APOCALYPSE, a-pok'al-ips, _n._ the name of the last book of the New
Testament containing the 'revelation' granted to St John: any revelation or
disclosure.--_ns._ APOC'ALYPST, APOC'ALYPT, a revealer of the
future.--_adjs._ APOCALYPT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ APOCALYPT'ICALLY.--_n._
APOCALYPT'IST, the writer of the Apocalypse.--APOCALYPTIC NUMBER, the
mystical number 666, spoken of in the Apocalypse. The best solution of the
riddle is Neron Kesar--Hebrew form of the Latin Nero Cæsar. The vowels _e_
and _a_ are not expressed in the ancient Hebrew writing: accordingly NeRON
KeSaR gives
N R O N K S R
50 + 200 + 6 + 50 + 100 + 60 + 200 = 666.
[Gr.; a revelation, an uncovering--_apo_, from, _kalypt-ein_, to cover.]
APOCARPOUS, ap-o-kär'pus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the carpels distinct. [Gr.
_apo_, from, _karpos_, fruit.]
APOCATASTASIS, a-po-ka-tast'a-sis, _n._ (_theol._) the final restitution of
all things, when at the appearance of the Messiah the kingdom of God shall
be extended over the whole earth--an idea extended by Origen to imply the
final conversion and salvation of all created beings, the devil and his
angels not excepted. [Gr.; _apo-kathistanai_, to set up again.]
APOCOPATE, a-pok'o-p[=a]t, _v.t._ to cut off the last letter or syllable of
a word:--_pr.p._ apoc'op[=a]ting; _pa.p._ apoc'op[=a]ted.--_ns._
APOCOP[=A]'TION; APOCOPE (a-pok'op-[=e]), _n._ the cutting off of the last
letter or syllable of a word. [Gr. _apo_, off, _koptein_, to cut.]
APOCRYPHA, a-pok'rif-a, _n._ as applied to religious writings = (1) those
suitable for the initiated only; (2) those of unknown date and origin; (3)
those which are spurious--the term generally means the fourteen books or
parts of books known as the Apocrypha of the Old Testament--found in the
Septuagint but not the Hebrew or Palestinian canon:--(1) First, or Third,
Esdras; (2) Second, or Fourth, Esdras; (3) Tobit; (4) Judith; (5) the parts
of Esther not found in Hebrew or Chaldee; (6) The Wisdom of Solomon; (7)
The Wisdom of Jesus, the son of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus; (8) Baruch; (9)
The Song of the Three Holy Children; (10) The History of Susannah; (11) Bel
and the Dragon; (12) The Prayer of Manasses, king of Judah; (13) First
Maccabees; (14) Second Maccabees. The Apocryphal books of the New
Testament, as the Protevangelium of James, the Gospel of Thomas, the Gesta
Pilati, &c., stand on quite a different footing, never having been accepted
by any as canonical, or in any way authoritative: hidden or secret
things.--_adj._ APOC'RYPHAL, of doubtful authority. [Gr., 'things
hidden'--_apo_, from, _krypt-ein_, to hide.]
APODAL, ap'od-al, _adj._ without feet: without ventral fins. [Gr. _a_,
neg., _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]
APODEICTIC, a-po-d[=i]k'tik, _adj._ a logical term signifying a proposition
which is necessarily true--demonstrative without demonstration, beyond
contradiction--opp. to _Dialectic_.--_adj._ APODEIC'TICAL.--_adv._
APODEIC'TICALLY. [Gr. _apodeiktikos_--_apodeiknunai_ (_apo_ and
_deiknunai_), to show off, demonstrate.]
APODIABOLOSIS, a-po-di-a-bol'o-sis, _n._ (_rare_--_Hare_) lowering to the
rank of a devil. [Gr. _apo_, and _diabolos_, devil. Formed like
APOTHEOSIS.]
APODOSIS, a-pod'o-sis, _n._ (_gram._) the consequent clause in a
conditional sentence, as opp. to the _Protasis_. [Gr.; _apo_, back,
_didonai_, to give.]
APODYTERIUM, a-po-di-t[=e]r'i-um, _n._ the apartment in an ancient bath
where the clothes were deposited. [Gr.; _apodyein_ (_apo_, from, and
_dy-ein_), to undress.]
