Orphics, the, cosmogony of, taken from I_Forerunners and rivals of Christianity（#71647）

their exaltation of Dionysos, i. 124, 125 _n._ 2;

take Dying God into their system, i. 126;

take transmigration from Pythagoreans, i. 127;

attribute sacramental grace to Eleusinian mysteries, i. 131;

enjoin mortification of flesh, i. 133 _n._ 1;

“kid in milk” a password among, i. 134;

teach superior worth of next life, i. 136;

identify Adonis and Sabazius with Eubuleus and Zagreus, i. 137;

no association or brotherhood of, i. 139, 140;

invocation to all gods worshipped by, i. 142;

make Dionysos both male and female, i. 145;

their services to religion few, i. 146, 147;

all their peculiar features reproduced by Gnostics, i. 148;

Essenes’ obligations to, i. 150, 156, 157, 168;

egg of, reappears in Book of Enoch, i. 159;

Simon Magus’ successive ages of world due to, i. 186;

analogy of chain of being of Simon Magus with that of, i. 188;

jealousy of Simon’s angels and of Titans of, i. 190 _n._ 2;

escape from transmigration desired both by Simon and by, i. 194 _n._

_See_ Acrostics

Orphism, earliest form of pre-Christian Gnosticism, i. 120;

Eleusinian Mysteries secret before, i. 130 _n._ 1;

destroys idea of nationality of gods, i. 145;

Essene views as to pre-existence of soul taken from, i. 156;

abstinence for religious reasons begins with, ii. 222

Ortho, in Magic Papyri probably Artemis Orthia, i. 100 _n._ 2

Osiris, the First Man (Maspero), i. lxi;

fusion of, with other Egyptian gods, i. 32, 33;

legend of, i. 33, 34, 35;

two-fold origin of Osiris legend, i. 36, 37, 38;

resemblance of Osiris myth to that of Eleusis and Egyptian origin of

latter (Foucart), i. 43, 44;

his animal forms in Egypt, i. 45;

identified with Hades in Alexandrian religion, i. 48;

his Alexandrian name of Serapis, i. 49;

typical statue of, by Bryaxis, _ibid._;

Ptolemies continue to raise temples to Egyptian, i. 52;

his Egyptian title of Neb-er-tcher, i. 55; ii. 154 _n._ 3;

Alexandrian “highest of godheads,” i. 56, 64;

Eleusinian beatitude of dead borrowed from Egyptian worship of

(Foucart), i. 59;

scenes in earthly life of, not kept secret in Egypt, i. 60, 61;

initiate in Alexandrian religion enacts Passion of, i. 62;

Alexandrian Horus, Osiris re-born, i. 63;

“god of the great gods,” etc., i. 64;

identified with Dionysos, i. 64 _n._ 1, 65, 137 _n._ 1, 145;

in Alexandrian religion, water the emblem of, i. 68, 73;

in same, Passion and Resurrection of, openly celebrated, i. 69, 70;

_pudendum_ of, processionally carried in chest, i. 73 _n._ 1, 84;

wine the blood of, i. 87;

asked to grant “cooling water” to dead, i. 88;

magician identifies himself with, i. 92 _n._ 2;

distinguished from Serapis in magic ceremony, i. 103;

the god-man first of those who rose from the dead (Budge), i. 126

_n._ 3;

in Orphic gold plate dead an Osiris (Foucart), i. 133 _n._ 1;

so in religion of Pharaonic Egypt, i. 134 _n._ 3;

the Cosmos the “emanation and displayed image of” (Plutarch), i. 181

_n._ 2;

Simon’s god, like Osiris, his own spouse, son, etc., i. 189 _n._ 5;

ii. 39;

Greeks say death of Osiris should not be wailed for, ii. 16;

post-Christian Gnostics imitate secrecy of mysteries of, ii. 17;

post-Christian Gnostics attend mysteries of, ii. 21, 54;

name of, ineffable in Egypt, ii. 37 _n._ 1;

“the holy horned moon of heaven,” ii. 72 _n._ 3;

epithet of, applied to Jesus in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 154 _n._ 3.

_See_ Aberamenthou

Ostanes, writer on magic identified with god Thoth (Maspero), i. 108

Osterburken, Tauroctony of, with assembly of twelve great gods, ii.

238;

best example of scenes from legend of Mithras found at, ii. 241 _n._

Ouranos, in Cretan legend first link in succession

Ouranos-Kronos-Zeus-Dionysos, i. 46;

compared to Egyptian god Nu (Maspero), i. 73 _n._ 4.

_See_ Uranus

Ovid, quoted, i. 67, 78

Oxyrhynchus Papyri, logion of Jesus quoted from, ii. 80 _n._ 3

Pachomius, inventor of monachism a recluse of Serapis, i. 86

Pacorus, Prince of Parthia, invades and subdues Palestine in 40 B.C.,

i. 161 _n._ 3; ii. 224 _n._ 3

Paganism, erroneous views as to relations of, with Christianity, i.

lvi;

merely veil for true Gnostic, ii. 18;

Gnosticism road from, to Christianity, ii. 21;

suppression of, by Gratian, ii. 358

Palestine, Pharisees small minority of population of, i. lv;

return of undesirables to, after Captivity, i. 149;

disappearance of its independence after Alexander, i. 151;

seizure of, by Ptolemy Soter and Antiochus the Great successively,

_ibid._;

Essenes scattered through villages of, not towns, i. 152;

rapid Hellenization of, under Seleucides, i. 156;

Pacorus’ raid upon, i. 161 _n._ 3; ii. 224 _n._ 3;

Romans’ forced conquest of, i. 163;

Essenes of, survive war of Titus, but not that of Hadrian, i. 170;

Jews outside, cling to Law of Moses, i. 173;

charlatanism common among lower classes of, _temp._ Apostles, i. 202;

hatred of Gentiles shared by Jews outside, ii. 5;

Ophites spread through (Giraud), ii. 76

Pallas, the goddess, classic type of, on Indo-Greek coins, i. 17 _n._

in Orphic legend saves heart of Dionysos, i. 125.

_See_ Athena, Minerva

Pallas, writer on Mysteries of Mithras, quoted by Porphyry, ii. 236

Pamirs, the, included in Persian Empire, i. 1

Pan, the god, identified with Attis, i. 139 _n._ 1

_Panarion_, the, of Epiphanius, ii. 77

Pantaenus, founder of Christian school of Alexandria, ii. 88

Pappas, the god, identified with Attis, i. 139 _n._ 1;

play upon name of, by Naassene author, ii. 57

Paraclete, Manes called the, ii. 316, 332, 351;

means probably legate or ambassador, ii. 316

Paracletos, member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Paradise, the Gates of, in Diagram, ii. 68;

the Middle Space or Paradise of Sophia, ii. 75;

of Adam perhaps 4th of Ophite planetary worlds, ii. 107;

_Books of Jeû_ in _Pistis Sophia_ dictated to Enoch in P. of Adam,

ii. 147 _n._ 5;

P. of Adam set by Valentinus above the third heaven, ii. 179

Parastatae, the Five, of _Pistis Sophia_ probably the five planets, ii.

141, 146;

reappear in Manichaeism, ii. 292 _n._ 2, 297 _n._ 2

Parastates, the last, sets Jeû and other powers in their places, ii.

141 _n._ 4, 164;

scene of Millennium in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 141 _n._ 4, 163 _n._ 2,

164.

_See_ Jeû

Paris or Alexandros, wrath of goddesses with, cause of Trojan war, i.

Parsis, the, modern representatives of Zoroastrianism, i. lxii;

their _kosti_ or sacred girdle perhaps used by Essenes, i. 153 _n._ 1

Parthians, the, perform Greek plays, _temp._ Crassus, i. 8;

struggles of Syrian Empire against, i. 160; ii. 224;

_Book of Enoch_ and raid of, upon Jerusalem, i. 161;

rise of, under Arsaces, ii. 224;

their age-long war against Romans, ii. 225, 226;

leadership of, transferred to Persia, ii. 226;

their eclectic religion, ii. 282;

decline of power of Magi under, ii. 283

Parusia or Second Advent, the, immediate expectation of, among

primitive Christians, i. lviii; ii. 2, 3;

belief in, leads to community of goods, i. 162;

fading of belief in nearness of, ii. 3;

revives in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 163;

declines again in _Texts of Saviour_ and Bruce Papyrus, ii. 198;

all allusions to, excised from N.T. by Marcion, ii. 209

Passion, of Dying God of Mediterranean basin, i. 37;

of Osiris, publicly celebrated in Imperial Rome, i. 69, 70;

of Dionysos, i. 125;

of Jesus, Docetic account of, ii. 17;

Ophite account of, ii. 60;

occurs when Jesus 30 years old (Irenaeus), ii. 61 _n._ 1;

Valentinian account of, ii. 17, 117 _n._ 1;

referred to in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 180;

Marcion’s Docetic view of, ii, 210, 211;

similar view of Manes, ii. 302 _n._ 1, 318, 320

Pastophori, college of priests of Greek Isis established in Corinth,

_temp._ Sulla, i. 74 _n._ 2

Patecion, the brigand, saved by initiation at Eleusis, i. 131

Patecius or Fatak, alleged father of Manes, ii. 279;

one of the Mughtasilah, ii. 305

Pater, Walter, his view of Socrates’ monotheism quoted, i. 10

Patras, Mithraic monument at, ii. 263 _n._ 1

Patricos or Fatherly, member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Paul, Saint, the Apostle, Simon Magus baptized before conversion of, i.

176;

German theory of identity of Simon Magus with, i. 179;

exclusiveness and disdainful spirit of (Duchesne), ii. 5 _n._ 2;

Anatolian religion _temp._ (Ramsay), ii. 29, 30;

in Phrygia treated as Barnabas’ _wakil_, ii. 42;

O.T. history probably unknown to Phrygians in his time, ii. 53 _n._

success of his preaching to Gentiles and its result, ii. 85;

Marcion’s respect for, ii. 209;

Marcion thinks him only real apostle, ii. 211;

Marcion exaggerates controversy between St Peter and, ii. 212.

_See_ Hermes

Paulicians, successors of Manichaeans, ii. 357

Paullina, Fabia Aeonia, initiate of Eleusis, hierophantis of Hecate and

worshipper of Isis, i. 83

Pausanias, his account of the legend of Cybele quoted, ii. 39 _n._ 2,

Pella, flight of Christians to, before siege of Jerusalem, ii. 4 _n._

Christians of, called Ebionites, ii. 5 _n._ 1;

Synoptic Gospels first put into shape at (Renan), ii. 6 _n._ 3

Pelliot, M. Paul, discovers Tun-huang MS., ii. 352

Pelusium. _See_ Nile, Perdiccas

Pentateuch, Samaritan reverence for, i. 177;

Ophite or Naassene writer quotes from, ii. 55.

_See_ Moses, Old Testament

Perabsen, King of Egypt, uses totems of both Horus and Set as his

cognizance, i. 36

Peratae, the, worship Power called Astrampsuchos (Hippolytus), i. 107

_n._ 1;

an Ophite sect, ii. 76;

mix Orphic with astrological teaching, ii. 79;

use names which appear in Manichaeism, ii. 329 _n._ 2;

may mean Medes, _ibid._

Perdiccas, defeated by Ptolemy Soter at Pelusium and afterwards

murdered, i. 30;

Nicocreon of Cyprus helps Ptolemy against, i. 55 _n._ 1

_Perfection, The Gospel of_, used by Ophites and called _Gospel of

Eve_, ii. 80;

quoted, _ibid._

Pergamum. _See_ Persephone

Peroz or Firûz, son of Ardeshîr and patron of Manes, ii. 281

Persephone, scene of trials of, Eleusis and Asia, i. 16;

mother of Zagreus by Zeus, i. 37, 42, 124, 125, 138, 145; ii. 39;

her temple at Eleusis, i. 39;

her Rape or capture by Hades shown in Mysteries, i. 40; ii. 39;

her deliverance by Hermes, i. 41;

her identification with Demeter, i. 46;

and with Dionysos, i. 47, 144;

worshipped with Isis and Hecate by latest Pagans, i. 83;

Baubo confused with, in Magic Papyri, i. 100;

Eres-ki-gal used as name of, _ibid._;

called the “twelfth,” _ibid._;

and unique, i. 124, 142 _n._ 3; ii. 15 _n._ 3;

Dionysos added to Mysteries of, by Orphics, i. 130;

Orphic gold plate addressed to, i. 133;

worship of, with other Chthonians outside Eleusis, i. 135;

in Mysteries of Samothrace, i. 136 _n._ 2;

Adonis made spouse of, i. 137;

Bendis identified with, _ibid._;

allusion to, in Sabazian rites, i. 138;

Orphic hymn to, i. 142, 143;

identified with Aphrodite, Cybele, and Isis, i. 143;

daughter of Zeus and Demeter, i, 144;

her relations with Iacchos, i. 145, 189 _n._ 5;

serpent present in all Asiatic legends of, ii. 49;

a fiend in hell in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 186;

on Mithraic monument, ii. 238;

Hecate perhaps equated with, by Mithraists, ii. 253

Persepolis, one of the four capitals of Persian Empire, i. 3

Persia, religions of, come westward after Alexander, i. lvii;

First Man legend appears in religion of, i. lxi;

obscurity of dates of religion of, i. lxii;

description of, before Alexander, i. 1-4;

rush of Greeks to, i. 7, 8;

emigrants from, settle in Asia Minor, ii. 229;

difficulty about religion of, _temp._ Manes, ii. 289

Persians, the, their good government of subject peoples, i. 3, 12;

priests of, officers of state, i. 24;

Egyptian policy under, i. 51;

astrology comes westward after Asiatic conquests of, i. 113;

religion of, _temp._ Achaemenides, still doubtful, i. 122;

suzerains of Jews, i. 150;

revival of nationality of, under Roman Empire, ii. 224, 225;

wars between Romans and, ii. 225-227;

Roman Court adopts manners and institutions of, ii. 228;

worship of Mithras may have come to Asia before, ii. 231.

