Book i. chap. 3, § 11. Ὦ τλῆμον, ἔφη ὁ Σωχράτης, καὶ τί ἂν οἴει παθεῖν,
καλὸν φιλήσας; αρ’ οὐκ ἂν αὐτίκα μάλα _δοῦλος_ μὲν εἶναι ἀντ’ ἐλευθέρου;
“Miserum te, ait Socrates, quid eventurum tibi existimas, si formosum
osculeris? annon subitò pro libero _servus_ esses?” _Leunclavius._
Chap. 5. § 2. _Δούλω_ δ’ ἀκρατεῖ ἐπιτρέψαιμεν ἂν ἢ βοσκήματα ἢ ταμιεῖα ἢ
ἔργων επιστασίαν;
“Et servo intemperanti num vel pecora, vel penum, vel ut operi præesset,
committeremus?” _Leunc._
§ 3. Ἀλλὰ μὴν εἴ γὲ μηδὲ _δοῦλον_ ἀκρατῆ δεξαίμεθ’ ἂν, πῶς οὐκ ἄξιον
αὑτόν γε φυλάξασθαι τοιοῦτον γενέσθαι;
“Enimvero si ne _servum_ quidem intemperantem accepturi simus, quî non
operæ pretium sit cavere ne quis ipse talis fiat?” _Leunc._
§ 5. Ἢ τίς οὐκ ἂν, ταῖς ἡδοναῖς _δουλεύων_, αἰσχρῶς διατεθείη καὶ τὸ
σῶμα καὶ τὴν ψυχήν;
“Quis voluptatibus _serviens_ non turpiter tum corpore tum animo
affectus sit?” _Leunc._
Ibid. Ἐμοὶ μὲν δοκεῖ, νὴ τὴν Ἥραν, ἐλευθέρω μὲν ἀνδρὶ εὐκτέον εἶναι, μὴ
τυχεῖν _δούλου_ τοιότου, _δουλεύοντα_ δὲ ταῖς τοαύταις ἡδοναῖς,
ἱκετεύειν τοὺς θεοὺς, δεσποτῶν ἀγαθῶν τυχεῖν.
“Equidem ita profectò statuo, homini libero optandum esse, ut hujusmodi
_servum_ non consequatur, atque illi qui voluptatibus ejusmodi servit
deos esse obsecrandos ut dominos bonos nanciscatur.” _Leunc._
Book ii. chap. 1. § 11. Ἀλλ’ ἐγώ τοι, ἔφη ὁ Ἀρίστιππος, οὐδὲ εἰς τὴν
_δουλείαν_ αὖ ἐμαυτὸν τάττω· ἀλλ’ εἶναι τις μοὶ δοκεῖ μέοη τούτων ὁδὸς,
ἣν πειρῶμαι βαδίζειν, οὔτε δι’ ἀρχῆς, οὔτε διὰ _δουλείας_, ἀλλὰ δι’
ἐλευθερίας, ἥπερ μάλιστα πρὸς εὐδαιμονίαν ἄγει. (12) Ἀλλ’, εἰ μέντοι,
ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης, ὥπερ οὔτε δι’ ἀρχῆς οὔτε διὰ _δουλείας_ ἡ ὁδὸς αὕτη
φέρει, οὕτω μηδὲ δι’ ἀνθρώπων, ἴσως ἂν τι λέγοις.
“I surely, says Aristippus, do not place myself in slavery; but my
doctrine is, that the condition equally free from the objections of
those who govern and of those who are in _slavery_, is true liberty.
But, says Socrates, the condition of which you speak, beyond the
influences affecting those who bear rule or those in _slavery_, can
never exist among men; for,” &c. § 12. ὡς _δούλοις_ χρῆσθαι—“for safety
they desire _slavery_.”
§ 13. Ἕως ἂν πείσωσιν ἑλέσθαι _δουλεύειν_ ἀντὶ τοῦ πολεμεῖν τοῖς
χρείττοσι;
“Donec persuaserint eis _servire_ potiùs quàm bellum cum potioribus
gerere?”
§ 15. Ἦ διότι καὶ _δοῦλος_ ἂν οἴει τοιοῦτος εἶναι, ἷιος μηδενὶ δεσπότῃ
λυσιτελεῖν;
“An quòd talem te _servum_ esse putas, qui nulli domino prosit?”
Chap. 6. § 9. Χαλεπὸν δὲ καὶ δήσαντα κατέχειν, ὥσπερ _δοῦλον_.
