AFRESH, a-fresh', _adv._ anew.
AFRICAN, af'rik-an, _adj._ pertaining to Africa--also AF'RIC.--_ns._
AF'RICAN, a native of Africa; AFRICAND'ER, one born of white parents in
Cape Colony or other parts of South Africa. [L. _Africus_,
_Africanus_--_Afer_, African.]
AFRIT, a-frit', _n._ an evil demon in Arabian mythology.--Also AFREET'.
[Ar. _`ifr[=i]t_, a demon.]
AFRONT, a-frunt', _adv._ (_obs._) in front.
AFT, aft, _adj._ or _adv._ behind: near or towards the stern of a vessel.
[A.S. _æft-an_.]
AFTER, aft'[.e]r, _prep._ and _adv._ behind in place: later in time:
following in search of: in imitation of: in proportion to, or in agreement
with: concerning: subsequent to, or subsequently: afterward: after the
manner of, or in imitation of.--_adj._ behind in place: later in time: more
toward the stern of a vessel. [A.S. _æfter_, comp. of _af_, or _of_, the
primary meaning being 'more off,' 'farther away;' _-ter_ as a comparative
affix is seen in L. _al-ter_, Eng. _o-ther_. See OF.]
AFTERBIRTH, aft'[.e]r-b[.e]rth, _n._ the placenta and membranes which are
expelled from the uterus of the mother after the birth.
AFTERCLAP, aft'[.e]r-klap, _n._ an unexpected event happening after an
affair is supposed to be at an end.
AFTERCROP, aft'[.e]r-krop, _n._ a second crop in the same year.
AFTER-DAMP, aft'[.e]r-damp, _n._ choke-damp, arising in coal-mines after an
explosion of fire-damp.
AFTEREYE, aft-[.e]r-[=i]', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to look after.
AFTERGAME, aft'[.e]r-g[=a]m, _n._ a second game played to reverse the issue
of the first, hence the means employed after the first turn of affairs.
AFTERGLOW, aft'[.e]r-gl[=o], _n._ the glow often seen in the sky after
sunset.
AFTERGUARD, aft'[.e]r-gärd, _n._ the men on the quarter-deck and poop who
work the after sails, not needing to go aloft: a drudge or person in a mean
capacity.
AFTER-HANDS, af'ter-handz, _n.pl._ (_Tenn._) future labourers.
AFTER-IMAGE, aft'[.e]r-im'[=a]j, _n._ the image that remains for a brief
period after the eye has been withdrawn from the object.
AFTERINGS, aft'[.e]r-ingz, _n._ the last milk drawn in milking.
AFTERMATH, aft'[.e]r-math, _n._ a second mowing of grass in the same
season. [See MOW, MEADOW.]
AFTERMOST, aft'[.e]r-m[=o]st, _adj._ hindmost. [A.S. _æftemest_; Goth.
_af-tuma_, _-tuma_, being equiv. to L. _-tumus_ in _op-tumus_, best. Goth.
has also _af-tum-ists_ = A.S. _æf-tem-est_, which is thus a double
superlative.--Thus in aftermost, _r_ is intrusive and _-most_ is not the
adv. _most_.]
AFTERNOON, aft'[.e]r-n[=oo]n, _n._ the time between noon and evening.--_n._
AFT'ER-MORN (_Tenn._), the morrow.
AFTERPAINS, aft'[.e]r-p[=a]nz, _n._ the pains which succeed childbirth and
the expulsion of the afterbirth.
AFTERPIECE, aft'[.e]r-p[=e]s, _n._ a farce or other minor piece performed
after a play.
AFTERSUPPER, aft'[.e]r-sup-p[.e]r, _n._ the time between supper and
bedtime.
AFTERTHOUGHT, aft'[.e]r-thawt, _n._ thought or reflection after an action:
a later thought.
AFTERWARD, aft'[.e]r-ward, AFTERWARDS, aft'[.e]r-wardz, _adv._ in
after-time: later: subsequently. [A.S. _æftenweard_.]
AGA, AGHA, [=a]'ga, _n._ a Turkish commander or chief officer. [Turk.
