Museum. _La Vita di G. Savonarola_, by Pasquale Villari, gave her
much inspiration. The book had just been published, and it may well
have suggested the scene where Baldassarre Calvo meets Tito Melema on
the steps of the Cathedral. No other available writer had previously
described the struggle which took place for the liberation of the
Lunigiana prisoners, which plays so important a part in the plot of
_Romola_.
In January, 1862, George Eliot writes in her diary, “I began again my
novel of _Romola_.” By February the extraordinary proem and the
first two chapters were completed. “Will it ever be finished?” she
asks herself. But doubt vanished as she proceeded. In May, 1863, she
“killed Tito with great excitement,” and June 9, “put the last stroke
to _Romola_--Ebenezer!”
Since then I have re-read _Romola_ with the increased interest
which came from the new knowledge, and the story added to my love of
Florence. Many times have I wandered, as George Eliot and Lewes did, to
the heights of Fiesole, and looked down, even as they, in sunlight, and
with the moon casting shadows upon the wonderful and obsessing city,
wishing that my vision were strong enough to extract from it another
story such as _Romola_.
* * * * *
Such were the experiences that extended my stay in Florence. The memory
of them has been so strong and so obsessing that no year has been
complete without a return to Biagi and the Laurenziana. Once, during
these years, he came to America, as the Royal representative of Italy
at the St. Louis Exposition (see also _page 182_). In 1916 his
term as librarian expired through the limitation of age, but before
he retired he completely rearranged that portion of the Library which
is now open to visitors (see _page 149_). The treasures of no
collection are made so easily accessible except at the British Museum.
I last visited Biagi in May, 1924. His time was well occupied by
literary work, particularly on Dante, which had already given him high
rank as a scholar and writer; but a distinct change had come over him.
I could not fathom it until he told me that he was planning to leave
Florence to take up his residence in Rome. I received the news in
amazement. Then the mask fell, and he answered my unasked question.
“I can’t stand it!” he exclaimed. “I can’t stay in Florence and not be
a part of the Laurenziana. I have tried in vain to reconcile myself,
but the Library has been so much a fiber of my being all my life,
that something has been taken away from me which is essential to my
existence.” The spell of the Laurenziana had possessed him with a
vital grip! The following January (1925) he died, and no physician’s
diagnosis will ever contain the correct analysis of his decease
I shall always find it difficult to visualize Florence or the
Laurenziana without Guido Biagi. When next I hold in my hands those
precious manuscripts, still chained to their ancient _plutei_, it
will be with even greater reverence. They stand as symbols of the
immutability of learning and culture compared with the brief span of
life allotted to Prince or Librarian
INDEX
Adams Presses, 50
Æthelwald, 122
Alba, the Duke of, 233
_Alcuin Bible_, the, described, 125-127
Alcuin, Bishop, of York, 125, 126
Aldine Press, the, at Venice, saved by intervention of Jean Grolier,
56, 238;
printing at, 206-215;
the Jenson office combined with, 214
Aldus Manutius, legend over office of, 10;
