Cost of the coals supplied to the_Account of the Skerryvore lighthouse

steamer “Skerryvore,” when plying

between the Skerryvore Rock, Hynish,

&c., for the household purposes of the

different departments of the works, and

also for the smith’s forge, 1463 0 7¹⁄₂

Cost of the blasting powder used for

the purpose of quarrying stones,

excavating rocks, &c. 375 14 2¹⁄₂

LIGHTHOUSE TOWER.

Wages of the workmen who were engaged

at Skerryvore Rock in building the

Tower, and shipping the materials at

Hynish for Rock, including the wages of

masons, &c., assisting the other

tradesmen in the respective departments

of their work, after the completion of

the building operations, £2381 11 7

Cost of the wainscot and other articles

for the joinery of the interior of the

Lighthouse; the wages of the joiners

preparing the wood at Hynish, and

fitting it up at the Tower, 1415 5 1

Green heart and oak for treenails, for

securing the lower courses of

Lighthouse Tower, 40 10 4

Plate-glass for windows and borrowed

lights in partitions of Tower, 84 7 4

Lewis bats, hinges, &c., for

entrance-door and shutters of Tower,

and the locks and other mounting for

the interior, 218 15 2

14 Copper oil-cisterns, a copper-pump,

gauging-rods for do., 276 10 7

Cast-iron water-tanks and coal-boxes,

for interior of Tower, 160 13 9

A large cooking apparatus for kitchen

of Tower, a stove to heat the lower

apartments, and cast-iron smoke-tubes

for both fire-places, 117 17 7

A bell-metal railing for balcony, 341 13 1

A bell-metal ladder from rock to

entrance-door of Tower, 194 13 4

A cast-iron pillar to support floor of

light-room, 17 8 7

A bell-metal lightning-conductor for

Tower, and fixtures, 65 13 0

Cast-iron permanent railway on the

Skerryvore Rock, from the landing creek

to the Tower; a cast-iron platform near

the Tower, and stairs at landing creek, 493 11 8

A crane erected at the landing creek,

for landing materials on the rock, 98 13 2

A copper flagstaff and ball for the top

of the Lighthouse Tower, with bell-metal

base, fixtures, pulleys, &c., 66 10 8

A brass force-pump, for pumping water

up from tanks to kitchen of Lighthouse, 31 17 5

Premiums paid the seamen who were

employed in the shipping department, in

lieu of extra time, 454 2 6

Premiums paid 17 seamen who were

employed in the building works at the

Rock during the season of 1842, in lieu

of extra time, 121 11 0

Premiums of the landing master at Rock,

foreman of masons, &c., 96 12 0

Cost of the furniture, bedding,

utensils, books, &c., for the

Lighthouse Tower, 304 6 10

Sundry furnishings connected with the

building of the Lighthouse Tower,--the

wages of workmen quarrying stones at

Hynish for Lighthouse Tower, previous

to opening quarries at North Bay, and

the wages of workmen, and furnishings

for the general purposes of the works, 1386 18 5¹⁄₂

Cost of three models, in stucco, of

different forms of the Lighthouse, 22 4 6

Cast-iron water-tanks, which were built

and secured into recesses of the rock,

for the supplying of the rock

works,--new water-casks, and their

repairs, for taking off water, 17 5 11

Feu-duty, rent of ground, assessed

taxes, &c., for the establishment at

Hynish, 143 6 4

---------------

8551 19 10¹⁄₂

Cost of the iron and steel which were

used for all the departments of the

works, 1299 3 5¹⁄₄

LIGHTROOM AND APPARATUS.

Cost of the lantern of cast-iron, with

facings of bell-metal, including the

cleaning and trimming paths, and

bell-metal ladder outside of lantern,

and the wages of the contractor’s

workmen fitting them up at Skerryvore, £863 13 6

Plate-glass for the lantern, 268 4 6

Copper dome of lantern, including the

internal frame of do., drip-pan, copper

steps, handles, air-tubes, rain-water

pipes, a platform outside of dome for

cleaning the vents, with the wages of

the contractor’s workmen fitting them

up at Skerryvore, 348 16 9

Machinery of the revolving apparatus,

and brass case for do. complete; three

machines for pumping the oil for

supplying the burner; the expense of

the lamps, fountains, &c.; and

bell-metal frames for annular lenses,

zones, pyramidal lenses, &c., with the

wages of the contractor’s workmen

fitting up the above apparatus at

Skerryvore, 1244 10 6¹⁄₂

The charge of Mr François

of Paris furnishing eight

annular lenses, and two

spare do., with eight

catadioptric frames of the

first order for lower part,

and eight pyramidal lenses,

with mirrors, for upper

part, £762 0 0

Expense of transporting the

whole apparatus to Leith, 79 7 10

----------

841 7 10

Cost of two bells, and one

spare do., used during

foggy weather, £107 6 3

Shafting for do.; bevel

wheels, levers, hammers,

&c., connecting with the

machinery of apparatus, 63 14 11¹⁄₂

-------------

171 1 2¹⁄₂

Eighteen screens for lantern, cased

with iron, and brass mounted, with

rollers, &c., and the time of workmen

fitting them up at Skerryvore, 48 7 6

Air watch-bells from lightroom to

bedrooms and kitchen, time of workmen

fitting them up at Skerryvore, and

furnishings for the complete working of

do., 34 13 0

Brass medallion heads and copper tubes

for ventilation of lightroom, 8 9 6

Wood and workmanship making models of

the catadioptric zones to a full size,

and a brass model of frame for zones to

a small scale, 22 1 2

---------------

3851 5 6

SALARIES, AGENCIES, AND OFFICE EXPENSES.

Salaries of the Engineer, Surveyor,

Clerk, and Store-keeper, including

expenses of the survey of the rocks and

adjoining Islands, £3262 10 5

Agency of the Agent at Aberdeen, who

made the monthly payments to the

workmen’s relatives, and for some time

superintending the making of tools;

and the agency of the Lighthouse Agent

at Greenock transacting business for

the works, 294 13 11

Iron safe, &c., books, and other

stationery for the various departments

of the works, 99 10 10

---------------

3656 15 2

Petty disbursements and miscellaneous

expenses, made on account of the

general purposes of the works, 308 7 9

LIGHTKEEPERS’ HOUSES.