_See_ Magi

Peshitto, the, version, used by Ophites and Valentinians, ii. 81 _n._

1, 84;

oldest Syriac translation of Scriptures (Gwilliam), ii. 84 _n._ 2.

_See_ Kenyon

Pessinuntica, name of Cybele used by Apuleius, i. 56

Pessinus, Cybele worshipped by Greek confraternities as goddess of, i.

17;

Black Stone of, transported to Rome, ii. 31

Petelia, Orphic gold plates found at, i. 131, 132

Peter, St, the Apostle, his dealing with Simon Magus, i. 176;

Simon follows and opposes him (_Clementines_), i. 178;

causes death of Simon Magus by prayer, _ibid._;

his controversy with St Paul, i. 179; ii. 212;

denies that Jesus proclaimed himself God (_Clementines_), ii. 82 _n._

in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 157

_Peter, The Gospel of_, its description of Cross in Sepulchre of Jesus,

quoted, ii. 140 _n._ 2

_Peter and Paul_, Apocryphal Acts of, i. 178

Petermann, J. H., edits _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 13, 134

Petersen, says date of Orphic hymns Ist to IIIrd cent., i. 141

Petosiris, name of Roman writer on magic, i. 107

Peucestas, Greek satrap of Persia, adopts native customs, ii. 224

Phalerum, lustration of initiates in harbour of, i. 39

Phanes, the god, born from egg and called Eros and Protogonos, i. 123;

ii. 98 _n._ 1, 210 _n._ 1;

swallowed by Zeus, i. 123, 128;

Father by Night of Uranos and Ge, i. 123, 185;

an androgyne, i. 123, 185;

identified by Orphics with Dionysos, i. 124;

ruler of First Age of World, i. 186;

resemblance of Basilides’ Seed of the World to, ii. 91 _n._ 1;

and of Mithras, ii. 242

Phanodemus, puts scene of Rape of Persephone in Attica, i. 40 _n._ 1

Pharisees, few in number among Jews, i. lv;

one of the three “philosophic” sects of Jews (Josephus), i. 151;

Ecpyrosis taught by (Hippolytus), i. 155 _n._ 2;

aim at universal supremacy for Jews, i. 162

Pherecydes of Syros, probable source of Orphic doctrines and

Pythagoras’ teacher (Maury), i. 124

Phibionitae, the, sect of Gnostics derived from Nicolas the Deacon

(Epiphanius), ii. 27 _n._ 1

Philae, temple of, built by Ptolemies to Egyptian Isis, i. 52

Philastrius or Philaster of Brescia, makes Menander successor of Simon

Magus, i. 199;

copies from Irenaeus and Epiphanius, ii. 10 _n._ 1;

classes Ophites among pre-Christian sects, ii. 25

Philip, St, the Apostle, instance of Greek name borne by Jew, i. 173

_n._ 2;

baptizes Simon Magus, i. 176;

one of the three recorders of the words of Jesus in _Pistis Sophia_,

ii. 157

_Philip, The Gospel of_, quotation from, ii. 79

Philip, King of Macedon, first meets Olympias at Samothrace, i. 22, 136

_n._ 2;

banishes Alexander with Ptolemy and others, i. 30

Philistines, the, think ark of Yahweh affects place where it is, i. 10;

Hebrews subject to, i. 150;

Kings of, suzerains of David, i. 160 _n._ 4

Philo of Alexandria or Philo Judaeus, acquainted with Cicero’s

mythoplasms, i. lvii _n._ 1;

his account of Essenes, i. 154;

sole authority for secret doctrine of same, i. 157, 168;

gives number of same at 4000, i. 170 _n._ 3;

his own beliefs and system, i. 174;

his views on eternal punishment, i. 175 _n._ 1;

makes lower world reflection of higher (Hatch), i. 183 _n._ 3;

borrows less from Greek mythology than Simon Magus, i. 185;

makes stars rulers of earthly things, i. 186, 187;

angels the patterns after which worlds made, i. 187 _n._ 3;

his system contrasted with Simon Magus’, i. 202;

uses allegorical exegesis as propaganda of Hellenistic culture, ii.

Cerinthus said to have been a pupil of, ii. 9 _n._ 1;

some Gnostic leaders make Jesus Logos of, ii. 16;

distinguishes between First Man and protoplast, ii. 38 _n._ 3;

takes Platonic view that God too high to touch matter, ii. 42;

allegorical interpretation of, ii. 82;

forced to harmonize Plato with Jewish traditions, ii. 88;

describes coenobite communities in Egypt, ii. 286 _n._ 4;

quoted, i. 154, 157, 174, 175, 187; ii. 38 _n._ 3, 42 _n._ 3, 286

_n._ 4

Philo of Byblus, makes Phoenician traditions accessible to Greeks, i. 9

Philolaos, the Pythagorean, “soul buried in body as in a

charnel-house,” i. 127 _n._ 1

_Philosophumena_, the, Stähelin’s theory of imposition on author of,

doubted, i. 175 _n._ 5;

what its quotation of _Great Announcement_ proves, i. 179 _n._ 5;

discovery of MS. of, at Mt Athos, ii. 11;

documents quoted in, not earlier than 200 A.D., ii. 12;

corrupt text of Naassene psalm in, ii. 62;

Matter did not and Giraud did know it, when they reconstructed

Diagram, ii. 68

Philumena, prophetess believed in by Apelles the Marcionite, ii. 219

Phoenicia, body of Osiris washed ashore in, i. 34;

Adonis worshipped in, i. 37;

so the earth-goddess, i. 126

Photius, finds heresy in Clement of Alexandria, ii. 14 _n._ 1;

Marcion’s _Antitheses_ seen by, ii. 209 _n._ 3, 223

Phrygia, home of Ophites, i. lx; ii. 28;

birthplace of most legends of Dying God, i. 38;

worship of Orphic Sabazius comes from, i. 137; ii. 28;

“Mysteries of the Mother” in, i. 143;

Simonians scattered through (Theodoret), i. 199;

meeting-place of different creeds, ii. 28;

its government by priest-kings, ii. 29;

worship of androgyne deity in, ii. 30, 67 _n._ 3;

defection from Judaism of Ten Tribes in, ii. 32;

prevalence of Jewish magicians in, _temp._ Apostles, ii. 33;

is Jewish tradition responsible for Phrygian cosmogony?, ii. 34, 35;

mother of gods called Cybele in, ii. 40;

great goddess of, perhaps derived from Ishtar, ii. 45 _n._ 1;

traces of pantheism in, ii. 64;

double axe used by gods of (Ramsay), ii. 67 _n._ 3;

Ophites spread southward from, ii. 74;

Stoic philosophy has a seat in, ii. 83

Phrygians, the, “first-born of men” (Apuleius), i. 56;

why St Paul gives them summary of O.T. history, ii. 53 _n._ 2;

Ophite interpretation of their mysteries, ii. 54;

their belief in deification of man, ii. 56 _n._ 2;

call Dionysos or Sabazius, Pappas, ii. 57

Phryne, belongs to Greek confraternity for foreign worship, i. 22

Piankhi, King of Egypt, abandons Egypt for Ethiopia after conquest, i.

Pindar, knows identification of Dionysos with Apollo, i. 48;

describes blessedness of initiates into Mysteries, i. 59;

supporter of Orphism, i. 122;

his doctrine of transmigration, i. 129;

his poems recited at games, i. 135;

quoted, i. 48, 59, 123 _n._ 1, 129 _n._ 3, 134 _n._ 2

Piraeus, the, confraternities for foreign worships cluster in, i. 21;

early confraternity of Serapiasts in, i. 52;

courtezans principal members of confraternities in, i. 137;

Mithraic monuments at, ii. 230

Pisistratids, the, date of flight of, and reform of Mysteries, i. 43

_n._ 2;

Onomacritos flees with them to Persia, i. 121;

some Orphic elements come into Greece, _temp._, i. 122

Pistis or Faith, member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Pistis Sophia, probable origin of name of, ii. 151 _n._ 5, 160;

found by Jesus alone in place below 13th Aeon, ii. 155;

her history, ii. 155-157;

meaning of allegory of, ii. 162;

receives her adversary’s place, _ibid._;

sometimes called Sophia only, ii. 179;

reappears in _Texts of Saviour_ as “the daughter of Barbelo,” ii.

186;

and in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 192

_Pistis Sophia_ (the book), Jeû the First Man appears in, i. lxi;

written in Greek, translated into Coptic, i. lxii, ii. 177;

as in other apocrypha, Jesus changes his shape according to heavens

he traverses, i. 191 _n._ 4, ii. 60 _n._ 1, 154;

texts, translations, and summaries of, ii. 13;

principal document of, Valentinian, ii. 17, 159-163;

like Babylonians, makes heavens formed from powers of evil, ii. 44

_n._ 3;

Ialdabaoth in, projection of ruler of material world, ii. 46 _n._ 3;

features in common with _Ascensio Isaiae_, ii. 60 _n._ 1;

puts stay of Jesus on earth after Resurrection at 12 years, ii. 61

_n._ 1;

Eucharistic ceremony of, ii. 63 _n._ 1, 192;

powers mentioned in Diagram and in, ii. 72 _nn._ 1, 3, 73 _n._ 2, 74

_n._ 1;

“Receptacles” and Place of Truth in, ii. 103 _n._ 1;

Valentinian document in, does not quote Fourth Gospel, ii. 117 _n._

1, 177;

MS. of, and its provenance, ii. 134, 135;

heavens of Ineffable One and First Mystery not described in, ii. 146;

Melchizidek seldom mentioned in, ii. 148 _n._ 1;

thought by some the _Interrogations of Mary_, ii. 157;

doctrine of interpretation in, ii. 157 _n._ 2;

appears at first sight entirely Ophite, ii. 158;

but more clearly Valentinian, ii. 159, 160, 161;

Authades of, compared to Valentinus’ Demiurge, ii. 162 _n._ 2;

Adamas of, compared to Valentinus’ Diabolos, ii. 163;

nearness of Parusia dominant in part of, _ibid._;

description of Millennium in, ii. 164;

lesser initiates must give passwords and seals, ii. 165, 169;

mystery of the First Mystery is Baptism, ii. 168-170;

mystery of the Ineffable One is the Eucharist, ii. 170-171;

supreme revelation of book union with Jesus, ii. 171;

“Mysteries of Light” not described in _P.S._ proper, ii. 173;

open to all the world, ii. 174;

Egyptian character of book (Maspero), ii. 175-177;

probably by Valentinus, ii. 178;

read by Fathers?, ii. 179;

astrology condemned in, ii. 185;

cryptogram between 1st and 2nd vols of, ii. 188 _n._ 2;

fragment in Bruce Papyrus links _P.S._ with _Texts of Saviour_, ii.

192, 193;

parent work on which all the others based, ii. 194;

Apelles’ teaching as to body of Jesus from same source as, ii. 219;

twelve hours theory of, like that of Tun-huang treatise, ii. 293 _n._

quoted, i. 195 _n._ 1; ii, 54 _n._ 2, 78, 92 _n._ 3, 144 _nn._ 3, 4,

5, 8, 145 _n._ 1, 146 _nn._ 2, 3, 147 _n._ 5, 148 _nn._ 1, 2, 3,

149 _nn._ 1-5, 151 _n._ 3, 152 _nn._ 1, 2, 154 _n._ 1, 155 _nn._

1, 4, 156 _nn._ 1, 4, 161 _nn._ 1, 3, 4, 162 _n._ 3, 163 _n._ 2,

164 _nn._ 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 165 _n._ 1, 167, 168, 169 _n._ 2, 170,

171, 173, 174, 175, 182 _n._ 2, 184 _nn._ 1, 4, 185 _nn._ 1, 2,

188, 193 _n._ 4, 194 _n._ 1, 292 _n._ 2, 293 _n._ 2.

_See_ Petermann, Schwartze

Plato, alone of ancients sees Socrates’ monotheism, i. 11;

says few real initiates in mysteries, i. 65;

chief authority for charlatanism of Orpheotelestae, i. 140;

creator of, not jealous, i. 149 _n._ 1;

his ideas the paradigms of perceptible things, i. 198;

God of, too high to touch matter, ii. 42;

says souls given daemons as guides through life, ii. 110 _n._ 1;

Marcion never alludes to Logos of, ii. 214;

quoted, i. 65, 140, 149 _n._ 1; ii. 110 _n._ 1

Pleroma, the, word Church apparently used by Ophite writer for, ii. 43;

Ophite Christos descends from, to Sophia, ii. 59;

Ophite, consists of Father, Son, Mother, and Christos, ii. 64;

the same in Diagram, ii. 68;

perfect Ophites share in, ii. 76;

Valentinus’, originally consists of twenty-eight members, ii. 104

_n._ 1;

Christos and Holy Spirit added to, after Fall of Sophia (Valentinus),

ii. 105;

Stauros partly within and partly without (_id._), ii. 105 _n._ 2;

Ectroma called Sophia Without (_id._), ii. 106;

Jesus the Joint Fruit of (_id._), ii. 106 _n._ 2, 110, 113, 117, 159

_n._ 3;

four “places” outside (_id._), ii. 108;

Pneumatics to enter into (_id._), ii. 110 _n._ 2;

Christos and Holy Spirit remain within (_id._), ii. 114;

projects another thirty aeons (_id._), ii. 144 _n._ 8

Pliny, solar monotheism of, i. 118;

his account of Essenes, i. 155;

quoted, i. 155 _n._ 1

Plutarch, his monotheism (Dill), i. lvii;

makes Zoroaster 5000 years before Trojan War, i. lxii;

a chief source of our knowledge of Eastern religions, i. 9;

authority for meeting of Philip and Olympias, i. 22;

his contempt for oracles of foreign gods, i. 23;

legend of Osiris and his _de Iside et Osiride_, i. 33-35, 43, 48;

does not conceal identification of Dionysos with Osiris, ii. 65 _n._

says water the emblem of Osiris, i. 68;

gives episode of Isis as swallow, i. 70 _n._ 1;

puts festival of Birth of Horus at spring equinox, i. 71;

identifies Greek Typhon with Egyptian Set, i. 105;

Dionysos of, once human, but deified for merit, i. 144 _n._ 3;

Osiris and Set neither gods nor men but great daemons, ii. 16;

acquainted with Persian religion, ii. 214 _n._ 2;

says worship of Mithras first introduced into Rome by Cilician

pirates, ii. 228, 229;

describes Persians as sacrificing to Hades, ii. 239;

calls Mithras μεσίτης, ii. 249;

equates Hades with Ahriman, ii. 255;

thinks evil must have separate principle of its own, ii. 289 _n._ 3;

quoted, i. 22, 23, 48, 70 _n._ 2, 144 _n._ 3; ii. 16, 214 _n._ 2,

228, 229, 249, 255, 289 _n._ 3.

