great lakes at the head of the St Lawrence and the Gulf of Mexico
came to cosmographers very slowly. Almost all of the early maps show
a disposition to carry the mountains which follow the Atlantic coast
along the Gulf coast as far as Texas, a result, doubtless, of the
fact that all the expeditions which started inland from Florida found
mountains. Coronado’s journey to Quivira added but little to the
detailed geographical knowledge of America. The name reached Europe,
and it is found on the maps, along the fortieth parallel, almost
every where from the Pacific coast to the neighborhood of a western
tributary to the St Lawrence system. See the maps reproduced herein.
Castañeda could have aided them considerably, but the map makers did
not know of his book.
[297] Captain John Stevens’ Dictionary says that this is “a northern
province of North America, rich in silver mines, but ill provided
with water, grain, and other substances; yet by reason of the mines
there are seven or eight Spanish towns in it.” Zacatecas is now one
of the central states of the Mexican confederation, being south of
Coahuila and southeast of Durango.
[298] Ternaux, p. 242, miscopied it Quachichiles.
[299] Ternaux, p. 243, reads: “puis pendant six cent cinquante
vers le nord, . . . De sorte qu’après avoir fait plus de huit cent
cinquante lienes.” . . . The substitution of six for two may possibly
give a number which is nearer the actual distance traversed, but the
fact is quite unimportant. The impression which the trip left on
Castañeda is what should interest the historian or the reader.
[300] The dictionary of Dominguez says: “Isla de negros; ó isla
del Almirantazgo, en el grande Océano equinoccial; grande isla
de la América del Norte, sobre la costa oeste.” Apparently the
location of this island gradually drifted westward with the increase
of geographical knowledge, until it was finally located in the
Philippine group.
[301] From the Spanish text in Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de
Indias, vol. ii, p. 356. The letter mentioned in the opening sentence
is not known to exist.
[302] Presumably the fortress of which Samaniego was warden.
[303] Buckingham Smith’s Florida gives many documents relating to the
damage done by French brigantines to the Spanish West Indies during
1540–41.
[304] In his paper on the Human Bones of the Hemenway Collection
(Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, VI, p. 156 et seq.),
Dr Washington Matthews discusses the possible former existence of a
variety of the llama in certain parts of the southwest.
[305] The headbands are doubtless here referred to.
[306] The Spanish text for the foregoing paragraph is as follows:
“Salidos deste despoblado grande, están siete lugares y habrá una
jornada pequeña del uno al otro, á los quales todos juntos llaman
Civola; tienen las casas de piedra y barro, toscamente labradas, son
desta manera hechas: una pared larga y desta pared á un cabo y á otro
salen unas cámaras atajadas de veinte piés en cuadra, segund señalan,
las cuales están maderadas de vigas por labrar; las más casas se
mandan por las azoteas con sus escaleras á las calles; son las casas
de tres y de cuatro altos; afirman haber pocas de dos altos, los
altos son demás de estado y medio en alto, ecebto el primero ques
bajo, que no terná sino algo más que un estado; mandánse diez ó doce
casas juntas por una escalera, de los bajos se sirven y en los más
altos habitan: en el más bajo de todos tienen unas saeteras hechas
al soslayo como en fortalezas en España. Dicen los indios que cuando
les vienen á dar guerra, que se meten en sus casas todos y de allí
pelean, y que cuando ellos van á hacer guerra, que llevan rodelas y
unas cueras vestidas que son de vacas de colores, y que pelean con
flechas y con unas macetas de piedra y con otras armas de palo que
no he podido entender. Comen carne humana y los que prenden en la
guerra tiénenlos por esclavos. Hay muchas gallinas en la tierra,
mansas, tienen mucho maiz y frisoles y melones, tienen en sus casas
unos animales bedijudos como grandes podencos de Castilla, los quales
tresquilan, y del pelo hacen cabelleras de colores que se ponen, como
esa que envio á V.S., y tambien en la ropa que hacen echan de lo
mismo. Los hombres son de pequeña estatura; las mujeres son blancas
y de buenos gestos, andan vestidas con unas camisas que les llegan
hasta los piés, y los cabellos parténselos á manera de lados con
ciertas vueltas, que les quedan las orejas de fuera, en las cuales se
cuelgan muchas turquesas y al cuello y en las muñecas de los brazos.
El vestido de los hombres son mantas y encima cueros de vaca, como el
que V.S. veria que llevó Cabeza de Vaca y Dorantes; en las cabezas
se ponen unas tocas; traen en verano zapatos de cuero pintados ó de
color, y en el invierno borceguíes altos.
“De la misma manera, no me saben dar razon de metal ninguno, ni dicen
que lo tengan; turquesas tienen en cantidad, aunque no tantas como el
padre provincial dice; tienen unas pedrezuelas de christal como esa
que envio á V.S., de las cuales V.S. habia visto hartas en esa Nueva
España; labran las tierras á uso de la Nueva España; cárganse en la
cabeza como en México; los hombres tejen la ropa ó hilan el algodon;
comen sal de una laguna questá á dos jornadas de la provincia de
Civola. Los indios hacen sus bailes y cantos con unas flantas que
tienen sus puntos do ponen los dedos, hacen muchos sones, cantan
juntamente con los que tañen, y los que cantan dan palmas á nuestro
modo. Aún indio de los que llevó Estéban el Negro, questuvo allá
cautivo, le vi tañer, que selo mostraron allá, y otros cantaban como
digo, aunque no muy desenvueltos; dicen que se juntan cinco ó seis á
tañer, y que son las flautas unas mayores que otras.”
[307] The same salt lake from which the Zuñis obtain their salt
supply today.
[308] Compare with this hearsay description of something almost
unknown to the Spaniards, the thoroughly scientific descriptions of
the Hopi dances and ceremonials recorded by Dr J. Walter Fewkes.
[309] The peaches, watermelons, cantaloupes, and grapes, now so
extensively cultivated by the Pueblos, were introduced early in the
seventeenth century by the Spanish missionaries.
[310] At first glance it seems somewhat strange that although Zuñi
is considerably more than 100 miles south of Totonteac, or Tusayan,
the people of the former villages did not cultivate cotton, but in
this I am reminded by Mr Hodge that part of the Tusayan people are
undoubtedly of southern origin and that in all probability they
introduced cotton into that group of villages. The Pimas raised
cotton as late as 1850. None of the Pueblos now cultivate the plant,
the introduction of cheap fabrics by traders having doubtless brought
the industry to an end. See page 574.
[311] “Y otras simillas como chia” is the Spanish text.
[312] Doubtless the pueblo of Marata (Makyata) mentioned by Marcos
de Niza. This village was situated near the salt lake and had been
destroyed by the Zuñis some years before Niza visited New Mexico.
[313] Translated from the Italian version, in Ramusio’s Viaggi, vol.
iii, fol. 359 (ed. 1556). There is another English translation in
Hakluyt’s Voyages, vol. iii, p. 373 (ed. 1600). Hakluyt’s translation
is reprinted in Old South Leaflet, general series, No. 20. Mr Irving
Babbitt, of the French department in Harvard University, has assisted
in correcting some of the errors and omissions in Hakluyt’s version.
The proper names, excepting such as are properly translated, are
spelled as in the Italian text.
[314] This statement is probably not correct. It may be due to a
blunder by Ramusio in translating from the original text. See note
on page 382. Eighty days (see pp. 564, 572) would be nearly the time
which Coronado probably spent on the journey from Culiacan to Cibola,
and this interpretation would render the rest of the sentence much
more intelligible.
[315] The valley into which Friar Marcos did not dare to enter. See
the Historical Introduction, p. 362.
[316] Doubtless the Yaquimi or Yaqui river.
[317] These were doubtless the Seri, of Yuman stock, who occupied a
strip of the Gulf coast between latitude 28° and 29° and the islands
Angel de la Guardia and Tiburon. The latter island, as well as the
coast of the adjacent mainland, is still inhabited by this tribe.
[318] As Indian news goes, there is no reason why this may not have
been one of Ulloa’s ships, which sailed along this coast during the
previous summer. It can hardly have been a ship of Alarcon’s fleet.
[319] Ramusio: “mi ritrouano lunge dal mare quindici giornate.”
Hakluyt (ed. 1600): “I found my selfe tenne dayes iourney from the
Sea.”
[320] It is possible that this is a blunder, in Ramusio’s text, for
“His Majesty.” The Marquis, in New Spain, is always Cortes, for whom
neither Mendoza nor Coronado had any especial regard.
[321] Hakluyt: . . . “very excellent good houses of three or foure or
fiue lofts high, wherein are good lodgings and faire chambers with
lathers in stead of staires.”
[322] The kivas or ceremonial chambers.
[323] See the footnote on page 564 in regard to the similarity of
names. The note was written without reference to the above passage.
[324] Many garnets are found on the ant-hills throughout the region,
especially in the Navajo country.
[325] The natives doubtless told the truth. Eagle and turkey feathers
are still highly prized by them for use in their ceremonies.
[326] It should be noted that Coronado clearly distinguishes between
hills or mesas and mountains. Zuñi valley is hemmed in by heights
varying from 500 to 1,000 feet.
[327] This accords perfectly with the condition of the vegetation in
Zuñi valley at the present time.
[328] See the translation of Castañeda’s narrative, p. 487.
[329] Doubtless a slip of Ramusio’s pen for cows, i. e., buffalos.
[330] Coronado doubtless misinterpreted what the natives intended
to communicate. The “hot lake” was in all probability the salt lake
alluded to on page 550, near which Marata was situated. Totonteac was
of course Tusayan, or “Tucano.”
[331] This is a form of the Zuñi name for Acoma—Hakukia.
[332] As clear a description of the form of tribal government among
the Pueblo Indians as is anywhere to be found is in Bandelier’s
story, The Delight Makers. Mr Bandelier has been most successful in
his effort to picture the actions and spirit of Indian life.
[333] Dr J. Walter Fewkes has conclusively shown that the snake
dance, probably the most dramatic of Indian ceremonials, is
essentially a prayer for rain. Coming as it does just as the natural
rainy season approaches, the prayer is almost invariably answered.
[334] Possibly those used in weaving.
[335] This whole sentence is omitted by Hakluyt. The conquerors, in
the literature of New Spain, are almost always those who shared with
Cortes in the labors and the glory of the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
[336] Translated from Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias,
vol. xix, p. 529. This document is anonymous, but it is evidently
a copy of a letter from some trusted companion, written from
Granada-Hawikuh, about the time of Coronado’s letter of August 3,
1540. In the title to the document as printed, the date is given as
1531, but there can be no doubt that it is an account of Coronado’s
Journey.
[337] The printed Spanish text reads: “que como venian abriendo y
descobriendo, cada dia, camino, los arcabucos y rios, y malos pasos,
se llevaban en parte.” . . .
[338] A part of Granada, near the Alhambra. There is a curious
similarity in the names Albaicin and Hawikuh, the latter being the
native name of Coronado’s Granada.
[339] Uttering the war cry of Santiago.
[340] The printed manuscript is V. M., which signifies Your Majesty.
[341] Doubtless Thunder mountain.
[342] The source of this document is stated in the bibliographic
note, p. 413. This appears to be a transcript from letters written,
probably at Tiguex on the Rio Grande, during the late summer or early
fall of 1541.
[343] The Spanish text of this document is printed in Buckingham
Smith’s Florida, p. 147, from a copy made by Muñoz, and also in
Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. xiv, p. 318, from a
copy found in the Archives of the Indies at Seville. The important
variations in the texts are noted in the footnotes. See page 398 in
regard to the value of this anonymous document. No date is given in
the document, but there can be no doubt that it refers to Coronado’s
expedition. In the heading to the document in the Pacheco y Cardenas
Coleccion, the date is given as 1531, and it is placed under that
year in the chronologic index of the Coleccion. This translation, as
well as that of the letter to Charles V, which follows, has already
been printed in American History Leaflet, No. 13.