Wages of workmen, quarrying, dressing,

and building the stones of houses at

Hynish for light-keepers, building the

brick partitions and lining of walls,

and the wages of joiners executing the

joiner-work, £1893 6 2

Timber and other articles used in the

joinery of the houses, 462 19 9

Plumber-work of roof, including the

expense of bringing the water into the

houses, &c., 963 18 6

Bricks for partitions, lining of

external walls, &c., 73 10 0

Pavement for floors, water-cisterns,

&c., 51 16 0

Workmanship, executing the plaster-work

(the lime being charged in a special

account for this article), 38 12 11

Glass for glazing the windows and

fan-lights, 20 12 3

Locks, hinges, and other mounting for

the doors and windows, 101 11 11

Cans for the chimney heads, 9 16 6

Furniture, bedding, utensils, &c.,

supplied for these houses, 299 0 4

---------------

3915 4 4

PIER AT HYNISH.

Wages of masons, quarriers, carters,

labourers, &c., quarrying, dressing,

and building the stones of a pier at

Hynish for the landing and shipping of

materials, £2300 17 1¹⁄₂

Iron rails for the works of building

the pier, 53 10 1

Timbers for fenders of pier, and other

purposes connected with the building of

it, 130 19 4

Cost of a pont for building the pier, 106 8 11

---------------

2591 15 5¹⁄₂

DOCK OR HARBOUR FOR TENDER.

Wages of workmen, quarrying, dressing,

and building stones to form a talus

wall and parapet along the south side

and round the point of the pier at

Hynish; raising the pier one course;

excavating rock in the interior of the

harbour or dock and along the point of

pier; quarrying, dressing, and building

the stones of boom-heads and walls of

dock; excavating reservoir and forming

embankment of do, for scouring sand,

&c., from the dock; forming the feeders

to reservoir, and the tail-race from

reservoir to dock, refreshments to

workmen during night and tide works,

&c., £6676 10 6

Timber for double set of boom-gates of

dock, copper for sheathing their ends,

and mounting for booms, 101 2 6

Timber used in constructing

coffer-dams, and for the general

purposes of the harbour works, 135 18 0

Cost of two sluices, and of the

machinery, &c., complete for working

them, 81 14 0

Two cast-iron ladders for sides of pier

and dock, 13 1 9

Cost of sea-boots, &c., and keeping

them in repair, which were used by the

workmen at tide works, 26 12 0

Cost of silt-pumps, and furnishings of

leather, &c., for making others, and

keeping them in repair, 9 10 0

Compensation paid the tenant of the

farm of Hynish, for liberty to cut

drains for a supply of water for a

reservoir, 5 0 0

Two signal lamps, two torches,

turpentine, &c., for signalizing when

the tender enters the dock at night, 5 14 8

---------------

7055 3 5

----------------

TOTAL, £89,817 6 11

DEDUCTIONS--

Price of steamer “Skerryvore,” sold, £1616 0 6

Do. of sloop “Queen,” sold, 200 0 0

Do. of 4 Stone Lighters, sold, 225 0 0

Do. of Horses and Carts, sold, 60 0 0

Implements sold or afterwards used at

other works of the Board, 738 8 10

---------------

2839 9 4

----------------

£86,977 17 7

APPENDIX, No. VII.

EXCERPTS FROM AN ACCOUNT OF EXPERIMENTS UPON THE FORCE OF THE WAVES

OF THE ATLANTIC AND GERMAN OCEANS. By THOMAS STEVENSON, F.R.S.E.,

CIVIL-ENGINEER, EDINBURGH.

(From the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. XVI.)

The letters (see Plate IV.) D E F D represent a cast-iron cylinder,

which is firmly bolted at the projecting flanges G to the rock where

the experiments are wanted. This cylinder has a flange at D D. L L is

a door, which is opened when the observation is to be read off. A A is

of iron, and forms a circular plate or disc, on which the sea impinges.

Fastened to the disc are four guide-rods B B B B. These rods pass

through a circular plate C C (which is screwed down to the flange D D),

and also through holes in the bottom E F. Within the cylinder there

is attached to the plate C C a powerful steel spring, to the other or

free end of which is fastened the small circular plate K K, which again

is secured to the guide-rods B B B B. There are also rings of leather

T T, that slide on the guide-rods, and serve as indices for registering

how far the rods are pushed through the holes in the bottom; or, in

other words, how much the spring has been drawn out or lengthened by

the force of the sea acting upon the plate or disc A A. The object of

having four leathern rings, where one might have answered the purpose,

was merely that they might serve as a check upon each other; and so

perfectly did they answer the purpose intended, that in every instance

they were found equidistant from the bottom of the cylinder; proving

thereby, that after the recoil of the spring, they had all kept their

places. The guide-rods are graduated, so as to enable the observer to

note exactly the quantity that the spring has yielded.

This instrument, which may, perhaps, be not improperly termed a

_Marine Dynamometer_, is, therefore, a self-registering apparatus

which indicates the maximum force of the waves. In the graduation of

the instrument, the power of the spring is ascertained by carefully

loading the disc with weights, so that when the quantity that the

spring has yielded by the action of the sea is known, the pressure due

to the area of the disc exposed is known also. The discs employed were

from 3 to 9 inches diameter, but generally 6 inches, and the powers

of the springs varied from 10 lb. to about 50 lb. for every ¹⁄₈ inch

of elongation. Their respective effects were afterwards reduced to a

value per square foot. The instrument was generally placed so as to be

immersed at about three-fourths tide, and in such situations as would

afford a considerable depth of water. It is not desirable to have the

instrument placed at a much lower level, as it has not unfrequently

happened during a gale, that for days together no one could approach

it to read off the result and readjust the indices to zero. It must,

however, at the same time be remarked, that it is in most situations

almost impossible to receive the force unimpaired, as the waves are

more or less broken by hidden rocks or shoal ground before they reach

the instrument.

In connection with the apparatus above described, a graduated pole was

erected on an outlying sunken rock, for the purpose of ascertaining the

height of the waves; but the observations were not of so satisfactory a

nature as could have been desired, and the poles soon worked loose from

their attachments, and disappeared.

With the instrument which has been explained, I entered upon the

following train of observations:--

In 1842 several observations were made on the waves of the Irish Sea

at the island of Little Ross, lying off the Bay of Kirkcudbright.

Since April 1843 till now, continued observations have been made on

the Atlantic at the Skerryvore and neighbouring rocks lying off the

island of Tyree, Argyllshire; and in 1844 a series of observations

was begun on the German Ocean at the Bell Rock. It will be seen, that

in selecting these localities a varied exposure has been embraced,

comprising the comparatively sheltered Irish Sea, the more exposed

eastern shore of Scotland, and the wild Rocks of Skerryvore, which are

open to the full fury of the Atlantic, the far distant shores of North

America being the nearest land on the west.