APOGEE, ap'o-j[=e], _n._ properly the greatest distance of the earth from
any of the heavenly bodies (the earth being regarded as the centre of the
universe in the old Ptolemaic astronomy), now restricted to the sun and
moon, the sun's apogee corresponding to the earth's aphelion, and the
moon's being the point of its orbit farthest from the earth: the highest
point, climax--opp. to _Perigee_.--_adjs._ APOGÆ'IC, APOG[=E]'AN;
APOGEOTROP'IC, turning away from the ground (of leaves, &c.).--_adv._
APOGEOTROP'ICALLY.--_n._ APOGE[=O]T'ROPISM. [Gr. _apogaion_; _apo_, from,
_g[=e]_, the earth.]
APOGRAPH, a'po-graf, _n._ an exact copy. [Gr. _apographon_, a
copy--_apo-graph-ein_, to write off, copy.]
APOLAUSTIC, a-po-law'stik, _adj._ devoted to the search of enjoyment.--_n._
the philosophy of the pleasurable. [Gr. _apolaustikos_--_apolau-ein_, to
enjoy.]
APOLLINARIANISM, a-pol-i-n[=a]'ri-an-izm, _n._ the doctrine that the
_Logos_, or divine nature in Christ, took the place of the rational human
soul or mind, and that the body of Christ was a spiritualised and glorified
form of humanity--taught by Apollinaris the younger, Bishop of Laodicea in
Syria (died 390 A.D.), condemned as denying the _true_ human nature of
Christ by the second Oecumenical Council at Constantinople (381).--_adj._
APOLLIN[=A]'RIAN.
APOLLONIAN, a-po-l[=o]n'i-an, _adj._ having the characteristics of Apollo,
sun-god of the Greeks and Romans, patron of poetry and music: named from
_Apollonius_ of Perga, who studied conic sections in the time of Ptolemy
Philopator.--Also APOLLON'IC.
APOLLONICON, a-pol-[=o]n'i-kon, _n._ a chamber organ of vast power,
supplied with both keys and barrels, first exhibited in 1817. [Formed from
_Apollonic_, as _harmonicon_ from _harmonic_.]
APOLLYON, a-pol'yun, _n._ the destroyer: Satan (same as ABADDON, Rev. ix.
11). [Gr. _apolly[=o]n_, destroying utterly; _apolly-ein_, _apo-_, and
_ollynai_, to destroy.]
APOLOGETIC, -AL, a-pol-oj-et'ik, -al, _adj._ excusing: regretfully
acknowledging: said or written in defence.--_adv._ APOLOGET'ICALLY.--_n._
APOLOGET'ICS, that branch of theology concerned with the defence of
Christianity. It falls under the two heads of _natural_ and _revealed_
theology--in the former it proves the existence of God, of the soul in man,
a future state; in the latter, the canonicity, inspiration, and
trustworthiness of Scripture.
APOLOGUE, a'pol-og, _n._ a fable, parable, or short allegorical story,
intended to serve as a pleasant vehicle for some moral doctrine--applied
more particularly to one in which the actors are animals or inanimate
things, e.g. the apologue of Jotham in Judges, ix. 7-15. [Fr.--Gr.
_apologos_, a fable--_apo_, from, _logos_, speech.]
APOLOGY, a-pol'oj-i, _n._ something spoken to ward off an attack: a defence
or justification: frank acknowledgment of an offence: a poor substitute
(with _for_; _of_ is obsolete).--_v.i._ APOL'OGISE, to make excuse: to
express regret for a fault (with _for_).--_n._ APOL'OGIST, one who makes an
apology: a defender by argument. [Gr.; _apo_, from, _-logia_,
speaking--_leg-ein_, to speak.]
APOMORPHIA, a-po-morf'i-a, _n._ an alkaloid prepared from morphia by
heating hydrochloric acid--a rapid and powerful emetic. [Gr. _apo_, from,
and MORPHIA.]
APOOP, a-p[=oo]p', _adv._ on the poop, astern.
APOPETALOUS, ap-o-pet'al-us, _adj._ (_bot._) having distinct or free
petals. [Gr. _apo_, away, and _petalon_, a leaf.]
APOPHLEGMATIC, a-po-fleg-mat'ik, _adj._ and _n._ promoting the removal of
phlegm. [Gr. _apo-_, and PHLEGMATIC.]
APOPHTHEGM, APOTHEGM, a'po-them, _n._ a pithy saying, more short, pointed,
and practical than the aphorism need be, e.g. 'God helps them that help
themselves.'---_adjs._ APOPHTHEGMAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to the nature of an
apophthegm, pithy, sententious.--_adv._ APOPHTHEGMAT'ICALLY.--_v.i._
APOPHTHEG'MATISE, to speak in apophthegms.--_n._ APOPHTHEG'MATIST. [Gr.
_apophthegma_--_apo_, forth, and _phthengesthai_, to utter.]
