucas de Madrid.
1620. Spagna, Juliano Madrid.
1694. Scase, Gaspar Sevilla.
1662. Suer, or Sueur, Esteban, a Frenchman who
worked at Toledo.
1671. Tellez, Juan Toledo.
---- Tebres, Antonio Toledo.
1677. Tello, Mateo, a German, worked at Sevilla.
1617. Tofino, Alonso Madrid.
1618 to } Valera, Domingo de Madrid.
1623. }
1619. Valedomar, Angel de Madrid.
1626. Valle, Juan del Madrid.
---- Valmaseda, V. Juan Romano ----
1624. Vega, Juan de Madrid.
1672. Velasco Ganado, Pedro Toledo.
1625. Velasquez, Juan Madrid.
1627. Villalta, Antonio Madrid.
1600 to } Villamayor, Baltasar Toledo.
1626. }
1638. Villarago, J. Barcelona.
1622. Villarroel, Andres de Madrid.
1614. Villegas, Martin de Toledo.
1645. Vivanco, Simon Madrid.
1615. Xabier, Antonio Madrid.
1610. Zabalza, Diego de Madrid.
1615 to } Zaldivia, Lucas de Burgos.
1633. }
---- Zoga, Miguel de ----
18TH CENTURY
1746. Aguilar, Geronimo Cordova.
1794. Alamo, Bernardo de Toledo.
1703. Aragon, Diego de Segovia.
1716. Aranda, Alberto Madrid.
1746. Aviles, Manuel de Cordova.
End of } Balmet, Bartolomé Madrid.
18th cent. }
1740. Ballestero, Manuel Cordova.
1730 to } Bargas, Manuel de Toledo.
1752. }
1702. Bargas, Mateo de Toledo.
1739. Bargas y Machuca, Manuel de Toledo.
1789 to } Bargas Machuca, Manuel Timoteo Madrid.
1797. }
1753. Bautista, Vicente Toledo.
18th cent. Benitez, Pedro Salamanca.
End of } Buenafuente, Tomas Madrid.
18th cent. }
1746. Bustamante, Franco Cordova.
1734. Bustos, Floro de Sevilla.
1784. Calzado, José, enameller Malaga.
1746. Camacho, Lorenzo Cordova.
1746. Camacho, Rafael Cordova.
1713. Campo, Matias del Soria.
1734. Castillo, Matias del Aranda del Duero.
1746. Castro, Damian de Cordova.
1748. Castro, Diego Toledo.
18th cent. Chevalier, Luis Claudio, a Frenchman, residing at Madrid.
1728. Colomes, Pedro, worked at the mounts of silver
knives made at Alcora.
End of } Conde, Domingo Madrid.
18th cent. }
1754. Cros, Josef Valencia.
---- Cuerda, Feliz de la Toledo.
1738 to } Cuerda, Jose de la Toledo.
1745. }
1722 to } Dominguez, Juan Antonio Toledo.
1748. }
1776. Elosua, Antonio Burgos.
1776. Elosua, Manuel de Burgos.
1790. Fernandez, Pablo Burgos.
18th cent. Fernandez Clemente, Melchor Salamanca.
1741. Fernandez de la Fuente, Antonio Toledo.
1778. Ferroni, Juan Madrid.
1701. Figueroa, Juan Salamanca.
1688. Fornaguera, Buenaventura Barcelona.
1790. Gallardo, Vicente Sevilla.
1710. Gamonal y Guzman, Juan Toledo.
1746. Garcia, Jose Cordova.
1760 to } Garcia Reyna, Manuel Toledo.
1766. }
1753. Garcia Crespo, Manuel Salamanca.
1772. Gaudin, Isaac, a Frenchman, residing at Madrid.
---- Gaudin, Miguel, a Frenchman, residing at Madrid.
1714. Gomez, Pedro Alcala de Henares.
1746. Hidalgo, Gabriel Cordova.
1700 to } Jaranta, Juan de Toledo.
1717. }
1743. Jaranta y Zapata, Juan de Toledo.
1717 to } Jaranta, Lorenzo Toledo.
1732. }
1746. Jurado, Jose Cordova.
1746. Lara, Diego de Cordova.
1790. Lecaroz, Antonio Sevilla.
1745. Lopez, Bernardino Toledo.
1784. Lopez, Manuel Burgos.
1746. Luna, Andres de Cordova.
---- Luque, Juan de Cordova.