Referring for more full information to the tables of experiments which

are given at the end of this paper, it will be sufficient in this place

to state generally the following as the results obtained.

In the _Atlantic Ocean_, according to the observations made at the

Skerryvore rocks, the average of results for five of the _summer_

months during the years 1843 and 1844, is 611 lb. per square foot. The

average results for six of the _winter_ months (1843 and 1844), is 2086

lb. per square foot, or thrice as great as in the summer months.

The _greatest result_ yet obtained at Skerryvore was during the heavy

westerly gale of 29th March 1845, when a pressure of 6083 lb. per

square foot was registered. The next highest is 5323 lb.

In the _German Ocean_, according to the observations made at the Bell

Rock, the greatest result yet obtained is 3013 lb. per square foot.

It thus appears, that the greatest effect of the sea, which has been

observed, is that of the Atlantic at Skerryvore, which is nearly equal

to three tons per square foot.

These experiments, amounting to 267 in number, and on the Atlantic

alone, extending over 23 months continuously, are not intended to prove

anything farther than the simple fact, that the sea has been known to

exert a force equivalent to a pressure of three tons per square foot,

however much more.

It is proper, however, to observe, that there may be some objection

to referring the action of the sea to a statical value. Although the

instrument might perhaps be made capable of giving a dynamical result,

it was considered unnecessary, in these preliminary experiments, to

do anything more than represent the maximum pressure registered by

the spring, because the effects of the waves may, from supposing them

to have continuity of action, be perhaps regarded as similar to a

statical pressure, rather than to the impact of a hard body. The near

coincidence, or indeed almost perfect agreement of the results of the

experiments made with different instruments, goes far to shew that the

waves act in very much the same manner as a pressure, although both

pressure and impact must obviously enter into their effect. In the

experiments, begun February 1844, and given at the end of the paper,

the three instruments had not only different areas of discs, but very

different powers of springs, and yet the results were almost identical.

Now, the same force, supposing the waves to act like the impact of

a hard body, would, in the Marine Dynamometer, have assumed very

different statical values, according to the spaces in which that force

was expended or developed; so that with the same force of impact, the

indication of a weak spring would be less than that of a stronger.

In future experiments it may be interesting, however, to test the

springs dynamically, by means of the impact of a heavy body dropped

from a given height upon the plate or disc of the instrument. In some

experiments lately made in this way, by dropping a cannon-ball upon the

disc, it appeared, that, within the limits of the experiments, there

was for each individual spring a ratio between the value registered

by the leathern index and the calculated momentum of the impinging

body. These ratios were, of course, found to vary in springs of

different power, and to be constant only for springs of the same power.

Did the waves, therefore, act by a sudden finite impact, like the

cannon-ball employed in this instance, we could scarcely have found

such harmony between the results of instruments with different springs,

as the experiments alluded to afford. At the same time, the result

cannot, perhaps, be in strictness considered correct; but, from the

elongation of the spring being very small, the results may be regarded

as practically correct,--the more so when we find so remarkable a

coincidence of results as that alluded to.

EXPERIMENTS.--With reference to the following experiments I have only

to observe, that those which were made at Little Ross, upon the Irish

Sea, cannot, from the unusual fineness of the weather at the time,

be regarded as affording a true value of the effects of a hard gale

in these seas. Of the others it is to be noticed, that where two or

three instruments were for some time employed as a check upon each

other, and only one or two readings are given, the want has occurred

either from the instruments being under repair, or being difficult

of access in stormy weather, or during neap tides. It often happened

also, in consequence of the springs proving too weak, when new ones

had to be made, or the area of the disc reduced. Registers of the

state of the weather, apparent height of spray, &c., were generally

kept; but it was not considered necessary to complicate the Tables by

inserting these, excepting in one or two instances.

