Is this the _Tertius Legatus_ or another?

Footnote 1180:

Augustine, _c. Faust._ Bk II. c. 5. Cf. Chavannes et Pelliot, _op.

cit._ 1^{ère} ptie, p. 539, and n. 1.

Footnote 1181:

Chavannes et Pelliot, _op. cit._ 1^{ère} ptie, p. 573, n. 3.

Footnote 1182:

So Baur, _op. cit._ This was doubtless true in the West and in lands

where they were exposed to severe persecution.

Footnote 1183:

This explains its translation from its original Pahlavi into the

language of the converts and each copy bearing the name of the owner.

Footnote 1184:

See Cumont, _Cosmog. Manich._ p. 56, for authorities. Cf. also de

Stoop, _op. cit._ p. 22. As has been many times said above, every

religion and sect at the time accused the others of these filthy

practices, without our being able to discern any proof of the justice

of the accusation in one case more than in another. In any case, St

Augustine, here the chief authority, could not have known of it at

first hand, as he had never been more than a Hearer, and he himself

says (_contra Fortunatum_, Bk I. App.) that while he had heard that

the Elect celebrated the Eucharist, he knew nothing of the mode of

celebration. Cf. Neander, _Ch. Hist._ II. p. 193.

Footnote 1185:

All contemporary authorities are agreed that they were forbidden to

drink wine.

Footnote 1186:

Neander, _op. cit._ II. p. 170.

Footnote 1187:

Le Coq, _Chotscho_, Vol. I. Pl. I. and IV.

Footnote 1188:

Aug. _c. Ep. Fundamenti_, c. 8.

Footnote 1189:

Augustine, _c. Faust._ Bk XVIII. c. 5, whom he quotes, does not say

however that they kept Sunday as a festival, but merely that they then

worshipped the Sun: _Vos in die, quem dicunt solis, solem colitis_.

Footnote 1190:

Aug. _c. Ep. Fundamenti_, c. 8 and de Stoop, _op. cit._ p. 27.

Footnote 1191:

Al-Bîrûnî, _Chronology_, p. 27.

Footnote 1192:

_Ib._ pp. 121, 190.

Footnote 1193:

A few other undoubted extracts from the Shapurakhan are to be found in

Müller, _Handschriften-Reste_, _passim_, and others quoted at second

hand from Mahommedan writers in Kessler, _op. cit._, as to which see

_ib._ pp. 180-191.

Footnote 1194:

Al-Bîrûnî, _op. cit._ p. 225.

Footnote 1195:

See Kessler, _op. cit._ p. 191 _sqq._

Footnote 1196:

Aug. _c. Faust._ Bk XXXII. c. 7.

Footnote 1197:

See Albert Dufourcq, _De Manichaeismo apud Latinos_, Paris, 1900,

where all these apocrypha are carefully examined. The _Quo vadis_

story appears on p. 40.

Footnote 1198:

Chavannes et Pelliot, _op. cit._ p. 508, and n. 1.

Footnote 1199:

Hegemonius, _Acta_, c. XIII. p. 22, Beeson.

Footnote 1200:

Chavannes et Pelliot, _op. cit._ 1^{ère} ptie, pp. 399, 400.

Footnote 1201:

_Op. cit._ 1^{ère} ptie, pp. 509, n. 5, 510, n. 2, 533, nn. 2 and 4.

Footnote 1202:

Nowhere is this curious theory, which forms the base of most Mediaeval

Cabala and magic, more clearly stated. Thus the Tun-huang treatise

says in describing the fashioning of the body of man by the devils (as

in the Μέρος τευχῶν Σωτῆρος), “there is not a single formation of the

universe (or cosmos) which they did not imitate in the carnal body”

(Chavannes et Pelliot, _op. cit._ 1^{ère} ptie, p. 527); and in the

next page “The demon ... shut up the five natures of Light in the

carnal body of which he made a little universe (microcosm).”

Footnote 1203:

Chavannes et Pelliot, _op. cit._ 1^{ère} ptie, p. 514.

Footnote 1204:

_Op. cit._ pp. 528, 529.

Footnote 1205:

Their Chinese names are discussed by MM. Chavannes and Pelliot (_op.

cit._ 1^{ère} ptie, pp. 521, n. 1, 542, n. 1, 543, nn. 1, 2, and 544,

n. 1), wherein are gathered nearly all that can be said about them.