_agh[=a]_, Pers. _ak_, _aka_, a lord.]
AGAIN, a-gen', _adv._ once more: in return: back. [A.S. _on-geán_, again,
opposite; Ger. _ent-gegen_.]
AGAINST, a-genst', also a-g[=a]nst', _prep._ opposite to: in opposition to:
in contact or collision with: in provision for: in exchange for, instead
of: (_B._ and _Shak._) by the time that, elliptically for 'against (the
time) at which' or 'that I come.' [Formed from _again_, with genitive
ending _-es_, as _whilst_ from _while_--the _-t_ being a later addition, as
in _amongs-t_, _amids-t_, &c.]
AGAMI, ag'a-mi, _n._ the golden-breasted trumpeter, a grallatorial bird of
South America. [Native name.]
AGAMOGENESIS, a-gam-o-jen'e-sis, _n._ reproduction without sex, found among
lower animals and in plants. [Gr. _a_, priv., _gamos_, marriage, _genesis_,
reproduction.]
AGAMOUS, ag'a-mus, _adj._ (_bot._) having no visible flowers or organs of
fructification. [Gr. _agamos_--_a_, neg., and _gamos_, marriage.]
AGAPE, ag'a-p[=e], _n._ a love-feast, held by the early Christians at
communion time, when contributions were made for the poor:--_pl._
AG'APÆ.--_n._ AGAPEM'ON[=E] (Gr., 'love abode'), a community of religious
visionaries with unedifying ideas about the sexual relations, founded in
1859 at Charlinch, near Bridgwater, by one H. J. Prince, formerly an
Anglican clergyman. [Gr. _agap[=e]_, love.]
AGAPE, a-g[=a]p', _adj._ or _adv._ gaping from wonder, expectation, or
attention. [Lit., 'on gape.']
AGARIC, ag'ar-ik, _n._ a family of fungi, including the mushroom. [Gr.
_agarikon_.]
AGASTRIC, a-gas'trik, _adj._ having no stomach. [Gr. _a_, neg., and
_gast[=e]r_, stomach.]
AGATE, ag'[=a]t, _n._ a precious stone composed of layers of quartz, of
different tints.--_adj._ AGATIF'EROUS. [Gr. _achat[=e]s_, said to be so
called because first found near the river _Achates_ in Sicily.]
AGATE, a-g[=a]t', _adv._ agoing, on the way. [Prep. _a_, and GATE; a
northern word.]
AGAVE, a-g[=a]'ve, _n._ a genus of herbaceous plants, natives of the warmer
parts of America, which in Mexico usually flower about the seventh or
eighth year, the stem rising to a height of forty feet. It is called also
the American Aloe and Century Plant, receiving the latter name from the
number of years (40-60, popularly a hundred) it takes to flower in our
hot-houses.
AGAZED, a-g[=a]zd', _adj._ (_Shak._) struck with amazement. [Prob. a
variant of AGHAST.]
AGE, [=a]j, _n._ the ordinary length of human life: the time during which a
person or thing has lived or existed: mature years: legal maturity (at 21
years), or time of life with regard to crime, contracts, marriage, &c.: a
period of time: any great period of human history, as the Golden Age, the
Bronze Age, the Middle Ages, or of individual history, as the age of
infancy, the five--or seven--so-called ages of man: a generation of men: a
century.--_v.i._ to grow old:--_pr.p._ [=a]g'ing; _pa.p._ [=a]g'ed.--_adj._
AGED ([=a]j'ed), advanced in age: having a certain age.--_n.pl._ old
people.--_n._ AGEDNESS ([=a]j'ed-nes), condition of being aged or
old.--_adjs._ AGE'LESS; AGE'LONG. [O. Fr. _edage_ (Fr. _âge_)--L. _ætas_ =
_ævitas_--L. _ævum_, age; cog. with EVER.]
AGEN, a-gen', _adv._ Same as AGAIN.
AGENDA, aj-end'a, _n._ things to be done: a memorandum-book: (_obs._) a
ritual. [L. _agendus_, fut. perf. pass. of _ag[)e]re_, to do.]