_See_ Dionysos, Hades, Theopompos of Chios

Pluto, name of Hades, i. 40, 47, 48;

ruler of Hades, called in magic Huesimigadôn, i. 99, 100;

one of the gods of Samothrace, i. 136 _n._ 2;

in Orphic hymn to Persephone, i. 142, 143.

_See_ Hades

Pneuma, name of Valentinian Sophia, ii. 109

Point, the Little or Indivisible, source of everything in universe

_ap._ Simonians, i. 194 _n._ 3;

and _ap._ Basilides, ii. 90 _n._ 5;

referred to in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 292 _n._ 1

Polycleitos, his statue of Dionysos with attributes of Zeus, i. 125

_n._ 2

Pomoerium, Alexandrian gods expelled from, _temp._ Tiberius, i. 78

Pompeii, Isium at, when founded, i. 53

Pompey the Great, suppression of Cilician pirates by, ii. 229

Pontus, birthplace of Marcion, ii. 9, 204;

and of Mithridates, ii. 204;

Tertullian’s rhetorical exaggeration as to, ii. 204 _n._ 3;

its kings claim descent from Persian heroes, ii. 225 _n._ 1

Porphyry, the neo-Platonist, says Egyptian magicians threaten gods, i.

104 _n._ 3;

his account of Essenes copied from Josephus, i. 155;

describes books on Mithras worship, ii. 236;

says Mithraic cave represents universe, ii. 247, 249;

says Mithraists teach metempsychosis, 257;

gives “eagles” as name of Mithraist Fathers, ii. 265 _n._ 2;

says High Priest of Mithras may only marry once, ii. 268;

quoted, i. 104 _n._ 3, 155; ii. 236, 249, 265 _n._ 2, 268

Poseidon, the god, Greek type of, on Indian coins, i. 17 _n._ 2;

of Homer, shares empire with Zeus, i. 46;

cattle and horses sacrificed to, i. 95;

on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238.

_See_ Neptune

Powers, the Three Triple. _See_ Tridynami

Praedestinatus, heresiology of, its sources, ii. 10 _n._ 1;

describes “rabbling” of Ophites by Christian bishops and mob, ii. 77

Praetextatus, Vettius Agorius, his rank in Mithraism, ii. 268;

one of the last Pagan noblemen, ii. 358.

_See_ Paullina

Praxidice, Orphic epithet or variant of Persephone, i. 142

Precept, the First, in _Pistis Sophia_ perhaps personification of

Jewish _Torah_, ii. 141;

highest spirit in Treasure-house, ii. 147;

power passed into Confusion originates in, ii. 164

Preller, says that Orpheus is a “collective” person, i. 121 _n._ 1

Prepon, the heresiarch, a Syrian teaching in Rome, ii. 9;

follower of Marcion who thinks Jesus intermediate between good and

evil, ii. 220

Priests, state officials in Persia and Egypt, i. 24;

of Greek confraternities, i. 25;

greed of Egyptian, i. 28;

always powerful in Africa, i. 31;

their disastrous rule in Egypt, i. 31, 32;

hereditary, of Mysteries, i. 39;

native Egyptian, keep aloof from Alexandrian, i. 51;

of Isis on Herculaneum frescoes, i. 68, 69;

importance of, in Alexandrian religion, i. 76, 77;

secular and regular, in same, i. 79, 80;

break up of Asiatic and Egyptian colleges of, spreads magic, i. 107;

necessity of, among Gnostics, ii. 22;

temporal power of Anatolian, ii. 29;

Cybele’s eunuch, ii. 31;

high priests of Magic Papyri, ii. 34 _n._ 4;

mention of, among Naassenes, ii. 66;

among other Ophites, ii. 77;

Valentinians probably frequent orthodox, ii. 125;

of Marcionites, ii. 205;

of Persians, the Magi, ii. 233, 234;

of Cybele, ally themselves with Mithraists, ii. 258;

of Mithras called “Father,” ii. 261;

qualifications and duties of Mithraic, ii. 267, 268;

like modern churchwardens, ii. 273;

Manichaean, called sons of knowledge, ii. 312;

organization of neo-Manichaean, ii. 330

Proclus, the neo-Platonist, gives Isis’ assertion of eternity and

virginity, i. 63;

identifies Bendis with Persephone, i. 137;

makes all gods contained in Dionysos, i. 146 _n._ 1;

makes man come from tears of gods, ii. 153 _n._ 2, 176;

quoted, i. 63, 137 _n._ 2; ii. 153 _n._ 2

Prohegumeni, the Two Forerunners of the Treasure-house in the _Pistis

Sophia_, ii. 149

Prophthasia, Alexander at, said to receive grapes from Greece, i. 4

_n._ 1.

_See_ Farrah

Proserpine, Isis called Stygian P. by the Sicilians, i. 56;

Lucius at initiation treads threshold of, i. 62.

_See_ Persephone

Prunicos, or the Substitute, name of Sophia among early Ophites, ii.

45, 59.

_See_ Achamoth, Sophia

Psammetichos, King of Egypt, letter of Nephotes to, on lecanomancy, i.

101

Psyche, name of Valentinus’ Demiurge, ii. 109

Ptah, the god, one of oldest gods of Egypt, i. 32;

priesthood of, in early times, i. 33;

Ptolemy Epiphanes called the beloved of, i. 51

Ptah-Seker-Osiris, the god, triune deity of Saitic period, i. 33; ii.

195

Ptolemy I Soter, called Saviour-god, i. 18;

his wisdom in choosing and ruling Egypt, i. 28, 29;

his preparationsfor its defence, i. 29, 30;

decides to found syncretic religion uniting Egyptians and Greeks, i.

30;

his court and capital both Greek, i. 44;

his Museum and its “stuffed capons,” i. 45;

his dream as to Serapis-statue, i. 48, 77;

Egyptians reject his religious schemes, i. 51;

success of his religion outside Egypt, i. 52, 53, 54;

five centuries between him and Apuleius, i. 76;

seizes Jerusalem, i. 151;

colonizes Samaria with “Macedonians,” i. 177

Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Asoka’s mission to, i. 20;

attribution of foundation of Museum to, erroneous (Bouché-Leclercq),

i. 44 _n._ 2

Ptolemy IV Philopator, decline of Egyptian power after, i. 151

Ptolemy V Epiphanes, his coronation at Memphis (Rosetta Stone), i. 51

Ptolemy VI Philometor, petitions to, of Ptolemy son of Glaucias, i. 79

Ptolemy IX Physcon, expels philosophers from Museum, ii. 88

Ptolemy, the son of Glaucias, recluse in Serapeum, i. 79. _See_ Kenyon

Ptolemy, the Valentinian, his theory of the Cosmocrator as the creation

of the Demiurge, ii. 108 _n._ 1;

a leader of the Italic School, ii. 119;

his letter to Flora, ii. 131

Punjab, part of, in Persian Empire, i. 1

Purser, Louis Charles, collects authorities on Orpheus, i. 121 _n._ 1

Puteoli, temple to Serapis at, 100 B.C., i. 53

Pythagoras, pupil of Pherecydes of Syros, i. 124;

says our souls part of world-soul, i. 129;

his theory of transmigration, _ibid._

Pythagoreans, the, all early Orphic poems ascribed to, i. 122;

Orphics take transmigration from, i. 127;

find withdrawal from world necessary to salvation, i. 129;

Jews take Ecpyrosis from (Hippolytus), i. 155 _n._ 2

Quadratus, his lost Apology for Christianity, ii. 202, 203 _n._ 1

Ra, the god, corporation of priests of, earliest in Egypt, i. 31;

the sun-god, i. 31, 63;

Osiris invoked with him in _Book of Dead_, i. 32;

legend of, and Isis, i. 38 _n._ 2; ii. 37 _n._ 1;

increase of power of, with XIIth Dynasty, i. 63 _n._ 1;

the serpent Apep his enemy, ii. 78

Ramsay, Sir William, F.R.S., has revived Alexandrian alchemist’s dream

of transmutation, i. 45

Ramsay, Sir William Mitchell, says name of Christians not mentioned by

classic writers, i. 1 _n._ 1;

all gods of mysteries forms of One, i. 56 _n._ 4;

date of Hadrian’s visit to Egypt, i. 86 _n._ 5;

thinks Anatolian Jews coalesce with natives, ii. 28;

state of Phrygia in Ist cent., ii. 29;

characteristics of Anatolian religion, _temp._ Apostles, ii. 29, 30,

67 _n._ 3;

importance of Mother of Gods due to matriarchate, ii. 40;

many names of divine pair worshipped in Phrygia, ii. 67 _n._ 1;

androgyne nature of same and symbol of double axe, _ibid._;

quoted, i. 1 _n._ 1, 56 _n._ 4, 86 _n._ 5; ii. 28 _n._ 3, 29 _n._ 5,

30 _nn._ 1, 2, 3, 31 _n._ 1, 40 _n._ 3, 67 _n._ 3

Raphael, the archangel, name of, in Magic Papyri and O.T. Apocrypha,

ii. 34;

in Diagram name of terrestrial daemon, ii. 70;

planet Mars connected with, ii. 75 _n._ 1

Rawlinson, Canon George, on government of Persian Empire, i. 2 _n._ 2,

3 _nn._ 2, 3

Rawlinson, Sir Henry, Omen Tablets in _Cuneiform Inscriptions of W.A._,

i. 114 _n._ 1

Rayet, M. Octave, shows identification of Demeter and Persephone from

inscription and vases, i. 46 _n._ 1

Reade, Winwood, his _Martyrdom of Man_ quoted, i. 11 _n._ 3, 149 _n._

ii. 2, 3, 227 _n._ 1

Reformation, the German, sects of, compared to Gnostics, ii. 19;

dissidents near to, strictly Christian, ii. 20;

like makers of, Marcion appeals to Scripture, ii. 207;

Manichaeism may have survived till, ii. 357;

leaves Church stronger than before, ii. 360

Reinach, M. Salomon, Orphic password discussed by, i. 134 _n._ 1

Renaissance, the, Hecate still goddess of sorcerers through Middle Ages

and, i. 147;

sorcerers of, use words of Mass, ii. 267

Renan, Joseph Ernest, warlike characteristics of great goddesses, i.

58;

describes policy of Church of Rome as to Pagan customs, i. 85;

abundance of diviners and sorcerers in Rome of Nero, i. 108;

says Bar Coziba called Monogenes (George the Syncellus), i. 124 _n._

account of War of Extermination (Derenbourg), i. 163 _n._ 1;

revolt of Jews under Trajan, i. 172 _n._ 1;

says Gnosticism attacks infant Church like croup, ii. 21;

his interpretation of Caulacau, ii. 94 _n._ 3;

quoted, i. 83 _n._ 1, 85 _n._ 1, 124 _n._ 3, 163 _n._ 1; ii. 21 _n._

1, 94 _n._ 3

Réville, Albert, his controversy with Gladstone on _Genesis_, i. liii;

quoted, i. 93 _n._ 4

Revillout, Eugène, thinks words in Egyptian spell, adaptation of those

of the Mass, i. 87;

to true Gnostic all religions merely veils, ii. 18;

quoted, i. 87 _n._ 3; ii. 18 _n._ 4

Rhacotis, Egyptian name of site of Alexandria, i. 44

Rhamnusia, a name of Nemesis identified with Isis, i. 56

Rhapsodists, the, their theogony, i. 123;

Orphic poems recited by, at games, i. 135, 136;

Ophites probably get lines of Homer and Pindar from, ii. 83

Rhea, the goddess, the earth-goddess sometimes called Cybele, Demeter

etc., i. 124, 126;

mother of Attis, i. 139 _n._ 1; ii. 54

Rhodes, worship of Alexandrian gods at, i. 52

Rhodo, refutes Tertullian’s slanders against Marcion, ii. 218;

his quotation from Apelles the Marcionite, ii. 219;

other Marcionite leaders mentioned by, ii. 220

Ritschl, his theory that both St John Baptist and Jesus were Essenes,

i. 156 _n._ 1

Rochat, E., on dates of birth and death of Manes, ii. 279 _n._ 1, 282

_n._ 2;

on authenticity of _Acta Archelai_, ii. 280 _n._ 3;

on Manes’ father Fatak or Patecius, ii. 285 _n._ 2;

on authenticity of letter to Marcellus, ii. 288 _n._ 2, 289;

on Mandaites as descendants of Mughtasilah, ii. 305 _n._ 1;

quoted, ii. 279 _nn._ 1, 3, 280 _n._ 2-6, 281 _nn._ 1, 3, 5, 282 _n._

2, 283 _nn._ 1, 6, 285 _nn._ 2, 4, 286 _nn._ 3, 5, 287 _n._ 2,

289, 305 _nn._ 1, 3

Rogers, Dr Robert William, exposes Winckler’s and Jeremias’ astral

theory, i. 115 _n._ 1

Romans, the, take over Greek pantheon _en bloc_, i. 17;

frustrate Antiochus Epiphanes’ attack on Egypt, i. 151;

their toleration for Jewish religion and customs fruitless, i. 163;

punish Palestinian towns for rebellion, _temp._ Vespasian, i. 170;

receive orgiastic worship of Cybele, ii. 30 _n._ 3;

their long struggle with Persians, ii. 225-227;

their severe laws against Manichaeism, ii. 278, 356

Rome, becomes monarchical as she acquires world-power, i. 15;

welcomes Euhemeristic theory, i. 19;