The learned commentators decide that their functions still remain

mysterious. But see next note _infra_.

Footnote 1206:

W. Radloff, _Chuastuanift, das Bussgebet der Manichäer_, St

Petersburg, 1909, pt I. pp. 19, 20. Von Le Coq, _J.R.A.S._ 1911, p.

294: “when the Gods Kroshtag and Padwakhtag, the Appellant and

Respondent, should have brought to us that part of the light of the

Fivefold God that, going to God, is there to be purified.” One is

inclined to compare this with Jeû and Melchizidek receiving and

purifying the light won from this world, or with Gabriel and Michael

in the _Pistis Sophia_ bearing the heroine upward out of Chaos; but

the parallel may be accidental and is easily pushed too far.

Footnote 1207:

Like the “Twin Saviours” of the _Pistis Sophia_, whose functions are

never even alluded to in that document.

Footnote 1208:

See notes 2 and 3, p. 327 _supra_.

Footnote 1209:

M. de Stoop’s _Essai sur la Diffusion du Manichéisme_ is most

informing on this head. See also A. Dufourcq’s Thesis quoted in n. 2,

p. 351 _supra_. A very brief summary of the history of the sect was

given by the present writer in _J.R.A.S._ 1913, pp. 69-94.

Footnote 1210:

For the enquiry by Strategius, afterwards called Musonianus, and

Prefect of the East under Constantius, see Ammianus Marcellinus, Bk

XV. c. 13. Cf. Neander, _Ch. Hist._ IV. 488 _sqq._ That the

persecution instituted against them by Diocletian slackened under

Constantine and Constantius, see de Stoop, _op. cit._ pp. 40, 41.

Footnote 1211:

See the Laws of Theodosius and Valentinian II, quoted by de Stoop,

_op. cit._ pp. 41, 42.

Footnote 1212:

Gibbon, _Decline and Fall_, III. p. 153. Justinian put to death not

only convicted Manichaeans, but those who being acquainted with

members of the sect, did not denounce them. See de Stoop, _op. cit._

p. 43.

Footnote 1213:

The Manichaeans seem always to have been favoured by the better

classes and high officials of the Empire who maintained for some

time a secret leaning towards Paganism. See de Stoop, _op. cit._ p.

84. The case of Barsymès, the banker or money-changer whom Theodora

made Praetorian Prefect, and who was allowed according to Procopius

(_Anecdota_, c. XXII. 7) to profess Manichaeism openly, was

doubtless only one of many. It is apparently this Barsymès who is

invoked in the Turfan texts as “the Lord Bar Simus,” see Müller,

_Handschriften-Reste_, pp. 45, 59.

Footnote 1214:

That this was the professed policy of the sect seems plain from the

words they attributed to Manes himself: “I am not inhuman like Christ

who said: Whoso denieth me, him will I deny. I say unto you: Whoso

denieth me before man and saves himself by this falsehood, him will I

receive with joy, as if he had not denied me.” Cf. de Stoop, _op.

cit._ p. 46, quoting Cedrenus; Al Bîrûnî, _Chronology_, p. 191.

Footnote 1215:

Von Le Coq, _Exploration Archéologique à Tourfan_, Confces au Musée

Guimet (Bibl. de Vulg. t. XXXV.), 1910, p. 278.

Footnote 1216:

de Stoop, _op. cit._ pp. 86, 144.

CONCLUSION

Constantine’s accession proved to be, like the coming of Alexander, a

turning-point in the history of the world. His so-called conversion put

into the hands of the Catholic Church a weapon for the suppression of

all rivalry, of which she was not slow to make use. Already in his reign

many of the heathen temples were torn down[1217], and under the rule of

his morose and gloomy successor, Constantius, the work of demolition

went on apace[1218]. The accession of the philosophic Julian gave the

worshippers of other gods than Christ a short respite, and even allowed

some of the temples destroyed in the former reigns to be restored by or

at the expense of the Christians[1219]. Julian’s heroic death in Persia

again threw the crown into the hands of a Christian emperor, whose reign

of seven months gave him little time, as he perhaps had small

inclination, for persecution[1220]; but under his successors Valentinian

and Valens, heathen sacrifices were forbidden under severe penalties.