APOPLEXY, a'po-pleks-i, _n._ loss of sensation and of motion by a sudden
stroke, generally applied by modern medical writers to rupture of a
blood-vessel, with hemorrhage in the brain or its membranes, whether with
or without consciousness--also figuratively.--_adjs._ APOPLEC'TIC, -AL,
pertaining to or causing apoplexy: suffering from, or likely to suffer
from, apoplexy.--_adv._ APOPLEC'TICALLY.--_n._ AP'OPLEX (_arch._),
apoplexy.--_adj._ AP'OPLEXED (_Shak._), affected with apoplexy. [Gr.
_apopl[=e]xia_--_apo_, from, away, and _pl[=e]ss-ein_, to strike.]
APOSIOPESIS, a-po-si-o-p[=e]'sis, _n._ a figure by which the speaker
suddenly stops as though unable or unwilling to proceed, e.g. Virgil,
_Æneid_, i. 135, 'Quos ego----' [Gr.;--_apo-si[=o]pa-ein_, to keep silent,
_apo_ and _si[=o]p[=e]_, silence.]
APOSTASY, APOSTACY, a-post'a-si, _n._ abandonment of one's religion,
principles, or party: a revolt from ecclesiastical obedience, from a
religious profession, or from holy orders.--_n._ APOST'ATE, one guilty of
apostasy: a renegade from his faith from unworthy motives.--_adj._ false:
traitorous: fallen.--_adjs._ APOSTAT'IC, -AL.--_v.i._ APOST'ATISE. [Gr. 'a
standing away;' _apo_, from, _stasis_, a standing.]
A POSTERIORI, [=a] pos-t[=e]-ri-[=o]'ri, _adj._ applied to reasoning from
experience, from effect to cause, as opposed to _a priori_ reasoning, from
cause to effect: empirical: gained from experience. _Synthetic_ and
_analytic_, _deductive_ and _inductive_, correspond in a general way to _a
priori_ and _a posteriori_. [L. _a_ = _ab_, from, _posteriori_, abl. of
_posterior_, comp. of _posterus_, after.]
APOSTIL, -ILLE, a-pos'til, _n._ a marginal note. [Fr. _apostille_. See
POSTIL.]
APOSTLE, a-pos'l, _n._ one sent to preach the gospel: specially, one of the
twelve disciples of Christ: the founder of the Christian Church in a
country, e.g. Augustine, the apostle of the English; Columba, of the Scots;
Boniface, of Germany, &c.: the principal champion or supporter of a new
system, or of some cause: the highest in the fourfold ministry of the
Catholic and Apostolic Church: one of the twelve officials forming a
presiding high council in the Mormon Church.--_ns._ APOS'TLESHIP, the
office or dignity of an apostle; APOST'OLATE, the office of an apostle:
leadership in a propaganda.--_adjs._ APOSTOL'IC, -AL.--_ns._ APOSTOL'ICISM,
profession of apostolicity; APOSTOLIC'ITY, the quality of being
apostolic--APOSTLES' CREED, the oldest form of Christian creed that exists,
early ascribed to the apostles, and indeed substantially, if not strictly,
apostolic; APOSTLE SPOONS, silver spoons with handles ending in figures of
the apostles, a common baptismal present in the 16th and 17th centuries;
APOSTLES, TEACHING OF THE TWELVE--often called merely the _Didach[=e]_ (Gr.
'teaching')--the title of a treatise discovered in 1883 on Christian
doctrine and government, closely connected with the last two books
(vii.-viii.) of the _Apostolic Constitutions_.--APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTIONS and
CANONS, notes of ecclesiastical customs held to be apostolical, written in
the form of apostolic precepts, and erroneously ascribed by tradition to
Clement of Rome; APOSTOLIC FATHERS, the immediate disciples and
fellow-labourers of the apostles, more especially those who have left
writings behind them (Barnabas, Clement of Rome, Ignatius, Hermas,
Polycarp); APOSTOLIC SEE, the see of Rome; APOSTOLIC VICAR, the cardinal
representing the Pope in extraordinary missions.--APOSTOLICAL SUCCESSION,
the derivation of holy orders by an assumed unbroken chain of transmission
from the apostles through their natural successors, the bishops--the theory
of the Catholic Church: the assumption that a ministry so ordained enjoy
the succession of apostolic powers and privileges. [Gr.; one sent away,
_apo_, away, _stell-ein_, to send.]