[344] The spelling of Cibola and Culiacan is that of the Pacheco y
Cardenas copy. Buckingham Smith prints Civola and Culuacan.
[345] Buckingham Smith prints Tovar and Tuçan.
[346] See the letter of August 3, 1540, p. 562.
[347] The Acoma people call their pueblo Áko, while the name for
themselves is Akómë, signifying “people of the white rock.” The Zuñi
name of Acoma, as previously stated, is Hákukia; of the Acoma people,
Hákukia. Hacus was applied by Niza to Hawikuh, not to Acoma—_Hodge_.
[348] The Rio Grande.
[349] Evidently Taos, the native name of which is Tūatá, the Picuris
name being Tuopá, according to Hodge.
[350] The Spanish text (p. 323) is: “Tiene diez é ocho barrios; cada
uno tiene tanto sitio como dos solares, las casas muy juntas.”
[351] Identical with Castañeda’s Cicuyc or Cicuye—the pueblo of Pecos.
[352] Southeast, in Buckingham Smith’s Muñoz copy.
[353] Tuxeque, in the Muñoz copy.
[354] Or mines, as Muñoz guesses.
[355] And jerked beef dried in the sun, in the Muñoz copy only.
[356] The text of this letter is printed in Pacheco y Cardenas,
Documentos de Indias, vol. iii, p. 363, from a copy made by Muñoz,
and also in the same collection, vol. xiii, p. 261, from a copy in
the Archives of the Indies at Seville. There is a French translation
in Ternaux, Cibola volume, p. 355. See the footnote to the preceding
document.
[357] Coronado had apparently forgotten the atrocities committed by
the Spaniards at Tiguex.
[358] The text of this narrative is found in Buckingham Smith’s
Florida, p. 154, from a copy made by Muñoz, and in Pacheco y
Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. xiv, p. 304, from the copy
in the Archives of the Indies. A French translation is given in
Ternaux-Compans’ Cibola volume, p. 364.
[359] The Spanish text reads: “Habrá como dos jornadas (;) en este
pueblo de los Corazones. (es) Es un arroyo de riego y de tierra
caliente, y tienen sus viviendas de unos ranchos que despues de
armados los palos, casi á manera de hornos, aunque muy mayores, los
cubren con unos petates. Tienen maiz y frisoles y calabazas para su
comer, que creo que no le falta. Vistense de cueros de venados, y
aquí por ser este puesto al parecer cosa decente, se mandó poblar
aquí una villa de los españoles que iban traseros donde vivieron
hasta casi que la jornada peresció. Aquí hay yerba y seguro (segund)
lo que della se vió, y la operacion que hace es la más mala que se
puede hallar, y de lo que tuvimos entendido ser, era de la leche de
un árbol pequeño, á manera de lantisco en cuasci, (, E Nasce) en
pizarrillas y tierra estéril.” This quotation follows the Pacheco y
Cardenas text. The important variations of Buckingham Smith’s copy
are inclosed within parentheses. The spelling of the two, in such
matters as the use of _b_ and _v_, _x_ and _j_, and the punctuation,
differ greatly.
[360] See Bandelier’s Gilded Man, p. 175. This is Castañeda’s
“Guagarispa” as mistakenly interpreted by Ternaux-Compans, the
present Arispe, or, in the Indian dialect, Huc-aritz-pa. The words
“Ispa, que” are not in the Pacheco y Cardenas copy.
[361] The Spanish text is either “ino mui salada de yerva” (B.
Smith), or “y no muy solada de yerva” (Pacheco y Cardenas). Doubtless
the reference is to the alkali soil and vegetation.
[362] The Spanish text (p. 308) is: “el vestido de los indios es de
cueros de venados, estremadísimo el adobo, alcanzan ya algunos cueros
de vacas adobado con quo se cobijan, que son á manera de bernias y de
mucho abrigo; tienen mantas de algodon cuadradas; unas mayores que
otras, como de vara y media en largo; las indias las traen puestas
por el hombro á manera de gitanas y ceñidas una vuelta sobre otra por
su cintura con una cinta del mismo algodon; estando en este pueblo
primero de Cibola, el rostro el Nordeste; un poquito ménos está á
la mano izquierda de él, cinco jornadas, una provincia que se dice
Tucayan.”
[363] Acoma. See note on page 492.
[364] Sia.
[365] Identical with Taos—the Braba of Castañeda and the Yuraba of
the Relacion del Suceso.
[366] Pecos. In Pacheco y Cardenas this is spelled Tienique.
[367] All references to hot rooms or estufas are of course to be
construed to mean the kivas or ceremonial chambers.
[368] Tiguex is here doubtless referred to.
[369] One of the villages whose names Jaramillo did not know was
probably the Ximena (Galisteo) of Castañeda.
[370] In Buckingham Smith’s copy occurs the phrase, “que decian ellos
para significarnoslo Teucarea.” This is not in Pacheco y Cardenas.
[371] The Spanish text (p. 315) of this description of the
Kansas-Nebraska plains is: “Esta tierra tiene muy linda la
apariencia, tal que no la he visto yo mejor . . . porque no es tierra
muy doblada sino de lo más (de lomas) y llanos, y rios de muy linda
apariencia y aguas, que cierto me contento y tengo presuncion que
será muy fructífera y de todos frutos. En los ganados ya está la
esperencia (inspiriencia) en la mano por la muchedumbre que hay, que
estanta cuanto quieran pensar: jallamos cirguelas de Castilla, un
género dellas que nī son del todo coloradas, sino entre coloradas y
algo negras y verdes. (,) El árbol y el fruto es cierto de Castilla,
de muy gentil sabor; jallamos entre las vacas, lino, que produce la
tierra, é brecitas (hebrecitas) arredradas unas de otras, que como
el ganado no las come se quedan por allí con sus cabezuelas y flor
azul, y aunque pequeño muy perfecto, natural del de nuestra España
(perfecto; zumaque natural . . . ). En algunos arroyos, uvas de
razonable sabor para no beneficiadas: las casas que estos indios
tenian, eran de paxa y muchas dellas redondas, y la paxa llegaba
hasta el suelo como pared que no tenia la proporcion y manera de las
de acá; por de fuera y encima desto, tenian una manera como capilla
ó garita, con una entrada donde se asomaban los indios sentados ó
echados.”
[372] The pueblos of the Rio Grande.
[373] This is the spelling of Panuco in both texts.
[374] The text of this report is printed in Buckingham Smith’s
Florida, p. 65, from the Muñoz copy, and in Pacheco y Cardenas,
Documentos de Indias, vol. iii, p. 511. See note on page 391. A
translation of this document was printed in the Boston Transcript for
October 14, 1893.
[375] Acuco or Acoma. The route taken by Alvarado was not the same
as that followed by Coronado, who went by way of Matsaki. Alvarado’s
course was the old Acoma trail which led directly eastward from
Hawikuh or Ojo Caliente.
[376] Day of the nativity of the Blessed Virgin, September 8. This
was the Tiguex or present Rio Grande.
[377] Translated freely and abridged from the depositions as printed
in Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. xiv, p. 373. See
note on page 377. The statements of the preceding witnesses are
usually repeated, in effect, in the testimony of those who follow.
[378] Judge of the highest court of the province.
[379] Thursday.
INDEX
ACAPULCO, port on coast of New Spain … 385
—, rendezvous for Alvarado's fleet … 409
—, departure of Alarcon from … 403
—, departure of Ulloa from … 369
ACAXES indians of Culiacan … 514
ACHA pueblos … 519
ACOCHIS, indian name for gold … 493, 512
ACOMA, Jaramillo's name for … 587
—, Tigua name for … 492
—, Zuñi name for … 490
—, Alvarado's description of … 594
—, Castañeda's description of … 491
—, description of by companions of Coronado … 569, 575
—, reputation of, in Sonora … 357
—, visit of Arellano to … 494
—, visit of Spaniards to … 390
—, worship of cross at … 544
—, <i>see</i> ACUCO, ACUS.
ACORNS, use of, by indians as food … 517
ACOSTA, MARIA DE, wife of Pedro Castañeda … 470
ACUCO, location of … 519, 524
—, visit of Alvarado to … 490
—, cartographic history of … 403
—, <i>see</i> ACOMA, ACUS.
ACUCU, Coronado's comments on name of … 560
ACUIQUE, name for Cicuye … 523
ACUS, identified with Acoma … 357
—, Coronado's account of … 560
—, <i>see</i> ACOMA, ACUCO.
ADOBE, description of … 520, 562, 569
—, making of, described … 356
AGAVE, liquor made from … 516
— fiber, use of, for garments … 517
AGUAIAUALE, seaport of Culiacan … 385
AGUAS CALIENTES, pueblo of … 525
AGUILAR, JUAN DE, Mendoza's agent in Spain … 368
AHACUS, identified with Hawikuh … 358
ÁKO, native name for Acoma … 575
AKÓNË, native name for people of Acoma … 575
ALARCON, D. DE, confusion of, with Alcaraz … 501
ALARCON, H. DE, expedition by sea, under … 385,478
—, Colorado river discovered by … 403, 574
—, Estevan's death reported to … 360
—, message of, found by Diaz … 407, 486
—, Coronado's fears for … 555
ALBAICIN, similarity of, with Hawikuh … 564
ALCARAZ, DIEGO DE, lieutenant of Diaz … 485, 501
—, incompetence of … 502
—, death of … 533
ALEMAN, JUAN, inhabitant of Mexico … 495
ALEXERES, uncertain meaning of … 507
ALKALI soil, references to … 586
ALLIGATORS, danger from, in rivers of New Galicia … 539
ALMAGRO, struggles of, in Peru against Pizarro … 376
ALMAGUER, ANTONIO DE, secretary in New Spain … 598
ALMIDEZ CHERINO, PERO, royal veedor for New Spain … 596, 598
ALMIRANTAZGO, island of … 545
ALOE, Mexican, use of, for clothing by pueblo indians … 569
ALVARADO, HERNANDO DE, appointment of … 477
—, Coronado protected by, at Cibola … 483
—, expedition of, to Rio Grande … 390, 490, 575
—, report of discoveries by … 594
—, Pecos chiefs imprisoned by … 493
—, visit of, to Braba … 511
—, wounded by indians … 557
ALVARADO, PEDRO DE, lieutenant of Cortes, conqueror of Guatemala … 352
—, failure of expedition to Peru … 352
—, unites with Mendoza for exploration … 353
—, arguments before Council for the Indies … 372
—, efforts to provide wives for colonists … 374
—, arrival of, in New Spain … 408
—, expedition of, to Peru … 474
—, feats of … 540
—, death of, a Nochistlan … 410
AMATEPEQUE, revolt in, quelled by Coronado … 380
AMBUSH, use of, by Spaniards … 500
AMMUNITION, lack of, in New Spain … 540
ANACAPA ISLAND, visit of Ferrel to … 412
ANDREW TARASCAN remains in pueblo country … 592
ANGEL DE LA GUARDIA, island of … 554
ANIMALS of pueblo region … 518
— taken by Coronado for food supply … 553
ANTONIO DE CICDAD-RODRIGO, Franciscan provincial in Mexico … 354
ANTONIO BE SANTA MARIA, Franciscan friar … 474
ANTONIO VICTORIA, friar, leg of, broken … 482
APALACHE BAY explored by Narvaez … 346
ÂQUIU, name for Cienye … 523
ARACHE, province of great plains … 529, 588
ARAE, indian village on great plains … 577
ARAHEI, province of, on great plains … 588
ARCHE, province near Quivira … 503
ARELLANO, TRISTAN DE, lieutenant to Coronado … 508
—, appointment of, as captain … 477
—, command of, in Coronado's army … 391, 481, 572, 577, 581
—, at Corazones … 485
—, arrival of, at Cibola and Tiguex … 492, 494, 510
ARISPA, settlement of … 515
—, visit of Coronado to … 585
ARIVAYPA CREEK in Arizona … 387
ARIZONA, adobe of … 520
ARIZPE, <i>see</i> ARISPA.