The end came under Gratian, when the temple estates were confiscated,

the priests and vestals deprived of the stipends which they had hitherto

received from the public treasury, and the heathen confraternities or

colleges were declared incapable of receiving legacies[1221]. Only a few

rich men like the Vettius Agorius Praetextatus whom we have seen among

the worshippers of Mithras, or the Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, whose

learned and patriotic life has been so well described by Sir Samuel

Dill[1222], could henceforth venture to practise, even with maimed

rites, the faiths condemned by the Court and the Church.

As for the Gnostic sects, which since Hadrian’s time had striven with

such success as we have seen to combine magic and other ancient beliefs

with Christianity, they found but short shrift at the hands of the

triumphant Church. By an edict issued by Constantine before his own

reception into the Church, all their “houses of prayer” were confiscated

for the benefit of the Catholic Church, their meeting even in private

forbidden, and their books seized and burned[1223].

“Thus,” says Eusebius, “were the lurking places of the heretics

broken up by the emperor’s command, and the savage beasts they have

harboured (I mean the chief authors of their impious doctrines)

driven to flight. Of those whom they had deceived, some, intimidated

by the emperor’s threats, disguising their real feelings, crept

secretly into the Church. For since the law directed that search

should be made for their books, those of them who practised evil and

forbidden arts were detected, and these were ready to secure their

own safety by dissimulation of every kind[1224].”

Throughout the length and breadth of the Roman Empire all but a very few

Roman nobles thus professed the faith of Christ. In the words of the

dying Julian, the Galilaean had conquered.

From this time until our own, Christianity has reigned in the West with

no serious rival. In the VIIth century, when Mahommed’s Arabs, flushed

with the enthusiasm of a new faith which owed something at least to the

relics of Gnosticism, poured in upon an Empire wearied out alike by

perpetual war against the barbarians and by its own civil and religious

dissensions, the Church was compelled to abandon to them her conquests

in Africa and the East. In Europe, however, she continued in unchecked

supremacy, gathering to herself and assimilating the barbarians who at

one time seemed likely to extinguish all civilization; and she thus

became a bond uniting many nations and languages in one community of

faith and thought. She even succeeded in keeping alive the remains of

that Greek art and learning which still form our best and proudest

intellectual possession, and if during her reign many of the precious

monuments of antiquity perished, the fault was not entirely hers. In

every respect, her rule was supreme; and such enemies as she had in

Europe were those of her own household. The Manichaeans who, as has been

said, once bid fair to deprive her of some of her fairest provinces,

never dared to make open war upon her, and their secret defection was

punished by an unsparing use of the secular arm. The German Reformation

of the XVIth century has probably left her stronger than before, and the

few losses that she has suffered in the Old World have been more than

compensated by the number of lieges she has succeeded in attaching to

herself in the New.

In the days of her infancy, and before she thus came into her

inheritance, Christianity borrowed much from the rivals over which she

was in the long run to reign supreme. Her outward observances, her

ritual, and the organization of her hierarchy, are perhaps all due to

the associations that she finally overcame. The form of her sacraments,

the periods of her fasts and festivals, and institutions like monachism,

cannot be explained without reference to those religions from whose

rivalry she so long suffered. That, in such matters, the Church should

take what was useful to her was, as said above, part of her consciously

expressed policy, and doubtless had much to do with her speedy triumph.

To show that her dogmas also took many things from the same source would

involve an invasion into the domain of professional theology, for which

I have neither authority nor desire. But if, at some future time,

investigation should show that in this respect also Christianity owes

something to her forerunners and rivals, the argument against her Divine

origin would not thereby be necessarily strengthened. That, in the

course of her development, she acquired characteristics which fitted her

to her environment would be in strict conformity with the laws which

appear to govern the evolution of all institutions; and if the Power

ruling the universe chooses to work by law rather than by what seems to

us like caprice, such a choice does not show Him to be lacking either in

wisdom or benevolence.