AGENT, [=a]j'ent, _n._ a person or thing that acts or exerts power: any
natural force acting on matter: one authorised or delegated to transact
business for another.--_n._ AG'ENCY, the office or business, operation or
action, of an agent; instrumentality.--LAW AGENT, a general term in
Scotland, including Writers to the Signet, Solicitors to the Supreme Court,
and Procurators in the sheriff courts--the requirements are an indentured
apprenticeship of five years to a law agent, the passing of examinations in
general knowledge and in law, and formal admission by the Court of Session.
[L. _ag[)e]re_, to do. See ACT.]
AGGLOMERATE, ag-glom'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make into a ball: to collect
into a mass.--_v.i._ to grow into a mass.--_adjs._ AGGLOM'ERATE,
AGGLOM'ERATED, collected into a heap or mass.--_n._ AGGLOMER[=A]'TION, a
growing or heaping together: a mass: a cluster.--_adj._ AGGLOM'ERATIVE.
[_Agglomer[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ad_, to, L. _glomus_, _glomeris_, a ball.
See CLEW, GLOBE.]
AGGLUTINATE, ag-gl[=oo]t'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to cause to adhere by glue or
cement.--_adj._ AGGLUT'INANT, uniting or causing to stick together.--_ns._
AGGLUT'INATE, AGGLUT'INATIVE, a classification formerly much used in
contrast to _inflectional_, to describe such languages as Turkish, which
show, in the words of Whitney, an inferior degree of integration in the
elements of their words, or of unification of words, the suffixes and
prefixes retaining a certain independence of one another and of the root or
stem to which they are added; AGGLUTIN[=A]'TION, the act of uniting, as by
glue: adhesion of parts.--_adj._ AGGLUT'INATIVE, tending to or having power
to cause adhesion. [L. _agglutin[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _gluten_, glue. See
GLUE.]
AGGRACE, ag-gr[=a]s', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to grace, to favour.--_n._
kindness: favour. [Low L. _aggrati[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _gratia_, grace.]
AGGRANDISE, ag'grand-[=i]z, _v.t._ to make great or larger: to make greater
in power, rank, or honour.--_ns._ AGGRANDIS[=A]'TION; AGGRANDISEMENT
(ag'grand-[=i]z-ment, or ag-grand'iz-ment), act of aggrandising: state of
being aggrandised. [Fr., from L. _ad_, to, and _grandis_, large.]
AGGRATE, ag-gr[=a]t', _v.t._ (_obs._) to gratify or please. [It.
_aggratare_--L. _ad_, to, _gratus_, pleasing. See GRACE.]
AGGRAVATE, ag'grav-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make worse: to provoke.--_adj._
AG'GRAVATING.--_adv._ AG'GRAVATINGLY.--_n._ AGGRAV[=A]'TION, a making
worse: any quality or circumstance which makes a thing worse: an
exaggeration. [L. _aggrav[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _gravis_, heavy. See GRAVE.]
AGGREGATE, ag'greg-[=a]t, _v.t._ to collect into a mass: to
accumulate.--_v.i._ (_rare_) to add as a member to a society: to combine
with.--_adj._ formed of parts taken together.--_n._ the sum total.--_adv._
AG'GREGATELY.--_n._ AGGREG[=A]'TION, act of aggregating: state of being
collected together: an aggregate.--_adj._ AG'GREGATIVE. [L. _aggreg[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_, to bring together, as a flock--_ad_, to, _grex_, _gregis_, a
flock.]
AGGRESS, ag-gres', _v.i._ to make a first attack: to begin a quarrel: to
intrude.--_adj._ AGGRESS'IVE, making the first attack, or prone to do so:
offensive as opposed to defensive.--_ns._ AGGRESS'IVENESS; AGGRESS'OR, one
who attacks first. [L. _aggredi_, _-gressus_--_ad_, to, _gradi_, to step.]
AGGRESSION, ag-gresh'un, _n._ first act of hostility or injury: a breach of
the peace: an attack on public privileges. [L. _aggredi_, _-gressus_--_ad_,
to, _gradi_, to step.]
AGGRIEVE, ag-gr[=e]v', _v.t._ to press heavily upon: to pain or injure. [O.