+-----------------+-----------------+

| | lbs. to a |

| Dates. | Square Foot. |

+-----------------+-----------------+

| Observations at Little Ross. |

| | |

|1842. | |

|April 25 | 15 |

| 28 | 51 |

|June 1 | 36 |

| 4 | 81·5 |

| 20 | 86·5 |

| 24 | 840·0 |

| 25 | 458·0 |

|July 25 | 380·0 |

|Aug. 2 | 570·0 |

| 5 | 665·0 |

| 6 | 380·0 |

| 9 | 380·0 |

| |

|The Observations at the Skerryvore |

|Rock, and the neighbouring Island |

|of Tyree, distant 13 miles from the|

|Skerryvore, are as follows:-- |

| |

|1843. | |

|April 24 | 455 |

| 25 | 707 |

|May 7 | 243 |

| 11 | 182 |

| 12 | 243 |

| 16 | 364 |

| 20 | { 495 |

| | { 476 |

|June 3 | 182 |

| 4 | 519 |

| 7 | 428 |

| 8 | 855 |

| 9 | 173 |

|July 2 | 476 |

| 3 | { 723 |

| | { 866 |

| 30 | 433 |

|Aug. 9 | 346 |

| 22 | 723 |

| 30 | 389 |

|Sept. 5 | 866 |

| 21 | 952 |

|Oct. 5 | 1535 |

| 6 | 1606 |

|Nov. 18 | 1711 |

| 19 | 1497 |

| 27 | 1497 |

| 29 | 2353 |

|Dec. 5 | 2674 |

| 8 | { 3421 |

| | { At least |

| 14 | 2460 |

| 26 | 1947 |

| |

|In January, two instruments were |

|placed beside each other, but not |

|set parallel. These instruments |

|had springs of different power, |

|the one being about double that |

|of the other, and one had a disc |

|of 3 inches diameter, the other |

|6 inches. |

| |

|1844. | |

|Jan. 6 | 962 |

| | 928 |

| 7 | 2353 |

| | 357 |

| 9 | 1925 |

| | 1000 |

| 10 | 826 |

| | 1000 |

| |

|Both instruments set parallel. |

| |

|1844. | |

|Jan. 16 | 424 |

| 16 | 427 |

| |

|Another instrument was placed |

|beside them, but the two marked |

|thus* were found to be too weak, |

|as the leathers were found |

|flattened, and one of the |

|instruments was broken, and was |

|not repaired till the 15th |

|February. |

| |

|1844. | |

|Jan. 28 | 3422* |

| | 2285* |

| | 3313 |

|Feb. 2 | 429 |

| | 457 |

| 3 | 429 |

| | 457 |

| 13 | 214 |

| | 228 |

| 15 | 321 |

| | 280 |

| | 321 |

| 16 | 428 |

| | 402 |

| | 343 |

| 24 | 1284 |

| | 1364 |

| | 685 |

| 26 | 2032 |

| | 2068 |

| | 399 |

| 27 | 321 |

| | 321 |

| | 342 |

|March 4 | 3316 |

| | 3369 |

| | 3427 |

| 7 | 1069 |

| | 963 |

| | 913 |

| 10 | 1925 |

| | 1925 |

| | 1713 |

| 11 | 535 |

| | 481 |

| | 456 |

| 12 | 3316 |

| | 4011 |

| | 2970 |

| 13 | 1142 |

| | 1283 |

|April 10 | 457 |

| | 428 |

| | 481 |

| 11 | 800 |

| 12 | 343 |

| | 321 |

| 14 | 571 |

| | 535 |

| 16 | 571 |

| | 642 |

| | 481 |

| 17 | 800 |

| | 856 |

| | 862 |

| 18 | 571 |

| | 481 |

| 19 | 800 |

| | 535 |

| | 481 |

| 22 | 913 |

| | 482 |

| | 962 |

| 24 | 1942 |

| | 1604 |

| | 1370 |

| 25 | 1283 |

| | 343 |

| | 321 |

| 27 | 457 |

| | 481 |

| { | Night 800 |

| { | tide |

| | 642 |

| 30 | 229 |

| | 241 |

|May 15 | 343 |

| 14 | 481 |

|June 6 | 571 |

| 15 | 1828 |

|July 11 | 1028 |

| 13 | 457 |

| 18 | 914 |

| 23 | 1532 |

| 25 | 571 |

| 26 | 971 |

| 27 | 457 |

| 28 | 1142 |

| 29 | 286 |

| 30 | 914 |

| 31 | 1028 |

|Aug. 1 | 571 |

| 7 | 914 |

| 13 | 914 |

| 14 | 914 |

| 21 | 800 |

| 30 | 1713 |

|Sept. 12 | 1028 |

| 14 | 914 |

| 20 | 457 |

| 23 | 1142 |

| 25 | 685 |

| 30 | 1599 |

|Oct. 2 | 2399 |

| 3 | 1485 |

| 4 | 1828 |

| 11 | 3427[88] |

| 14 | 1599 |

| 19 | 1599 |

| 20 | 2513 |

+-----------------+-----------------+

|1844. | |

|Oct. 22 | 800 |

| 24 | 1827 |

| 28 | 1485 |

| 29 | 457 |

|Nov. 2 | 1942 |

| 10 | 1028 |

| 14 | 1257 |

| 15 | 2056 |

| 16 | 2056 |

| 22 | 2627 |

| 23 | 3427 |

| 27 | 3199 |

| 28 | 4112 |

|Dec. 7 | 1369 |

| 9 | 2738 |

| 10 | 1825 |

| 13 | 1925 |

| 14 | 1027 |

| 15 | 1764 |

+-----------------+-----------------+

[88] On this occasion, 14 stones were slightly moved, and 14

scattered, all of which had been built into the round-head or

end of Hynish Pier, which was still in an unfinished state, and

a Dynamometer which was attached to the Pier, registered on this

occasion 2557 lb. These stones weighed from 1 to 1¹⁄₂ tons, and

exposed, when built into the wall, about two square feet of surface.

The stone to which the instrument was fixed was turned upside down,

although it weighed about 1¹⁄₄ ton = 2800 lb.

A more exposed point of the Skerryvore Rock was at this time chosen for

experiment; and with the view of ascertaining the effect of the waves

at different heights upon the rock, two instruments were fixed, the one

(No. I.) several feet lower, and about 40 feet seaward of the other

(No. II.). It was observed, that about half-flood the force of the

waves was a good deal expended before they reached the place where No.

I. was placed, from there being so little water on the rocks outside;

whereas when the tide was higher, the waves were, from the greater

depth of water, not so much broken when they reached No. II. The

results of the Marine Dynamometer shew generally about twice the force

at No. II. as at No. I.; a result which shews how important it would be

to ascertain the relative forces of the waves at different levels upon

our breakwaters and other seaworks.

+--------+-------------------------+-----------+------------+

+--------+-------------------------+-----------+------------+

|1845. | | | |

|Jan. 7|Heavy sea. | I. | 1714 |

| | | II. | 4182 |

| 12|Very heavy swell. | I. | 2856 |

| | | II. | 5032 |

| 16|Heavy ground swell. | I. | 2856 |

| | | II. | 4752 |

| 22|A good deal of sea. | I. | 2856 |

| | | II. | 5323 |

| 28|Heavy ground swell. | I. | 2627 |

| | | II. | 4562 |

|Feb. 5|Fresh gales. | I. | 856 |

| | | II. | 3042 |

| 21| | I. | 1827 |

| | | II. | 3422 |

| 24|Fresh breezes. | I. | 1256 |

| | | II. | 3802 |

|March 9|Ground swell. | I. | 1256 |

| |{Waves supposed about 10 | II. | 3041 |

| |{feet high. | | |

| 11|Short sea. | I. | 1028 |

| 24|Heavy sea. | I. | 2281 |

| |{Waves supposed about 20 | II. | 4562 |

| |{feet high. | | |

| 26|Swell. | I. | 1256 |

| |Waves about 6 feet high. | II. | 3041 |

| |{Strong gale, with heavy | | |

| |{sea, the highest waves | I. | 2856 |

| 29|{supposed 20 feet high, | | |

| |{and the spray rose | II. | 6083 |

| |{about 70 feet. | | |

+--------+-------------------------+-----------+------------+

_Register of Observations on the force of the Sea, made at the Bell

Rock, German Ocean._

+-----------------+-----------------+

| | lbs. to a |

| Dates. | Square Foot. |

+-----------------+-----------------+

|1844. | |

|Sept. 15 | 853 |

| 20 | 2260 |

|Oct. 9 | 3013 |

| | 2562 |

| 26 | 1142 |

| 27 | 958 |

|Nov. 12 | 1680 |

| 13 | 1920 |

|Dec. 13 | 1560 |

| 26 | 1439 |

| | |

|1845. | |

|Jan. 7 | 1559 |

| 10 | 1439 |

| 11 | 1439 |

| 15 | 1559 |

| 25 | 959 |

| 26 | 719 |

|Jan. 27 | 1199 |

| 30 | 2879 |

| 31 | 1559 |

|Feb. 6 | 2999 |

| 24 | 1199 |

| 25 | 959 |

| 27 | 839 |

| 28 | 1319 |

|March 4 | 959 |

| 7 | 1079 |

| 11 | 1919 |

| 20 | 2519 |

| 21 | 2759 |

| 24 | 1319 |

| 25 | 959 |

| 28 | 599 |

| 30 | 1079 |

+-----------------+-----------------+

APPENDIX, No. VIII.