As was said at the outset, everyone must be left to place his own

interpretation on the facts here attempted to be set forth. But if, _per

impossibile_, we could approach the study of the origins of Christianity

with the same mental detachment and freedom from prejudice with which we

might examine the worship of the Syrian Jupiter Dolichenus or the

Scandinavian Odin, we should probably find that the Primitive Church had

no need of the miraculous powers which were once assigned as the reason

for her gradual and steady advance to all but universal dominion. On the

contrary, it may be that Christianity would then appear as a

link—although a most important and necessary link—in a regular chain of

events which began more than three centuries before she emerged from her

birthplace in Palestine into that Roman world which in three centuries

more was to be hers of right. No sooner had Alexander’s conquests made a

world-religion possible, than there sprang up, as we have seen, in his

own city of Alexandria, a faith with a far higher and purer idea of

Divinity than any that had until then been known in the West. Then the

germs already present in small fraternities like those of the Orphics

and the Essenes blossomed forth into the fantastic and unwholesome

growths, as we must needs think them, of that Gnosticism which marked

the transition of the ancient world from Paganism to Christianity.

Lastly there came in from the countries under the influence of Rome’s

secular enemy, Persia, the heresy of Marcion, the religion of Mithras,

and the syncretistic policy of Manes and his continuators. Against all

these in turn, Christianity had to struggle in a contest where the

victory was not always on her side: and if in time she overthrew them

all, it can only be because she was better fitted to the needs of the

world than any of her predecessors or contemporaries.

Footnote 1217:

Neander, _Ch. Hist._ III. pp. 34, 35.

Footnote 1218:

_Op. cit._ III. p. 46.

Footnote 1219:

Sozomen, _Hist. Eccl._ Bk V. c. 5, for instances. Cf. Neander, _op.

cit._ III. pp. 66, 67.

Footnote 1220:

Neander, _op. cit._ III. p. 96.

Footnote 1221:

_Op. cit._ III. p. 100.

Footnote 1222:

S. Dill, _Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_,

pp. 143-166.

Footnote 1223:

Eusebius, _Vita Constantini_, Bk III. cc. 64, 65.

Footnote 1224:

_Op. cit._ c. 66.

INDEX

Abel, Ophite story of, ii. 52;

and Manichaean, ii. 304

Aberamenthôu, name used in Magic Papyri and _Pistis Sophia_, i. 102.

_See_ Jesus, _Texts of Saviour_

Abiuth, receiver of Ariel in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 186

Abraham, named in Mag. Pap., i. 106 _n._ 6; ii. 34;

an astrologer _apud_ Artapanus, i. 173;

inspired by Ialdabaoth, ii. 53;

Bosom of, in Marcion’s system, ii. 211

Abraxas, in system of Basilides, ii. 90, 92

Abydos, gods of, i. 33 _n._ 1;

excavations at, i. 36

Achaea, worship of Goddesses Twain in, i. 135;

Cilician pirates deported to, ii. 229

Achaemenides, Persian religion under, i. 122; ii. 234

Achamoth, Sophia of Ophites, ii. 45 _n._ 1;

called the Mother by Valentinus, ii. 112 _n._ 3;

the Sophia Without of Valentinus, ii. 117 _n._ 2;

baptism in name of, by Marcus, ii. 189 _n._ 1.

_See_ Sophia (2)

Acheron, Isis shining in, i. 60

Achilles, his horror of Hades, i. 59, 150;

his flattery of Zeus, i. 95;

his purification by Ulysses, i. 121 _n._ 4

Achrammachamari, name of Great Propator in _Texts of Saviour_ and Mag.

Pap., ii. 142 _n._ 2

Acropolis, sacred things of Eleusis lodged in, i. 39;

Serapeum built opposite, i. 52

Acrostics, use of, in Jewish, Greek and Christian literature, i. 169

_n._ 1;

in Valentinian epitaph, ii. 129 _n._ 3

Adam, the protoplast, Ophite story of, ii. 52, 58, 70;

and Manichaean, ii. 299;

and neo-Manichaean, ii. 329

Adam or Adamos, god of Samothrace, i. 139 _n._ 1; ii. 54 _n._ 6

Adamas, the Ophite, the First Man or Great Light, ii. 38;

gives birth to Second Man or Son, _ibid._;

called Father-and-Son, ii. 39;

androgyne, ii. 40;

forms triad with Holy Spirit, ii. 41 _nn._ 2, 3;

all things except matter contained in, ii. 44 _n._ 2, 64;

all light returns to, ii. 65, 80;

called Caulacau, ii. 94 _n._ 3.

_See_ First Man, Caulacau, Hades

Adamas, king of the Twelve Aeons in _Pistis Sophia_, his rebellion, ii.