Fr. _agrever_ (Sp. _agraviar_)--L. _ad_, to, and _gravis_, heavy. See
GRIEF, GRIEVE.]
AGHAST, a-gast', _adj._ stupefied with horror. [Properly _agast_; M. E.
_agasten_, to terrify; A.S. intens. pfx. _á-_, and _gæstan_, to terrify.
The primary notion of the root _gæs-_ (Goth. _gais-_) is to fix, stick; to
root to the spot with terror. See GAZE.]
AGILE, aj'il, _adj._ active: nimble.--_n._ AGIL'ITY, quickness of motion:
nimbleness--also AG'ILENESS. [Fr.--L. _agilis_--_ag[)e]re_, to do or act.]
AGIO, [=a]'ji-o, _n._ the difference between the real and nominal value of
money, or between metallic and paper money: the variations from fixed pars
or rates of exchange: discount. [It. _agio_, _aggio_, ease, convenience.]
AGIOTAGE, aj'i-o-t[=a]j, _n._ exchange business, hence the manoeuvres of
speculators to raise or depress the funds: stock-jobbing.
AGIST, a-jist', _v.t._ to take in the cattle of others to graze for a
certain sum: to charge lands or the like with any public burden.--_ns._
AGIST'MENT, the action of agisting: the price paid for cattle pasturing on
the land: a burden or tax; AGIST'OR, AGIST'ER, an officer who takes charge
of cattle agisted. [O. Fr. _agister_--L. _jacit[=a]re_, _jac[=e]re_, to
lie.]
AGITATE, aj'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to keep moving: to stir violently: to disturb:
to discuss, or keep up the discussion of a question.--_n._ AGIT[=A]'TION,
commotion: perturbation of mind: discussion: public excitement.--_adj._
AG'ITATIVE.--_n._ AG'ITATOR, one who excites or keeps up a public
agitation. [L. _agit[=a]re_, freq. of _ag[)e]re_, to put in motion. See
ACT.]
AGLET, AIGLET, [=a]'glet, _n._ the tag or point of the lace or string by
which different parts of dress were fastened together, orig. to facilitate
passing through the eyelet-holes, afterwards themselves ornamental, like
Shakespeare's _aglet-baby_, and still surviving in the so-called
_aiguillettes_ or tagged points of braid hanging from the shoulder in some
military and naval uniforms: a technical name for white stay-laces. [Fr.
_aiguillette_, dim. of _aiguille_, a needle--from L. _acucula_ = _acicula_,
dim. of _acus_, a needle.]
AGLEY, AGLEE, a-gl[=e]', _adv._ (_Scot._) off the right line: wrong. [Pfx.
_a-_, and Scot. _gley_, _gleg_, squint.]
AGLIMMER, a-glim'[.e]r, _adv._ in a glimmering state.
AGLOW, a-gl[=o]', _adj._ and _adv._ very warm: red-hot.
AGNAIL, ag'n[=a]l, _n._ an inflammation round the toe- or finger-nail: a
whitlow: a hangnail. [A.S. _angnægl_--_ang_, tight, and _nægl_, a nail;
confounded in meaning by the dictionary-makers with Fr. _angonailles_,
blotches, sores--Low L. _anguinalia_, carbuncles.]
AGNAME, ag'n[=a]m, _n._ a name over and above the name and surname.--_adj._
AG'NAMED, styled by such a name. [L. _ag_ = _ad_, and NAME; formed after L.
_agnomen_.]
AGNATE, ag'n[=a]t, _adj._ related on the father's side: allied.--_n._ a
relation by the father's side.--_adjs._ AGNAT'IC, AGNAT'ICAL.--_adv._
AGNAT'ICALLY.--_n._ AGN[=A]'TION. [L. _agnat-us_--_ad_, to, _nasci_, to be
born. See COGNATE.]
AGNISE, ag-n[=i]z', _v.t._ (_arch._) to acknowledge, to confess. [L.
_agnosc[)e]re_--_ad_, to, _gnosc[)e]re_, _nosc[)e]re_, to know.]