Alexandrian gods obtain a foothold in, i. 53;

their worship becomes an established church in, i. 79;

gathering of charlatans in, _temp._ Nero, i. 108;

Orphic gold plates found at, i. 131;

Simonians numerous in, i. 199;

all heretics attracted to, ii. 203

Roots, the six of Simon Magus, i. 180;

expression used by Empedocles and Athamas the Pythagorean, i. 197

Rosetta Stone, the, marks turning of Ptolemies to ancient Egyptian

gods, i. 51

Roxana, wife of Alexander the Great, i. 5, 12

Rutilianus, accomplice and dupe of Alexander of Abonoteichos, i. 24

Sabaoth, used in Hebrew spell identifying Yahweh with Zeus and Serapis,

i. 106;

name belonging to a secret theology (Origen), ii. 34, 35;

Ophite ruler of planetary sphere (Irenaeus), ii. 47;

the same in Diagram, ii. 69;

address to, ii. 73;

name recurs in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 158

Sabaoth the Good, the Great, soul of Jesus on Incarnation received from

(_Pistis Sophia_), ii. 139, 149;

the emanation of Jeû and acts through messenger (_P.S._), ii. 149;

why so called, ii. 149 _n._ 2;

appears in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 193

Sabaoth the Good, the Little, messenger or substitute of Great Sabaoth,

ii. 149;

his action at Incarnation, ii. 149 _n._ 2;

identified with Gate of Life, _ibid._;

appears in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 149 _n._ 2, 187;

gives cup of perception to righteous soul in same, ii. 187, 309 _n._

Sabaoth Adamas, in _Pistis Sophia_ a wicked power, ii. 149 _n._ 2;

in _Texts of Saviour_ ruler of Wicked Aeons, ii. 182;

in same bound with his subjects to Sphere, ii. 182;

his “receiver” Jaluha gives cup of oblivion to soul, ii. 187

Sabazius, the god, comes into Greece before Alexander, i. 17, 137;

a Phrygian god called “Lord of all” and son of Cybele, i. 137;

rites of, described by Demosthenes, i. 138;

identified with Attis and Adonis, i. 139 _n._ 1;

for Orphics, a form of Dionysos, i. 145;

Phrygia seat of worship of, ii. 28;

called Pappas, ii. 57;

male aspect of androgyne deity of Anatolia (Ramsay), ii. 67 _n._ 3

Saboï, cry of initiates in Sabazian mysteries, i. 138

Sabos, in Orphic hymn possibly name of Iacchos, i. 138 _n._ 2

Saclas or Asaqlun, son of King of Darkness among Peratae and

Manichaeans, ii. 329

Sadducees, dominant party among Jews, i. lv, 162;

a “philosophic” sect (Josephus), i. 151;

their sympathy with Hellenism, i. 162

_Salathiel, The Apocalypse of_, part of Fourth Esdras called, i. 167

Salmon, Dr George, his theory of forgery of Gnostic documents, i. lxi

_n._ 1; ii. 11 _n._ 2;

on authorship of _Clementines_, i. 178 _n._ 1;

on discovery of _Philosophumena_, ii. 11 _n._ 2;

thinks return of worlds to Deity rather than salvation of mankind aim

of Gnosticism, ii. 42 _n._ 2;

his interpretation of name of Ialdabaoth, ii. 46 _n._ 3;

and of Caulacau, ii. 94 _n._ 3;

Marcion’s life described by, ii. 204;

on early establishment of Marcion’s heresy, ii. 207;

quoted, i. 178 _n._ 1; ii. 11 _n._ 2, 41 _n._ 1, 42 _n._ 2, 94 _n._

3, 204 _n._ 2, 205 _n._ 3, 206 _nn._ 3, 5, 207 _nn._ 3, 4, 222

_n._ 1

Salome, speech of Jesus to, in _Gospel of Egyptians_, i. 196 _n._ 2;

questions of, in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 157

Samarcand, modern name of Maracanda, a foundation of Alexander’s, i. 5

_n._ 3

Samaria, Simon Magus’ deeds in, i. 176, 178, 191 _n._ 3;

re-colonized by Alexander and Ptolemy Soter, i. 177;

destroyed by John Hyrcanus, and rebuilt by Gabinius and Herod the

Great, _ibid._;

its mixed population of Semites and Persians, i. 197

Samaritans, the, hatred between Jews and, i. 177;

religion of, _temp._ Christ, _ibid._;

reverence of, for Pentateuch, i. 184 _n._ 2;

Simon said to appear to, as the Father, i. 192;

appeal of Simon’s doctrines to, i. 202

Sammael, a name of Ophite Ophiomorphus, ii. 52;

identified with Satan in _Ascension of Isaiah_, ii. 69 _n._ 2, 75

_n._ 1

Samothrace, seat of Cabiric Mysteries, i. 61, 136 _n._ 2;

the god of, called Adam, i. 137 _n._ 1, 139 _n._ 1; ii. 54 _n._ 6

Sandracottus. _See_ Chandragupta

Sapor or Shâpûr I, the Shah, exiles Manes from Persia, ii. 281

Sarapis or (_Lat._) Serapis, the god, his recluses or monks, i. 20, 80,

86;

charlatans round altars of (Plutarch), i. 23;

purification of religion of, i. 24;

typical statue of, i. 49;

_Modius_ distinctive attribute of, i. 50;

Ptolemy compels Egyptians to take him into their temples (Macrobius),

i. 52;

early temple to, at Puteoli, i. 53;

“Sarapis alone is Zeus,” i. 55;

all Greek and foreign gods included in, i. 56;

merciful and compassionate to man, i. 58;

friend of man in next world, i. 59, 60;

initiation into “nocturnal orgies” of (Apuleius), i. 64;

special hymn and air addressed to, i. 68, 72;

identified with Osiris (Minucius Felix), i. 70;

April festival of, i. 71;

Oracle of, at Alexandria, i. 77;

identified with Asklepios, i. 78, 87;

statue of, in Alexander Severus’ _lararium_, i. 82;

statue and temple of, at Alexandria destroyed by Christians, i. 84;

ritual of, adapted to Christian use, i. 85;

joint worship of, and Christ (Hadrian), i. 86;

trinity of, Sarapis, Isis, and Horus, i. 88;

the “Great God” (Mag. Pap.), i. 101, 104, 125 _n._ 3;

representation of, on scarab used in Jewish spell, i. 106, 107;

identified with Sun, i. 118;

books buried in tombs of worshippers of (Ael. Aristides), i. 132 _n._

Simon Magus may have borrowed from religion of, i. 198;

Phrygian deities identified with, ii. 31;

appears as Zeus on Mithraic monument, ii. 238 _n._ 2;

splendour of worship of, contrasted with that of Mithras, ii. 269

Sargon, King of Akkad, astrological tablets going back to reign of, i.

113, 114

Sarmizegetusa, Mithraic monument at, ii. 264

Sarrebourg, Mithraic monument at, ii. 264

Satan, cosmocrator or world-ruler to Essene initiates (Kohler), i. 153

_n._ 4;

Marcion called the first-born of, ii. 10;

maker of the body in Gnosticism, ii. 54 _n._ 2;

enemy of world-creating angels and god of Jews (Saturninus), ii. 89;

cosmocrator in system of Valentinus, ii. 108;

active agent of matter in that of Marcion, ii. 210;

composite form of, in that of Manes, ii. 291;

antagonist of Manichaean First Man, ii. 293;

imprisonment of Manichaean, after Ecpyrosis, ii. 297;

called Hummâma by later Manichaeans, _ibid._;

and Great Archon, ii. 298;

and Sindîd, ii. 304.

_See_ Sammael

Saturn, the planet, presides over category of terrestrial things, i.

116;

soul of dead reincarnated when S. in certain position (_Texts of

Saviour_), i. 118 _n._ 1;

one of seven heavens in Ophite system, ii. 48;

connection in Diagram between S. and demon Michael, ii. 75;

set over 360 rulers of wicked powers (_Texts of Saviour_), ii. 182;

in Mithraism soul descends through sphere of, ii. 256;

lead associated with, ii. 257 _n._ 4;

in same, lowest initiate’s soul will return to sphere of, ii. 265

Saturninus or Saturnilus, the heresiarch, a native of Antioch, ii. 9;

his Docetism, ii. 17;

confusion as to name of, ii. 20 _n._ 1;

a follower of Simon Magus and predecessor of Basilides and the

Nicolaitans (Epiphanius), ii. 25 _n._ 5;

makes god of Jews one of the seven world-creating angels (Irenaeus),

ii. 47 _n._ 3;

denounces marriage and procreation as work of Satan, ii. 89;

Valentinus later than (Epiphanius), ii. 93 _n._ 3

Saulasau, mystic name of secondary world used by Ophites, ii. 94 _n._ 3

_Saviour, The Texts of the_, time of reincarnation dependent on

planetary motions, i. 118 _n._ 1; ii. 185 _n._ 2;

affinity of male and female soul explained, i. 195;

sexes united at the length, i. 196 _n._ 2;

rebellion of half the Twelve Aeons in, ii. 48 _n._ 4, 152 _n._ 1;

body of man made by evil daemons, ii. 54 _n._ 2;

place of punishment of wicked souls above the earth, ii. 69, 182 _n._

planet Jupiter ruler of the Five Planets, ii. 73 _n._ 1;

the angel Zarazaz called by name of demon Maskelli, ii. 75 _n._ 1,

148 _n._ 3;

the Serpent of Outer Darkness the Outer Ocean, ii. 78, 155 _n._ 4,

166 _n._ 2;

repeats Basilides “one in 1000 and 2 in 10,000,” ii. 92 _n._ 3, 172;

many members of the Ineffable One, but one body, ii. 145 _n._ 2;

Jeû the First Man overseer of the Light and Legate of First Precept,

ii. 147 _n._ 5;

the Books of Jeû written by Enoch in Paradise, _ibid._;

Melchizidek Great Receiver of the Light, ii. 148 _n._ 2, 154 _n._ 1;

Great Sabaoth the Good and Gate of Life, ii. 149 _n._ 2;

Great Iao the Good, leader of Middle, ii. 149 _n._ 3;

Virgin of Light has seven virgins for assistants, ii. 150;

Barbelo called βδελλη in, ii. 151 _n._ 4;

the Kingdom of Adamas opposite the place of the Virgin of Light, ii.

152 _n._ 1;

Ialdabaoth in, one of the torturers in hell, ii. 155 _n._ 3;

says Baptisms and Chrism lead soul into Place of Light, ii. 167 _n._

renunciation of the world leads to Mysteries of the Light, ii. 167

_n._ 2;

thaumaturgic Eucharist of, ii. 172 _n._ 3, 192;

sacraments called Mysteries of Light, etc., ii. 173 _n._ 1;

the MS. of, described, ii. 180;

cannot be Valentinian, ii. 180 _n._ 3;

gives prayer of Jesus in unknown tongue, _ibid._;

puts souls of Patriarchs in Place of Jabraoth, ii. 182 _n._ 2;

extracts from other documents probably mixed with, ii. 182 _n._ 3,

183 _n._ 2;

threefold division of soul into Power, Moira and Counterfeit of the

Spirit, ii. 184;

no division of mankind into pneumatic, psychics and hylics in,

_ibid._;

magic recommended for conversion of heathen, ii. 185;

Pistis Sophia mentioned in, as daughter of Barbelo, ii. 186;

Orphics’ cups of oblivion and memory reappear in, _ibid._;

unknown words of prayer of Jesus in, like those of Marcus’ baptismal

formula, ii. 189;

sacraments of Bruce Papyrus resemble those of, ii. 193;

degradation of belief in, ii. 194;

returns to native Egyptian ideas, ii. 195-198;

fear of hell sanction of belief in, ii. 198;

quoted, i. 118 _n._ 1, 195 _n._ 1, 196 _n._ 2; ii. 54 _n._ 2, 75 _n._

1, 78 _nn._ 4, 5, 92 _n._ 3, 145 _n._ 2, 147 _n._ 5, 148 _nn._ 1,

3, 149 _n._ 2, 150 _nn._ 2, 3, 5, 152 _n._ 1, 154 _n._ 1, 155

_nn._ 3, 4, 166 _n._ 2, 167 _nn._ 1, 2, 172 _nn._ 3, 4, 173 _n._

1, 180 _nn._ 1-4, 182 _nn._ 1-3, 183 _nn._ 1-3, 184 _n._ 4, 185

_nn._ 1, 2, 186, 187, 198, 199

Saviours, the Twelve, furnish spotless souls for the Twelve Apostles

(_Pistis Sophia_), ii. 136, 147

Saviours, the Twin, “the boy of a boy” (_Pistis Sophia_), ii. 142, 171;

reappear in _Texts of Saviour_ and Bruce Papyrus, ii. 193;

functions of, never alluded to, ii. 355 _n._ 2

Sayce, Prof. A. H., his translation of omen or astrological tablets

from Nineveh, i. 114

Sches-Hor, the, royal tribe of earliest invaders of Egypt, i. 36

Schmidt, Dr Carl, his text and translation of _Pistis Sophia_ and Bruce

Papyrus, ii. 13 _n._ 2, 190

Schmiedel, Dr P. W., revives Tübingen theory that Simon Magus is St

Paul, i. 179 _n._ 3;

his mistake about Menander, i. 199 _n._ 7;

on community of goods, ii. 2 _n._ 3

Schwartze, Maurice G., transcriber and translator of _Pistis Sophia_,

ii. 18, 134

Scythia, in story of Manes probably means Turkestan, ii. 285;

Addas disciple of Manes missionary to, ii. 352

Scythianus, father of Manes in Christian tradition, ii. 285;

identified with Patecius or Fatak (Kessler), ii. 285 _n._ 2;

may represent non-Aryan Medes, ii. 286

Sebaste, name of Samaria when rebuilt by Herod, i. 177

Secrecy, of Mysteries of Eleusis very strict, i. 41;

as to burial of Dionysos at Delphi, i. 47;

as to names of God and Goddess of Eleusis (Foucart), i. 47 _n._ 1;

of initiation into Mysteries of Isis, i. 62;

of Alexandrian doctrine that Osiris god of dead, i. 64 _n._ 3;

observed as to contents of chest carried in procession of Isis, i.