his confidence in permanence of the printed book, 11-12;
his type designs, 17;
establishes his office in Venice, 206;
his printer’s mark and slogan, 207, 208;
changes _format_ of the book, 207;
his aims, 208;
the Greek classics of, 209;
his contributions to typography, 210;
his _Hypnerotomachia Poliphili_, 210-213;
Jean Grolier’s friendship with family of, 214-215
_Allegro, l’_, Milton’s, 93
_Ambrosiana Iliad_, the, 24, 25
Ambrosiana Library, the, humanistic manuscripts in, 24, 25
Angelico, Fra, 149, 290
Anglo-Saxon missionary artists, the, 125
Anne, of Brittany, _Hours_ of, described, 149-151
Anne, Saint, 138
_Antiquities of the Jews_, the, described, 138-141, 146
Antonio del Cherico, Francesco d’, _Book of Hours_ illuminated by, 111,
113, 116, 146-149, 290
Antwerp, the leading city in Europe, 223;
book manufacture in, 224;
under Spanish domination, 227;
loses her pre-eminence, 233;
purchases the Plantin office, 235;
referred to, 239
Apostrophes, Bernard Shaw’s ideas concerning, 68
Arnold, Matthew, 178
Ashburnham Collection, the, 148, 284
Augustinus, 202
Austria, the Emperor of, 105
Authors, relations between publishers and, 51, 63;
their attitude toward the physical _format_ of their books, 67
Bandini, librarian of the Laurenziana Library, 284
Baptistery, the, at Florence, 273
Barbaro, Marco Antonio, Procurator of Saint Mark’s, 143
Bardi, the, 297
Bardi, Bardo, 297
Barlow, Sir Thomas, 85
Baskerville, John, his editions, 245;
letter from Benjamin Franklin to, 245;
his types, 245-246;
his _Virgil_, 246-250;
first to introduce glossy paper, 250;
Dibdin’s estimate of, 251;
referred to, 95, 244
Baynes, Ernest Harold, 104
Bedford, Anne, Duchess of, 135, 137
_Bedford Book of Hours_, the, described, 135-138, 146
Bedford, John, Duke of, 135, 137
Belgium, see _Netherlands, the_
Bellini, Giovanni, 213
_Beowulf_, William Morris’, 259
Berlin, library of, 196
Berry, the Duc de, the _Très Riches Heures_ of, 116;
the _Antiquities of the Jews_ begun for, 139
Bertieri, Raffaello, 32
Bewick, Thomas, 163, 251
Biagi, Dr. Guido, custodian of the Buonarroti and the da Vinci archives,
14, 182, 290;
defines the humanist, 15, 162;
his association with the designing of the Humanistic type, 17-33;
his comments on Bodoni, 78;
his meeting with Charles Eliot Norton, 180-183;
described, 277;
in the Laurenziana Library, 277-300;
his early ambition to become librarian of the Laurenziana, 284;
in America, 299;
his last days, 299-300;
his death, 300;
referred to, 14, 16, 17, 111
Bible, the, welfare of men and of empires based upon, 224
_Biblia Amiatina_, the, 287, 288
_Biblia Polyglotta_, Plantin’s, 227;
the story of, 227-233;
pages from, 229-231
Bibliothèque Nationale, the, Paris, 119, 127, 128, 139, 140, 141, 149,
196, 198, 220
Billfrith, Saint, 122
Bindings, 113, 288
Birmingham, England, 244
Biscioni, librarian of the Laurenziana Library, 283
Bisticci, quoted, 12
Blanche, Queen, of Castile, 129
Boccaccio, 287
Bodleian Library, the, 196
Bodoni, Giambattista, the father of modern type design, 78-82, 251;
compared with Didot, 252, 257;
referred to, 95
Bodoni Press, the revived, in Montagnola di Lugano, 79
Bodoni type, the, 78;
compared with the Didot type, 79-82;
William Morris’ dislike of, 80;
De Vinne’s admiration for, 80, 82;
estimate of, 257
Bokhara, 118
Bomberghe, Corneille, type designer, 228
Book, the, conception of early patrons of, 11;
lure of, 37;
the tangible expression of man’s intellect, 112.