ARKANSAS RIVER followed by Coronado … 397
ARROWPOINTS, in graves at Sikyatki … 519
ARTILLERY, substitutes for, devised by Spaniards … 500
—, use of, at Chiametla … 481
—, use of, by Indians … 524
—, use of, in exploring expeditions … 546
ATAHUALPA killed by Pizarro … 354
AUDIENCIA, definition of … 472
—, functions of the … 350
AUDIENCIA, expeditions into new territory forbidden by … 369
AVILA, PEDRO DE, ringleader in rebellion at Suya … 533
AXA, province in great plains … 492
AZTEC warriors allies of Spaniards in Mixton war … 410
BABBITT, IRVING, acknowledgments to … 552
BACALLAOS, name applied to Newfoundland, … , 526
BACHELORS forbidden to hold land in America … 374
BALCONIES, description of, in pueblo houses … 523
BALSAS, RIO DE LAS, crossed by Coronado on rafts … 586
BANCROFT, H.H., on Cabeza de Vaca's route … 348
—, mistake in dating Alvarado's report … 391
BANDELIER, A.F., researches in southwestern history … 339
—, discussion of indian legends … 345
—, on Cabeza de Vaca's route … 347
—, on Friar Juan de la Asuncion … 353
—, on route of Friar Marcos … 358
—, defense of veracity of Friar Marcos … 363
—, on date of Coronado's departure … 382
—, on Coronado's route from Culiacan … 386
—, identification of Chichilticalli by … 387, 516
—, identification of Hawikuh-Granada by … 489
—, identification of pueblos by … 511, 524
—, Querechos identified with Apaches by … 396
—, identification of Rio Vermejo by … 482
—, identification of Vacapa by … 355
—, use of sources of Coronado expedition by … 414
—, considers the Turk indian probably a Pawnee … 394
—, on Arizona indian liquor … 516
—, on Opata poison … 538
—, on indian government and estufas … 520
—, on pueblo indian life and government … 561
—, on name of Cicuye … 523
—, on name Teya or Texia … 507
—, on name Tutahaco … 492
—, on Indian giants … 485
—, on Acoma … 490
—, on Ispa and Guagarispa … 585
—, on location of Quivira … 397
—, on location of Tiguex and Cicuye … 491
—, on Matsaki … 517
—, on Petlatlan … 515
—, on the Seven Cities … 473
—, on Topira … 478
—, on Yuqueyunque … 510
BANNOCK, linguistic affinity of the … 525
BANUELOS, B., miner of Zacatecas … 538
BARBELS, native American fish … 517
BARK used in mat making … 259
BARRANCA, RIO DE LA, crossed by Coronado … 586
BARRIONUEVO, FRANCISCO DE, companion of Coronado … 479
—, explorations of … 510
—, adventure of, at Tiguex … 496
BATUCA, Opata settlement in Sonora … 537
BEADS found in graves at Sikyatki … 519
BEANS, stores of, kept by Indians … 584
—, wild, found by Coronado … 507
BEAR in pueblo region … 518, 560
BEJARANO, SERVAN, testimony of … 598
BENAVIDES, A. DE, on methods of building pueblos … 520
—, on use of dogs by plains indians … 527
BENITEZ, death of … 500
BERMEJO, <i>See</i> VERMEJO.
BERNALILLO, location of Tiguex at … 391, 491
BIBLIOGRAPHY of Coronado expedition … 599
BIGOTES, captain of Cicuye indians … 490
—, <i>see</i> WHISKERS.
BILLEGAS, FRANCISCO DE, agent for De Soto in Mexico … 366
—, correspondence of, with De Soto … 370
BIRDS of pueblo region … 521
BISON first seen by Coronado's force … 391
—, description of … 527, 541, 543
— described by Cicuye indians … 490
— described by Colorado river indians … 405
— described by companion of Coronado … 570
— described by Coronado … 580
— described by Jaramillo … 587
—, Alvarado's journey among … 576
—, Coronado's army supplied with meat of … 577, 581
— killed by plains indians … 504
BISON, pile of bones of … 542
—, skins of, found by Coronado at Cibola … 560
—, stampede of … 505
BITUMEN used by indians in making rafts … 407
BLANKETS of native American cotton … 517
BLIZZARD experienced by Coronado … 506
BOCANEGRA, HERNAND PEREZ DE, <i>See</i> PEREZ.
BOSTON TRANSCRIPT, translation of Alvarado's report in … 594
BOURKE, J.G., on Apache medicine-men … 360
BOYOMO, river and settlement of … 515
BRABA, pueblo of … 525
—, description of, by Alvarado … 505
—, village of, visited by Spaniards … 511
BRACELETS of Turk indian … 493
BREAD of pueblo indians … 522
—, use of, among Colorado river indians … 485
BRIDGE built by Spaniards across Canadian river … 397, 504
—, Indian, across Rio Grande … 511
BRIGANTINES, French, on the coast of New Spain … 547
BUENAGUIA, Alarcon's name for Colorado river … 406, 574
BUFFALO, <i>see</i> BISON.
BUFFALO SKINS given to Coronado … 505
— obtained through trade by Sonora indians … 357
BURGOS, JUAN DE, estates of, forfeited for bachelorhood … 379
BURIAL among pueblo indians … 518
— by Tiguex indians … 595
BURIEL, a variety of cloth … 543
BURNING of indian captives condemned by Spaniards … 393
— of indians at stake by Spaniards … 407
CABEZA DE VACA, ALVAR NUÑEZ, arrival of, in New Spain … 345, 474
—, royal treasurer on Narvaez' expedition … 347
—, narrative of Narvaez' expedition by … 349
—, narrative of, translated by Ternaux … 349
—, tells Alvarado of his discoveries … 352
—, indian traditions regarding … 539
—, efforts to verify reports of … 354
—, description of bison by … 543, 548
—, uses gourds of indian medicine-men … 360
—, traces of, found by Coronado … 505, 506
—, in Corazones valley … 484, 585
CABOT, SEBASTIAN, map of, cited … 403
CABRILLO, J.R., voyage of, along California coast … 411
CALIFORNIA, coast of, explored by Ferrel … 412
—, exploration of gulf of … 369, 514
—, peninsula of, mistaken for an island … 404, 486
—, natives of peninsula of … 514
CAMPO, ANDRES DO, Portuguese companion of Padilla … 400
—, remains in Quivira … 529, 535
—, return of, to New Spain … 401, 544
CANADIAN RIVER, journey of Alvarado along … 391, 576
—, crossed by Coronado … 397, 504
CANTELOUPES, introduction of, into pueblo country … 550
—, indian use of, as food … 516
CANYON OF THE COLORADO visited by Spaniards … 390, 489
CAPETLAN, <i>see</i> CAPOTHAN.
CAPOTHAN, province in New Spain … 529
CAPOTLAN <i>or</i> CAPOTEAN, indians from, accompany Padilla … 592
CARBAJAL, death of Spaniard named … 500
CARDENAS, DIEGO LOPEZ DE, name of, given by Mota Padilla … 477
CARDENAS, GARCIA LOPEZ, succeeds Samaniego as field-master … 388
—, appointment of, as captain … 477
—, confusion of, with Urrea … 489
—, visits Colorado river … 390, 489, 574
—, indian village attacked by … 496
—, Coronado protected by, at Cibola … 483, 557, 573
—, treachery of indians toward … 498
—, indians interviewed by … 497
—, interview of, with indians … 555, 556
—, at Tiguex … 492
—, preparations for winter quarters by … 576
—, accident to … 505, 577
—, death of brother of … 530
CARDENAS, GARCIA LOPEZ, recalled to Spain … 399, 578, 583
CARDONA, ANOTNIO SERRANO DE, <i>See</i> SERRANO.
CARTOGRAPHIC results of Coronado expedition … 403
CASA DE CONTRATACION, description of … 351
CASA GRANDE, attempts to identify with Chichilticalli … 387
CASTAÑEDA, ALONSO DE, death, of … 500
CASTAÑEDA, PEDRO DE, narrative of Coronado expedition by … 413, 417
—, manuscript of, in Lenox library … 339, 413
—, story of an indian trader … 345
—, explanation of troubles between Friar Marcos and Estevan … 355
—, story of Estevan's death … 360
—, says Friar Marcos' promotion was arranged by Mendoza … 364
—, accusations against Friar Marcos … 366
—, mistake regarding departure of Alarcon … 385
—, stories of revolt of Rio Grande indians … 393
—, credibility of his version of the Turk's stories of Quivira … 394
—, Spanish family name … 511
—, difficulties in manuscript of … 513, 514
—, peculiarities of style of … 525, 526
CASTILLO, ALONSO DEL, same as Maldonado … 348
CATTLE, imported into New Spain … 375
CAVALLOS, BAHIA DE LOS, site of Narvaez' camp … 347
CEDROS, ARROYO DE LOS, crossed by Coronado … 584
CENTIZPAC, a river in New Galicia … 382
CEREMONIAL meal, use of, on Moki trails … 488
CEREMONIES of pueblo indians … 544, 550, 573
—, pueblo, studied by Fewkes … 359
— of Tiguex indians … 595
CERECS THURBERH, <i>see</i> PITAHAYA.
CERVANTES, a Spanish soldier … 503
CEVOLA, <i>see</i> CIBOLA.
CHAMETLA, <i>see</i> CHIAMETLA.
CHAMITA, on site of Yuqueyunque … 510, 525
CHANNING, EDWARD, acknowledgments to … 339
CHERINO, PERO ALMIDEZ, <i>see</i> ALMIDEZ.
CHIA, indian village mentioned by Jaramillo … 587
—, mention of road to … 594
—, cannon deposited in villages of … 503
—, <i>see</i> SIA.
CHIAMETLA, appointment of Trejo in … 500
—, death of Samaniego at … 480, 547
—, desertion of … 383
CHICHILTICALLI, description of … 516
— described by Jaramillo … 584
— described by Mota Padilla … 487
—, limit of Diaz' exploration … 303
—, first sight of, by Coronado … 482
— visited by Coronado … 387
—, Coronado's description of … 554
—, visit of Diaz to … 480
—, visit of Friar Marcos to … 475
CHICHIMECAS, Mexican word for braves … 524
—, Mexican indians … 529
CHINA, coast of, connected with America … 513, 526
CIBOLA described by indians of Sonora … 356
—, extent of range of … 358
—, stories of, inspired by Friar Marcos … 364
— captured by Coronado lvii, 388, 556, 565, 573
—, Castañeda's description of … 482
—, Diaz' description of houses at … 548
—, Coronado's description of … 558
—, description of … 517, 565, 569, 573
—, description of houses at … 520
—, cartographic history of … 403
—, <i>see</i> ZUÑI.
CICUIC, <i>see</i> CICUYE, PECOS.
CICUIQUE, <i>see</i> CICUYE.