73;

reason for, as to Mysteries of Eleusis, their foreign origin

(Foucart), i. 130 _n._ 1;

or jealousy, i. 139 _n._ 2;

of tenets of Hellenizing Jews, i. 175 _n._ 2;

as to Dying God not observed by Cretans, ii. 16:

of Gnostics as to their opinions, ii. 18;

of Basilides’ followers, ii. 92, 189;

of Manichaeans, ii. 356

Secunderabad, preserves name of Alexander, i. 5

Secundus, the Valentinian, a leader of the Italic School, ii. 119;

imagines “a right and left tetrad, _i.e._ light and darkness”

(Hippolytus), ii. 147 _n._ 4

Seistan, part of Persian Empire, i. 1;

Alexander when in, said to receive grapes from Greece, i. 4 _n._ 1

Seker or Socharis, the god, a very ancient deity in Egypt, i. 32;

dreary life in next world of his worshippers, ii. 195

Seleucus I Nicator, grants privileges of citizenship to Jews in all

cities of his Empire, ii. 28;

affection of Persians for, ii. 224

Seleucus II Callinicus, defeated by Parthians under Arsaces, ii. 224

Semele, mother of Dionysos on his second or third incarnation, i. 40

_n._ 4, 42, 145;

in Alexandrian religion Dionysos called the fruit of the vine S.., i.

64 _n._ 3;

Dionysos son of S., Zagreus re-born, i. 125

Seneca, last speech of, ii. 87

_Sepher Jetzirah_ and _Sepher Zohar_, books of VIth or VIIth century

A.D., ii. 35.

_See_ Cabala

Septuagint, the, familiarizes Jews with Old Testament, i. 157;

belongs to Western Diaspora, ii. 53 _n._ 2.

_See_ Peshitto

Serapeum, the, Egyptian, at Memphis separated from Greek, i. 51;

Athenian, facing the Acropolis, i. 52;

oracle of Serapis at Alexandrian, i. 55;

represented on Herculaneum fresco (von Bissing), i. 68 _n._ 1;

Bryaxis’ statue in, i. 78 _n._ 2;

recluse in S. of Memphis, i. 79, 80;

destruction of Alexandrian, i. 83-85

Serapis. _See_ Sarapis

Serpent, Dionysos begotten by Zeus in form of, i. 42;

live, used in Sabazian rites, i. 138;

in Orphic poems represents earth, i. 145 _n._ 2;

Ophites = worshippers of, ii. 26 _n._ 4;

“Bull father of serpent,” etc., ii. 39;

external Ocean figured as, ii. 49;

in Asia Minor emblem of goddess’ husband, ii. 49. _n._ 3;

emblem of Dionysos and soul of world, ii. 50, 55;

called “Michael and Sammael” (Ophites), ii. 52;

taught to coil round Eucharistic bread (Ophites), ii. 61;

called Leviathan in Diagram, ii. 70, 77;

Christian mob kill Ophite, ii. 77;

drops out of Ophite teaching, ii. 78;

enemy of sun-god in Egypt, _ibid._;

“serpent and dove,” ii. 135 _n._ 3;

death figured as seven-headed, ii. 156 _n._ 3;

Outer Darkness s. with tail in mouth, ii. 183;

part of, in Mithraic Tauroctony, ii. 245;

represents earth on Mithraic monuments, ii. 247, 250;

“the World-ruler, the Great S.” in Magic Papyrus, ii. 256.

_See_ Tarentum

Set, the god, murderer of Osiris, i. 33;

defeated by Horus, i. 34;

his wife Nephthys comes over to Osiris, i. 35;

Perabsen returns to worship of, i. 36;

aided in war by Ethiopians, i. 37;

the “Osiris whom S. murdered” in Magic Papyrus, i. 92 _n._ 2;

Typhon Greek equivalent of (Plutarch), i. 105;

magician threatens to tear S. limb from limb, i. 125 _n._ 3;

like Osiris, a great power or daemon (Plutarch), ii. 16;

sect of Sethiani possibly named after him, ii. 74 _n._ 4

Seth, Ophites accept Genesis’ account of, ii. 52;

of Sethiani may be Sitheus of Bruce Papyrus, ii. 76 _n._ 4;

Manichaean or Mandaite story of, ii. 304

_Seth, The Paraphrase of_, Apocrypha used by Sethiani, i. 175; ii. 53

_n._ 3;

and by Ophites, ii. 79

Sethiani, the, sect derived from Orphics (Hippolytus), i. 175;

Simonians and they, only Gnostic sects not admitting Jesus’ divinity,

ii. 15 _n._ 1;

their connection with Ophites, ii. 27, 76;

Ialdabaoth appears in system of (Theodoret), ii. 46 _n._ 3;

a Jewish but apparently non-Christian sect, ii. 53, 76.

_See_ Linus

Severus, Caius Julius, Hadrian’s general, lays waste Palestine, i. 170

Severus, the Emperor Septimius, imitation of Alexander _temp._, i. 14

_n._ 1

Shamash, the god, sun-god of Chaldaeans identified with Mithras, ii.

241

Shâpûr. _See_ Sapor

_Shapurakan_, the, of Manes quoted, ii. 307

Shem, identified by Moses of Chorene with Zervan, i. lx

Sheol, dreariness of Jewish, i. 58, 150;

Gentiles to be swallowed up by (Enoch), i. 161

Sheshonq or Shishak, King of Egypt, suzerain of Solomon, i. 31

Shilluks, the, Nilotic tribe who worship secondary god, but not Supreme

Being, ii. 39 _n._ 5

Shimnu, Buddhist Devil appearing in _Khuastuanift_, ii. 335 _n._ 1

Shishak. _See_ Sheshonq

Sibyl, the, announces decline of worship of Serapis and Isis, i. 86;

Jewish forgeries in name of, i. 173

Sicarii or Zealots, escape before Fall of Temple to Africa and commit

outrages, ii. 5 _n._ 3

Sicilians, the, call Isis “Stygian Proserpine,” i. 56

Sicily, scene of Rape of Proserpine (scholiast on Hesiod), i. 40;

Isis-worship brought into, by Hiero II, i. 53;

Orphic gold plates found in, i. 131;

Demeter and Persephone tutelary deities of, i. 135

Sidon, Mithraic monuments at, ii. 261 _nn._ 1, 4

Sige or Silence, female consort of Bythos in Valentinian system, ii.

96, 98;

called also Charis or Grace, ii. 96 _n._ 5

Simon of Cyrene, crucified instead of Jesus (Basilides), ii. 17

Simon Magus, accused of magic by Hippolytus, i. 110;

thinks souls attracted into bodies by sexual desire, i. 153 _n._ 3;

founder of pre-Christian sect, i. 176;

traditional account of Simon’s life and death, i. 178;

German theory that S. was St Paul, i. 179;

his _Great Announcement_, i. 179, 180;

his borrowings from Zoroastrianism, i. 181; ii. 232, 291;

his succession of similar worlds, i. 183;

his aeons, androgyne, i. 184; ii. 38 _n._ 4;

his system compound of Greek and Hebrew traditions, i. 184, 185;

his aeons places as well as persons and periods, i. 187;

his account of creation of man, i. 188, 189;

teaches transmigration of souls, i. 190;

Simon’s “redemption” of Helena of Tyre, i. 191;

discrepant accounts of his death, i. 192;

his theory as to division of sexes, i. 193-196; ii. 355;

sources of his doctrine, i. 197, 198;

history of sect, i. 198, 199;

his heresy source of all subsequent Gnosticism, i. 200-202;

allegorical interpretation of Scripture by, i. 201 _n._ 1; ii. 82,

213;

said to be follower of St John Baptist, ii. 6 _n._ 4;

does not admit divinity of Jesus, ii. 15;

his Docetic teaching, ii. 16;

Saturninus’ heresy derived from, ii. 25 _n._ 5;

system of, owes much to his personality, ii. 26;

borrowings of later heresies from, ii. 41 _n._ 1, 49;

analogy of Ophite cosmogony with that of, ii. 43;

gives independent origin to matter, ii. 44;

calls Helena Sophia, ii. 45 _n._ 1;

connection between story of, and _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 60 _n._ 1;

triple division of nature common to system of, and that of Ophites,

ii. 63, 64;

his “flaming sword” and double axe, ii. 67 _n._ 3;

did his doctrines reach Alexandria?, ii. 89;

Basilides a link between him and Valentinus, ii. 93;

Valentinian name of Ennoia possibly taken from system of, ii. 97;

aeonology of Valentinus resembles that of, ii. 99, 100;

Marcion a disciple of (Irenaeus), ii. 207;

story of Helena reproduced in Christian account of Manes’

predecessor, ii. 285 _n._ 3.

_See_ Apophasis, Epiphanius, Eusebius, Hippolytus, Irenaeus

Simonians, the, enter Church in secret after Constantine (Eusebius), i.

200 _n._ 3; ii. 18 _n._ 3;

why the first Christians neglected, ii. 2;

headship of sect of, ii. 6

Sinai, Mt., law proclaimed on, i. liii; ii. 211;

Messiah of Jews to appear on (Enoch), i. 160

Sinope, Bryaxis’ statue of Serapis comes from, i. 48;

birthplace of Mithridates the Great and of Marcion, ii. 204

Sissek, in Croatia, Mithraic monuments found at, ii. 237

Sistrum, still used in Abyssinian Church, i. 86 _n._ 4

Sitheus, power or aeon mentioned in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 76 _n._ 4

Siut or Assiut, Apuat originally god of (Maspero), i. 33 _n._ 1

Skin, coats of, metaphor for material body (Philo), ii. 52 _n._ 2;

(Valentinus), ii. 111 _n._ 1;

(_Pistis Sophia_), ii. 136 _n._ 1

Smerdis, the false. _See_ Gaumata

Smyrna, inscription identifying Demeter and Persephone found at, i. 46

_n._ 1;

statue of female Dionysos from, i. 47 _n._ 4;

Serapeum at, i. 52

Socinians, alone of XVIth cent. reformers deny divinity of Jesus, ii.

Socinus, founder of sect of Socinians, ii. 19, 20

Socrates, the philosopher, his monotheism (Pater), i. 10;

conceals his doctrines from everybody but Plato, i. 11;

convicted of bringing new gods into Athens, i. 15;

image of, in _lararium_ of Alexander Severus, i. 82

Solomon, King of Israel, believes in other gods than Yahweh, i. 11 _n._

vassal to Sheshonq, King of Egypt, i. 31, 160 _n._ 4

_Solomon, The Odes of_, quoted by Lactantius and the _Pistis Sophia_,

ii. 157 _n._ 2

_Solomon, The Psalms of_, Greek text and translation of, by Viteau and

Martin noticed, i. 164 _n._ 1

Sonhoods of Basilides, ii. 91;

correspondence of, with Ophite system, ii. 93

Sophia, the Ophite called Prunicos, ii. 45;

mother of Ialdabaoth, ii. 46;

advises creation of man, ii. 51;

brings about Fall of Man, ii. 52;

arranges births of John Baptist and Jesus, ii. 53;

lays aside her material body (Irenaeus), ii. 57;

chief agent in redemption of the light, ii. 58;

Christos sent to her assistance, ii. 59;

descends with Christos into Jesus, ii. 60, 79;

leaves Jesus at Crucifixion, ii. 60;

her Fall referred to in Naassene Psalm, ii. 62;

her world above hebdomad of planets, ii. 64;

her place in Diagram, ii. 68, 69, 75;

connected with Barbelo, ii. 74 _n._ 1;

her “middle space,” ii. 75;

becomes serpent (Irenaeus), ii. 78, 82 _n._ 1;

Justinus finds type of, in Herodotus, ii. 81, 82;

the Holy Spirit of Basilides, ii. 94;

replaced in _Pistis Sophia_ by Virgin of Light, ii. 158;

absent from Marcion’s system, ii. 214.