LIST OF NORTHERN LIGHTHOUSES, BEACONS AND BUOYS.

FOR 1848.

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

| | |

| Name | |

| of Light. | Situation of Light. |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|INCHKEITH |Highest Land on the Island of Inchkeith, in Fifeshire |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|ISLE OF MAY|Highest Land on Isle of May, in Fifeshire |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|DO. LEADING|Placed about 130 feet below the High Light, and to the |

|LIGHT |NE. by N. of it |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|BELL ROCK |Bell Rock, a sunk reef, 11³⁄₄ miles S. by E. ¹⁄₃ E. off |

| |Arbroath, in Forfarshire |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|GIRDLENESS |Girdleness, Kincardineshire |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|BUCHANNESS |Buchanness, Aberdeenshire |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|KINNAIRD- |Kinnairdhead, Aberdeenshire |

|HEAD | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|COVESEA |Craighead, Morayshire |

|SKERRIES | |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|CHANONRY |Chanonry Point, Ross-shire |

|POINT | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|CROMARTY |Cromartyshire |

|POINT | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|TARBETNESS |Tarbetness, Cromartyshire |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|NOSSHEAD |Nosshead, Caithness-shire (building) |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|DUNNETHEAD |Dunnethead, most northern point of the Mainland of |

| |Scotland, Caithness-shire |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|PENTLAND |Pentland Skerries Island, Orkney |

|SKERRIES | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|START POINT|Start Point, Sanday Island, the most eastern point of |

| |Orkney |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|SUMBURGH- |The most southern Headland of Zetland |

|HEAD | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|CAPE WRATH |Cape Wrath, north-western Headland of Sutherlandshire |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|ISLAND |Island Glass, one of the Harris Isles, Inverness-shire |

|GLASS | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|BARRAHEAD |Highest land on Bernera Island, Inverness-shire |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|ARDNA- |Ardnamurchan Point, Argyleshire (building) |

|MURCHAN | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|LISMORE |Mousedale, small Island off Lismore, Argyleshire |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|SKERRY- |Skerryvore Reef, 12 miles WSW. ¹⁄₂ W. from Tyree Island,|

|VORE[89] |with foul ground all round it |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|RHINS OF |Oversay, small Island off Islay, Argyleshire |

|ISLAY | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|MULL OF |South-western Headland of Argyleshire |

|KINTYRE | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|PLADDA |Pladda Isle, off south-east point of Arran, county of |

| |Bute |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|CORSEWALL |Western side of entrance to Loch Ryan, in Wigtonshire |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|LOCH RYAN |Cairn Ryan Point, within Loch Ryan, Wigtonshire |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|MULL OF |Southern extremity of the Mainland of Scotland, |

|GALLOWAY |Wigtonshire |

| | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|LITTLE ROSS|Little Ross Island, Kirkcudbrightshire |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|POINT OF |Northern extremity of Isle of Man |

|AYRE | |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

|CALF OF MAN|West side Calf Island, at the southern extremity of Isle|

| |of Man |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

| | | |

| | Number| |

| Name | of | |

| of Light. |Lights.| Appearance of Light. |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|INCHKEITH |One |Revolving, and appearing in its brightest state |

| | |once every minute |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|ISLE OF MAY|One |Fixed |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|DO. LEADING|One |Fixed |

|LIGHT | | |

| | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|BELL ROCK |One |Revolving, and shewing alternately a red and |

| | |white light every 2 minutes |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|GIRDLENESS |Two |Fixed Lights, one above the other |

| | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|BUCHANNESS |One |Flashing once every 5 seconds |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|KINNAIRD- |One |Fixed |

|HEAD | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|COVESEA |One |Revolving, and appearing in its brightest state |

|SKERRIES | |once every minute. From W. by N. ¹⁄₄ N. to SE. |

| | |by E. ¹⁄₄ E. the light is of the natural |

| | |appearance; but from SE. by E. ¹⁄₄ E. to SE. ¹⁄₄|

| | |S. it is coloured RED |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|CHANONRY |One |Fixed |

|POINT | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|CROMARTY |One |Fixed and red |

|POINT | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|TARBETNESS |One |Intermittent, suddenly bursting into view, and |

| | |continuing in sight 2¹⁄₂ min., then suddenly |

| | |eclipsed for half a minute. But within the Moray|

| | |Frith, in Southerly and South-westerly |

| | |directions from Tarbetness, the light does not |

| | |intermit, but is permanently visible |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|NOSSHEAD | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|DUNNETHEAD |One |Fixed |

| | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|PENTLAND |Two |Fixed, and 100 feet apart |

|SKERRIES | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|START POINT|One |Revolving, and appearing in its brightest state |

| | |once every minute |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|SUMBURGH- |One |Fixed |

|HEAD | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|CAPE WRATH |One |Revolving, and shewing alternately a red and |

| | |white light every 2 minutes |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|ISLAND |One |Fixed |

|GLASS | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|BARRAHEAD |One |Intermittent, suddenly bursting into view, and |

| | |continuing in sight 2¹⁄₂ min., then suddenly |

| | |eclipsed for half a minute |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|ARDNA- | | |

|MURCHAN | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|LISMORE |One |Fixed |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|SKERRY- |One |Revolving, and appearing at its brightest once |

|VORE[89] | |every minute |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|RHINS OF |One |Flashing once every 5 seconds |

|ISLAY | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|MULL OF |One |Fixed |

|KINTYRE | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|PLADDA |Two |Fixed, the one above the other |

| | | |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|CORSEWALL |One |Revolving, and shewing alternately a red and |

| | |white light every 2 minutes |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|LOCH RYAN |One |Fixed |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|MULL OF |One |Intermittent, suddenly bursting into view, and |

|GALLOWAY | |continuing in sight 2¹⁄₂ min., then suddenly |

| | |eclipsed for half a minute |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|LITTLE ROSS|One |Flashing once every 5 seconds |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|POINT OF |One |Revolving, and shewing alternately a red and |

|AYRE | |white light every 2 minutes |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

|CALF OF MAN|Two |Revolving, and shewing white lights every 2 |

| | |minutes |

+-----------+-------+------------------------------------------------+

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| | | |

| | Dis- | |

| | tance| |

| | visi-| |

| | ble | |

| | in | |

| Name |Nautic| |

| of Light. |Miles.| Points of Compass within which Light is Visible.|

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|INCHKEITH | 18 |All round the Compass |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|ISLE OF MAY| 21 |All round the Compass |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|DO. LEADING| 15 |When _seen in_ ONE _line_ with the High Light, |

