(a) Candidature—Election
_petere magistratum, honores_—to seek office.
_ambire_[1] _aliquem_ (always with Acc. of person)—to solicit the vote
or favour of some one.
_nomen profiteri_ or simply _profiteri_—to become a candidate.
_manus prensare_[2] (De Or. 1. 24. 112)—to shake hands with voters in
canvassing.
_nomina appellat (nomenclator)_—the agent (_nomenclator_) mentions the
names of constituents to the canvasser.
_competītor_ (Brut. 30. 113)—a rival candidate.
_multa (pauca) puncta in centuria (tribu) aliqua ferre_[3]—to obtain
many (few) votes in a century or tribe.
_centuriam, tribum ferre_ (Planc. 49)—to gain the vote of a century or
tribe.
_omnes centurias ferre_ or _omnium suffragiis, cunctis centuriis
creari_—to be elected unanimously
_repulsam ferre consulatus (a populo)_ (Tusc. 5. 19. 54)—to fail in
one's candidature for the consulship.
_magistratus vitio creati_—magistrates elected irregularly (_i.e._
either when the auspices have been unfavourable or when some formality
has been neglected).
_sufficere aliquem in alicuius locum_ or _alicui_—to elect a man to
fill the place of another who has died whilst in office.
_alicui_ or _in alicuius locum succedere_—to succeed a person in an
office.
_alicui imperatori succedere_—to succeed some one as general.
_suo (legitimo) anno creari_ (opp. _ante annum_)—to be elected at the
age required by law (_lex Villia annalis_).
_continuare magistratum_ (Sall. Iug. 37. 2)—to continue one's office
for another year.
_continuare alicui magistratum_—to prolong some one's office for
another year.
_prorogare alicui imperium (in annum)_—to prolong a person's command.
_magistratus et imperia_ (Sall. Iug. 3. 1)—civil and military offices.
_inire magistratum_—to enter into office.
_munus administrare, gerere_—to perform official duties.
_munere fungi, muneri praeesse_—to perform official duties.
_honores alicui mandare, deferre_—to invest a person with a position
of dignity.
_muneri aliquem praeficere, praeponere_—to appoint some one to an
office.
_munus explere, sustinere_—to fulfil the duties of one's position.
_abdicare se magistratu_ (Div. 2. 35)—to resign one's post (before the
expiry of the term of office).
_deponere_[4] _magistratum_—to give up, lay down office (usually at
the end of one's term of office).
_abire magistratu_—to give up, lay down office (usually at the end of
one's term of office).
_de potestate decedere_—to give up, lay down office (usually at the
end of one's term of office).
_res ad interregnum venit_ or _adducitur_—an interregnum ensues.
_abrogare alicui munus_ (Verr. 2. 57)—to remove a person from his
office.
_abrogare alicui imperium_—to deprive a person of his position as
commandant.
_viri clari et honorati_ (De Sen. 7. 22)—men of rank and dignity.
_honoribus ac reipublicae muneribus perfunctus_ (De Or. 1. 45)—a man
who has held many offices.
_amplis honoribus usus_ (Sall. Iug. 25. 4)—a man who has held many
offices.
[1] Hence _ambitio_, legitimate canvassing; _ambitus_, illegal
canvassing.
[2] Under the head _ambitionis occupatio_ (De Or. 1. 1. 1) are
enumerated _salutare, rogare, supplicare, manus prensare, invitare ad
prandium_, and sometimes _convivia tributim data_. For the whole
subject _vid._ Q. Cicero's book _de petitione consulatus ad M. fratrem_.
[3] In counting the votes polled, a dot or mark was put opposite a
candidate's name as often as a tablet (_tabella_) with his name on it
came up. Hence _punctum ferre_, to be successful, e.g. Hor. A. P. 343
_omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci_.
[4] But _deponere_ is also found in the sense of _abdicare_, e.g. B.
G. 7. 33. 4; N. D. 2. 11; Liv. 2. 28. 9.
(b) Particular Magistracies
_consulem creare_[1]—to elect a consul.
_aliquem consulem declarare_ (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4)—to declare a person
consul-elect.
_aliquem consulem renuntiare_ (De Or. 2. 64. 260)—to offically
proclaim (by the _praeco_, herald) a man elected consul; to return a
man consul.
_bis consul_—twice consul.
_iterum, tertium consul_—consul for the second, third time.
_sextum_ (Pis. 9. 20), _septimum consul_—consul for the sixth, seventh
time.
_videant_ or _dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti
capiat_[2] (Catil. 1. 2. 4)—let the consuls take measures for the
protection of the state.
_in hoc praeclaro consulatu_—during this brilliant consulship.
_aetas consularis_—the consular age (43 years).
_pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci_—to go to Cilicia as pro-consul.
_superiore consulatu_—in his former consulship.
_dictatorem dicere (creare)_—to name a person dictator.
_dictaturam gerere_—to be dictator.
_dictator dicit (legit) magistrum equitum_—a dictator appoints a
_magister equitum_.
_potestatem habet in aliquem vitae necisque_ (B. G. 1. 16. 5)—he has
power over life and death.
_lictores summovent turbam_ (Liv. 4. 50)—the lictors clear the way.
_fasces praeferre, summittere_—to walk before with the fasces; to
lower the fasces.
_censores censent populum_—the censors hold a census of the people.
_censum habere, agere_ (Liv. 3. 22)—to hold the census.
_censuram agere, gerere_—to perform the censors' duties.
_locare aedes, vias faciendas_ (Phil. 9. 7. 16)—to receive tenders for
the construction of temples, highroads.
_locare opera publica_—to let out public works to contract.
_redimere, conducere porticum aedificandam_ (Div. 2. 21. 47)—to
undertake a contract for building a portico.
_nota, animadversio censoria_—the reprimand of a censor.
_notare aliquem ignominia_ (Cluent. 43. 119)—to brand a person with
infamy.
_censu prohibere, excludere_—to strike off the burgess-roll.
_tribu movere aliquem_—to expel some one from his tribe.
_e senatu eicere_—to expel from the senate.
_senatu movere_—to expel from the senate.
_lustrum condere_ (Liv. 1. 44. 2)—to complete the censorship (by
certain formal purificatory ceremonies = _lustro faciendo_).
_tribuni plebis sacrosancti_ (Liv. 3. 19. 10)—the plebeian tribunes,
whose persons are inviolable.
_appellare_[3] _tribunos plebis (in aliqua re a praetore)_ (Liv. 2.
55)—to appeal to the plebeian tribunes against a praetor's decision.
_provocare_[4] _ad populum_ (Liv. 2. 55)—to appeal to the people.
_intercessio tribunicia_ (cf. sect. XIV. 5)—the tribunicial veto.
[1] _creare_ is used of any magistrate regularly elected. The _locus
classicus_ on this subject is Cic. De Leg. 3. 3. 6-12.
[2] This formula conferred absolute power on the consuls. This was
done only in cases of great emergency, and was somewhat similar to our
"declaration of martial law."
[3] _appellare_ as a legal technical term only occurs in classical
Latin in the formula _te, vos appello_.
[4] _provocare_ only with proper names, e.g. _ad Catonem provocare_.
To appeal to some one's pity, etc. = _implorare alicuius
misericordiam, fidem_, etc.