CICUYE, synonymous with Pecos … 391
—, description of … 523, 525
— described by companions of Coronado … 570, 575
— described by Jaramillo … 587
—, indians from, visit Coronado … 490
—, Alvarado's visit to … 491
—, visit of Coronado to … 502
—, treachery of indians at … 509
—, siege of, by Spaniards … 511
—, cartographic history of … 403
—, river of, crossed by Spaniards … 504, 510
CINALOA RIVER crossed by Coronado … 584
— north of New Galicia … 386, 515
CLIMATE of Cibola, Coronado's account of … 559
CLOTHING of the Hopi … 517
— of indians at Quivira … 582
— of indians at Sonora … 515
— of indians taken by Spaniards … 495
— of plains indians … 507
— of pueblo indians … 404, 517, 549, 562, 563, 569, 573, 586, 595
CLUBS, indian … 498
COAHUILA, a Mexican state … 545
COCHIN, letter from, to Mendoza … 412
COCHITI, pueblo of … 525
COCO, Alvarado's name for Acoma … 594
COLIMA, town in western New Spain … 385
—, illness of Mendoza at … 551
—, ravines of … 505
COLONISTS of New Spain, characteristics of … 373
COLONIZATION of New Spain … 374
COLORADO, adobe of … 520
COLORADO RIVER, discovery of … 403, 574
—, visit of Diaz to … 406, 485
—, visit of Cardonas to … 390, 489
COLUMBIA RIVER, drift of, seen by Ferrel … 412
COMANCHE, identification of, with Teya … 524
—, linguistic affinity of the … 525
COMBS, use of, in weaving … 562
COMPOSTELA, establishment of … 473
—, rendezvous of Coronado's army at … 362
—, review of Coronado's force in … 596
—, departure of Coronado from … 377, 478
COMUPATRICO, settlement of … 515
CONA, settlement of plains Indians … 507
CONQUISTADORES, meaning of term in New Spain … 563
COPALA, name of province in great plains … 492
COPPER found by Coronado at Quivira … 397, 509, 577, 582
— recognized by Colorado river indians … 405
— bell found among Texas Indians … 350
— mines, ancient, in Michigan … 345
COQUITE, pueblo of … 523
CORAZONES, settlement of, by Arellano … 572
—, river and settlement of … 515
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 585
—, food supply in … 553
—, kindness of Indians of … 534, 537
—, or valley of Hearts, in Sonora … 392
—, Coronado's army in valley of … 484
CORN, description of native American … 518
—, stores of, kept by Indians … 584
—, method of grinding, at pueblos … 522, 559
—, <i>see</i> MAIZE.
CORONADO, FRANCISCO VAZQUEZ, commission of, as governor of New
Galicia … 351
—, escorts Friar Marcos to Culiacan … 355
—, returns to Mexico with Friar Marcos … 362, 381
—, accompanied Mendoza to Mexico … 376
—, request by, for investigation of personnel of force … 377
—, marriage and history … 379, 474
—, quells revolt of miners at Amatepeque … 380
—, rumors of his appointment as governor … 380
—, wounded at Cibola … 573, 565, 388, 483, 557
—, departure of, for Quivira … 395, 577
—, return of, to Mexico … 401
—, end of career of … 402
—, appointment of … 474, 476
—, departure of, from Compostela … 478
—, Tutahaco visited by … 492
—, letter written by, to survivors of Narvaez' expedition … 507, 590
—, separation of, from main army … 508
—, cause of illness of … 531, 538, 579
—, departure of, from Culiacan … 552
—, regrets of, for failure of expedition … 583
—, petition from, to Mendoza … 596
CORONADO EXPEDITION, memoir on … 329–613
CORTES, HERNANDO, defeats Narvaez … 346
—, Marquis del valle de Oxitipar … 350
—, settlement at Santa Cruz … 351
—, declares Friar Marcos' report to be a lie … 367
—, troubles of, with Mendoza … 368, 409
—, expedition under Ulloa to head of gulf of California … 369
—, arguments before the Council for the Indies … 371
—, efforts to populate New Spain … 373
—, importation of cattle by … 374
—, name Nueva España given by … 403
—, rivalry of, with Guzman … 473
CORTES, HERNANDO, trial for murder of wife of … 473
—, feats of … 540
—, probably mistaken reference to, in Ramusio … 556
COTTON at Acoma, Coronado's account of … 569
—, cultivation of, on Rio Grande … 575
— found at Cibola by Coronado … 558
—, use of, by pueblo indians … 569
— blankets, native American … 517
— cloth at Tusayan … 489
COUNCIL FOR THE INDIES, investigates charges against Cabeza de Vaca
… 349
COWS, <i>see</i> BISON.
CRANES in pueblo region … 521
CREMATION among pueblo indians … 518
CROSS, sign of, among pueblo indians … 518
—, veneration for, among indians … 544, 548, 555
— raised by Coronado in Quivira … 591
CROW INDIANS, arrows of the … 279
CROWS in pueblo region … 521
CRUZ, BAHIA DE LA, explored by Narvaez … 346
CULIACAN, SAN MIGUEL DE … 547
—, foundation of, by Guzman … 473
—, description of … 513
—, arrival of Cabeza de Vaca at … 474
—, Coronado entertained at … 384
—, Coronado's departure from … 552
—, return of Coronado to … 538
CULUACAN, <i>see</i> CULIACAN.
CURRANTS, wild, found by Coronado … 510
CUSHING, F.H., on Acus, Totonteac, and Marata … 357
—, on indian burials … 518
—, on indian fruit preserves … 487
CUYACAN, ANDRES DE, indian ally of Coronado … 535
DANCES of the Tahus … 613
DANIEL, Franciscan friar and lay brother … 474, 556
DAVIS, W.W.H., on destruction of New Mexican documents … 535
DĀ´ WĀ·WÝMP-KI-YAS, Tusayan sun priests … 518
DEER at Cibola … 560
—, description of, by Colorado river indians … 405
— in pueblo region … 518
— of great plains … 528
DESCALONA, LOUIS, labors of, at Pecos … 401
DE SOTO, <i>see</i> SOTO.
DIALECTS among plains indians … 582
DIAZ, MELCHIOR, position of … 477
—, ordered to verify Friar Marcos' reports … 363
—, Niza's report investigated by … 547, 553, 572
—, on Niza's discoveries … 383
—, in command of San Hieronimo … 392
—, command of, at Corazones … 484
—, exploration by … 406, 480, 485, 574
—, death of … 407, 501
DIVORCE among pueblo indians … 521
—, <i>see</i> MARRIAGE.
DO CAMPO, <i>see</i> CAMPO.
DOGS, mention of, in connection with Coronado expedition … 401, 405, 407
—, use of, by plains indians … 504, 507, 527, 570, 579
DOMINGUEZ, quotations from dictionary of … 545
DONADO, ecclesiastical use of term … 400
DORANTES, ANDRES, survivor of Narvaez expedition … 348
—, remains in Mexico to conduct explorations … 349
—, travels of … 474
—, traces of, found by Coronado … 505, 506
DORANTES, FRANCISCO, mistake for Andres … 348
—, <i>see</i> CABEZA DE VACA.
DRAKE, FRANCIS, on indian giants … 485
DRUM at Pecos … 491
DRUNKENNESS, absence of, at Cibola 518
— among the Tahus … 574
DURANGO, a Mexican state … 545
—, province of New Spain … 353
—, mines in … 476
EAGLES, tame, kept by indians … 516
EAMES, WILBERFOECE, acknowledgments to … 339
EARTHENWARE of indians mentioned by Castañeda … 511
—, <i>see</i> POTTERY.
EARTHQUAKES near mouth of Colorado river … 501
ECLIPSE, effect of, at Cibola … 518
ENCACONADOS, Sonoran use of term … 358
ESPEJO, ANTONIO DE, Mexican indians found at Cibola by … 401, 536
—, on clothing of Zuñi indians … 517
—, on Coronado's attack on Tiguex … 496
—, on plains indians … 527
ESPINOSA, death of … 555, 564, 586
ESPIRITU SANTO river identified with Mississippi … 346
ESTEBANILLO, <i>see</i> ESTEVAN.
ESTEVAN, survivor of Narvaez expedition … 348
—, qualifications as a guide … 354
— proceeds to Cibola in advance of Niza … 355
—, travels of … 474
—, death of … 475, 551, 586
—, Coronado's account of the death of … 563
—, death of, described by Colorado river indians … 405
—, native legends of death of … 361
ESTRADA, ALONZO DE, royal treasurer for New Spain … 379
—, parentage of … 474
ESTRADA, BEATRICE DE, wife of Coronado … 379, 478
ESTREMADURA, Spanish province … 511
ESTUFAS, descriptions of … 520
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 587
—, reference to … 569
— at Cibola … 518
—, very large, at Braba … 511
—, <i>see</i> KIVA
EUDEVE, branch of Opata Indians … 537
EUPHOEBIACEA, name of Opata poison … 538
FEATHERS, Indian trade in … 472
—, use of, by pueblo indians … 544, 559, 570
—, use of, for garments … 517
FERDINAND, KING, family of … 474
FERNANDEZ, DOMINGO, Spanish soldier, death of … 538
FERREL, B. DE, pilot and successor of Cabrillo … 411
FETICHES, found in graves at Sikyatki … 519
FEWKES, J. WALTER, excavations by … 519
—, researches at Tusayan and Zuñi … 339, 359
—, on estufas … 520
—, on Hopi ceremonials … 544,550
—, on snake dance … 561
—, on sun priests and kiva ceremonies … 518
FIGUEROA, GOMEZ SUAREZ DE, companion of Coronado … 477
FIREBRAND, use of, by Indians in traveling … 485
FIREBRAND RIVER, <i>see</i> COLORADO, TIZON.
FLAX, river of … 554, 555
—, wild, on great plains … 528, 591
FLETCHER, FRANCIS, on indian giants … 485
FLORIDA explored by De Soto … 370
— explored by Narvaez … 340, 474
—, reputed bad character of country of … 545
FLOWERS, use of, in pueblo ceremonials … 544
FLUTES at Pecos … 491
FOOD of Acoma Indians … 491
—, supply of, in Acoma … 594
— of pueblo Indians … 506, 527, 549, 559, 569, 586, 593
— supply of Tiguex Indians … 595
— supply of Spanish army … 562
— of Tusayan Indians … 489
FOWLS, domestic, among the pueblos … 516, 521,559
FRANCISCANS, election of Niza by … 476
—, dress of … 543
— in New Spain … 474
FRIO, RIO, crossed by Coronado … 586
FRUIT, introduction of, into pueblo country … 550
—, wild, of great plains … 528
FUNERAL witnessed by Coronado … 519
GALERAS, JUAN, exploration of Colorado river canyons by … 489
GALICIA, NEW KINGDOM OF, in New Spain … 473
GALINDO, LUIS, chief justice for New Galicia … 351
GALISTEO, pueblo of … 523, 525
—, mention of, by Jaramillo … 587
GALLEGO, JUAN, companion of Coronado … 477
—, messenger from Coronado to Mendoza … 392,394
—, messenger from Mexico to Coronado … 533, 534
—, in Corazones … 484
—, meets Coronado on his return … 537
—, feats of … 540
GAME in pueblo region … 518, 521, 560
GARCIA, ANDRES, on effect of Marcos' report … 365
GARCIA ICAZBALCETA <i>see</i> ICAZBALCETA.
GARNETS found at Cibola by Coronado … 559
GATSCHET, A.S., on name of Cibola … 517
GEESE in pueblo region … 521
GEOGRAPHICAL results of Coronado expedition … 403
GIANTS, discovery of tribe of … 392
—, indian, finding of, by Maldonado … 484
—, indian, visit of Diaz among … 485
GILA RIVER, possible early visit to … 333
GOATS, mountain, in pueblo country … 550, 560
—, mountain, seen by Spaniards … 516
GOLD, discovery of, Suya … 533
— found by Coronado at Cibola … 503
—, reports of, from Quivira … 503, 501, 512
— found at Quivira by Coronado … 582
—, use of, in indian trade … 472
GOMARA, F.L. de, on Chichimecas … 524
—, on clothing of pueblo Indians … 517
—, description of bison by … 513
—, on illness of Coronado … 531
—, on return of Coronado … 539
—, on capture of Cibola … 483
—, on stories told by Turk indian … 492
—, on Quivira and Padilla … 529
GOOSE, <i>see</i> GEESE.