See also, _Illuminated book_, _Printed book_, _Written book_
Bookmaking, in 1891, 42-54;
the weakness of method in, 54
_Book of Hours_, by Francesco d’Antonio del Cherico, 111;
described, 146-149;
referred to, 290
Books, cost of making, 58
Bookselling, inadequate methods in, 60
Boston, Howell’s comments on, 186
Boston Society of Printers, the, 99
Bourbon, Pierre II, Duc de, 140
Bourdichon, Jean, 113, 149, 150
Boyd, Henry, 26, 27
Brays, the, 292
British Museum, the, 27, 28, 117, 119, 122, 125, 132, 135, 166, 196,
298, 299
Broad Chalke, England, Maurice Hewlett’s home at, 157
Browne, Sir Thomas, 207
Budé, Guillaume, 214
Buonarroti, see _Michelangelo_
Buonarroti archives, the, 14, 182, 290
Burne-Jones, Sir Edward, and the _Kelmscott Chaucer_, 259, 261, 262;
referred to, 6
Burney, Fanny, 163
Byron, Lord, manuscript of his letters burned by John Murray III, 65
Byzantine illumination, see _Illumination, Byzantine_
Byzantine ink, 112
“Cabin,” the, Howell’s, 186
Cable, George W., 177
_Cæsar_, Elzevir’s, 240
Cambridge Immortals, the, 178
Camp, Walter, 84
Campanile, Giotto’s, at Florence, 273
Campanile, the, at Venice, 145
Carlyle, Thomas, 178
Carnegie, Andrew, 174-177
Carnegie, Mrs. Andrew, 174
Caroline minuscule, the, 126
Carolingian illumination, see _Illumination, Carolingian_
Carolingian School, the, in France, 125
Caslon foundry, the, 245, 246
Castiglioncello, Italy, 162
Cato, quoted, 208
Caxton, William, work of, compared with Jenson’s, 244
Cellini, Benvenuto, autobiography of, 287
Celtic illumination, see _Illumination, Celtic_
Censors, the, 221
Ceolfrid, Abbot of Wearmouth, 288
Ceriani, Monsignor, librarian of the Ambrosiana Library at Milan,
described, 24;
his work on the _Ambrosiana Iliad_, 24, 25;
quoted, 25
Chantilly, the Musée Condé at, 116
Charlemagne, Emperor, 125
Charles, King, of France, son of King John, 129
Charles, King, of France, son of King Charles, 129
Charles V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, 216, 276
Charles VIII, of France, 282
_Chaucer_, the _Kelmscott_, the story of, 259-268
Chaucer type, the, designed by William Morris, 20
Chianti Hills, the, 171
Chiari, 297
Chinese, the, 7
_Cicero_, the _Medicean_, 283
Cicogna, Doge Pasquale, 143
Cimabue, Giovanni, 147
Clemens, Clara, 172, 174
Clemens, Samuel L., see _Twain, Mark_
Clemens, Mrs. Samuel L., 172, 173
Clement VII, Pope, 214, 276
Clovio, Giulio, 149, 290
Cobden-Sanderson, T. J., quoted, 96, 97;
estimate of, 96-101;
described, 98;
in Boston, 98-99;
importance of his work, 263;
his _Ideal Book_ quoted, 264;
his _Doves Bible_, 264-268;
referred to, 3, 68, 71, 95
Cockerell, Douglas, 262
_Codex Argenteus_, the, 119
Cole, Timothy, 106
Colonna, Francesco, 210
Colvin, Sir Sidney, 27, 28
Constable, Archibald, publisher, 66
Constantinople, might have become center of learning of XV century, 8;
destroyed by fire, 117;
the rebirth of, 118
Cosimo _il Vecchio_, and the Laurenziana Library, 280;
his personality and history, 280-281;
his fame as a chemist, 284
Cosimo II, and the Laurenziana Library, 283
Costs of making books, in 1891, compared with present costs, 48
_Costume Antico e Moderno_, Ferrario’s, 296
_Country Printer_, the, Howell’s, 187
Crasso, Leonardo, 210
Cremona, early printing at, 286
Curtis, George William, 178
Cuthbert, Saint, 120, 121, 122
Cyrus, King, 139
Danes, the, 120
Dante, proposed edition in Humanistic type of, 19, 32;
referred to, 158, 182;
Biagi’s work on, 182, 299;
the haunts of, 291