AGNOMEN, ag-n[=o]'men, _n._ a surname added to the family name, generally
on account of some great exploit, as _Africanus_ to P. Cornelius Scipio.
[L.--_ad_, to, and _gnomen_, _nomen_, a name.]
AGNOSTIC, ag-nos'tik, _n._ one who holds that we know nothing of things
beyond material phenomena--that a First Cause and an unseen world are
things unknown and apparently unknowable.--_n._ AGNOS'TICISM. [Coined by
Prof. Huxley in 1869 from the word in Acts, xvii. 23; _a_, privative, and
Gr. _gn[=o]stikos_, good at knowing. See GNOSTIC.]
AGNUS DEI, ag'nus-d[=e]'[=i], a part of the Mass beginning with the words
_Agnus Dei_, also the music set to it: a figure of a lamb emblematic of
Christ, bearing with its right foot the banner of the cross, and having the
nimbus inscribed with the cross around its head: a round cake of wax
stamped with such a figure, and blessed by the Pope. [L., lit. 'lamb of
God.']
AGO, a-g[=o]', AGONE, a-gon', _adv._ gone: past: since. [Pa.p. of A.S.
_[=a]g[=a]n_, to pass away--inten. pfx. _[=a]-_, and _g[=a]n_, to go.]
AGOG, a-gog', _adj._ or _adv._ eager: astir. [Perh. connected with O. Fr.
_en gogues_; _estre en ses gogues_, to be frolicsome, or Fr. _vivre à
gogo_, to live in abundance. The ultimate origin is unknown.]
AGOING, a-g[=o]'ing, _adv._ going on: current.
AGONE. See AGO.
AGONIC, ag'on-ik, _adj._ having or making no angle.--AGONIC LINE, the line
of no magnetic variation--an irregular line passing through the magnetic
poles of the earth, along which the magnetic needle points directly north
or south. [Gr. _ag[=o]nos_; _a_, neg., _g[=o]nia_, angle.]
AGONIST, ag'o-nist, _n._ one who contends for a prize in public
games.--_adjs._ AGONIST'IC, -AL, relating to athletic contests:
combative.--_adv._ AGONIST'ICALLY.--_n._ AGONIST'ICS, the art and theory of
games and prize-fighting. [See AGONY.]
AGONY, ag'o-ni, _n._ a violent struggle: extreme suffering: the death
struggle in particular: Christ's anguish in Gethsemane.--_v.t._ AG'ONISE,
to struggle, suffer agony: to subject to agony.--_adj._ AG'ONISING, causing
agony.--_adv._ AG'ONISINGLY.--AGONY COLUMN, the part of a newspaper
containing special advertisements, as for missing friends and the like.
[Gr.--_ag[=o]n_, contest.]
AGOOD, a-good', _adv._ (_obs._) in good earnest, heartily. [A.S. pfx. _a-_,
and GOOD.]
AGORA, ag'o-ra, _n._ an assembly, hence a place of assembly, the
market-place. [Gr.]
AGOUTA, a-g[=oo]'ta, _n._ a rat-like animal of Hayti.
AGOUTI, a-g[=oo]'ti, _n._ a small South American rodent allied to the
guinea-pig. [Native word.]
AGRAFFE, a-graf', _n._ a kind of clasp or hook. [Fr. _agrafe_, a clasp--Low
L. _grappa_, Old High Ger. _chrapfo_ (Ger. _krappen_), a hook.]
AGRARIAN, ag-r[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ relating to land, or its management, as in
'agrarian crime,' &c., applied esp. to Roman laws for the equal
distribution of the public lands: rural.--_n._ AGR[=A]'RIANISM, an equal
division of lands: a political movement in favour of interference with the
ordinary conditions of private property in land. [L. _agrarius_--_ager_, a
field. See ACRE.]