48 _n._ 4, 152 _n._ 1;

place of, ii. 137 _n._ 3;

ruler of Zodiac, ii. 152;

delays redemption of souls, ii. 153;

sends demon in shape of flying arrow, ii. 156;

probably Diabolos or Cosmocrator of Valentinus, ii. 163.

_See_ Sabaoth Adamas

Adamas of the Light, in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 325;

slayer of monster, ii. 329

Adonai, epithet of Zeus in Mag. Pap., i. 106;

in Coptic, ii. 46 _n._ 3;

son of Ophite Sophia, ii. 47;

ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 69;

meaning of name of, ii. 71 _n._ 1;

address of soul to, ii. 72

Adonis, wailed for in Athens, _temp._ Alcibiades, i. 16;

Dying God of Mediterranean, i. 37;

Asiatic form of Dionysos, i. 47;

identified with Osiris, i. 55;

identified with Dionysos by Orphics, i. 137, 145;

identified with Dionysos at Eleusis, i. 139 _n._ 1;

androgyne, i. 185;

Ophites attend mysteries of, ii. 21, 54;

identified with Phrygian god, ii. 31;

fiend in hell in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 186

Advent, the. _See_ Parusia

Aegean, islands of, birthplace of gods, i. 16, 52;

early worship of Alexandrian gods in, i. 52;

and of Eleusinian, ii. 135

Aeinous or Aionios (Everlasting), member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii.

101

Aelius Aristides, quoted, i. 55 _n._ 2, 58, 60, 64 _n._ 3; ii. 66 _n._

2

Aeon, Thirteenth, highest place of Left in _P.S._, ii. 143, 150;

Authades would-be ruler of, ii. 151, 153;

first dwelling-place of Pistis Sophia, ii. 155;

place below it made for Pistis Sophia, ii. 155, 156;

Pistis Sophia restored to, ii. 157

Aeons, the Twelve, described, ii. 143, 152, 153;

souls made from tears of rulers of, ii. 153;

Jesus takes away part of their power, ii. 154;

divided into repentant and unrepentant, ii. 182;

the mystery of, in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 195.

_See_ Zodiac

Aerodios, power mentioned in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 191

Aeschines, son of Glaucothea, i. 22;

Demosthenes’ invective against, quoted, i. 138.

_See_ Sabazius

Aeschylus, quoted, i. 48, 55, 123

Aether, offspring of Time _ap._ Orphics, i. 123

Afghanistan, included in Persian Empire, i. 1

Africa, political power of priesthoods in, i. 31;

Mithraism in Northern, ii. 230;

christianized Manichaeism of, ii. 339

Agape or Love, supreme God of Diagram, ii. 68, 123 _n._ 3;

supreme God of Valentinus, ii. 98 _n._ 1;

feminine member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101;

supreme God of Marcion, ii. 210;

seal of Azrua in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 341.

_See_ Eros

Agdistis, name of androgyne Cybele, ii. 39, 40

Ageratos or Never-ageing, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Agla, cabalistic word used in mediaeval magic, ii. 139 _n._ 1

Agra on the Ilissus, mysteries of, i. 41

Agrestius, a _clarissimus_ and high priest of Mithras, ii. 239

Ahnas-el-Medineh or Heracleopolis, mentioned in magic spell, i. 98

Ahriman, Areimanios, or Arimanius, in _Bundahish_ slayer of Gayômort,

i. 126 _n._ 3;

not entirely evil till Sassanid times, ii. 232, 253;

Magi sacrifice to, ii. 234;

son of Zervan Akerene (Cumont), ii. 236, 252;

altars dedicated to, ii. 239;

Mithras superior to, ii. 240;

in _Bundahish_ slayer of bull Goshurun, ii. 246, 254;

ruler of earth in Mithraism, ii, 255, 256;

modified worship of, in Mithraism, ii. 278;

likeness of representation of, to Manichaean Satan, ii. 291.