_See_ Achamoth, Mother of Life, Prunicos

Sophias, the Valentinian, (1) Sophia, the youngest of the Aeons and

last of Dodecad, ii. 101;

her Fall, ii. 104;

she gives birth to Ectroma, _ibid._;

Christ and the Holy Spirit draw her within Pleroma, ii. 105;

(2) Sophia Without, the Ectroma or abortion of foregoing, ii. 104,

114;

her identification with the Earth, ii. 104 _n._ 4;

form given to her by Christos and the Holy Spirit, ii. 106;

Jesus sent as spouse to, _ibid._;

matter, the soul, the spirit, and the substance of demons made from

her passions, ii. 107;

her heaven called the Ogdoad, ii. 108;

called the Mother of All Living, ii. 110. _n._ 1;

her heaven the heavenly Jerusalem, ii. 110;

sends angels into chosen souls, ii. 110, 112;

pneumatic souls belong to, ii. 112;

Demiurge learns from, ii. 114;

psychic souls receive instruction in heaven of, ii. 115;

descended into Virgin Mary, _ibid._;

at Crucifixion soul of Jesus returns to, ii. 116;

identified with Achamoth, ii. 117 _n._ 2;

story of, omitted from _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 161;

mentioned in Gâthâs, ii. 300 _n._ 2;

called Mother of Life in Manichaeism, _ibid._

_See_ Victorinus

Sophocles, Orphic legends known to, i. 123

Soul, the, Serapis called the Saviour of, i. 60;

pre-ordained destiny of, comes in with astrology, i. 119;

soul buried in body as in charnel-house, i. 127;

transmigration and final fusion with Dionysos of, i. 129, 148;

Essene belief in pre-existence of, derived from Orphics, i. 156;

an angel or daemon imprisoned in body (Philo), i. 174;

division of, into male and female which seek each other (Simon

Magus), i. 195, 196;

of Jesus returns to the different worlds whence drawn (Basilides),

ii. 17;

of the world, the god of the Greek mysteries, ii. 50, 51;

three-fold division of man’s (Ophites), ii. 53;

man’s soul, part of soul of world, ii. 55;

Christos unknown to Ialdabaoth receives souls of initiates, ii. 60;

the righteous soul must change from choïc to psychic and from psychic

to pneumatic, ii. 65;

defences of, in passage through planetary spheres, ii. 71-74;

Demiurge sends souls of men into bodies (Valentinus), ii. 109, 112

_n._ 3;

men’s souls one of three classes, ii. 112;

souls of psychics receive further instruction in Heaven of Sophia,

ii. 115;

Apostles receive souls from Twelve Saviours instead of from Archons

(_Pistis Sophia_), ii. 136;

St John Baptist born with soul of Elijah, ii. 137, 149, 150;

soul of Jesus taken from Great Sabaoth the Good, ii. 139, 149;

souls of men during Millennium and after death, ii. 164, 165;

effect of mystery of First Mystery upon soul of dying, ii. 167;

effect of mystery of Ineffable upon man’s soul after death, ii. 170,

171;

punishment of sinning souls (_Texts of Saviour_), ii. 182, 183, 186,

199;

the Counterfeit of the Spirit duplicate of soul proper, ii. 184;

cup of oblivion given to soul after punishment, ii. 187;

fate of the soul in Pharaonic Egypt, ii. 196, 197;

passage of soul to sun in Mithraism, ii. 264, 265;

all lights fragments of soul of world (Manichaeans), ii. 295 _n._ 2;

soul of man according to Manes, ii. 307;

fate at death of soul of Perfect Manichaean, ii. 309;

of soul of Zoroastrian in Avesta, ii. 310, 311;

fate at death of souls of Manichaean Hearer and of sinner, ii. 311,

312

Spain, monuments of Alexandrian gods found in, i. 53, 66 _n._ 2;

Mithraic monuments found in, ii. 230

Spencer, Herbert, applies survival of fittest theory to religions, i.

lii;

his Euhemerism, i. 19

Spenta-Armaiti, mother of Gayômort in Avesta, i. lxi;

one of the Amshaspands and identified with Wisdom (Sophia), i. 181

_n._ 1; ii. 45 _n._ 1, 300 _n._ 2;

identified with Vedic Aramati, ii. 45 _n._ 1;

and with Mother of Life in Manichaeism, ii. 300 _n._ 2

Sphinx, the, dream of Thothmes IV concerning, i. 77 _n._ 2

Spirit, the Holy, called the First Woman by the Ophites, ii. 40;

forms Trinity with Father and Son, ii. 41;

Christos son of, by the Father-and-Son, ii. 42;

birth of Sophia from, ii. 44, 45;

blue circle in Diagram, ii. 68;

with Christos emanates from Nous and Aletheia (Valentinus), ii. 105;

with Christos, makes the Ectroma into perfect aeon, ii. 106;

retires within Pleroma, ii. 106, 114

Spirit, the Living, in Manichaeism, recalls the First Man from Darkness

after his defeat, ii. 294;

discrepancy as to part played by him in deliverance of First Man, ii.

295 _n._ 1;

creator of the lights in _Acta Archelai_, ii. 298 _n._ 2;

Demiurge or Architect of Universe (Alex. of Lycopolis), ii. 302 _n._

speaks word like pointed sword, ii. 302 _n._ 1, 324;

called “a white dove” in Tun-huang MS., ii. 302 _n._ 1;

the Third Person of Manichaean Trinity (Faustus), ii. 319;

member of second not first triad in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 324

Splenditenens, great Angel in Manichaeism who holds heavens by their

backs, ii. 298;

son of Living Spirit in Tun-huang MS., ii. 298 _n._ 1;

and in Bar Khôni, ii. 325;

bewails captivity of the Light, ii. 332

Srôsh or Sraôsha, the Angel of Obedience in Mazdeism and the Tertius

Legatus of Manichaeism, ii. 327;

probably the “Father” of St Augustine’s “love song,” ii. 331;

the “Mighty God” of the _Khuastuanift_, ii. 341 _n._ 2;

mentioned by name in Tun-huang MS., ii. 355

Stähelin, Prof. H., his theory of forgery in documents used by

Hippolytus, i. 175 _n._ 5; ii. 11, 12 _n._ 1

Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn, Roman nobles and the Jewish synagogue, i. lv

_n._ 1.

Statira, daughter of Darius and Alexander’s second wife, i. 6, 12

Stauros or The Cross, Valentinian aeon projected by Bythos as guard to

the Pleroma, ii. 105, 124;

referred to in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 140;

personified in _Gospel of Peter_, ii. 140 _n._ 2.

_See_ Cross

Stoics, the, not popular in Rome of early Empire, i. 19;

say all gods different forms of one Divine energy, i. 56;

Alexandrian religion may owe something to, i. 60;

Essenes take doctrine of Ecpyrosis from (Hippolytus), i. 155 _n._ 2;

Tarsus one of principal seats of, ii. 83;

Marcion educated in philosophy of, ii. 204;

their Ecpyrosis may pass into Mithraism, ii. 250;

their philosophy dear to best Roman minds, ii. 274;

their Ecpyrosis may have come to them from Persians, ii. 297 _n._ 1

Strabo, quotes Megasthenes’ story of gold-digging ants, i. 2 _n._ 1;

mentions Candace Queen of Ethiopians, i. 37 _n._ 1;

gives Iacchos important place in Mysteries, i. 40 _n._ 4

Stratiotici, a sect connected with the Ophites (Epiphanius), ii. 27

_n._ 1

Sulayman Shah, XVIIth century inscription likening him to Alexander, i.

14 _n._ 2

Sulla, worship of Alexandrian gods in Rome, _temp._, i. 53;

college of Pastophori at Cenchreae dates from, i. 74 _n._ 2;

Chaldaeans in Rome, _temp._, i. 108 _n._ 2

Sumer, probable source of First Man legend, i. lxiii _n._ 1;

astrology first practised in, i. 113

Sunday, compromise of Church as to coincidence of, with Lord’s Day, i.

118;

kept as fast by Manichaeans, ii. 343 _n._ 2, 349;

Manichaeans worship Sun on (St Augustine), ii. 349 _n._ 4

Suriel, name of planetary world in Diagram, ii. 70

Susa, one of the four capitals of Persian Empire, i. 3;

Alexander’s marriage of Europe and Asia at, i. 5;

Greeks flock to, i. 7;

Onomacritos flees with Pisistratids to, i. 121;

Orphic legends possibly learned by Greeks at, i. 122 _n._ 3, 126 _n._

Swedenborg, Emanuel, ideas of Simon Magus revived by, i. 202

Sykes, Major P. H., inscription in Khorassan discovered by, i. 14 _n._

Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius, life of, described by Sir Samuel Dill, ii.

359

Syncrasis or Blending, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Synesis, in Diagram, ii. 68;

member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, his hymn to the Ineffable Bythos quoted,

ii. 37 _n._ 1

Syria, Buddhist mission to, i. 20;

only road of attack on Egypt, i. 29;

Adonis legend in, i. 37;

Hadrian’s visit to, i. 86 _n._ 5;

earth-goddess worshipped throughout, i. 126;

Palestine buffer State between Egypt and, i. 151;

Antiochus Epiphanes’ attempt to consolidate power of, _ibid._;

Jews call in Romans against, i. 163;

proconsul of, rebuilds cities destroyed by Jews, i. 177;

spread of Simonians in, i. 199;

name of Highest applied to god of, ii. 31;

the great goddess of, called Atargatis and other names, ii. 45 _n._

Ophites spread throughout, ii. 76

_Syria Dea._ _See_ Atargatis

Tacitus, the historian, on foundation of Alexandrian religion, i. 44

_n._ 1;

describes bringing of Bryaxis’ statue to Alexandria, i. 48 _n._ 3;

calls Jews enemies of the human race, i. 167.

_See_ Manetho, Timotheos

Talmud, the, calls Babylonian Jews the Ten Tribes, ii. 32;

existence of Cabala indicated in (Kuenen), ii. 35 _n._ 2;

Yahweh’s Council or _familia_ (Taylor), ii. 43 _n._ 2;

First Man in (Harvey), ii. 52 _n._ 1;

Ophite stories find their way into, ii. 53

Tammuz, analogy of Dionysos with, i. 122 _n._ 3;

women weeping for, in Temple of Jerusalem, ii. 32

Tarentum, unnamed poet of, author of “serpent father of bull” verse,

ii. 39 _n._ 4

Tarn, Mr W. W., attributes story of Antigonos’ deification to Antigonos

Gonatas, i. 19 _n._ 1

Tarsus, a centre of Stoic teaching, ii. 83

Tartarus. _See_ Gehenna

Tatian, the heresiarch, a disciple of Justin Martyr, becomes heretic

from ambition, ii. 8 _n._ 3;

his opinions and connection with Marcion, ii. 220

Taurobolium, the (or blood bath), adopted by Mithraists from worship of

Cybele, ii. 259;

allusion to, in St Augustine, ii. 261 _n._ 2

Taxo, mystic name of Antiochus Epiphanes’ opponent in _Assumption of

Moses_, i. 170

Taylor, Thomas, the Platonist, first translator of Orphic hymns, i. 141

_n._ 2

Telesterion, the, Hall of Initiations at Eleusis used for torchlight

meeting, i. 39;

no entry into, for uninitiated, i. 41;

could not have held more than 3000, i. 65

Tenedos, temple of Alexandrian gods at, i. 53

Terebinthus, name of Manes’ teacher, ii. 285, 286;

also called Buddha, ii. 285;

suggested meaning of name, ii. 285 _n._ 4

Termessus, worship of Alexandrian gods at, i. 53

Tertullian, interest of heathen in early centuries in ethical

questions, i. xlix _n._ 1; ii. 86;

supposed astonishment of, at _post_-Constantinian ritual (Gibbon), i.

85;

first to formulate doctrine of Trinity (Harnack), i. 89 _n._ 2;

accuses Gnostics of magic and astrology, i. 109 _n._ 1;

says Valentinians give heavens reason and make angels of them, i. 187

_n._ 2;

tract _Adversus omnes Haereses_ wrongly ascribed to, ii. 10 _n._ 1,

25;

accuses Gnostics of concealing their opinions, ii. 18 _n._ 1;

the like of innovating on doctrines of their leaders, ii. 27, 28;

makes Valentinus give a consort to Bythos, ii. 96;

his jests on piled-up heavens of Valentinians, ii. 99;

his explanation of names of Valentinian Ogdoad, ii. 99, 100;

says Valentinus becomes heretic because not made bishop, ii. 117;

date of Valentinus’ separation from Church, ii. 118;

his own heretical views on Trinity, ii. 122;

his formal heresy Montanism, ii. 123 _n._ 1;

describes respect paid by primitive Church to martyrs, ii. 127;

says Gnostics make adherents in time of persecution, _ibid._;

refers to baptism for dead, ii. 168 _n._ 4;

“the Sophia not of Valentinus, but of Solomon,” ii. 178;

had probably read the _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 179;

his account of Marcion’s life, ii. 204;

of Marcion’s repentance and death, ii. 205;

“Marcionites make Churches as wasps make nests,” ii. 206;

his testimony to good morals of Marcion and Marcionites, _ibid._;

on Marcion’s rejection of all Gospels but Luke’s, ii. 208;

_Antitheses_ of Marcion can be reconstructed from refutation of, ii.

209;

his _dictum_ that Marcion can never prove existence of highest God,

ii. 210 _n._ 2;

on Marcion’s anti-Jewish views, ii. 211;

on Marcion’s dealings with Pauline Epistles, ii. 212;

controversy between Marcion and T. recommended to Modernists

(Foakes-Jackson), ii. 215 _n._ 1;

says Marcionites sect largest but one, ii. 216;

his sophistry in refutation of Marcion, ii. 218;

quotes Lucian the Marcionite’s doctrine on resurrection, ii. 220;

“Mithras is my crown,” ii. 245, 253 _n._ 3;

says initiate into Mithraic mysteries baptized for remission of sins,

ii. 260;

says Supreme Pontiff of Mithras may only marry once, ii. 268 _n._ 4;

quoted, i. xlix _n._ 1, 109 _n._ 1, 187 _n._ 2; ii. 18 _n._ 1, 27,

28, 86 _n._ 1, 96 _n._ 5, 99 _n._ 1, 100 _n._ 1, 117 _n._ 3, 118

_n._ 2, 127 _nn._ 1, 3, 168 _n._ 4, 178 _nn._ 2, 4, 179 _nn._ 2-7,

204 _nn._ 3, 4, 5, 205 _nn._ 1, 2, 206 _nn._ 1, 4, 5, 208 _n._ 1,

210 _n._ 2, 211 _nn._ 1, 3, 4, 5, 212 _nn._ 1, 6, 7, 8, 213 _nn._

1, 2, 4, 215 _n._ 5, 216 _nn._ 1, 3, 6, 218 _nn._ 1, 3, 220 _n._

5, 260 _n._ 5, 263 _n._ 3, 268 _n._ 4

Testament, the Old, names of God in, used for magical purposes, ii. 33;

Greek version of, belongs to Western Diaspora, ii. 53 _n._ 2;

Ophites quote freely from, ii. 81;

known to Ophites in Peshitto version, ii. 84;

rejected by Marcion, ii. 208;

used by Marcion’s follower Apelles, ii. 219;

scenes from, on Mithraic monuments (Cumont), ii. 277;

rejected by Manes, ii. 278, 350;

quoted, i. 10 _nn._ 1, 2, 96 _n._ 3, 156 _n._ 4, 165 _nn._ 1, 6, 180

_n._ 1; ii. 32 _nn._ 1, 2, 33 _n._ 1, 43 _n._ 2, 45 _n._ 1, 85, 94

_n._ 3, 114 _n._ 3, 136 _n._ 1, 155 _n._ 3, 210 _n._ 3.