AGREE, a-gr[=e]', _v.i._ to be of one mind: to concur: to assent to: to be
consistent, to harmonise: to determine, to settle: to resemble, to suit:
(_gram._) to be in concord with--taking the same gender, number, case, or
person: to do well with climate, &c. (followed by _with_ before the person
or thing agreeing: by _upon_, _on_, _for_, _to_, _in_ before the condition
of the agreement):--_pa.p._ agreed'.--_adj._ AGREE'ABLE, suitable:
pleasant: favourable to, consenting to.--_n._ AGREE'ABLENESS, suitableness:
conformity: quality of pleasing--also AGREEABIL'ITY.--_adv._
AGREE'ABLY.--_n._ AGREE'MENT, concord: conformity: harmony: a bargain or
contract. [O. Fr. _agréer_, to accept kindly--L. _ad_, to, and _gratus_,
pleasing.]
AGRESTIC, a-gres'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the fields: rural: unpolished.
[L. _agrestis_--_ager_, a field.]
AGRICULTURE, ag'ri-kult-[=u]r, _n._ the art or practice of cultivating the
land.--_adj._ AGRICULT'URAL, relating to agriculture.--_n._ AGRICULT'URIST,
one skilled in agriculture: a farmer--also AGRICULT'URALIST. [L.
_agricultura_--_ager_, a field, _cultura_, cultivation. See CULTURE.]
AGRIMONY, ag'ri-mun-i, _n._ a genus of plants of the rose-group, with small
yellow flowers and bitter taste. [L. _agrimonia_, for _argemonia_, Gr.
_argem[=o]n[=e]_.]
AGRIN, a-grin', _adv._ on the grin.
AGRISE, a-gr[=i]z', _v.t._ (_obs._) to terrify, to make frightful. [A.S.
_[=a]gr[=i]san_, to dread.]
AGRONOMIAL, ag-r[=o]-n[=o]'mi-al, _adj._ relating to the management of
farms--also AGRONOM'IC.--_n._ AGRON'OMY, agricultural pursuits. [Gr.
_agronomos_; _agros_, a field, _nemein_, to deal out.]
AGROUND, a-grownd', _adv._ stranded.
AGUARDIENTE, a-gwär-di-[.e]n't[.e], _n._ a kind of grape-brandy made in
Spain and Portugal: any spirituous liquor, applied even to Mexican pulque.
[Sp., from _agua ardiente_, burning water; _agua_--L. _aqua_; _ardiente_,
_arder_--L. _ard[=e]re_, to burn.]
AGUE, [=a]'g[=u], _n._ a fever coming in periodical fits, accompanied with
shivering: chilliness: quaking.--_adj._ A'GUED, struck with ague:
shivering: cold; A'GUISH. [O. Fr. _aigue_ (Fr. _aigu_, sharp)--L. _acutus_.
See ACUTE.]
AGUERRIED, a-ger'id, _adj._ inured to war, or instructed in it. [Fr.
_aguerrir_, to make warlike; _à_--Lat. _ad_, to, and _guerre_, war.]
AGUISE, a-g[=i]z', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to dress, to adorn. [Pfx. _a-_, and
GUISE.]
AH, ä, _interj._ an exclamation of surprise, joy, pity, complaint, &c.
AHA, ä-hä', _interj._ an exclamation of exultation, pleasure, surprise, or
contempt.
AHEAD, a-hed', _adv._ farther on: in advance: headlong, as in the phrase
'to go _ahead_.'
AHEAP, a-h[=e]p', _adv._ in a heap: in a state of collapse through terror
or astonishment.
AHEIGHT, a-h[=i]t', _adv._ (_arch._) on high, aloft.
AHEM, a-hem', _interj._ a lengthened form of HEM.
AHITHOPHEL. See ACHITOPHEL.
AHIGH, a-h[=i]', _adv._ an obsolete form of ON HIGH.
AHOLD, a-h[=o]ld', _adv._ (_Shak._) near the wind, so as to keep clear of
the land.
AHORSEBACK, a-hors'bak, _adv._ on horseback.
AHOY, a-hoi', _interj._ a nautical term used in hailing. [Form of interj.
HOY.]
AHULL, a-hul', _adv._ (_naut._) with sails furled, and helm lashed to the
lee-side, driving before the wind, stern foremost.
AHUNGERED, a-hung'g[.e]rd, _adj._ oppressed with hunger. [Erroneously
written AN HUNGERED, as in Bible.]