GORBALAN, FRANCISCO, companion of Coronado … 477
GOURD used by Estevan as sign of authority … 360
—, use of, for carrying water … 490
GOVERNMENT of pueblo indians … 356, 518, 561
— of Sonora indians … 513
GRANADA, Coronado's name for Hawikuh … 389, 558, 564
—, <i>see</i> HAWIKUH, CIBOLA.
GRAND CANYON, <i>see</i> COLORADO RIVER.
GRAPES, introduction of, into pueblo country … 550
—, wild, found by Coronado … 507, 510, 528, 582, 591
GREAT PLAINS, description of 527
—, description of, by companion of Coronado … 570
—, Coronado's description of … 580
—, dangers of traveling on … 578
GREY FRIARS, name of … 513
GUACHICHULES, Mexican native province … 515
GUADALAJARA, citizens of, in Coronado's army … 598
—, defense of, in Mixton war … 408, 410
—, election of magistrates at … 381
GUADALAJARA, ANTON DE, native ally of Coronado … 536
GUADALAXARA, name of, changed in 1540 … 473
GUADALUPE CANYON, pueblos in … 525
GUADIAINA, Spanish river … 511
GUAES, province near Quivira … 503, 529
GUAGARISPA, settlement of … 515
—, <i>see</i> ARISPA, ISPA.
GUAS, province of great plains … 503, 529
GUATEMALA explored by Alvarado 352
—, wives for settlers imported into … 374
GUATULCO, port of New Spain … 369
GUATUZACA, indian mythological personage … 405
GUEVARA, DIEGO DE, name of, cited by Mota Padilla … 477
—, indian village captured by … 500
GUEVARA, JUAN DE, appointment of son of … 477
GUEVARA, PEDRO DE, appointment of, as captain … 477
GUTIERRES, DIEGO, appointment of, as captain … 477
GUYAS, <i>see</i> GUAS.
GUZMAN, NUÑO DE, president of Mexican audiencia … 350
—, position of, in New Spain … 472
—, conquest of New Galicia by … 351
—, arguments of, before Council for the Indies … 372
—, Culiacan settled by … 513
—, expedition of, to Seven Cities … 473
—, result of abuses of … 408
—, imprisoned in Mexico … 351
HACUS, use of name by Niza … 575
HAILSTONES, effect of, in Coronado's camp … 506
HAIR-DRESS of pueblo women … 517
HAKLUYT, R., translation of Coronado's letter by … 552
—, omissions in translation by … 563
—, quotation from … 554, 558, 560
—, Zuñi name for Acoma … 490, 560, 575
—, Zuñi name for Acoma people … 490, 575
HANO, a Tusayan village … 510
HARAHEY, chief of, visits Coronado … 590
HARAL, <i>see</i> HAXA.
HARALE, description of, told to Coronado … 576
HAWIKUH former importance of … 358
—, scene of Estevan's death … 361
—, similarity of, with Albaicin … 564
—, Spanish namo for … 389
HAXA or HAYA, province near Mississippi river … 504, 505, 507
HAYNES, HENRY W., acknowledgments to … 339
—, error of Castañeda corrected by … 501
—, on date of Coronado's departure … 382
—, on identification of Cibola … 389
HEADBANDS of pueblo indians referred to … 549
HEARTS, of animals, use of, as food … 484
HEARTS VALLEY, named by Cabeza de Vaca … 392
—, <i>See</i> CORAZONES.
HEMENWAY, AUGUSTUS, acknowledgments to … 339
HEMENWAY EXPEDITION, bones in collection of … 549
HEMES pueblos … 519, 525
—, visit of Barrionuevo to … 510
—, <i>see</i> JEMEZ.
HENIQUEN FIBER used by pueblo indians … 573
HERBALISTS, <i>see</i> MEDICINE-MEN.
HERNANDEZ, Luis, Spanish soldier, death of … 538
HERRERA, A. DE, on Coronado's visit to Quivira … 509
—, on explorations by Diaz … 406
—, quotation from … 507
HODGE, F.W., acknowledgments to … 339, 599
—, identification of cities of Cibola … 361, 389
—, identification of plains indians … 396
—, on Zuñi name of Acoma … 490
—, on probable identification of Teyas … 524
—, on cotton at Tusayan … 550
—, on pueblo of Matsaki … 517
—, on native names for Taos … 575
HOLMES, W.H., on pueblo pottery … 522
HONDURAS, exploration of, by Alvarado … 352
HOPI, tribal name of indians at Tusayan … 390
—, natal ceremonies of … 517
—, paraphernalia found in graves at Sikyatki … 519
—, tame eagles among … 516
—, use of urine by … 522
—, <i>see</i> MOKI, TUSAYAN.
HORSES, epidemic among, in New Mexico … 536
—, utility of, in new countries … 546
HOUSES, of plains indians … 528
—, <i>see</i> ADOBE.
HUC-ARITZ-PA., <i>see</i> ARISPA.
IBARRA, FRANCISCO DE, mention of … 500
ICAZBALCETA, JOAQUIN GARCIA, acknowledgments to … 339, 413, 568
IDOLATRY among Tahus … 513
IMMIGRATION, early, into New Spain … 374
INCAS, effect of stories of wealth of … 350
INDIA, coast of, connected with America … 513, 526
INFANTADO, DUKE OF, appointment of brother-in-law of … 477
INQUISITION, badge of, described … 507
INTERMARRIAGE, <i>see</i> MARRIAGE.
INTERPRETERS, followers of Cabeza de Vaca trained as … 354
ISLAND OF THE MARQUIS, same as Lower California … 351
ISLETA, Coronado's visit to … 492
—, name of Cibola at … 517
ISOPETE, <i>see</i> YSOPETE.
ISPA, Indian settlement visited by Coronado … 585
—, <i>see</i> ARISPA.
JACONA, Mendoza's letter from … 551
JARAMILLO, JUAN, on the visit to Quivira … 396
—, translation of narrative of … 584
JEMES pueblos … 525
—, <i>see</i> HEMES.
JERONIMO DE SANTISTEBAN, letter of, to Mendoza … 412
JUANA, Queen of Spain … 477
JUAN ALEMAN, name given to pueblo indian … 495
—, treachery of … 498
JUAN DE LA ASUNCION, Franciscan friar in New Spain … 353
JUAN DE LA CRUZ, death of, at Tiguex … 401, 535
JUAN RODRIGUES, ISLA DE, Spanish name for San Miguel … 411
JUEZ DE RESIDENCIA, functions of … 474
KANSAS, Castañeda's description of … 528
—, location of Quivira in … 397, 591
—, <i>see</i> QUIVIRA.
KANSAS RIVER crossed by Coronado … 397
KERES pueblo, <i>see</i> QUERES.
K´IAKIMA, a pueblo of Cibola … 389
—, legend of Estevan's death at … 361
K´IAPKWAINAKWIN, location of … 358
KILLIKINIK, <i>see</i> TOBACCO.
KIVA, Coronado's description of … 558
—, described by Colorado river indians … 405
—, <i>see</i> ESTUFA.
KNIVES, stone, of plains indians … 528
LACHIMI RIVER mentioned … 553
—, <i>see</i> YAQUI, YAQUIMI.
LAGUNA, pueblo of … 525
LA NATIVIDAD, arrival of Alvarado at … 409
LAND assigned to Spanish settlers … 374
LANGUAGE, diversity of, among plains indians … 582
—, difficulties of interpreting indian … 394
LA PAZ, colony at, under Cortes … 352
LARA, ALONSO MANRIQUE DE, companion of Coronado … 477
LENOX LIBRARY, acknowledgment to … 339, 413
LEON, JUAN DE, copy of evidence made by … 598
LEOPARD, <i>see</i> WILDCAT.
LEYVA, FRANCISCO DE, on effect of Marcos' report … 366
LINGUISTICS, <i>see</i> LANGUAGE.
LINO, RIO DEL, reference to … 554, 555
LIONS, native American … 517
— in pueblo region … 518
—, mountain, found by Coronado at Cibola … 560
LITTLE VALLEY, settlement of … 515
LLAMA, former habitat of … 549
LOPEZ, DIEGO, appointment of, as captain … 477
—, appointment of, as army-master … 508
—, Samaniego succeeded by … 480
—, horse of, killed at Cibola … 557
—, adventure of, at Tiguex … 496
—, visit of, to Haxa … 505
LOPEZ DE CARDENAS, G., <i>see</i> CARDENAS.
LOS MUERTOS, excavations at, in Arizona … 518
LOWER CALIFORNIA, early name of … 351
—, colony in, under Cortes … 351
—, Cortes' colony recalled from … 369
LUCAS, native companion of Padilla … 400, 535
LUIS, a Franciscan friar … 556, 565, 579
LUIS DE ESCALONA, settlement of, at Cicuye … 592
LUIS DE UBEDA remains at Cicuye … 401, 534, 535
MACAQUE, a pueblo settlement … 517
—, <i>see</i> MATSAKI.
MAGO, Opata word for poisonous plant … 538
MAGUEY, use of, for clothing by indians … 569
MAIZE, description of … 518
—, <i>see</i> CORN.
MAKYATA, <i>see</i> MARATA, MATYATA.
MALDONADO, ALONSO DEL CASTILLO, survivor of Narvaez, expedition … 348
MALDONADO, RODRIGO, appointment of, as captain … 477
—, oidor in New Spain … 596
—, visit to seacoast by … 484
—, explores Gulf of California … 392
—, travels of … 474
—, camp of, attacked … 499
—, buffalo skins given to, by indians … 505
—, horse of, injures Coronado … 531
MALLERY, GARRICK, Indian sign language … 504
MALLETS, indian … 498
MALUCO, visit to, by Villalobos … 412
MANRICH, A. DE, horse of, killed at Cibola … 557
MANRIQCE DE LARA, ALONSO, <i>see</i> LARA.
MAP drawn by Coronado … 392
— showing results of Coronado expedition … 403
MARATA, Coronado's account of … 560
— identified with Matyata … 357
—, mention of, by Diaz … 550
MARCO POLO, quotation from … 571
—, stories of, compared with Castañeda … 345
MARCOS, <i>see</i> NIZA.
MARJORAM, native American … 517
—, wild, found by Coronado … 510
—, wild, of great plains … 528
MARKSMANSHIP of indians … 499, 507
MARQUÉS, ISLA DEL, name of, given to Lower California … 486
MARQUIS OF THE VALLEY, title of, given to Cortes … 473
—, <i>see</i> CORTES.