“Neque minùs difficile vinctum retinere tanquam _servum_.” _Leunc._
Chap. 7. § 3 and 4. Ὅτι νὴ Δί’, ἕφη, ὁ μὲν _δούλους_ τρέφει, ἐγὼ δὲ
ἐλευθέρους. (4) Καὶ πότερον, ἒφη, τοὺς παρὰ σοὶ ἐλευθέρους οἴει βελτίους
εἶναι ἢ τοὺς παρὰ Κεράμωνι _δούλους_;
“By Jupiter, (says Aristarchus,) _the reason is obvious_. He (Ceramon)
rears up _slaves_, while I only employ freemen. Well, then, truly, says
(Socrates), which do you esteem the most valuable, your freemen or
Ceramon’s _slaves_?”
Chap. 8. § 4. Χαλεπῶς ἂν, ἔφη, ἐγὼ, ὦ Σώκρατες, _δουλείαν_ ὑπομείναιμι.
Καὶ μὴν οἵ λε ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι προστατεύοντες, καὶ τῶν δημοσίων
ἐπιμελόμενοι οὐ _δουλοπρεπέστεροι_ ἕνεκα τούτου, ἀλλ’ ἐλευθεριώτεροι
νομίζονται.
“But it is difficult, O Socrates, for me to submit to _slavery_. But
(says Socrates) high political officers, and all those who have charge
of public affairs, are not esteemed to be in a _slavish_ employment, but
in that which is the most appropriate to the most elevated of freemen.”
Book iii. chap. 12. § 2. Πολλοὶ δὲ δι’ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ζῶντες ἁλίσκονται, καὶ
ἁλόντες ἤτοι _δουλεύουσι_ τὸν λοιπὸν βίον, ἐὰν οὕτω τύχωσι, τὴν
χαλεπωτάτην _δουλείαν_.
“Many endure the most burdensome _slavery_, produced by their having
been taken captives in war, and as captives, _slaves_ themselves through
the remainder of life.”
Book iv. chap. 2. § 33. Τί δέ; τὸν Δαίδαλον, ἔφη, οὐκ ἀκήκοας, ὅτι
ληφθεὶς ὑπὸ Μίνω διὰ τὴν σοφίαν, ἠναγκάζετο ἐκείνῳ _δουλεύειν_, καὶ τῆς
τε πατρίδος ἅμα καὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἐστερήθη, καὶ ἐπιχειρῶν ἀποδιδράσκειν
μετὰ τοῦ υἱου τόν τε παῖδα ἀπώλεσε καὶ αὐτος οὐκ ἠδυνήθη σωθῆναι, ἀλλ’
ἀπενεχθεὶς εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους πάλιν ἐκεῖ _ἐδούλευε_;
“Is it truly so? You have not heard (says Socrates) that Dædalus,
captured, deprived of his liberty, and torn from his country and forced
into _slavery_, on account of his knowledge and wisdom was detained by
Minos; and, when afterwards attempting to make his escape with his son,
who was slain in the attempt, was not able to save himself, but was
seized by the barbarians and again forced into _slavery_.”
Ibid. Ἄλλους δὲ πόσους οἴει διὰ σοφίαν ἀναρπάστους πρὸς βασιλέα
γεγονέναι, καὶ ἐκεῖ _δουλεύειν_;
“How many others are born and remain creeping, fawning about the king
(of Persia); and because he deems them his, he there _enslaves_ them.”
Chap 5. § 5. _Δουλείαν_ δὲ ποίαν κακίστην νομίζεις εἶναι; Ἐγὼ μὲν, ἔφη,
τὴν παρὰ τοῖς κακίστοις δεσπόταις. Τὴν κακίστην ἄρα _δουλείαν_ οἱ
ἀκρατεῖς δουλεύουσιν;
Of which Leunclavius gives the following: “Pessimam _servitutem_. Et
quam esse arbitraris? Eam ait, quæ apud pessimos dominos _serviatur_.
Ergone intemperantes _servitutem_ pessimam _serviunt_?”
For the benefit of the mere English scholar, we give it thus: “Now,
where do you esteem the most degraded slavery? Why, to be sure, says he,
when the master is most degraded. It follows then, (says Socrates,) that
the slaves of intemperance are the most degraded of _slaves_.”
In the 30th section of the defence of Socrates before his judges, by
Xenophon, we find thus:—
Ὥστε φημὶ, αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῇ _δουλοπρεπεῖ_ διατριβῇ, ἣν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῷ
παρεσκεύακεν, οὐ διαμενεῖν.
By Leunclavius: “Itaque aio, non permansurum in illo _servili_ vitæ
genere, quod pater ei præscripsit.”
We offer: “So that, I said, it is not becoming that his son should
remain in an occupation only proper for a _slave_, in which alone his
father educated him.”
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