APOSTROPHE, a-pos'trof-e, _n._ (_rhet._) a sudden turning away from the
ordinary course of a speech to address some person or object present or
absent, explained by Quintilian as addressed to a person present, but
extended by modern use to the absent or dead: a mark (') showing the
omission of a letter or letters in a word, also a sign of the modern Eng.
genitive or possessive case--orig. a mere mark of the dropping of the
letter _e_ in writing.--_adj._ APOSTROPH'IC.--_v.t._ APOS'TROPHISE, to
address by apostrophe. [Gr. _apo_, from, and STROPHE, a turning.]
APOTHECARY, a-poth'ek-ar-i, _n._ one who prepares and sells drugs for
medicinal purposes--a term long since substituted by _druggist_, although
still a legal description for licentiates of the Apothecaries' Society of
London, or of the Apothecaries' Hall of Ireland. [Through Fr. and L. from
Gr. _apoth[=e]k[=e]_, a storehouse--_apo_, away, and _tithe-nai_, to
place.]
APOTHECIUM, ap-[=o]-th[=e]'si-um, _n._ the spore-case in lichens. [Gr.
_apoth[=e]k[=e]_, a storehouse. See APOTHECARY.]
APOTHEGM. See APOPHTHEGM.
APOTHEOSIS, a-po-th[=e]'o-sis, or a-po-the-[=o]'sis, _n._ deification, esp.
the formal attribution of divine honours to a deceased Roman emperor, or
special object of the imperial favour--a logical corollary to the worship
of ancestors, degenerating naturally by anticipation into the adoration of
the living: the glorification of a principle or person: ascension to glory,
release from earthly life: resurrection.--_v.i._ APOTH[=E]'OSISE,
APOTH'EOSISE. [Gr.; _apotheo-ein_, _apo_, away from what he was, _theos_, a
god.]
APOZEM, a'po-zem, _n._ a decoction or infusion. [Gr. _apozema_--_apo_, off,
and _ze-ein_, to boil.]
APPAL, ap-pawl', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to wax faint, fail, decay.--_v.t._ and
_v.i._ (_obs._) to dim, weaken: to terrify, dismay:--_pr.p._ appal'ling;
_pa.p._ appalled'.--_p.adj._ APPAL'LING, shocking.--_adv._ APPAL'LINGLY.
[Perh. from O. Fr. _apalir_, _apallir_, to wax pale, also to make pale. See
PALL and PALE.]
APPANAGE, APANAGE, ap'pan-[=a]j, _n._ the assignation or conveyance by the
crown of lands and feudal rights to the princes of the royal family, a
provision for younger sons, a dependency: any perquisite: an adjunct or
attribute.--_p.adj._ AP'PANAGED, endowed with an appanage. [Fr.
_apanage_--L. _ad_, and _pan-is_, bread.]
APPARATUS, ap-par-[=a]'tus, _n._ things prepared or provided, material: set
of instruments, tools, natural organs, &c.: materials for the critical
study of a document. [L.; _ad_, to, _par[=a]tus_ (_par[=a]re_), prepared.]
APPAREL, ap-par'el, _n._ covering for the body, dress: aspect, guise:
(_arch._) the rigging of a ship.--_v.t._ to dress, adorn:--_pr.p._
appar'elling or appar'eling; _pa.p._ appar'elled or appar'eled.--_ns._
APPAR'ELLING, APPAR'ELING. [O. Fr. _apareiller_, through obscure Low L.
forms from L. _par_, equal, like.]
APPARENT, ap-p[=a]r'ent, _adj._ that may be seen: evident: palpable:
seeming, as opposed to what really is: (_Shak._) by ellipsis for
heir-apparent.--_adv._ APPAR'ENTLY.--_ns._ APPAR'ENTNESS; HEIR'-APPAR'ENT,
applied to one who will undoubtedly inherit if he survives the present
possessor. [Through Fr. from L. _apparent-em_, _appar[=e]-re_.]
APPARITION, ap-par-ish'un, _n._ an appearance--of a visitor, a comet, the
appearance in history: an immaterial appearance--of a spirit of the
departed, as of a real being, a ghost: (_astron._) the first appearance of
a celestial body after occultation.--_adj._ APPARI'TIONAL. [See APPEAR.]
APPARITOR, ap-par'it-or, _n._ an officer who attends on a court, or on a
magistrate, to execute orders: still applied to the officer of an
archiepiscopal, episcopal, archidiaconal, or other ecclesiastical court,
sometimes to the beadle of a university bearing the mace: (_rare_) one who
appears. [L. See APPEAR.]
APPAY, ap-p[=a]', _v.t._ See APAY.