MARRIAGE among the Tahus … 513
— at Cibola … 518, 521
— of settlers favored by government … 374
MARTIN, DOMINGO, soldier with Coronado … 597
MÁTA, a pueblo millstone … 522
MATAKI, a pueblo millstone … 522
MATAPA, a settlement in Sonora … 355
MATS used in housebuilding … 514
MATSAKI, Cibola pueblo, description of … 493
—, ruins of pueblo settlement … 517
— visited by Coronado … 594
MATTHEWS, WASHINGTON, on llama in pueblo country … 549
MATYATA, forioer New Mexican pueblo … 357
MEAL, sacred, use of, at Tusayan … 488
MEDICINE-MEN, authority of … 360
MELAZ, JUAN … 560
MELGOSA, PABLO DE, companion of Coronado … 477
—, wounded at Cibola … 557
—, exploration of Colorado river canyons by … 489
—, adventure of, at Tiguex … 496
MELONS, native American … 516
—, stories of, kept by Indians … 584
MENDIETA, G. DE, cited on work of friars in New Mexico … 401
MENDOZA, ANTONIO DE, Cabeza de Vaca entertained by … 348
—, unsuccessful expedition of, under Dorantes … 349
—, effects of administration of … 350
—, plans of, for exploring expeditions … 352
—, instructions from, for Niza … 354
—, report of, on Niza's discoveries … 363
—, petitions by, for right of conquest … 368
—, endeavors to prevent Cortes' expeditions … 369
—, interference with navigation by … 370
—, right of, to explore confirmed … 373
—, importation of cattle by … 375
—, family of … 376
—, appointment of Coronado by … 474
—, friendship of, for Coronado … 476
—, address to soldiers by … 478
—, instructions of, to avoid trouble with Indians … 496
—, complaints of, regarding arms … 540
—, requests for arms by … 378
—, disappointment of, on Coronado's return … 401
—, investigation ordered by … 596
—, agreement with Alvarado … 409
—, illness of … 551
—, death of … 470
MERCATOR, G., map by, cited … 403
MESA, Spanish soldier, cured by quince juice … 538
MESCALI, native American liquor … 516
MESQUITE, native American fruit … 515
MEXICO, CITY OF, in 1556 … 363, 375
MEXICO, CASPAR DE, native ally of Coronado … 536
MICER POGIO, reference to … 571
MICHOACAN, province in New Spain … 473
—, journey of Mendoza across … 478
MIGRATIONS, extent of, of various tribes … 345
MILLS of pueblo women … 522
MINDELEFF, VICTOR, ground plan of Hawikuh by … 363
—, on pueblo mealing troughs … 522
MISSIONARIES, Spanish, early success of, among Indians … 551
—, Spanish, introduction of fruit by … 550
MISSISSIPPI RIVER described by Castañeda … 529
— described to Coronado … 504
—, description of … 493
—, Menomini name of … 218
—, mention of … 510
—, Narvaez wrecked at mouth of … 347
MISSOURI RIVER mentioned by Castañeda … 529
MIXTON PEÑOL, capture of … 411
— WAR, causes of … 408
MOCCASINS, use of, by pueblo women … 517
MOCHILA, settlement of … 515
MOCHILAGUA, indian settlement of … 515
MOKI, rabbit-hair mantles at … 517
—, name for pueblo settlements at Tusayan … 390
—, <i>see</i> HOPI, TUSAYAN.
MOLINA on name of Chichilticalli … 516
— on meaning of tlauele … 524
MONTCALM, Menomini at fall of … 16
MONTEJO, —, feats of, in Tabasco … 540
MONTEZUMA, <i>see</i> MOTECUHZOMA.
MOONEY, JAMES, on identification of Querechos … 396
MORA RIVER, tributary of the Canadian … 397
MORGAN, LEWIS H., on adobe … 520
MORTAR, substitute for, among pueblo indians … 520
—, <i>see</i> ADOBE.
MOSES, BERNARD, on Casa de Contratacion … 351
MOTA PADILLA, M. DE LA, acknowledgments to … 414
—, historian of New Galicia … 375
—, description of Cibola by … 483
—, on Chichilticalli … 487
—, on Coronado's route from Culiacan … 386
—, on death of Friar Juan … 401
—, on death of Samaniego … 480
—, on discovery of Colorado river … 407
—, on indian giants … 485
—, on stories told by Turk indian … 492
—, on Torre's administration … 474
—, quotations from writings of … 476, 477, 479, 480, 483, 486, 487,
492, 497, 498, 500, 504, 506, 511, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523,
530, 531, 535, 538, 543
MOTECUHZOMA conquered by Cortes … 345
MOTOLINIA, T. DE, correspondence of, with friars accompanying Coronado
… 413
MOUNTAIN GOAT, horns of, seen by Coronado … 387
MOUNTAIN LION, <i>see</i> LION.
MULBERRIES, wild, found by Coronado … 507, 528, 582
MUÑOZ, —, copy of Alvarado's report by … 594
—, documents copied by … 572, 580, 584
MUSIC of Pecos indians … 491
— of pueblo indians … 522, 550, 594
MUTINY of Spanish settlers at San Hieronimo … 502
NAJERA, birthplace of Castañeda … 470
NARVAEZ, PANFILO DE, ordered to conquer Cortes … 345
—, imprisoned in Mexico … 346
—, authority for explorations granted to … 346
—, expedition of … 349
—, loses vessel on voyage from Spain … 346
—, route of expedition of … 347
—, drowned off mouth of Mississippi … 347
—, loss of expedition of … 474
—, expedition, rumors of survivors of, heard by Coronado … 507, 590
NATIVIDAD, departure of Alarcon from … 478
NAVARRETE, —, cited on date of petition of Cortes … 307
NAVARRO, GARCIA, on effect of Marcos' report … 366
NEBRASKA, description of, by Castañeda … 528
—, location of Quivira in … 397
—, description of Quivira … 591
NEEDLE, use of, among Indians … 562
NEGRO slave, Estevan a purchaser of … 348
NEGROES, island of … 545
—, mention of, in New Spain … 348, 379, 402, 406
— with Coronado … 506, 592
—, death of, accompanying Coronado … 555, 564
NEWFOUNDLAND, Spanish name for … 513
NEW GALICIA, conquest of … 372
—, demoralization of Coronado's army in … 401
—, description of … 513
— explored by Nuño de Guzman … 351
—, uprising in, during Mixton war … 408
NEXPA RIVER followed by Coronado … 585
—, identification of … 387
NICHOLAS, the Venetian, quotation from … 571
NIZA, MARCOS DE, visit of, to Cibola … 353
—, career of, in Peru … 354
—, travels of … 474
—, visit of, to seacoast from San Pedro valley … 359
—, experience of, after Estevan's death … 360
—, visit of, to valley containing gold … 362
—, selection of, as provincial of Franciscans … 364, 476
—, effect of report of, in New Spain … 365
—, reports of, investigated by Diaz … 480, 547, 553
—, satisfies doubts raised by Diaz … 384
—, mistakes of, concerning Cibola … 573
—, description of bison by … 543
—, on indian pueblos … 520
—, sermon by … 482
—, return of, to Mexico … 389, 484
NOCHISTLAN, death of Alvarado at … 410
NUÑEZ, PEDRO, on effect of Marcos' report … 366
OATS, wild, of great plains … 528
OAXACA, MARQUÉS DEL VALLE DE, title of, given to Cortes … 473
OBANDO, FRANCISCO DE, killing of, by indians … 499, 500
—, <i>see</i> OVANDO.
OJO CALIENTE visited by Alvarado … 594
—, a Zuñi summer village … 358
OLD SOUTH LEAFLET, translation of Coronado's letter in … 552
OÑATE, CHRISTOBAL DE, acting governor of New Galicia … 351
—, Coronado entertained by … 478
—, testimony of … 598
OÑATE, COUNT OF, appointment of nephew of … 477
OÑATE, JUAN DE, reduction of pueblos by … 524
ONORATO, companion of Friar Marcos … 355
OPATA, a tribe of Sonora … 537
—, houses of the … 515
OPUNTIA TUNA. <i>See</i> TUNA.
OREGON, coast of, explored by Cabrillo … 411
ORTIZ, survivor of Narvaez' expedition … 348
OTTER in pueblo region … 518
OVANDO, FRANCISCO DE, treatment of, by indians … 522
—, companion of Coronado … 477
—, <i>see</i> OBANDO.
OVIEDO Y VALDEZ, G.F. DE, on Corazones … 484
—, on Indian clothing … 515
OWENS, J.G., on Hopi dress … 517
—, on Hopi mealing troughs … 522
OXITIPAR, district of, in New Spain … 472
PACASAS, Ternaux's name for Pacaxes … 514
PACAXES, indian tribe of Culiacan … 514
PADILLA, JUAN DE, leader of friars with Coronado … 400
—, visit of, to Tusayan … 488
—, accompanies Alvarado … 391
—, report of discoveries by … 594
—, journey of, to Quivira … 571, 579, 592
—, remains in Quivira … 529, 534
PAEZ, JUAN, report of Cabrillo's voyage by … 411
PAHOS, reference to … 573
PAINT found in graves in Sikyatki … 519
PAINTING of pueblo Indians … 558
PALMOS, RIO DE, probable identification of … 346
PANIAGUA, JUAN, miraculous recovery of … 500
PANICO, <i>see</i> PANUCO.
PANUCO, reference to … 592
— bay, location of … 346
PAPA, title of, given to priests at Zuñi … 518
PASQUARO, visit of Mendoza to … 478
PATEATLAN, <i>see</i> PETATLAN.
PAWNEE mode of hair dressing … 394
PEACE ceremonies at Tiguex … 496
—, form of making, at Acoma … 491
PEACHES, introduction of, into pueblo country … 550
PEARLS on coast of Gulf of California … 350
PECOS, labors of Friar Descalona at … 401
— visited by Spaniards … 391
—, <i>see</i> CICUYE.
PECOS RIVER crossed by Spaniards … 504
PEMMICAN used by plains tribes … 528
PENNYROYAL, native American … 517, 528
PEREZ, ALONSO, companion of Coronado … 597
PEREZ, MELCHOR, mention of slave of … 592
PEREZ DE BOCANEGRA, HERNAND, testimony of … 596
PEREZ DE RIBAS, ANDRES, <i>see</i> RIBAS.
PERU, Alvarado's expedition to … 352
PETATES, or mats, used for houses … 515
PETATLAN <i>or</i> PETLATLAN, Indian settlement in New Galicia … 355
—, description of … 514, 538
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 584
—, description of indians of … 568, 572
—, indian from, captive and interpreter at Cibola … 563
—, friendly indians at river of … 548
—, river of, in Sinaloa … 348
PETRATLAN, <i>see</i> PETATLAN.
PHILIP, King of Spain … 474
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS … 545
PICONES, native American fish … 517
PICURIS, pueblo of … 519
—, name for Acoma among … 492
—, name of Taos among … 575
PIMA, cultivation of cotton by the … 350
—, Friar Marcos among the … 356
PINE NUTS, use of, as food … 517, 518
PIÑON NUTS, use of, as food … 517, 522
PIPES found at Sikyatki … 519
PITAHAYA, native American fruit … 515
PIZARRO, FRANCISCO, purchases Alvarado's expedition … 352
—, struggles of, in Peru … 376
PLAINS, Spanish soldiers lost on … 508
—, descriptions of Indians of … 527, 578, 580
—, <i>see</i> GREAT PLAINS.
PLUMS of great plains … 528
POBARES, F., death of … 499, 500
POISON, native, of Sonora … 537, 541
—, use of, by indians … 500, 502
PORCUPINE found by Coronado at Cibola … 560
POTTERY found at Sikyatki … 519
— of pueblo indians … 522
POWELL, J.W., on indian linguistic stocks … 525
PRAIRIE DOGS seen by Coronado on great plains … 510, 528
PRICKLY PEAR, <i>see</i> TUNA.
PRIESTS of pueblo indians … 518
—, <i>see</i> MEDICINE-MEN.
PROSOPIS JULIFLORA, <i>see</i> MESQUITE.
PROSTITUTION among the Tahus … 513
PRUNES, wild, found by Coronado … 507, 582, 591
PTOLEMY, maps in geography of, cited … 403
PUALA, Espejo's name for Tiguex pueblo … 496
PUEBLO, use of term, by Niza … 358
— method of building … 520
— settlements, description of, by Colorado river indians … 404
— settlements, description of, by Sonora indians … 356
PUERCO RIVER, pueblos on … 491
PURIFICACION, defense of, in Mixton war … 409
QUACHICHULES, <i>see</i> GUACHICHULES.
QUAREZ, AGONIEZ, wounded at Cibola … 557
QUERECHOS, description of … 527, 578
—, description of, by Coronado … 580
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 587
— identified with Tonkawa … 396
—, manner of life of … 504
QUERES, PUEBLOS of the … 525
QUINCE JUICE, use of, as poison antidote … 537, 541
QUIRIX, Spaniards visit province of … 503, 519, 525
—, <i>see</i> QUERES.