_See_ Goshurun

Ahura Mazda, the Omniscient Lord, i. liii;

father of Gayômort, i. lxi;

Supreme Being of Yashts, ii. 231;

his relations to Amshaspands, ii. 232;

in Behistun inscription, ii. 233;

not mentioned in Mithraic monuments, ii. 239;

in _Bundahish_, ii. 246;

replaced by Jupiter O.M. in Mithraism, ii. 246;

worship of, restored by Ardeshîr, ii. 284

Ailoaios or Eloaeus, ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 69, 70

_n._ 2, 74 _n._ 3;

address to, ii. 73;

sphere of Venus, 74 _n._ 1

Akae, cryptographic name in _Book of Enoch_, i. 169, 170

Akinetos or Immovable, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Albigenses, successors of Manichaeans, ii. 357

Al-Bîrûnî, quoted, ii. 279, 280, 283, 284, 286 _n._ 1, 307

Alcibiades, goes to Susa, i. 7;

Adonis wailed for when Sicilian expedition of, sails, i. 16

Alcmaeon of Crotona, calls stars gods, i. 186 _n._ 2

Aldabeim, name of sun in Mag. Pap., ii. 46 _n._ 3

Aletheia, member of 1st Valentinian syzygy, ii. 98

Alexander of Abonoteichos, his impostures, i. 24;

comes to Rome under Marcus Aurelius, ii. 203

Alexander, King of Epirus, Asoka’s mission to, i. 20

Alexander the Great, his conquests hellenize Mediterranean Basin, i.

lviii;

the world before and after, i. 1 _sqq._;

greatest individual in history, i. 4, 12 _sqq._;

his aims and achievements, i. 5-8, 26-27;

his deification explained, i. 18;

religious associations follow conquests of, i. 22-26 _sqq._;

his work in Egypt, i. 29, 44;

his probable plans for universal religion, i. 30;

breaks down national barriers, i. 54, 107;

makes world-religions possible, i. 111;

his conduct towards Jews, i. 150;

re-settles Samaria, i. 177;

son of Zeus in serpent form, ii. 49;

his effect on cosmology and ethics, ii. 86;

consoled by Anaxarchus for death of Clitus, ii. 87.

_See_ India

Alexander, bishop of Lycopolis, quoted, ii. 294 _n._ 2, 295 _n._ 2.

Alexander Severus, the Emperor, gods in _lararium_ of, i. 82;

his success against Persians, ii. 226

Alexander the Valentinian, leader of Anatolic School, ii. 119

Alexandria, its foundation by Alexander, i. 5;

its importance not at first recognized, i. 28;

Sema of Alexander at, i. 30;

a Greek city, i. 44;

Serapeum of, i. 48, 51, 58 _n._ 1;

oracle of Serapis at, i. 77;

worship of Serapis at, i. 82 _n._ 2, 86;

destruction of temples at, by Theodosius, i. 83, 84;

Hadrian’s opinion of, i. 86;

early Gnostics start from, i. 111; ii. 8;

Orphics plentiful at, i. 156;

Simon Magus’ doctrines at, i. 198; ii. 89;

intellectual centre of Roman world, ii. 88;

Basilides teaches at, ii. 90

Alfenius Julianus Kumenius, _clarissimus_ and priest of Mithras, ii.

268

Allat, the goddess, Ereshkigal an epithet of, i. 100

Alleius Craeonius, author on magic, i. 105

Amazons, the story of, suggests bisexual deity, ii. 40

Ambrose of Milan, convert from Valentinianism, i. 112 _n._ 1; ii. 21

_n._ 5;

his date, ii. 132 _n._ 2

Amélineau, E., translates _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 13;

translates Bruce Papyrus, ii, 190;

his date for Bruce Papyrus, ii. 194;

quoted, ii. 178, 191, 192, 193, 195

Amen of Thebes, the god, father of Alexander, i. 18;

priesthood of, i. 23, 31 _sqq._;

Ptolemies raise temples to, i. 52

Amenhotep IV, King of Egypt, failure of monotheistic teaching of, i.

11;

priests of Amen crush heresy of, i. 31

Amens, the Three, powers mentioned in _P.S._, ii. 142;

and in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 193

Amens, the Seven, powers mentioned in _P.S._, ii. 141;

and in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 193

Amenti, the god called Lord of, i. 33;

Osiris the bull of, i. 45, 102;

Jesus the conqueror of, i. 102 _n._ 1;

a hell in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 182, 186;

horrors of Egyptian, ii. 196.

_See_ Aberamenthôu, Jesus, Khent-Amentit

Ameretât or Immortality, one of the Amshaspands, i. 181 _n._ 1; ii. 324

_n._ 4, 355.