|LIGHT | |these two Lights bear NE. by N. ¹⁄₄ N., and SW. |

| | |by S. ¹⁄₄ S., and in this line lead about _half a|

| | |mile_ to the Eastward of the North Carr Rock. The|

| | |Lights must on no account be opened to the |

| | |Westward |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|BELL ROCK | 14 |All round the Compass |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|GIRDLENESS | 19 & |From NNE. to WSW. ¹⁄₂ W. Easterly and Southerly |

| | 16 | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|BUCHANNESS | 16 |From N. by E. to SW. by W. Easterly |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|KINNAIRD- | 15 |From WNW. to SE. Northerly |

|HEAD | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|COVESEA | 18 |From W. by N. ¹⁄₄ N. to SE. ¹⁄₄ S. Northerly |

|SKERRIES | | |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|CHANONRY | 11 |From W. ¹⁄₂ N. to N. by E. Southerly |

|POINT | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|CROMARTY | 9 |From WNW. to SE. by E. ¹⁄₄ S. Northerly |

|POINT | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|TARBETNESS | 18 |From SW. ¹⁄₂ W. to W. ¹⁄₂ N. Easterly |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|NOSSHEAD | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|DUNNETHEAD | 23 |From SE. ¹⁄₂ E. to W. Northerly |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|PENTLAND | 16 & |All round the Compass |

|SKERRIES | 18 | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|START POINT| 15 |All round the Compass |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|SUMBURGH- | 22 |From NE. by E. ¹⁄₄ E. to NW. by N. ¹⁄₄ N. |

|HEAD | |Southerly |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|CAPE WRATH | 25 |From SE. ¹⁄₂ E. to SW. by W. Northerly |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|ISLAND | 16 |From W. by S. to ENE. ¹⁄₂ E. Southerly |

|GLASS | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|BARRAHEAD | 32 |From N. by E. to ENE. Westerly and Southerly |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|ARDNA- | | |

|MURCHAN | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|LISMORE | 15 |From E. to NE. by E. ¹⁄₄ E. Westerly |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|SKERRY- | 18 |All round the Compass |

|VORE[89] | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|RHINS OF | 17 |From NNE. to SE. Southerly |

|ISLAY | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|MULL OF | 22 |From NNE. ¹⁄₂ E. to S. by W. ¹⁄₄ W. Southerly |

|KINTYRE | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|PLADDA | 13 & |From NW. by W. to NE. by E. Southerly |

| | 16 | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|CORSEWALL | 15 |From NE. by E. to SW. Northerly |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|LOCH RYAN | 10 |From S. by W. ¹⁄₈ W. to N. ⁷⁄₈ E. Westerly |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|MULL OF | 23 |From NE. to NW. ¹⁄₂ W. Southerly |

|GALLOWAY | | |

| | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|LITTLE ROSS| 18 |From N. by E. to NW. by W. Southerly |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|POINT OF | 15 |From S. by W. to W. by N. Northerly |

|AYRE | | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

|CALF OF MAN| 22 & |From NE. ¹⁄₃ to SW. W. Southerly |

| | 24 | |

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

| | of | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|INCHKEITH | 220 |56° 2′| 3° 8′| 1804 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|ISLE OF MAY| 240 |56° 11′| 2° 33′| 1816 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|DO. LEADING| 110 | | | 1844 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|BELL ROCK | 90 |56° 26′| 2° 23′| 1811 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|GIRDLENESS | 185 & |57° 8′| 2° 3′| 1833 |

| | 115 | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|BUCHANNESS | 130 |57° 28′| 1° 46′| 1827 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|KINNAIRD- | 120 |57° 42′| 2° 0′| 1787 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|COVESEA | 160 |57° 43′| 3° 20′| 1846 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|CHANONRY | 40 |57° 35′| 4° 5′| 1846 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|CROMARTY | 50 |57° 41′| 4° 2′| 1846 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|TARBETNESS | 175 |57° 51′| 8° 48′| 1830 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|DUNNETHEAD | 346 |58° 40′| 3° 21′| 1831 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|PENTLAND | 140 & |58° 41′| 2° 55′| 1794 |

|SKERRIES | 170 | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|START POINT| 100 |59° 17′| 2° 23′| 1806 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|SUMBURGH- | 300 |59° 51′| 1° 16′| 1821 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|CAPE WRATH | 400 |58° 37′| 5° 0′| 1828 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|ISLAND | 130 |57° 52′| 6° 33′| 1789 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|BARRAHEAD | 680 |56° 48′| 7° 38′| 1833 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|LISMORE | 103 |56° 30′| 5° 38′| 1833 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|SKERRY- | 150 |56° 19′| 7° 7′| 1844 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|RHINS OF | 150 |55° 41′| 6° 29′| 1825 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|MULL OF | 297 |55° 1′| 5° 49′| 1787 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|PLADDA | 77 & |55° 26′| 5° 7′| 1790 |

| | 130 | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|CORSEWALL | 112 |55° 1′| 5° 9′| 1817 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|LOCH RYAN | 30 |54° 58′| 5° 2′| 1847 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|MULL OF | 325 |54° 38′| 4° 51′| 1830 |

| | | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|LITTLE ROSS| 175 |54° 46′| 4° 5′| 1843 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|POINT OF | 106 |54° 25′| 4° 22′| 1818 |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

|CALF OF MAN| 275 & |54° 3′| 4° 49′| 1818 |

| | 368 | | | |

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

[89] At Hynish Point in Tyree Island, two fixed Lights are shewn from

the Pier, but ONLY when the Vessel which attends the Lighthouse is

expected to enter the Dock at Hynish. In the Trinity House Chart,

Skerryvore Light is erroneously described as “Intermittent.”

BEACONS AND BUOYS.

FRITH OF FORTH DISTRICT.

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | |E. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | |N. ¹⁄₂ N. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |by E. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |E. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |E. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |³⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

| | | |E. ¹⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₄ E. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |E. ³⁄₄ E. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |E. |

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₄ E. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₂ S. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |N. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| |White and | |³⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |¹⁄₂ W. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |³⁄₄ W. |

| | | | |

| | | |by S. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₂ S. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| |dric Cage on| |E. ³⁄₄ N. |

| |Red. | |by S. ¹⁄₂ S. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | |W. |

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₂ W. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |NE. |

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₄ S. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

BEACONS AND BUOYS.