QUIVIRA, causes for stories of Turk regarding … 588
—, cartographic history of … 403, 544
—, descriptions of, received by Coronado … 393, 576, 580
—, departure of Coronado for … 503
— visited by Coronado lvii, 508, 396
—, description of … 521, 577
—, description of, by Coronado … 582
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 589
—, mention of … 492
—, death of Friar Padilla at … 401
RABBIT skins, use of, for garments … 517
RAFTS made for Diaz by Colorado river indians … 407
—, use of, in crossing Colorado river … 486
RAIN, worship of, by pueblo indians … 561
RAMIREZ DE VARGAS, LUIS, <i>see</i> VARGAS.
RAMUSIO, G.B., translation of Mendoza's letter by … 349
—, translation of Coronado's letter by … 552
—, quotation from … 554, 556
RED RIVER, identification of, with Zuñi river … 482
—, possible southern limit of Coronado's route across plains … 399
RELIGION of plains indians … 578
— of pueblo indians … 573
— of the Tahus … 513
— of Tiguex indians … 575
RESIDENCIA, definition of … 474
REVOLT of pueblo indians … 392
RIBAS, ANDRES PEREZ DE, on Petlatlan … 515
RIBEROS, EL FACTOR, companion of Coronado … 477
RIO DE LA PLATA misgoverned by Cabeza de Vaca … 348
RIO GRANDE, disappearance of, underground … 511
—, discovery of, by Alvarado … 575, 594
—, ice of, crossed by Spaniards … 503
—, limit of Narvaez' territory … 346
—, pueblos near … 519, 524
— visited by Spanish soldiers … 390
ROSE-BUSHES, wild, found by Coronado … 507, 510, 517
RUDO ENSAYO, quotation from, on poison … 538
RUINS, discovery of, by Alvarado … 594
—, <i>see</i> PUEBLO.
SAABEDRA, FERNANDARIAS DE, appointment of, at Chiametla … 481
SAABEDRA, H.A. DE, mayor of Culiacan … 533, 534
SACATECAS, <i>see</i> ZACATECAS.
SALAZAR, G. DE, royal factor for New Spain … 596, 597
SALDIVAR, JUAN DE, companion of Coronado … 477
—, lieutenant to Diaz … 548
—, carries Diaz' report to Mendoza … 382
—, explorations by … 480
—, adventures of, at Tiguex … 496
—, Indian village captured by … 500
—, escape of indian woman from … 510
SALT among pueblo indians … 550, 559
— found at Zuñi … 389
— found by Spaniards on great plains … 510
—, natural crystals, finding of, in Arizona … 490
SAMANIEGO, LOPE DE, appointment of, as army-master … 477
SAMANIEGO, LOPE DE, death of … 383, 480, 547
—, testimony concerning … 597
SANBENITOS, description of … 507, 515
SANCHEZ, ALONSO, soldier with Coronado … 597, 598
SANCHEZ, PERO, effect of Friar Marcos' report … 366
SANDIA, name for Acoma at … 492
SAN DIEGO, pueblo of … 525
SAN FELIPE, pueblo of … 525
SAN FRANCISCO BAY overlooked by Ferrel … 412
SAN GABRIEL, vessel in Alarcon's fleet … 385
SAN HIERONIMO DE LOS CORAZONES, founding of … 484
—, settlement of, under Diaz … 406
—, description of town of … 515
—, events in, during Diaz' absence … 501
—, destruction of … 530
SAN JUAN, pueblo of … 510
SAN JUAN RIVER named by Coronado … 586
SANJURJO, ALVARO DE, representative of De Soto in Mexico … 380
SAN LUCAS ISLANDS, death of Cabrillo at … 411
SAN PEDRO BAY visited by Ferrel … 412
— RIVER in Arizona … 387
— VALLEY visited by Niza … 359
SANTA ANA, pueblo of … 525
SANTA BARBARA, visit of Ferrel to … 412
SANTA CLARA, visit of Ferrel to … 412
SANTA CRUZ, colony at, under Cortes … 351
— ISLAND, visit of Ferrel to … 412
— RIVER in Arizona … 387
SANTA CRUZ, ALONSO DE, early map of city of Mexico by … 363
SANTIAGO, use of, as war cry … 388, 483, 565
SANTO DOMINGO, pueblo of … 525
SAVAGE, JAMES, on natural products of Nebraska … 528
SCARAMOIO, name for a Spanish grass … 555
SEBASTIAN, native companion of Padilla … 400, 535
—, negro slave of Jaramillo … 592
SEDELMAIR, PADRE, on indian giants … 485
SEÑORA, <i>see</i> SONORA.
SERI, Coronado's account of … 554
—, use of poison by … 538
SERRANO, FRANCISCO, on effect of Marcos' report … 366
SERRANO DE CARDONA, ANTONIO, testimony of … 597
SERVANTES, <i>see</i> CERVANTES.
SEVEN CITIES, stories and legends concerning … 363, 553
—, expedition to, under Guzman … 473
—, <i>see</i> CIBOLA, ZUÑI.
—, <i>see</i> MEDICINE-MEN.
SHAWANO <i>or</i> SHAWNEE, migrations of the … 345
SHEA, J.G., on Cabeza de Vaca's route … 348
—, on possible conjunction of Coronado and De Soto … 371
SHEEP given to friars by Coronado … 592
—, merino, imported by Mendoza … 375
—, mountain, description of, by Castañeda … 487
—, native American … 516
— taken by Spanish soldiers for food … 501, 535, 542
—, <i>see</i> MOUNTAIN GOAT.
SHOSHONI, linguistic affinity of the … 525
SHRINES of Sonora Indians … 515
SIA, pueblo of … 525
— mentioned by Jaramillo … 587
—, <i>see</i> CHIA.
SIBOLA, <i>see</i> CIBOLA.
SIBU´LODĀ´, Isleta name for buffalo … 517
SIGNS, use of, by plains Indians … 504, 527
SIKYATKI, excavations at … 519
SILVER found by Coronado at Cibola … 563
— found by Spaniards at Yuqueyunque … 511
—, reports of, from Quivira … 503, 504, 512
— mines in Culiacan … 514
SILVER, use of, by pueblo indians for glazing … 526
—, use of, in indian trade … 472
— workers, stories of … 473
SIMPSON, JAMES H., on location of Quivira … 397
—, on location of Tiguex … 491
SINALOA, river and settlement of … 515
—, <i>see</i> CINALOA.
SKULLS used by Acaxes to decorate houses … 514
SLAVERY among pueblo indians … 548
— at Pecos … 491
SLAVES, captive indians used as, by Spaniards … 499–510
— in army of Coronado … 402
SMITH, BUCKINGHAM, Cabeza de Vaca's relation translated by … 347, 474
—, copy of Alvarado's report printed by … 594
—, documents printed by … 572, 584
—, quotation from document printed by … 590
SNAKE DANCE, significance of … 561
SNAKE POISON, use of, by indians … 500
SNAKES, absence of, on great plains … 513
—, worship of, among Tahus … 513
SOBAIPURI, Friar Marcos among the … 356
—, knowledge of Cibola among … 358
SODOMY, absence of, at Cibola … 518, 522
— among indians of Petatlan … 515
— among indians at Suya … 516
— among Pacaxes … 514
SOLIS, FRANCISCO DE … 529
SOLIS, ISIDORO DE, mention of, by Jaramillo … 592
SOLIS DE MERAS, GONZALO, mention of, by Jaramillo … 592
SONORA, description of … 515
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 585
—, food supply in … 554
— river and valley … 387
— valley, location of … 355
— valley, Spanish, settlement in … 484
—, settlement of, by Spaniards … 572
— traversed by Friar Marcos … 355
SORCERY among Pacaxes … 514
SOTO, HERNANDO DE, account of meeting with Ortiz … 348
—, soldiers of, hear of Coronado … 510
—, reputed route of … 515
—, discoveries of … 370, 491
—, on great plains … 529
—, right of, to Niza's discoveries … 371
SOTOMAYOR, HERNANDO DE, on effect of Niza's report … 366
SOTOMAYOR, JUAN DE, companion of Coronado … 477
SOTOMAYOR, P. DE, chronicler of Cardenas' expedition … 490
SPINOSA, <i>see</i> ESPINOSA.
SQUASH, <i>see</i> GOURD, MELON.
—, <i>see</i> PRAIRIE DOG.
STARLINGS in pueblo region … 521
STEPHEN, <i>see</i> ESTEVAN.
STEVENS, JOHN, quotation from dictionary of … 547
STEVENSON, MATILDA C., researches by … 359
STRADA, <i>see</i> ESTRADA.
SUAREZ, AGANIEZ, wounded at Cibola … 388
SUAREZ DE FIGUEROA, GOMEZ, <i>see</i> FIGUEROA.
SUAREZ DE PERALTA, JOAN, reminiscences of Coronado's departure … 364
—, on return of Coronado … 402
SUMAC, wild, in Quivira … 591
SUN priests at Tusayan … 518
— worship by plains indians … 578
SURGEON, mention of, in Spanish army … 498
SUYA, San Hieronimo removed to … 502
—, description of … 515
—, massacre of settlers at … 408
—, destruction of … 399, 533, 578
TĀAIYALONE, a stronghold near Zuñi … 390
—, <i>see</i> THUNDER MOUNTAIN.
TAHUS, a tribe in Culiacan … 513
TANO, a pueblo tribe … 523
TAOS, pueblo of … 525
— mentioned by Jaramillo … 587
— called Valladolid by Spaniards … 511
—, name for Acoma at … 492
—, visit of Alvarado to … 575
TARASCA, a district in Michoacan … 473
TAREQUE, indian village on great plains … 577
TARTARS, use of dogs by … 571
TATARRAX, name of Indian chief … 492
TATTOOED indians visit Friar Marcos … 356
TATTOOING among plains indians … 506
—, practice of, among indians … 516
TEGUI branch of Opata Indians … 537
TEJO, stories told by … 472
TEMIÑO, Spanish soldier, death of … 538
TENTS of plains Indians, description of … 504, 578, 581, 583, 588, 591
TEOCOMO, river and settlement of … 515
TEREDO NAVALIS, damage to Alarcon's ships by … 407
TERNAUX-COMPANS, HENRI, translation of Castañeda by … 413
—, translation of Coronado's letter by … 580
—, translation of Jaramillo by … 584
—, mistake in translating … 398
—, mistake of, regarding Ispa … 585
—, quotations of translation of Castañeda by … 472, 481, 489, 494,
496, 499, 501, 502, 503, 505, 506, 507, 508, 510, 511, 513, 514,
515, 517, 518, 521, 523, 524, 526, 527, 529, 531, 532, 533, 538,
539, 542, 545
TE-UAT-HA <i>or</i> TAOS … 511
TEULES, a Mexican term … 524
TEWA pueblos … 525
TEXAS, copper found in, by Cabeza de Vaca … 350
—, intended destination of Narvaez … 346
—, limit of De Soto's government … 370
TEYAS, Cicuye besieged by … 524
— met by Coronado … 507, 527, 578
—, description of, by Coronado … 581
— identified with Comanche … 396
THUNDER MOUNTAIN, mesa near Zuñi … 390
—, ruins at … 517
—, visit of Coronado to … 565
TIBEX, <i>see</i> TIGUEX.
TIBURON ISLAND in gulf of California … 554
TIENIQUE, possible printer's error in Pacheco y Cardenas for Cicuye
… 587
TIGERS found in Cibola by Coronado … 560
TIGUA, name of Acoma among the … 492
TIGUEX, cartographic history of … 403
—, description of … 519, 520, 524
—, description of, by companions of Coronado … 569, 575
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 587
—, discovery of, by Alvarado … 390, 491, 594
—, indians of, refuse to trust Spaniards … 499, 503
—, revolt of indians at … 576
—, siege of, by Spaniards … 497, 500
—, death of Friar Juan at … 401
—, river of, identified with Rio Grande … 390
TIRIPITIO, meeting of Alvarado and Mendoza at … 409
TIZON, RIO DEL, Spanish name for Colorado river … 407
—, reason for name of … 485
—, <i>see</i> COLORADO RIVER.