_See_ Daniel, Ezekiel, Habakkuk, Haggai, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Joel,

Zachariah

Testament, the New, frequent mention of magicians in, i. 108;

account of Simon Magus in, i. 176;

Ophites quote from all the Gospels and most of the Pauline Epistles,

ii. 81;

Marcion’s treatment of, ii. 208;

Manes calls himself Paraclete announced in, ii. 351;

quoted, i. 108 _n._ 6, 145 _n._ 1, 176, 177 _n._ 5, 182 _n._ 4, 188

_n._ 1, 191 _n._ 3; ii. 3 _n._ 3, 4 _n_ 1, 6 _n._ 3, 25 _nn._ 5,

6, 28 _n._ 3, 29 _n._ 1, 32 _n._ 5, 42 _n._ 4, 53 _n._ 2, 57 _n._

2, 64 _n._ 3, 89 _n._ 4, 117 _n._ 1, 123 _n._ 3, 131 _n._ 1, 135

_n._ 3, 159 _n._ 3, 161 _n._ 4, 169 _n._ 5, 170 _n._ 1, 172 _n._

1, 180 _n._ 4, 212 _nn._ 1-5, 7, 9, 213 _nn._ 1, 3, 288 _n._ 3.

_See_ Apocalypse, Gospel the Fourth

Tetragrammaton, the four-lettered name of Yahweh, i. 100 _n._ 4; ii. 47

_n._ 3;

used in most spells, ii. 34;

Adonai substituted for original name in O.T., ii. 71 _n._ 1.

_See_ Akâe, Bêqâ

Thales of Miletus, his doctrine that water is the beginning of all

things, ii. 36

Thartharaoth, magic word used in Diagram, ii. 71

Thauthabaoth, the like, _ibid._

Thebes, the Greek, i. 6, 13;

the Egyptian, succeeded by Memphis as religious capital, i. 51

Thebuthis, leader of early sect mentioned by Hegesippus, ii. 6 _n._ 4;

said to be first who corrupted the Church because not made bishop,

ii. 8 _n._ 3

Thekla, relations between her and St Paul in Pagan eyes, i. 179 _n._ 2

Theletos or Desired, member of Valentinian Dodecad and spouse of

Sophia, ii. 101

Themistius, the neo-Platonist, says philosopher should know all

religions, but belong to none, ii. 270

Themistocles, goes to Susa when banished, i. 7

Theocrasia. _See_ Egyptians, Greeks, Ionia

Theocritus, the poet, shows Adonis worshipped as form of Osiris, i. 55;

like Apuleius makes Thessaly home of sorcerers, i. 108

Theocritus, Bishop of Chalcedon, rabbles Ophites in Vth century, ii. 77

Theodore bar Khôni, gives number of Ophite planetary heavens as ten,

ii. 70 _n._ 2;

says Bardesanes teaches that world made from five substances, ii. 291

_n._ 3;

makes surrender of First Man to Satan tactical, ii. 294 _n._ 2;

amplifies earlier account of deliverance of First Man, ii. 295 _nn._

1, 2, 302 _n._ 1;

does not mention Wheel, ii. 297 _n._ 2;

his elaborate account of creation of man and other animals, ii. 304

_n._ 1;

his Book of _Scholia_, its date and authorship, ii. 321.

_See_ Appellant and Respondent, Ban, Kashgar, Manichaeism

Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia, writes against Magi, ii. 237

Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus, for spread of Simonians, i. 199;

on Third Person of Ophite Trinity, ii. 42 _n._ 5;

says Ophiomorphus changes from good to evil, ii. 78;

boasts conversion of 100 Marcionites, ii. 216

Theodosius, the Emperor, sanctions demolition of heathen temples in

Alexandria, i. 83

_Theodoti, Excerpta_, preserved by Clement of Alexandria, ii. 10 _n._

represent teaching of Anatolic School, ii. 109 _n._ 1;

describe repose of spiritual and psychic souls until Consummation,

ii. 111 _n._ 1;

astrological destiny of man modified by baptism, ii. 115 _n._ 3;

Jesus receives tincture from planetary worlds in His descent, ii. 116

_n._ 1;

quote opening words of Fourth Gospel, ii. 117 _n._ 1, 177 _n._ 4;

date of, ii. 158 _n._ 1;

astrological doctrine among Gnostics first prominent in, _ibid._;

quoted, ii. 109 _n._ 1, 111 _n._ 1, 115 _n._ 3, 116 _n._ 1, 117 _n._

1, 177 _n._ 4

Theodotus the Valentinian, a native of Byzantium, ii. 9;

a leader of the Anatolic School of Valentinians, ii. 119;

followers of, worship Melchizidek (Hippolytus), ii. 148 _n._ 1

Theophilus, Bishop of Alexandria, “the perpetual enemy of peace and

virtue” (Gibbon), i. 83;

procures destruction of the Alexandrian Serapeum, i. 84

Theophilus, Bishop of Antioch, first to mention by name St John’s

Gospel, ii. 178

Theophrastus, mentions in his _Characters_ the Orpheotelestae, i. 140

Theopompos of Chios, Plutarch’s authority for statements about

Zoroaster, i. lxii;

ii. 214 _n._ 2, 289 _n._ 3;

gives independent principle to evil, ii. 289 _n._ 3

Theoris, priestess of Athenian confraternity convicted of sale of

poisons, i. 23 _n._ 2

Theotokos, the, worship of Virgin Mary as, introduced at destruction of

Serapeum, i. 85

Thersites, murder of, by Achilles leads to first instance of

purification among Greeks, i. 121 _n._ 4

Theseus, made immortal because son of divine father, i. 18

Thessaly, inhabitants of, called Thracians, i. 136.

_See_ Theocritus, Thracians

Thian, Chinese god compared to Egyptian Nu (Maspero), i. 73 _n._ 4

Thibet, Manes retires to, when exiled, ii. 281

Thomas, the Apostle, in _Pistis Sophia_ one of the three recorders of

the words of Jesus, ii. 157;

all apocrypha attributed to, probably Manichaean (Dufourcq), ii. 351

Thomas, missionary despatched by Manes into Syria, ii. 352

_Thomas, The Gospel of_, used by Ophites, probably not that now extant,

ii. 79

Thoth, the god, the ibis-totem brought into legend of Osiris, i. 35,

36;

epithet of, made name of Roman writer on magic (Maspero), i. 108 _n._

Thothmes IV, King of Egypt, dream of, regarding Sphinx of Gizeh, i. 77

_n._ 2

Thrace, gods of, early brought into Athens, i. 16;

Orphic teaching comes into Greece through, i. 122, 136;

worship of Theban Dionysos comes from, i. 136

Thracians, the, to Greek writers, inhabitants of Macedonia and

Thessaly, i. 136;

their horror of birth and delight at death (Herodotus), _ibid._

Thrasea, the “Stoic saint” (Dill), ii. 87

Thueris, the goddess, called “great of sorcery, cat of Ethiopia” in

Magic Papyrus, i. 37 _n._ 1

Tiamat, the goddess, heaven and earth made out of her dead body in

Babylonian legend, ii. 44 _n._ 3;

story of, perhaps reproduced by Ophites, _ibid._;

and by Manichaeans, ii. 295 _n._ 2

Tiberius, the Emperor, exiles worshippers of Isis to Sardinia, i. 53,

78;

no Christian converts of rank in reign of, ii. 8 _n._ 5

Tiele, Cornelius Petrus, on dislike of Hellenists for comparative

method, i. l _n._ 2;

says science of religions long looked on with suspicion, i. liv

Tigranes, King of Armenia, his tyranny in Phrygia, ii. 29

Timon of Phlya, his contempt for philosophers of Museum, i. 45

Timotheos, the Eumolpid, with Manetho founds Alexandrian religion, i.

44;

name may be typical only (Bouché-Leclercq), i. 44 _n._ 1;

his use of Eleusinian Mysteries, i. 61

Timothy, son of Eunice, of Jewish descent, but not circumcised

(Ramsay), ii. 28 _n._ 3

Titan, name equated with Ham by Moses of Chorene, i. lx

Titans, the, murderers of Zagreus, i. 37;

tear Zagreus in pieces from jealousy, i. 42, 125;

sons of Heaven and Earth, i. 125;

in Orphic myth entrap infant Zagreus, i. _ibid._;

blasted with lightning by Zeus, _ibid._;

introduced into Zagreus legend by Onomacritos, i. 126 _n._ 3;

man in Orphic teaching made out of ashes of, i. 127;

Orphic contempt for body which belongs to, i. 128;

disguise of, recalled in Sabazian rites, i. 138;

the second Dionysos torn to pieces and eaten by, i. 144;

Orphic hymns invoke, i. 146;

parallel to jealousy of, in system of Simon Magus, i. 190 _n._ 2;

representation of blasting of, on Mithraic monument, ii. 254

Titus, the Emperor, repeated rebellions of Jews after destruction of

Temple by, i. 163; ii. 5;

Essenes survive capture of Jerusalem by, i. 170;

Christians regarded as Jews till time of, ii. 4

_Tobit, The Book of_, Ophites quote from, ii. 81

Trajan, the Emperor, in his time knowledge of Latin not necessary at

Rome, i. 9;

atrocities committed by Jews throughout East, _temp._, i. 172 _n._ 1;

the _Didache_ not later than (Duchesne), ii. 7 _n._ 2;

earns title of Parthicus by his Eastern victories, ii. 225;

conquers Dacia and colonizes it with Orientals, ii. 271

Tranquillina, wife of Gordian III, i. 24

Transmigration of Souls, doctrine of Pythagoreans taken over by

Orphics, i. 127;

origin of belief in, i. 129;

doctrine of, in Pindar, _ibid._;

initiation into Mysteries frees from, i. 130, 134;

taught by Simon Magus, i. 196;

variations of doctrines in the Ophite system, ii. 65, 75;

in that of Valentinus, ii. 115;

in that of the _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 164, 165, 173;

in that of the _Texts of the Saviour_, ii. 183, 187;

in the worship of Mithras, ii. 264, 265;

in Manichaeism, ii. 308

Trees, the Five, of the _Pistis Sophia_, powers of the Treasure-house,

ii. 141;

the Great Powers of the Right emanate from, ii. 147

Tridynami, or Triple Powers of the _Pistis Sophia_ mentioned in the

address of the powers to Jesus, ii. 143;

the Great Propator, Barbelo and the Authades, ii. 150, 151;

give birth to 24 Invisible Powers of whom Pistis Sophia is the last,

_ibid._

Triparadeisos, treaty of, confirms Ptolemy Soter in possession of

Egypt, i. 30

Triptolemus, shown at Eleusis as setting out to spread knowledge of

agriculture through world, i. 41

Tryphera, Athenian courtezan who was member of confraternity, i. 22

Tun-huang, Manichaean treatise discovered at, ii. 352;

quoted, ii. 323 _n._ 3, 327 _nn._ 2, 4, 329 _n._ 1, 330 _nn._ 1, 3,

339 _n._ 1, 341 _n._ 1, 346 _n._ 1, 352, 353, 354.

_See_ Buddhas, Dove

Turfan, Manichaean texts discovered at, ii. 316, 317;

quoted, 323 _nn._ 3, 4, 324 _nn._ 1, 4, 327 _n._ 2, 329 _n._ 1, 350

_n._ 4, 356 _n._ 4.

_See_ Jesus, Mithras, Srôsh, Virgin of Light, Zervan

Tzimiskes, the Emperor John, settles Manichaeans in Bulgaria, ii. 357

Ulpian, the jurist, his maxim that all men are equal before the law,

ii. 86

Ulysses, purifies Achilles for murder of Thersites, i. 121 _n._ 4.

_See_ Odysseus

Unas, King of Egypt, represented as eating gods to obtain their power,

i. 125 _n._ 3

Uranus or Ouranos, the god, emasculated by Kronos his successor, i.