DISTRICT OF FRITHS OF MORAY, CROMARTY, INVERNESS, AND DORNOCH.

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | |Spring |W. |

| | | |E. ¹⁄₂ N. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |⁵⁄₈ S. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₄ E. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |³⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

| | | |W. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | |¹⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

|North Angle.| | |W. ¹⁄₂ S. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

|WHITENNESS | -- | -- | -- |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |⁵⁄₈ E. |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |SE. ³⁄₄ E. |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | |³⁄₄ W. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |W. |

+------------+------------+---------+--------------------------------+

BEACONS AND BUOYS.

FRITH OF CLYDE DISTRICT.

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₂ W. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| |with Wire |Low | |

| | | |¹⁄₄ N. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| |with Wire |Low | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |¹⁄₂ W. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

|POINT, IN | | |E. |

| | | |¹⁄₂ W. |

| | | | |

| | | |W. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| |Red. | |LAGGAN POINT--Bearing SSE. ¹⁄₂ E.|

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

BEACONS AND BUOYS.

LOCH FYNE DISTRICT.

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

|OFF |8 Feet Buoy.|2³⁄₄ |SOUTH-WEST EXTREMITY of WEST and |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |E. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |¹⁄₄ S. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

BEACONS AND BUOYS.

OBAN BAY, ARGYLESHIRE.

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

|N.B.--_No Vessel should attempt to pass between those Buoys._ |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

BEACONS AND BUOYS.

LINNHE LOCH DISTRICT, ARGYLESHIRE.

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |W. |

| | | | |

| | | |³⁄₄ E. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | |E. |

| | | | |

| | | |³⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

| | | |W. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |S. ¹⁄₈ W. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |NNW. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |E. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | | |

| | | |W. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |E. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |by N. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |¹⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

| | | |E. ³⁄₈ S. |

| | | | |

| | | |NE. |

| | | | |

| | | |E. ¹⁄₄ E. |

| | | | |

| | | |¹⁄₈ W. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

|BUOY. | | |¹⁄₈ E. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | |W. ³⁄₄ W. |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

| | | |N. |

| | | | |

| | | |E. ⁷⁄₈ S. |

| | | | |

+------------+------------+--------+---------------------------------+

_By order of the Board_,

ALAN STEVENSON, _Engineer_.

_Edinburgh_, _1st January 1848_.

NOTICE TO MARINERS.

THE COMMISSIONERS OF NORTHERN LIGHTHOUSES _have resolved to publish, on

1st January annually, for the use of Mariners, a Descriptive List of

all the Lighthouses, Beacons, and Buoys under their charge, giving the

characteristic appearance and correct bearings of each._

MARINERS _are particularly requested to notice, that they should_ NEVER

PURCHASE _any List_ EXCEPT THAT FOR THE YEAR CURRENT _at the time of

purchase. As changes may have taken place, no reliance can be placed on

any List which has been published for a preceding year._

PUBLISHERS _are particularly cautioned not to sell any List which has

been published on a preceding year. Arrangements have been made with

the Publishers of the Board, that all copies remaining on hand with

any Publisher, at the close of any year, will be exchanged for the New

Issue; and all Publishers are_ MOST PARTICULARLY REQUESTED _not to

retain on hand any copies of a past issue._

_By Order of the Board_,

ALEX. CUNINGHAM, _Secretary_.

NORTHERN LIGHTS OFFICE, }

EDINBURGH, _1st January 1848_. }

APPENDIX, No. IX.

REPORT TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF NORTHERN LIGHTHOUSES, FOR THE YEAR 1846;

WITH APPENDICES. BY ALEXANDER CUNINGHAM, W.S., SECRETARY TO THE BOARD.

The gross amount of DUTIES received from Shipping in the year to 31st

December 1846, as per detailed State appended hereto (No. I., p. 429),

is £46,001 : 11 : 2⁶⁄₈.

The COMMISSION paid to Collectors in the same period is £2401 : 7 :

3⁴⁄₈, and Repayments of Duties erroneously charged, &c., £218 : 16 :

10²⁄₈, making the nett amount of Duties for the year £43,381 : 7 : 1,

as also appears from State, No. I., p. 429.

The nett amount of Duties in the year 1845 was £52,391 8 4

While that received in 1846 is 43,381 7 1

-------------

Making a DEFICIENCY in the year of £9,010 1 3

Whereof--

Half-year to 30th June, £2350 9 1

Ditto to 31st December, 6659 12 2

----------- £9,010 1 3

=========================

It is to be observed, however, that during the currency of this year,

two reductions in the amount of Light-duties, resolved upon by the

BOARD, have come into operation.

1. The first of these reductions was one halfpenny per ton (or one-half

of the amount leviable by Statute) for the Bell Rock Light; one

farthing per ton (or one-half of the amount leviable) for each of the

Lights of Corsewell and Mull of Galloway; and one-eighth of a penny

per ton (or one-fourth of the amount leviable) for Pladda Light. These

reductions were in operation during the first half of the year 1846.

They were estimated to produce a deficiency in the annual Revenue of

£5160, which, for the half-year, gives £2580. The actual deficiency in

the amount levied for the first half of 1846, over that levied in the

corresponding period of the preceding year, was £2350 : 9 : 1, being

still £230 under the estimated amount.

2. The BOARD came to the resolution of making such a further reduction

as should, including the previous one, give an aggregate abatement

to the Coasting Trade, for each of the Lighthouses, of 50 per cent.,

that is, the amount leviable for each of the Lights being, previous

to the first reduction, one halfpenny per ton, was reduced for the

Coasting Trade to one farthing per ton; the amount for the Bell Rock

and Skerryvore Lights, being one penny, was reduced to one halfpenny

per ton. This reduction commenced on the 1st day of July 1846, and

has consequently been in operation during the last half of that year.

It was estimated to produce a deficiency in the annual revenue of the

Board of £14,394 : 14 : 5, which, for the half-year, gives £7197 : 9 :

2. The actual deficiency in the amount levied for the last half of

1846, over that levied in the corresponding period of the preceding

year, was £6659 : 12 : 2, being £540 under the estimated amount.

It is also proper to observe, that while there is the above

deficiency in Receipts of the year 1846, as contrasted with

1845, of £9010 1 3

There was a surplus Receipt of the year 1845, as

contrasted with 1844, amounting to 6612 17 8

-----------

Making the DEFICIENCY in 1846, as contrasted with the

RECEIPTS of 1844, upon which the calculations of the Board

were founded, only £2397 3 7

===========

On the other hand, the greater reduction having been in operation only

during half the year, a greater deficiency in the Revenue must be

looked for in future years.