“Dawn and Twilight,” Michelangelo’s, 275
“Day and Night,” Michelangelo’s, 275
_De Asse_, Budé’s, 214
De Bure, discoverer of the _Gutenberg Bible_, 198
_Decameron_, the, manuscript copy of, 287
_De Civitate Dei_, Augustinus’, 202
Decorations, 116
Del Furia, librarian of the Laurenziana Library, 284
Delmonico’s, in New York City, 176
Deput, quoted on the innovations of the Elzevirs, 240
_De Veritate Catholicæ Fidei_, 93
De Vinne Press, the, New York, 42
De Vinne, Theodore L., 6;
his admiration for the Bodoni type, 80, 82
Dibdin, quoted on Baskerville, 251;
on Antonio Magliabecchi, 295
Didot, Firmin, the father of modern type design, 78-82;
his type discussed, 79-82, 257;
referred to, 39, 95, 257
Didot, Pierre, his _Racine_, 252-258
Didot Press, the, Benjamin Franklin at, 252
Didot type, the, compared with the Bodoni type, 79-82
Didots, the, in Paris, 251;
compared with Bodoni, 252
Dobson, Austin, 158, 162-169;
his lines on Richard Garnett, 166, 167;
his ideas on fiction, 168;
his methods of work, 169;
his handwriting, 169
Dobson, Mrs. Austin, 168
_Doves Bible_, Cobden-Sanderson’s, described, 264-268
Doves Press, the, in London, 3, 70, 96, 263
Doves type, the, designed by Emery Walker, 18, 19;
specimen page of, 23;
in the _Doves Bible_, 264-268
Duneka, Frederick, 184
Dürer, Albrecht, 95
Dyck, Christoffel van, 243
Eadfrith, Bishop, 122
_Earthwork Out of Tuscany_, Hewlett’s, 159, 162
Eddy, Mrs. Mary Baker, 52-54
Edward VII, King, of England, 85, 140, 141
Egyptians, the, 118
Elchi, Count Angiolo Maria d’, 285
Eliot, George, in the Magliabecchian Library, 291-298;
her diary quoted, 296;
volumes consulted in writing _Romola_, 296-298
Elzevir, Abraham, editions of, 240;
his _Terence_, 241-243
Elzevir, Bonaventura, editions of, 240;
his _Terence_, 241-243
Elzevir, Isaac, becomes printer to the University of Leyden, 240
Elzevir, Louis, founder of the House of Elzevir, 239, 240
Elzevir, the House of, craftsmen rather than artists, 238;
in Leyden, 240;
adopt new _format_ for the book, 240;
their editions, 240-243;
their types, 243;
their business organization, 243;
estimate of importance of their work, 243;
referred to, 95, 237, 251
England, typographical supremacy of, 194, 244-250;
second supremacy of, 258-268
English illumination, see _Illumination, English_
Engravings, steel, 105
_Epistolæ ad Familiares_, Cicero’s, 285
Ethics, in business, 65
Étienne, Henri, ruined by his _Thesaurus_, 56, 238;
in Geneva, 223
Étienne, Robert, becomes “printer in Greek” to François I of France,
216;
the _Royal Greeks_ of, 219-222;
leaves France, 223;
death of, 223;
his Roman type, 222;
referred to, 252
Eugenius, Pope, 281
Evreux, Queen Jeanne d’, 129
_Explicit_, the, 92;
examples of, 94, 202, 204, 206, 285
Ezra, the Prophet, portrait of, 288
_Famiglie del Litta, Le_, 297
Felton, Cornelius Conway, President of Harvard University, 50
Ferrara, early printing at, 286
Ferrari, Dr. Luigi, librarian of the San Marco Library, Venice, 145
Ferrario, 296
Field, Eugene, described, 38;
manuscript of, 39, 41;
referred to, 38, 55
Fielding, Henry, 163
Fiesole, the heights of, 298
_Firenze Antica e Moderna_, Rastrelli’s, 297
_Firenze Illustrata_, Migliore’s, 296
Fiske, Willard, 26, 27
Flemish illumination, see _Illumination, Flemish_
Fletcher, Horace, friend of Eugene Field, 41;
philosophy of, 75, 82, 84;
his ideas of typography, 75;
page of his manuscript, 77;
his dinner at Graduates’ Club, New Haven, 84;
importance of his work, 85;