123;

Dionysos descendant of, i. 133;

never represented with stars, _ibid._;

with his wife Gê corresponds to Simonian syzygy, i. 185;

presides over Third Age of Orphics, i. 186;

his wife Gê type of all earth-goddesses, ii. 45 _n._ 1

Uranus, the planet, not known in classical times, i. 116

Valens, the Emperor, syncretism of Pagan religion, _temp._, i. 83

Valentinian I, the Emperor, Mithraic inscriptions in reign of Valens

and, i. 83

Valentinians, the, grow up in atmosphere of Orphic teaching, i. 128

_n._ 1;

like Simonians, make heavens persons as well as worlds, i. 187 _n._

Docetism of, i. 191 _n._ 4;

probably quote from Peshitto version of O.T., ii. 81 _n._ 1;

persecuted by orthodox, ii. 96;

divide into two schools, ii. 118, 119;

views of, as to Devil, ii. 108, 256;

not a secret sect like Basilidians, ii. 126;

their compliances with heathenism, ii. 126, 127;

high price of their mysteries, ii. 127 _n._ 4;

their success in Egypt, ii. 132;

protected by Julian, _ibid._;

superseded by Manichaeism, _ibid._;

assign corporate existence to Decad etc., ii. 160 _n._ 1;

sometimes delay baptism till deathbed (Tertullian), ii. 168;

say Catholics only capable of salvation, ii. 173;

of Hadrian’s time, not responsible for _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 180

_n._ 3;

most numerous of heretics, ii. 216

Valentinus, the heresiarch, accusation of disappointed ambition

against, ii. 8 _n._ 3;

said to have been a Jew (Neander), ii. 9 _n._ 1;

Docetism of, ii. 17;

followers of, innovate on his doctrines (Tertullian), ii. 27, 28;

connection between systems of V. and of Simon, ii. 45 _n._ 1, 93;

first makes Gnosticism workable form of Christianity, ii. 93;

importance of system of, in eyes of Fathers, ii. 95;

his Supreme Being, ii. 96, 97;

his system of aeons, ii. 98-103;

its possible explanation, ii. 99, 100;

his Fall of Sophia and its consequences, ii. 104-108;

his Four Worlds or “Places,” ii. 108, 109;

his three species of souls, ii. 112;

his Christology, ii. 113, 114;

his life, followers and successors, ii. 117-121;

his religion contrasted with that of Church, ii. 121-124;

his obligation to Ophites, ii. 124, 143;

moral dangers of teaching of, ii. 127, 128, 129;

services of, to Christianity, ii. 132, 133;

revival in Paris of religion of, ii. 133 _n._ 1;

system of _Pistis Sophia_ resembles that of, ii. 135, 158, 159;

boundary Powers common to both, ii. 140 _n._ 2;

the Power of _P.S._ and the Logoi of, ii. 149 _n._ 5;

verbal juggling common to both systems, ii. 169;

V. probable author of first two books of _P.S._, ii. 177, 178, 179;

religion of, derived from Ophites, but degenerates under Egyptian

influence, ii. 197, 198;

heresy of, contrasted with Marcion’s, ii. 204;

links with Manichaeism through Bardesanes, ii. 291;

quoted, ii. 110, 112 _n._ 3, 113 _n._ 1, 125

Valerian, the Emperor, captured by Sapor I, ii. 226, 281;

his defeat lets Goths into Dacia, ii. 271

Varanes or Bahram I, the Shah, puts Manes to death, ii. 281;

institutes persecution against Manichaeans, ii. 317

Varuna, the god, invoked in Vedas with Mithras, ii. 230-232, 248;

god of sky and prototype of Zeus, ii. 231;

a god of Mitannians or Hittites, _ibid._

Vatican, monument of Isis-worship in, i. 73;

papyri of recluse of Serapeum in Library of, i. 80 _n._ 1

Vedas, the, religion of, may have come from Asia Minor, i. 122 _n._ 3;

associate Varuna with Mitra, ii. 232, 248

Veil, “within the,” of Hebrews and _P. S._, ii. 135;

guardian of, ii. 148 _n._ 3

Vellay, M. Charles, shows fusion in first centuries of legends of

Osiris, Attis and Adonis, i. 55 _n._ 4

Ventidiu Bassus, Publius, drives Parthians out of Palestine, i. 161

_n._ 3

Venus, the goddess, identified with Greek Isis, i. 56.

_See_ Aphrodite

Venus, the planet, omen of distress among Assyrians, i. 114;

a benefic to Chaldaeans, i. 116;

and in _Texts of Saviour_, i. 118 _n._ 1;

one of the Ophite hebdomad, ii. 48;

her sphere in Diagram, ii. 74 _n._ 1;

ruled by power from Pistis Sophia, ii. 162 _n._ 3, 180, 186;

one of the five which control the stars of Adamas, ii. 182

Verethragna, the god, represented as Hercules on Mithraic monuments

(Cumont), ii. 258

Vespasian, the Emperor, dream sent to, by Serapis in Temple at

Alexandria, i. 77;

siege of Temple of Jerusalem by, ii. 23

Victorinus of Pettau, probable author of pseudo-Tertullian’s tract

against heresies, ii. 25 _n._ 3;

his story that Simon calls Helena, Sophia, ii. 45 _n._ 1

Vincentius, tomb of, in Catacomb of Praetextatus at Rome shows links

between Sabazius and Mithras, ii. 259 _n._ 2

Virgin of Light, the, perhaps mentioned in Ophite address to

Astaphaeus, ii. 73 _n._ 2;

causes soul of Elijah to be planted in St John Baptist, ii. 137, 150;

her place and office, ii. 137 _n._ 3;

one of the two Leaders of the Middle, ii. 150;

working agent in salvation of souls, ii. 158;

her dealing with soul which has received lesser mysteries, ii. 165,

174;

the like with second mystery of First Mystery, ii. 167;

in _Texts of Saviour_ gives the “Power,” ii. 184;

sends soul of slanderer into afflicted body, ii. 187;

reappears in Manichaeism, ii. 299 _n._ 1;

in Manichaeism retires into Moon at end of world, ii. 323 _n._ 4

Vohu Mano, the Amshaspand, reference to, in _Apocalypse of Salathiel_,

i. 167 _n._ 2;

first of Amshaspands in Avesta, i. 181 _n._ 1;

receives faithful soul at death, ii. 311

Vologeses or Valkash, King of Parthia, collects books of Avesta, ii.

278, 283;

his attempt at reformation of Zoroastrianism unsuccessful, ii. 284

Vonones, King of Parthia, his philhellenism offends his subjects, ii.

282

Vulcan, the god, on Mithraic monument, ii. 238 _n._ 3

Way, the Middle, in _Texts of Saviour_ Jesus transfers himself and his

disciples to, ii. 182;

a place of torment, ii. 187

Wesley, John, founder of a “Free Church,” ii. 19

Wessely, Dr Karl, edits Magic Papyri, i. 101

Wheel of Salvation, in Manichaeism, ii. 297, 306, 308.

_See_ Zodiac

Winckler, Dr Hugo, his astral theory of Oriental religion, i. 115 _n._

his discovery of worship of Vedic gods in Asia Minor, ii. 45 _n._ 1,

231

Williams-Jackson, Prof. A. V., puts date of Zoroaster at 700 B.C., i.

lxii

Woide, librarian of British Museum, first draws attention to _Pistis

Sophia_, ii. 134

Woman, the First, the Holy Spirit of the Ophites, ii. 40;

at first female form of Ophite Supreme Being, later proceeds from

Father and Son, ii. 41 _n._ 2;

story of superfluous Light which falls from, ii. 44;

Sophia springs from left side of, Christos from right, ii. 46;

not mentioned by Sophia when undeceiving Ialdabaoth, ii. 51 _n._ 5

Xenocrates of Chalcedon, his date, i. 47 _n._ 1;

speaks of a supernal and infernal Zeus, i. 47 _n._ 1; ii. 239 _n._ 6;

makes Zeus both male and female, i. 47 _n._ 4;

calls stars and planets, gods, i. 186 _n._ 2

Xenophanes of Colophon, says Demeter and Persephone the same goddess,

i. 46

Xenophon, authority for visits of the King’s Eye to satraps, i. 2 _n._

treats Socrates as polytheist, i. 11

Xisuthros, the Babylonian Noah, i. lx

Yahweh of Israel, a mountain god to Syrians, i. 10;

Hebrew Prophets’ and Psalmists’ monotheistic conception of, i. 11;

associated in magic with Zeus and Serapis, i. 107;

according to Jews, promises them exclusive temporal advantages, i.

150;

on same authority, makes world for sake of Jews, i. 165;

stars the viceroys of (Philo), i. 187;

the “Father” of second or intermediate world of Simon, i. 188;

called Hypsistos in Asia Minor (Cumont), ii. 31, 85 _n._ 3;

Anat and Bethel assessors of, at Elephantine, ii. 32 _n._ 4, 43 _n._

name of, specially used in magic, ii. 33;

name of, ineffable after Alexander, ii. 37 _n._ 1;

Sophia his delight and instrument, ii. 45 _n._ 1;

called Ialdabaoth by Ophites, ii. 47;

in Ophite system, power below the Supreme God, ii. 84;

called the Great Archon by Basilides, ii. 94;

probably the Jeû of _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 148

Yazatas, the. _See_ Izeds

Yezdegerd II, the Shah, Zervanist sect dominant in Persia, _temp._, ii.

285

York, Mithraic monuments at, ii. 239

Yung, Dr Émile, his views on hypnotism and crystal-gazing, i. 110

Zacchaei, the, Gnostic sect mentioned by Epiphanius, ii. 27 _n._ 1

Zachariah, the Prophet, shows hatred of Gentiles, i. 167 _n._ 4

Zagreus, the god, secret worship of, in Greece in early times, i. 17;

Cretan legend of, i. 37;

the same as taught at Eleusis, i. 42;

and by Orphics, i. 124, 125;

Orphics connect Passion and Resurrection of, with history of man, i.

126;

Orphics teach that man’s soul is part of, i. 127;

initiate becomes identified with Zagreus by eating raw flesh of

victim, i. 128;

identified with Iacchos at Eleusis, i. 130;

and with Sabazius, i. 137;

called “Highest of All” (Aeschylus), i. 137 _n._ 3;

rites of Sabazius explained by legend of, i. 138;

sewing of heart of, in thigh of Zeus and its result, i. 145

Zarazaz, cryptographic name of power in Texts of Saviour otherwise

Maskelli, ii. 75 _n._ 1, 148 _n._ 3;

perhaps Guardian of Veil of Treasure-house, ii. 148 _n._ 3

Zeesar, cryptographic name of heavenly river among Ophites, ii. 94 _n._

Zeller, his view of Philo’s powers of God, i. 174

Zend Avesta. _See_ Avesta

Zeno of Cyprus, why not quoted by Ophite writers, ii. 83

Zervan, said by Moses of Chorene to be the Patriarch Shem, i. lx;

Supreme God of Light in Tun-huang and Turfan texts, ii. 323, 342, 343

Zervan Akerene, supreme divinity of sect of Zoroastrian heretics, ii.

236;

head of Mithraic pantheon and father of Ormuzd and Ahriman (Cumont),

ii. 252;

Mihr Nerses’ proclamation concerning, ii. 285;

belief in, denounced in _Khuastuanift_, ii. 339

Zeus, Crete or Asia Minor birthplace of, i. 16;

identified with many gods of Asia and Europe, i. 17;

father of Zagreus by Persephone, i. 37, 42, 138;

union with Demeter shown in Mysteries, i. 40, 61 _n._ 1;

Hermes sent by, to Hades for deliverance of Persephone, i. 41;

father of Dionysos his destined successor, i. 46;

the Z. of Phidias model for Serapis, i. 49;

“Serapis is Z.”, i. 55;

Achilles’ flattery of, i. 95;

identified in magic spell with Serapis and Yahweh, i. 106, 107;

Orphic, swallows Phanes and becomes father of gods and men, i. 123;

his relations with Orphic Dionysos, i. 124;

blasts Titans after murder of Zagreus, i. 125;

Orphic “an initiate of Idaean Z.” (Euripides), i. 128;

man’s soul a descendant of, according to Orphics, i. 133;

relations of Orphic, with Demeter and Persephone, i. 142, 144, 145;

Titans enemies of, ii. 146;

identified by Orphics with Dionysos, ii. 147;

Samaritans offer Antiochus Epiphanes to dedicate Mt Gerizim temple

to, i. 177;

Orphics assign last age of world but one to, i. 186;

called Metropator by Orphics, i. 190 _n._ 1;

Barnabas hailed as, in Phrygia, i. 191 _n._ 3; ii. 42;

legend of Z. and Persephone referred to Asia Minor, ii. 49;

Varuna perhaps prototype of, ii. 231;

“the whole circuit of the sky” to Persians (Herodotus), ii. 234;

identified with Ormuzd, ii. 237;

on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238, 254.

_See_ Jupiter, Polycleitos

Zeus Chthonios, “the God” of Eleusis, i. 47;

mentioned by Hesiod, i. 126;

identified with Hades and Dionysos, i. 130;

and with Adonis, i. 137;

the serpent lover of Persephone, i. 145 _n._ 2

Zeus Labrandos, double axe symbol of, ii. 67 _n._ 3.

_See_ Lairbenos

Zodiac, the, in _Texts of Saviour_ salvation determined by entry of

benefic planet into certain signs of, i. 118;

in _Pistis Sophia_ Twelve Aeons means, ii. 137 _n._ 1, 154;

Pythagoras’ division of, ii. 144 _n._ 8;

the Twelve “members of Light” in Manichaeism, ii. 293 _n._ 2;

the Wheel with twelve buckets in same, ii. 297 _n._ 2;

the twelve daughters of the Third Legate, ii. 328

Zoë or Life, member of second Valentinian syzygy, ii. 98

Zoroaster, Parsi belief in special inspiration of, i. liii;

religion of, once shared with Buddhism and Christianity belief of

civilized world, i. lviii;

Plutarch’s date for, i. lxii;

religion reformed by, may be pre-Homeric, i. lxiii;

date of, 700 B.C., i. 126 _n._ 3; ii. 232;

both Bardesanes and Marcion borrow from (Al-Bîrûnî), ii. 214 _n._ 2;

name and doctrine of, known in West long before Plutarch, ii. 234;

reform of, directed against worship of Ahriman (Rosenberg), ii. 253

_n._ 5;

Ardeshîr entrusts Magi with propagation of reformed religion of, ii.

280;

divine origin of teaching of, acknowledged by Manes, ii. 316

Zoroastrianism, borrows from Babylonia, i. lxi;

our ignorance of origin and dates of, i. lxii;

adopts theory of seven planetary spheres surrounding earth, i. 117;

Orphic poems seem reminiscent of reformed, i. 122;

late form of, derives origin of man from death of Gayômort, i. 126

_n._ 3;

fire which burns wicked like warm milk to just, i, 134 _n._ 1;

doctrine of Essenes said to be derived from, i. 156;

doctrine of Amshaspands in, i. 181;

likeness between post-Exilic Judaism and (Cheyne), i. 181 _n._ 1;

Simon Magus’ ideas in part derived from (Franck), i. 197;

revolt of Gaumata perhaps directed against, ii. 233;

its restoration and reform by Ardeshîr, ii. 284;

Manes’ description of lot of justified taken from, ii. 310

Zwingli, founder of a “Free Church,” ii. 19

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

● Transcriber’s Notes:

○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

○ Footnotes have been moved to follow the chapters in which they are

referenced.

○ Superscripts which are a single character, such as “4” with a

superscript “a”, are shown by the caret “^” character before the

superscript, such as 4^a. Longer superscripts are wrapped in curly

brackets, such as p^{tle}.

Orphics, the, cosmogony of, taken from Ionian philosophers, i. 124;