TLAPA, estate at, given to Coronado … 379
TLAUELE, Mexican word … 524
TOBAR, <i>see</i> TOVAR.
TOMSON, ROBERT, on Mexico in 1556 … 363, 375
—, quotation from … 507
TONALA, settlement of, by Guzman … 473
TONKAWA identified with the Querecho … 396
TOPIA <i>or</i> TOPIRA, in Durango … 353
TOPIRA, expedition of Coronado to … 476
TORRE, DIEGO PEREZ DE LA, appointed to replace Nuño de Guzman … 357
—, administration of … 474
—, mention of son of … 592
TORRES OF PANUCO, wounded at Cibola … 557
TOTONTEAC, cartographic history of … 403
—, Coronado's account of … 560
—, cultivation of cotton at … 550
— identified with Tusayan … 357
—, <i>see</i> HOPI, MOKI, TUSAYAN.
TOVAR, FERNANDO DE, position of … 477
TOVAR, PEDRO DE, appointment of, as ensign … 477
—, accompanies Gallego to Corazones … 395
—, journey of, from Tiguex to Corazones … 577
—, at San Hieronimo … 502
—, flight of, from Suya … 530,533
—, discovery of Tusayan by … 390, 488, 562, 574
—, wounded by Indians … 557
—, use of papers of, by Mota Padilla … 536
TRADE between plains and pueblo indians … 578
— among plains indians … 527
— of Sonora indians with Cibola … 357
— of Spaniards with Colorado river indians … 406
—, indian stories of … 472
TRAIL, method of marking, on great plains … 505, 509, 571
TRANSPORTATION, <i>see</i> DOGS, TRAVOIS.
TRAVOIS, dog saddle used by plains indians … 527
TREACHERY of indians in Mixton war … 408
— of indians toward Spaniards … 498
TREJO, HERNANDO, death of brother of … 500
TRUXILLO, adventure of, with devil … 481
TŬ·ATÁ´, native name of Taos … 575
TUÇAN <i>or</i> TUCANO, <i>see</i> TUSAYAN.
TUNA, native American fruit … 515
—, preserve made from … 487
TUOPÁ, Picuris name for Taos … 575
TURK, name of indian slave who described Quivira … 394
—, communications of, with devil … 503
—, stories of … 491
—, stories of, told by Castañeda … 492
—, Coronado's version of stories of … 580
—, reports of stories told by … 576
—, motive of, in misleading Coronado … 588
—, execution of … 509, 589, 590
TURKEY PLUMES, use of, for garments … 517
TURKEYS in pueblo region … 491, 521
TURQUOIS brought from north by Sonora indians … 357
—, collection of, by Estevan … 474
— of pueblo Indians … 480, 518, 549, 561, 573
—, presents of, made to devil … 513
TUSAYAN, ceremonials at … 544
—, cultivation of cotton at … 550
—, description of … 510, 524
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 586
—, description of, by Zuñi Indian … 488
—, known to Sonora indians … 357
—, visit of Tovar to … 390, 562, 593
—, Tucano identified with … 390
—, <i>see</i> HOPI, MOKI.
TUTAHACO pueblos … 519, 525
—, Coronado's visit to … 492
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 587
—, worship of cross at … 544
TUTAHAIO, Tigua name for Acoma … 492
TUTHEA-UÂY, Tigua name for Acoma … 492
TUXEQUE, indian village on great plains … 577
TUZAN, <i>see</i> TUSAYAN.
UBEDA, F. LUIS DE, <i>see</i> LUIS.
ULLOA, FRANCISCO DE, explores gulf of California … 369
—, limit of explorations of … 404
UPATRICO, settlement of … 515
URABA, indian village mentioned by Jaramillo … 587
—, <i>see</i> BRABA, TAOS, YURABA.
URINE, use of, as mordant … 522
URREA, LOPE DE, companion of Coronado … 477
—, Indians interviewed by … 499
UTE linguistic affinity … 525
VACAPA, identification of … 355
VACAPAN, province crossed by Coronado … 487
VALLADOLID, Spanish name for Braba … 511, 525
VALLE DE LOS VELLACOS, <i>see</i> VALLEY OF KNAVES.
VALLECILLO, settlement of … 515
VALLEY OF KNAVES, rebellious Indians in … 502
VARGAS, LUIS RAMIREZ DE, companion of Coronado … 477
VEGETATION of great plains … 527
— of pueblo country … 586
VERA CRUZ, port of New Spain … 348
VERMEJO, RIO, crossed by Coronado … 586
—, identified with Colorado Chiquito … 482
VERMEJO, HERNANDO, companion of Coronado … 565
—, <i>see</i> VERMIZZO.
VERMIZZO, HERNANDO, companion of Coronado … 556
—, with Coronado at Cibola … 388
VETANCURT, A. DE, on date of Padilla's martyrdom … 401
VIGLIEGA, horse of, killed at Cibola … 557
VILLALOBOS, R.G. DE, voyage of, across Pacific … 412, 526, 539
—, expedition, reports of, to Council for the Indies … 370, 371, 373
VILLAGRA, G., on marriage of pueblo indians … 520
VIRGINS among the Tahus … 514
—, treatment of, among pueblo indians … 522,523
WALNUTS, wild, found by Coronado … 507
WATER, worship of, by pueblo indians … 581
WATERCRESS, native American … 517
WATERMELONS, introduction of, into pueblo county … 550
WEAPONS, indian … 498
—, lack of, in New Spain … 540
— of pueblo indians … 404, 548, 563
WEAVING, <i>see</i> MATS.
WELL dug by besieged indians … 499
WHISKERS, name given to Cicuye indian … 490, 497
— taken prisoner by Alvarado … 493
—, release of … 503
WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE RESERVATION traversed by Niza … 359
— crossed by Coronado … 387
WICHITA, KANSAS, location of Quivira near … 397
WICKER BASKETS among pueblo indians … 562
WILDCAT, native American … 517
—, in pueblo region … 518
WINE, native American, of pitahaya … 516
WINSHIP, G.P., memoir by, on Coronado expedition … 329–613
WINSOR, JUSTIN, acknowledgments to … 330, 413, 599
—, quotation from … 501
WITCHCRAFT among Pacaxes … 514
WOLVES on great plains … 528
WOMEN, functions of, in pueblo ceremonies … 518
—, surrender of, by Indians … 499
WOOD-WORKING by the Menomini … 241
XABE, indian from Quivira, with Coronado … 501, 511
XALISCO, settlement of, by Guzman … 473
—, destination of Alarcon at … 478
XIMENA, pueblo of … 523, 525
—, name of, forgotten by Jaramillo … 587
YAQUI <i>or</i> YAQUIMI, river and settlement of … 515, 553
— river followed by Coronado … 584
— river north of Galicia … 386
YSOPETE, a painted plains indian … 505, 507
— supplants Turk in confidence of Coronado … 509
—, efforts of, to guide Coronado … 588
YUCATAN explored by Alvarado … 352
YUCCA FIBER, use of, for garments … 517
—, preserve made from … 487
YUGEUINGGE pueblo … 525
—, indian form for Yuqueyunque … 510
YUMA INDIANS, Coronado's account of … 554
—, description of … 485
YUQUEYUNQUE, pueblo of … 525
—, visit of Barrionuevo to … 500
—, <i>see</i> YUGEUINGGE.
YURABA, visit of Alvarado to … 575
—, <i>see</i> BRABA, URABA.
ZACATECAS, a Mexican province … 545
—, missionary work in … 401
ZALDYVAR, <i>see</i> SALDIVAR.
ZARAGOZA, JUSTO, editor of Suarez de Peralta … 364
—, on murder of Cortes' wife … 473
ZARATE-SALMERON on native American liquor … 516
ZUÑI, burial customs at … 519
—, ceremonials of … 544
—, fruit preserves made by … 487
—, name of Acoma among indians of … 490
—, salt supply of … 550
—, tame eagles among … 516
— treatment of Mexicans at ceremonies … 361
— RIVER crossed by Coronado … 482
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
This book is excerpted from the Fourteenth Annual Report of the
Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
1892–93, by J. W. Powell, Director; Publication Date 1896.
Original scanned images are available from archive.org, search for
"annualreportofbu19293smit".
Original printed spelling and grammar are retained, with a few
exceptions noted below. The transcriber created the cover image,
and hereby assigns it to the public domain. Illustrations have
been moved from their original locations to nearby places between
paragraphs. The Plates are shown herein in their original printed
order, but notice that Plates LXXXII to LXXXIV are located between
Plates LIV and LV. Footnotes have been renumbered 1–379, and changed
to Endnotes. The original index included references to other material
located on pp i–328 of the Fourteenth Annual Report Part 1. The
entries that reference pages 329–613 (_The Coronado Expedition_)
have been excerpted and inserted herein after the Endnotes. Original
italics _look like this_. Original small caps are all capitals.
There are five accented letters in the printed version that have no
Unicode equivalents. These are coded herein: “[~r]”—latin small r
with tilde above; “[~q]”—latin small q with tilde above; “[=q]”—latin
small q with macron above; “[=r]”—latin small r with macron above;
“[~p]”—latin small p with tilde above. The spanish section is full
of macrons and tildes, and it was sometimes difficult to distinguish
them in the scanned images available to the transcribers; some
mistakes of transcription are likely.
Page 380. Full stop was changed to comma in this phrase “A month
later. September 7, 1538, the representative”.
Page 396. Full stop was removed from the phrase “to select 30 of the
best equipped horsemen. who should go”.
Page 407. Changed _obaining_ to _obtaining_, in “without obaining any
news, he was”.
Page 444. Changed “bio entre aquellag ente” to “bio entre aquella
gente”.
Page 465. In “querido se sepan tambien las que agora dire”, the _que_
assumed herein was not printed clearly.
Page 523 first footnote. In “former name of the pueblo was Aquiu”,
there was a smudge atop the A, might have hidden an accent mark,
perhaps. There was also a big smudge atop the G in “Gilded Man”.
Page 564. The first footnote seems to have no anchor in the printed
text, but probably should be anchored to the chapter title—as shown
in this edition.
Page 570. There was a missing phrase between “the third about” and
“These three are like”. Nine spaces are included herein to indicate
this, as in the printed version.
Page 601, under heading Barcia, Andres Gonzales. The phrase
originally printed “1512 hasta 1722, escrito por Don Gabriel de
Cardenas z Cano.—Madrid, CIↃIↃCCXXIII” includes a scarcely supported
glyph, U+2183 ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED. The combination
CI[U+2183] means “M”=1000. The combination I[U+2183] means “D”=500.
Therefore, the text in this edition has been rendered “MDCCXXIII”.
Page 609. The phrase “November, 1895, and Febuary, 1896” was changed
to “November, 1895, and February, 1896”.
Page 627. Index entry "MATYATA, forioer New Mexican pueblo" was
retained despite the obvious spelling issue. In the entry "MENOOZA,
ANTONIO DE, Cabeza de Vaca entertained by", "MENOOZA" was changed to
"MENDOZA".
Page 628. Two consecutive entries read
"MONTCALM, Menomini at fall of … 16
MONTEJO, —, feats of, in Tabasco … 540"
The first entry pertains to an essay outside the scope of this book,
but has been retained so that the EM DASH in the second entry may be
interpreted properly. The transcriber hopes that the reader of this
book makes better sense of it than the transcriber has. Likewise, the
EM DASH in "MUÑOZ, —, copy of Alvarado's report by … 594" does not
seem to make sense. Again, on page 629, the meaning of the EM DASH
is not clear in "NAVARRETE, —, cited on date".
Page 636. "TUTHEA-NÂY" was changed to "TUTHEA-UÂY" to agree with the
reference in the note on page 492; the last A has been rendered with
a circumflex, but this is not clear in the scanned images.