1.--In "pluvas", it rains; "tondras", it thunders; "estas bela tago",
it is a fine day; "estas bele", it is fine; "estas vere, ke...", it is
true that..., etc., "it" is left out, because it does not stand for any
"thing." The adverbs "bele", "vere", are used because no "thing" is
mentioned.
2.--"Ni havas fresxajn lakton kaj panon" means "Ni havas fresxan lakton
kaj fresxan panon", We have new milk and new bread. "Ni havas fresxan
lakton kaj panon" means We have bread and new milk.
3.--"La angla, franca kaj germana lingvoj estas malfacilaj", The
English, French and German languages are difficult. "Angla", "franca",
"germana" do not take "j" because each refers to only one language,
while "malfacilaj" refers to all those mentioned.