his friendship with William James and Henry James, 86;
letter from Henry James to, 87;
visit to Lamb House, 89
Fletcherism, 75, 83
Florence, Italy, the most fascinating city in Europe, 273;
early printing at, 286
Florence, the Grand Duke of, 295
_Forest Lovers_, the, Hewlett’s, 157, 158
Foucquet, Jean, 113, 138, 140, 149
France, typographical supremacy of, 194, 215-223;
loses supremacy, 223;
second supremacy of, 251-258
François I, of France, becomes patron of learning and culture, 216;
makes Robert Étienne “printer in Greek to the King,” 216;
his interest in printing, 216-221;
his relations with the censors, 221;
referred to, 214, 216
Frankfort, 227
Franklin, Benjamin, quoted on the Baskerville editions, 245;
his letter to Baskerville, 245;
at the Didot Press, 252
French illumination, see _Illumination, French_
French Republic, the, 141
French School of Painting, the, 139
Fust, John, 198, 199
Gabrilowitch, Mrs. Ossip, 172
Garamond, Claude, 220
Garnett, Dr. Richard, 164, 165;
lines written by Dobson on, 166, 167;
estimate of, 166
General Theological School Library, the, New York, 196
_Genesis_, the _Cottonian_, 117
Geneva, the Étiennes at, 223
George, Saint, 137
Germany, not sufficiently developed as nation to take advantage of
Gutenberg’s discovery, 8, 9;
brief typographical supremacy of, 194-201;
loses supremacy, 201
Gherado, 149, 290
Gilder, Richard Watson, 177
Giotto, 147, 273
_Golden Gospels of Saint Médard_, the, described, 127-128
Golden type, the, designed by William Morris, 18
Gold leaf, 116
Gold, Oriental, 112
Goldsmith, Oliver, 163
Gothic illumination, see _Illumination, Gothic_
Gozzoli, Benozzo, 149, 290
Graduates’ Club, the, in New Haven, 84
Grandjon, Robert, 228
Greece, the rich humanities of, 15
Greek classics, the, first printed by Aldus, 209
Greeks, the, 7
Greek types, 56, 219-221, 238
_Grimani Breviary_, the, described, 141-145, 146, 149
Grimani, Cardinal Domenico, 142, 143
Grimani, Doge Antonio, 143
Grimani, Giovanni, Patriarch of Aquileia, 142
Grimani, Marino, Patriarch of Aquileia, 142
Grolier Club of New York, the, 213
Grolier, Jean, saves the Aldine Press by his intervention, 56, 238;
his friendship with family of Aldus, 214-215;
his letter to Francesco Torresani, 215
Guidobaldo, Duke of Urbino, 210
_Gutenberg Bible_, the, described, 194-201;
rubricator’s notes, 196, 197
Gutenberg, John; the _Bible_ printed by, 194-201;
referred to, 7, 194, 198, 234, 237
Hadley, Pres. Arthur T., 84
Halftones, 105-107
Hammond, John Hays, 84
Hand lettering, the art of, 10.
See also, _Humanistic hand lettering_, _Semi-uncial characters_,
_Minuscule characters_
Harkness, Mrs. Edward S., 196
Harper and Brothers, 90, 183, 184
_Harper’s Magazine_, 183
Harte, Bret, 184
Harvard College Library, the, 245
Harvard University, Cobden-Sanderson’s lectures at, 99
Harvey, Col. George, gives birthday dinner to Mark Twain, 176;
gives birthday dinner to William Dean Howells, 187
Hautin, 228
Hay, John, 184
Hay, Mrs. John, 184
Heidelberg, 227
_Heimskringla_, the, William Morris’ translation of, 260
Heinsius, letter from Deput to, 240
Henri II, of France, 136, 221
Henry IV, of England, 135
Henry VI, of England, 136
Henry VIII, of England, 216
Hewlett, Maurice, 155-162;
describes the cloister of San Lorenzo, Florence, 275
Hoar, Senator George F., makes attack on Charles Eliot Norton, 179
Hogarth, William, 163
Holbein, Hans, 95
Holland, the natural successor to Belgium in supremacy of printing, 239.