The Light-Duties in 1845 were contributed by 163,174 vessels in

the Coasting Trade, giving an aggregate tonnage of 15,566,461, and

by 45,612 vessels in Oversea Trade, giving an aggregate tonnage of

9,300,983.

The Light-Duties in 1846 have been contributed by 163,166 vessels in

the Coasting Trade, giving an aggregate tonnage of 15,926,634, and by

50,324 vessels in the Oversea Trade, giving an aggregate tonnage of

9,577,478.

A contrast of these statements shews an increase in the Coasting Trade

of 1846 in tonnage of 360,173, with eight fewer vessels; and in the

Oversea Trade an increase of 4712 vessels, with a tonnage of 276,495.

These results (somewhat singular in their relative amounts) establish

the important fact, that, though there is a deficiency in the revenue

of the Board, it truly arises from the reductions in the Duties, and

not from any reduction in the Shipping.

For the information of the Board, there will be found appended (p. 433)

a statement shewing the progressive increase of tonnage during the last

four years.

The amount of Duties received in the year 1846, as

above, is £46,001 11 2⁶⁄₈

While the Ordinary Expenditure of the Board has been 32,063 6 3

----------------

Giving a Surplus Receipt for the year to meet

Extraordinary Expenditure of (see State, No. II.,

p. 432) £13,938 4 11⁶⁄₈

================

But the total Expenditure of the Board in the Year

has been £60,374 15 9²⁄₈

From which if there be deducted the Gross Receipts,

per page 425, 47,895 8 8⁶⁄₈

----------------

It gives a Balance superexpended beyond the surplus

of the year of £12,479 7 0⁴⁄₈

The Balance on hand at 31st March 1846

was £42,069 6 10

While that on hand at 31st March 1847

is 29,589 19 9⁴⁄₈

----------------

Difference equal to superexpenditure, £12,479 7 0⁴⁄₈

================

There has been expended on the various Works in progress, prior to the

year 1846 and in that year, as follows:--

+----------------------+-------------+--------------+----------------+

| | to 1846. | In 1846. | TOTAL. |

+----------------------+-------------+--------------+----------------+

|Works |£93,576 10 0| £227 8 2 |£93,803 18 2 |

| Add Bo-Pheg Beacon | 416 10 7| 25 10 1 | 442 0 8 |

| +-------------+--------------+----------------+

| |£93,993 0 7| £252 18 3 |£94,245 18 10 |

|Works | 9,523 17 6|1,109 5 4 | 10,633 2 10 |

|Cromarty Ditto | 2,895 18 8| 342 9 3 | 3,238 7 11 |

|Chanonry Ditto | 2,832 16 1| 405 7 8 | 3,238 3 9 |

|Ardnamurchan Ditto | 296 2 2|2,343 17 6 | 2,639 19 8 |

|Laggan Spur Beacon | ... ... | 748 10 6 | 748 10 6 |

|Inclosures | 3,064 15 3|1,797 3 5¹⁄₂| 4,861 18 8¹⁄₂|

|Works | ... ... |1,467 6 1 | 1,467 6 1 |

|Loch Ryan Ditto | ... ... | 829 12 9¹⁄₂| 829 12 9¹⁄₂|

|Works | ... ... |3,135 17 5¹⁄₂| 3,135 17 5¹⁄₂|

|Ditto Dioptric Light | ... ... |2,037 11 4 | 2,037 11 4 |

|Lights | ... ... |3,035 14 4 | 3,035 14 4 |

|Buoys, &c. | ... ... |1,549 14 11¹⁄₂| 1,549 14 11¹⁄₂|

|Campbeltown Beacons | ... ... | 17 4 10 | 17 4 10 |

|Lappock Beacon | ... ... | 8 12 5 | 8 12 5 |

|Startpoint New Works | ... ... | 5 19 4 | 5 19 4 |

|Elie or Vows Beacon | ... ... | 205 5 8 | 205 5 8 |

|Whiteness Beacon | ... ... | 152 5 8 | 152 5 8 |

|Longman’s Point Ditto | ... ... | 164 15 6 | 164 15 6 |

|Loch Ryan Ditto | ... ... | 152 5 9 | 152 5 9 |

|Brist Beacon | 734 2 9| 8 12 5 | 742 15 2 |

|and Road | 586 14 4| 647 17 9 | 1,234 12 1 |

+----------------------+-------------+--------------+----------------+

There has been expended on the new Steamer “Pharos,” £18,977 : 6 : 7.

The COMMISSIONERS have purchased a House at Crail for £105 : 19 : 4 for

the use of the Boatmen attending at the Isle of May.

The attention of the COMMISSIONERS is called to the circumstance that

a complete change has been made this year in the mode of stating the

Accounts. The Accounts are now, for the first time, concentrated in the

Secretary’s department, and for every item entered in the subjoined

abstract, reference is now, and will hereafter, be made to a page of

the Ledger containing a detailed account vouching the charge. Following

out this arrangement, the account has been branched into three heads

or divisions. The first head comprises the _ordinary_ expenses of

the Lighthouses. In this branch it has been thought right to state

separately, under the head of the Isle of May, the interest on the

debt to Government, being the balance of the price of the Island.

The second head comprises the ordinary expenses of the Board, not in

the first instance chargeable against any particular Lighthouse, but

falling to be afterwards allocated in the final view of the Receipt and

Expenditure of each Lighthouse. This branch is again subdivided so as

to shew--

1. The Expense of Collection.

2. Repayments, &c. of Light-Duties overcharged.

3. The Expense of the Establishment, including Salaries, Stationery,

&c.

4. The Shipping Establishment.

5. Beacons and Buoys--ordinary maintenance.

6. The Storehouse, Leith.

7. Charities and Superannuations.

8. Miscellaneous Payments.

The last division of the abstract comprises what is termed the

_extraordinary_ expenditure, that is, the expense of New Works and

others not falling to be allocated upon the Lighthouses.

* * * * *

In effecting this change, various payments which appeared in the former

abstracts will not now be found in the present, such as Rents and

Feu-duties, which are now charged to the respective Lighthouses for

which they are paid; the Storekeeper’s Salary, which is stated in the

Storehouse Account; the Office-Keeper’s, in the Office Account, &c.,

and the Salaries of the Officers of the Board will be found under the

head of Edinburgh Establishment.

ABSTRACT _of the_ RECEIPTS _and_ PAYMENTS _on Account of the_ DUTIES

_levied for the_ NORTHERN LIGHTHOUSES _for the year 1846._