1700. Llanos, Manuel de Burgos.
1746. Madueño, Francisco Cordova.
1790. Mairod y Vassner, José Sevilla.
1734. Manrique, Franco Esteban Aranda de Duero.
1784. Marti, Jose Barcelona.
1778. Martinez, Antonio Martinez.
1754. Martinez, Estanislao Valencia.
End of } Martinez, Gregorio Madrid.
18th cent. }
1703. Martinez del Valle, Jose Segovia.
1693. Matons, Juan Tarragona.
End of } Mendeluce, Fermin Navarra.
18th cent. }
End of } Molinez, Francisco Zaragoza.
18th cent. }
1722. Monteman y Cusens, Lorenzo Salamanca.
1746. Moreno, Manuel Cordova.
1725. Muñoz de Amador, Bernardo Madrid.
1746. Muñoz, Francisco Cordova.
---- Navas, Fernando de Cordova.
1784. Nieva, Antonio de Malaga.
1770 to } Niño, Jose Toledo.
1776. }
1767 to } Niño, Jose Bernardo Toledo.
1777. }
End of } Nivel, Juan Madrid.
18th cent. }
End of } Novi, Francisco Madrid.
18th cent. }
1786. Olivares, Fermin Madrid.
1746. Palomino, Jose Sevilla.
1784. Pechenet, Juan Madrid.
1734. Perez de Oviedo, Francisco Granada.
1746. Pineda, Manuel Cordova.
---- Quintero, José
1760 to } Reyna, Manuel Toledo.
1777. }
1743. Reyno, Tomas Toledo.
End of } Roche, Nicholas Madrid.
18th cent. }
1715 to } Rodriguez de Castro, Juan Burgos.
1757. }
1784. Rovira, José Barcelona.
1746. Roxelio, Francisco Cordova.
1791. Ruiz, Donata Burgos.
1746. Ruiz, Juan Cordova.
---- Ruiz, Miguel Cordova.
1777. Ruiz, Pedro Burgos.
1746. Sanchez, Francisco Cordova.
1731. Sanchez Renentes, Tomas Sevilla.
1767 to } Sanchez Niño, Jose Toledo.
1777. }
1731. Sanz, Pedro Sevilla.
18th cent. Sanz de Velasco, Toribio Salamanca.
1700. Simancas, Francisco de Burgos.
1716. Supuesta, Juan Madrid.
1731. Tamaral, Ignacio Sevilla.
1746. Torralvo, Sebastian Cordova.
1755. Torrijos, Lucas de Burgos.
1771. Urqueza, Domingo Madrid.
---- Valadrez Romero, Luis Sevilla.
1746. Vargas, Jose de Cordova.
---- Vega, Pedro de la Cordova.
1754. Vicente, Bautista Valencia.
1728. Vicente, Luis Valencia.
1734. Villa, Andres de Sevilla.
1713 to } Zurreño, Antonio Madrid.
1715. }
1799 to } Ximenez, Manuel Toledo.
1800. }
I owe to the courtesy of Baron Ch. Davillier the names of the following
artists, which appear in his "Histoire des Principaux Orfèvres
Espagnols," Paris, 1879.
Perez de las Cellas, Antonio, a native of Saragossa;
he worked at Rome in 1456
Ruiz, Alonso; he worked at Toledo in 1431
Ferrandez, Garci; he worked at Toledo in 1431
Pielagos, Juan Garcia, Burgos 1442
Fernai, Rodrigo, a Frenchman, who worked at Oviedo in 1368
Bells, Antonio, Barcelona 1458
Closes, Francisco, Barcelona 1464
Rodriguez de Villareal, Lope, Toledo 1466
Sano, Salvador, Barcelona 1475
Zobarola, Francisco, Banet 1480
Jujuce, a Valencian jew, Pamplona 1356
Freset, Perrin, } Frenchmen working at Olite, Navarre, in 1444
Rodez, Conrat de, }
Bonte, Daniel de, a German, working at Olite, in Navarre about 1400
Valdubia, Maestro Ferrando, Rome 1525
Fuente, Gonsalvo de, Rome 1539
Alfonso, Rome 1546
IRON WORK.