See also _Netherlands, the_
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 178
_Homer_, the _Ambrosiana_, see _Iliad, the Ambrosiana_
Hoover, Herbert, 85
Houghton, Henry O., 6
_Hours of Anne of Brittany_, the, 146;
described, 149-151
Howells, William Dean, 177;
recollections and reflections on, 183-188;
the Harvey birthday dinner, 188
Humanism, Petrarch the father of, 15
Humanist, the, defined, 15, 160-162
Humanistic hand lettering, 16, 21, 24, 126
Humanistic manuscripts, the, in the Laurenziana Library, 16, 21;
in the Ambrosiana Library, 24
Humanistic movement, the, far-reaching influence of, 15;
the forerunner and essence of the Renaissance, 15;
significance of, 16, 160
Humanistic scribes, the, see _Scribes, the humanistic_
Humanistic type, the, first idea of design of, 17;
proposed edition of Dante in, 19, 32;
work upon, 19-24, 126, 159, 180, 181
Huntington, Henry E., library of, 196
_Hypnerotomachia Poliphili_, the, printed by Aldus, 210;
described, 210-213
_Ideal Book, The_, Cobden-Sanderson’s, 3, 99;
quoted, 264
_Iliad_, the _Ambrosiana_, 24, 25, 117
Illuminated book, the, attitude of Italian patrons toward, 11-12
Illumination, the art of, encouraged by Italian patrons in XV century,
11-13;
the underlying thought in, 112;
rich rewards in study of, 114;
various schools of, 114;
means of identifying various schools and periods, 115;
manuscripts which mark the evolution of, 116-119;
the Celtic School, 119-125;
the Carolingian School, 125-128;
the Gothic School, 128-131;
the English School, 131-134;
the French School, 135-141, 149-151;
the Flemish School, 141-145;
the Italian School, 146-149;
cause for the decline of, 151;
opportunities for studying, 152
Illumination, Byzantine, described, 118;
referred to, 124, 125, 127
Illumination, Carolingian, 125-128
Illumination, Celtic, 119-125, 126, 129
Illumination, English, 114, 131-134
Illumination, Flemish, 114, 137, 139, 141-145, 149, 150
Illumination, French, 114, 135-141
Illumination, Gothic, 114, 128-131
Illumination, Italian Renaissance, 114, 146-149, 150
Illumination, Romanesque, 114
Illustration, 105
Imperial Library, the, in Vienna, 117
_Incipit_, the, 93
India, 112, 118
Ink, Byzantine gold, 112, 118;
inferior quality introduced, 238;
Didot’s, 258
_Innocents Abroad_, Mark Twain’s, 170
Ireland, 121
Irish monks, the, see _Monks, the Irish_
Irish School of Writing and Painting, the, 120
Italian illumination, see _Illumination, Italian_
Italic type, first used by Aldus, 17, 286;
said to be based on handwriting of Petrarch, 17, 210;
Baskerville’s, 245;
Didot’s, 257
Italy, life and customs of people of, in XV century, 8;
illumination slow in getting a hold in, 146;
typographical supremacy of, 194, 201-215;
loses supremacy, 215;
culture in the XVI century in, 223
James, Henry, Horace Fletcher’s friendship with, 86;
quoted, 86;
estimate of, 86;
letter to Horace Fletcher from, 87;
quoted, 88
James, William, Horace Fletcher’s friendship with, 86;
quoted, 86;
letter from Henry James to, 88;
his interest in printing, 90, 92
Jenson, Nicolas, type designs of, 18, 19, 22, 202, 205, 206;
the _explicit_ in books printed by, 94, 202;
printer’s mark of, 203, 207;
sent to Germany by Charles VII of France, 204;
establishes his office in Venice, 204;
death of, 206;
his office combined with the Aldine Press, 214;
Caxton’s work compared with, 244;
referred to, 216, 286