APPEACH, ap-p[=e]ch', _v.t._ (_obs._) to accuse, censure, or impeach.--_n._
APPEACH'MENT. [O. Fr. _empechier_--L. _impedic[=a]re_, to catch by the
feet--_in_, in, and _pedica_, a fetter. See IMPEACH.]
APPEAL, ap-p[=e]l', _v.i._ to call upon, have recourse to (with _to_): to
refer (to a witness or superior authority): make supplication or earnest
request to a person for a thing: to resort for verification or proof to
some principle or person.--_v.t._ to remove a cause (to another
court).--_n._ act of appealing: a supplication: removal of a cause to a
higher tribunal.--_adjs._ APPEAL'ABLE; APPEAL'ING, relating to
appeals.--_adv._ APPEAL'INGLY.--_n._ APPEAL'INGNESS. [O. Fr.
_apeler_--_appell[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to address, call by name; also to
appeal to, impeach.]
APPEAR, ap-p[=e]r', _v.i._ to become visible: to present one's self
formally before an authority or tribunal, hence to act as the
representative or counsel for another: to be manifest: to be in one's
opinion, to seem: to come into view, to come before the public, to be
published (of a book): to seem though not real.--_ns._ APPEAR'ANCE, the act
of appearing, e.g. in court to prosecute or answer a charge: the
publication of a book: the effect of appearing conspicuously, show, parade:
the condition of that which appears, form, aspect: outward look or show: a
natural phenomenon: an apparition; APPEAR'ER, one that appears: one who
puts in an appearance in court.--IT APPEARS (_impers._).--TO ALL
APPEARANCE, so far as appears to any one; TO KEEP UP APPEARANCES, to keep
up an outward show with intent to conceal the absence of the inward
reality; TO PUT IN AN APPEARANCE, to appear in person. [Through Fr. from L.
_appar[=e]-re_--_ad_, to, _par[=e]re_, _paritum_, to come forth.]
APPEASE, ap-p[=e]z', _v.t._ to pacify: propitiate one who is angry: to
quiet: to allay: to pacify by granting demands.--_adj._ APPEAS'ABLE.--_n._
APPEASE'MENT, the action of appeasing: the state of being appeased.--_adv._
APPEAS'INGLY. [O. Fr. _apese-r_, to bring to peace--L. _pac-em_, peace.]
APPELLANT, ap-pel'ant, _n._ one who makes an appeal from the decision of a
lower court to a higher: one who makes earnest entreaty of any kind:
(_obs._) one who challenges another to single combat: one of the clergy in
the Jansenist controversy who rejected the bull Unigenitus issued in 1713,
appealing to a pope 'better informed,' or to a general council.--_adj._
APPELL'ATE, relating to appeals. [See APPEAL.]
APPELLATION, ap-pel-[=a]'shun, _n._ that by which anything is called: a
name, especially one attached to a particular person.--_adj._
APPELL[=A]'TIONAL.--_n._ APPELL'ATIVE, a name common to all of the same
kind, as distinguished from a proper name: a designation.--_adj._ common to
many: general: of or pertaining to the giving of names.--_adv._
APPELL'ATIVELY. [See APPEAL.]
APPEND, ap-pend', _v.t._ to hang one thing to another: to add.--_n._
APPEND'AGE, something appended.--_adj._ APPEND'ANT, attached, annexed,
consequent.--_n._ an adjunct, quality.--_n._ APPENDIC[=I]'TIS, inflammation
of the vermiform appendix of the cæcum.--_adj._ APPENDIC'ULAR, of the
nature of or belonging to an appendix.--_n._ APPENDICUL[=A]'RIA, a genus of
Ascidians whose members retain the larval vertebrate characters which are
lost in the more or less degenerate sea-squirts.--_adj._ APPENDIC'ULATE,
furnished with appendages.--_n._ APPEND'IX, something appended or added: a
supplement: an addition to a book or document, containing matter
explanatory, but not essential to its completeness: (_anat._) a process,
prolongation, or projection:--_pl._ APPEND'IXES, APPEND'ICES.--APPENDIX
AURICULÆ, the appendix of the auricle of the heart; APPENDICES EPIPLOICÆ,
saccular processes, containing fat attached to the serous covering of the
large intestine; APPENDIX VERMIFORMIS, or VERMIFORM APPENDIX, a blind
process terminating the cæcum in man. [L. _ad_, to, _pend[)e]re_, to hang.]
APPENTICE, a-pen'tis, _n._ (_archit._) a pent-house.
APPERCEPTION, ap-er-sep'shun, _n._ the mind's perception of itself as a
conscious agent: an act of voluntary consciousness, accompanied with
self-consciousness.