Numerous iron mines have existed in Spain, especially in the Cantabrian
provinces, and have been worked from very early times. They are
mentioned by Pliny, lib. 34, cap. xii., and have given rise to the
development of excellent metal works in the Spanish Peninsula: although
in many localities this tradition has been continued until our days, the
Basque Provinces have in all times excelled in this artistic industry.
The want of durability and the little care taken of objects of
iron-work, owing to the insignificant value of the material employed,
prevent us from being able to mention any important examples of a very
early date. After drawing attention to some interesting specimens which
have reached us from the Spanish-Arabs, we must begin the history of
iron-work in Spain in the second half of the 15th century; it continues
to progress in the 16th, and produced undoubtedly at that period works
which were unrivalled in Europe. The _rejas_ or chancel screens
enclosing chapels in the cathedrals of Toledo, Seville, Granada,
Salamanca, and other churches in Spain, of which it is much to be
deplored no drawings or photographs exist, deserve the especial
attention of those who follow this industry in the present day, owing to
the beauty of their forms, and the inexhaustible variety of models which
they present to the manufacturer.
Besides specimens of Iron-work connected with arms which will be
described in a separate article, the most interesting examples of
Moorish manufacture which have reached us are keys of most delicate
tracery; their perfect state of preservation shows that they have only
been used as symbols of cities or fortresses, which on given occasions
were offered to kings or great people. Even in the present day the
ceremony is still kept up of offering a key to the foreign princes who
stay at the royal palace of Madrid, and in a similar manner as far back
as the Middle Ages, keys have been presented to Spanish sovereigns on
their visiting such towns as Toledo or Seville, and a ceremonial is gone
through of swearing to uphold their privileges, a reminiscence probably
of what occurred when these towns were conquered from the Moors.
One of these keys at Valencia, belonging to Count de Trigona, measures
9-1/2 inches long, and was originally gilt; its handle or bow is closed,
and covered with delicate work in relief. The wards are ornamented in
the same manner with a combination of several words written in Cufic
letters of difficult interpretation. Round the handle we can read most
distinctly in Arabic the name of the artist: "It was made by Ahmed
Ahsan."
This key appears to be of the 13th to 14th century. Two similar ones
existed in the town hall of Valencia of a most monumental character;
they were considered of great antiquity, but it has been ascertained
that they were made in 1632, by the locksmith Juan Marti.
In the shrine of the Cathedral of Seville there are two interesting keys
(_see_ woodcut); one of them is of iron, the other of silver, of a
similar style. For further details see "Museo Español de Antiguedades,"
vol. ii., p. I. The first, which is represented to the right, is of
genuine Moorish workmanship; the wards are covered with letters in Cufic
characters, which several oriental scholars have tried to interpret,
without coming to a satisfactory conclusion, probably owing to the
confused, or double meaning of the letters. It is supposed with good
foundation that this was the identical key which was given to King St.
Ferdinand, the conqueror of Seville, in 1248, the day he took possession
of the city. The silver key, to the left of the plate, has traces of
gold and niello work, representing in the upper part, ships, castles and
lions. Round the handle runs an inscription in Hebrew--"The King of
Kings will open; the King of the whole Earth will enter." In the wards
appear in delicate open work carving the following words in Spanish,
"God will open; the king will enter. Dios abrirá; rey entrará." It may
be affirmed to have been made in the 14th century, and in that case,
symbolizes some event of the life of King Pedro the Cruel, a great
protector of the Jewish race. Five Moorish keys of a similar kind, but
inferior merit, may be seen in the local Museum of Segovia, and the
Archæological Museum of Madrid.
[Illustration: MOORISH KEYS IN THE CATHEDRAL OF SEVILLE.]
The objects of iron-work made by the Christian artists of this period in
Spain must have been good, for although no specimens exist, we have at
any rate historical information which confirms this. In the Consistorial
Ordinances of Barcelona, Capmany, "Memoirs," vol. i., we find that
ironsmiths formed an extensive guild in the 13th century; in 1257 four
of its members formed part of the chief municipal council; this guild
increased in importance in the following centuries. The Ordinances of
Seville of the 15th century, which were reformed in 1502, and those of
Toledo, also re-enforced in 1582, give an idea of what was done by
workers in bronze, the methods of workmanship and other details of
interest. The Ordinances of Seville mention _rejas_ made in Biscay, and
give a good idea of the styles adopted by the iron-masters there. The
Ordinances of Granada repeat almost exactly the former prescriptions.