Jenson’s Gothic type, 202, 205, 206
Jenson Roman type, the, 18, 19, 206, 268;
sample page of, 22
_Joan of Arc_, Mark Twain’s, 170
John of Spires, 285
Jones, George W., 32
Joseph, Saint, 138
Josephus, Flavius, 139
Justinian, the Emperor, 117
_Justinian_, the _Pandects of_, 287
Keats, John, 158
Keere, Van der, 228
_Kelmscott Chaucer_, the, see _Chaucer, the Kelmscott_
Kelmscott Press, the, 6, 55, 70, 96, 259-268
Kelmscott volumes, the, 259-268;
estimate of, 263
Koreans, the, 7
Labels, paper, 92
Lamb House, Rye, Henry James’ home, 89
_Lapis lazuli_, used in printing ink, 30;
in illumination, 118
Laura, see _Sale, Madonna Laura de Noves de_
Laurenziana Library, the, humanistic volumes at, 16;
illuminated volumes at, 119, 148, 287;
uninviting approach to, 273;
the _Sala di Michelangiolo_, 276;
Dr. Guido Biagi at, 277-300;
the great staircase, 278;
Vasari’s work in, 278;
the story of, 280-284;
the treasures of, 284-289;
the Hall of Tapestries, 285;
the Tribuna, 285;
the printed books in, 285;
the spell of, 300;
referred to, 14, 21, 94, 111, 182
Le Bé, Guillaume, 228
Lee, Sir Sidney, 86, 174, 175
Leigh, Maj. Frederick T., 184
Leipzig, library of, 196
Lelio, Lucrezia, 213
Leo X, Pope, 282.
See also _Medici, Giovanni de’_
Lettering, see _Hand lettering_
Letters, raised gold, 116
Lewes, George Henry, in the Magliabecchian Library, 292-298
Leyden, heroic resistance to Spanish siege, 239;
becomes the intellectual and literary center of Europe, 239;
Plantin in, 239;
the Elzevirs in, 239-240
Leyden, the University of, 239;
Plantin made printer to, 239;
Isaac Elzevir made printer to, 240
_Lindisfarne Gospels_, the, described, 119-125
Lippi, 296
Lippi, Fra Filippo, 28
Lipsius, the historian, 239
Lithography, 105
_Little Novels of Italy_, Hewlett’s, 159
Lockhart, John Gibson, 66
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 178
Longmans, London publishers, 66
Lorenzo the Magnificent, see _Medici, Lorenzo de’_
Lorraine, the House of, and the Laurenziana Library, 283
Louis XI, of France, 140
Louis XII, of France, 150
Louis XIV, of France, 198
Louis XV, of France, 140
Louis, Saint, _Psalter_ of, described, 128-131;
death of, 129
Lounsbury, Professor, of Yale, 84
Lowell, James Russell, 178
Luther, Martin, 215, 224
Mabie, Hamilton W., 177, 187
Macaulay, Thomas B., quoted on Baskerville editions, 245
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 181, 284
Macmillan Company, the, 26
Magliabecchi, Antonio, 292-295
Magliabecchian Library, the, 284;
George Eliot in, 291-298
_Malmantile_, Lippi’s, 296
_Man and Superman_, Shaw’s, the making of, 67
Mantegna, Andrea, 95
Manuscripts, methods of reproducing, 9
Manuscripts, illuminated, romance of, 114;
not the playthings of the common people, 115
Manutius, Aldus, see _Aldus Manutius_
Marie, Madame, of France, 130
Marinelli, 280
_Marmion_, Scott’s, 66
Martelli Chapel, the, in the Church of San Lorenzo, Florence, 275
Mary, Queen, of England, _Psalter_ of, described, 131-134;
referred to, 132
Mary, Queen of Scots, 156-157
Matthews, Brander, 177
Mayence, printing at, 198, 204, 216
Mazarin, Cardinal, 198
Médard, Saint, the _Golden Gospels of_, 127-128
Medicean Library, the, see _Laurenziana Library, the_
Medici, the, 147;
Savonarola’s diatribes against, 274;
and the Laurenziana Library, 280
Medici, Alessandro de’, 274
Medici archives, the, 14
Medici, Catherine de’, 136