_See_ Appellant and Respondent

Amitrochates, son of Chandragupta, his desire for Greek learning, i. 8

_n._ 3

Amon. _See_ Amen of Thebes

Amos, the Prophet, inspired by Ialdabaoth _ap._ Ophites, ii. 81 _n._ 2

Amshaspands, the Seven, and the Seven Planets, i. 117;

names of, i. 181, _n._ 1; ii. 103 _n._ 3;

likeness of, to “roots” of Simon Magus, ii. 103 _n._ 3;

and to Aeons of Valentinus, ii. 103 _n._ 3;

in Avesta, ii. 232;

absent from early Manichaeism, ii. 327 _n._ 4;

mention of, in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 330, 355

Anat, the goddess, assessor of Yahweh, ii. 32 _n._ 4

Anatolia, its religious peculiarities _temp._ Christ, ii. 28 _sqq._,

77;

its worship of double axe, 67 _n._ 3

Anaxarchus the Atomist philosopher, consoles Alexander after death of

Clitus, ii. 87

Ancient of Days, name of Valentinian Ialdabaoth, ii. 107 _n._ 2

Andrew the Apostle, Saint, name of, shows predilection of Jews for

Greek names, i. 173 _n._ 2;

mentioned in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 157

Anebo, letter of Porphyry to, for threats of Egyptian magicians to

gods, i. 104 _n._ 3

Angels, Essenes sworn to preserve the names of, i. 153, 157;

no names of, in _O.T._, until Daniel, i. 158;

rulers over tribes of demons, _ibid._;

sinning, cast into abyss of fire (Baruch), i. 165;

Ennoia produces world-making, _ap._ Simon M., i. 187;

patterns after which worlds made (Philo), i. 187 _n._ 3;

world to be freed from rule of, _ap._ Simon, i. 196;

Simonians say God of Jews one of world-making (Epiphanius), i. 199;

seven heavens are also, _ap._ Valentinians (Irenaeus), ii. 107 _n._

4;

are Logoi sent into soul by Jesus and Sophia, ii. 110;

souls after death, brides of, _ibid._;

terror of angels at speech of man (Valentinus), ii. 112 _n._ 3;

Archons of Adamas in _Texts of Saviour_ beget, ii, 152 _n._ 1;

Splenditenens and Atlas of Manichaeism, ii. 297, 298.

_See_ Enoch, Gabriel, Great Council, Michael, Tertullian

Annu or On, Egyptian name of Heliopolis and chief seat of worship of

Râ, i. 31

Anthesteria, ceremonies of, show resurrection and marriage of Dionysos,

i. 42

Anthropos, member of 3rd Valentinian syzygy, ii. 98

Antigonus Monophthalmos, King of Syria, his retort when hailed as a

god, i. 19;

Phrygia occupied alternately by him and Lysimachus, ii. 29

Antigonus Gonatas, King of Macedonia, mission of Asoka to, i. 20.

_See_ Tarn

Antinous, death of, fixes date of Hadrian’s letter to Servian, i. 86

_n._ 5

Antioch, worship of Serapis at, i. 35;

birthplace of Carpocrates, i. 111;

and of Saturninus, ii. 9, 89

Antiochus I Soter, King of Syria, mission of Asoka to, i. 20

Antiochus III the Great, King of Syria, seizes Palestine, i. 151;

transports Jewish families to Anatolia, ii. 28

Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria, attempts to hellenize Jews, i.

151, 156, 162, 163;

Book of Daniel written _temp._, i. 158;

caught between Romans and Parthians, i. 160;

his mystic antagonist Taxo, i. 170;

Samaritans accept reforms of, i. 177

_Antitheses_, the. _See_ Marcion

Antonines, the, Isis-worship at its apogee _temp._, i. 54, 81

Antoninus Pius, the Emperor, Simonians in Rome _temp._, i. 199

Anubis, the god, son of Osiris and Nephthys, i. 35;

tribal deity of jackal totem, i. 36;

his seeking for Osiris in Rome, i. 70;

in procession at Cenchreae, i. 72;

mask of, used as disguise, i. 78.

_See_ Marcus Volusius

Apelles, the Marcionite, his tenets, ii. 218

Apep, the serpent, enemy of the sun-god Ra, ii. 78

Aphrodite, the goddess, worshipped under other names by

confraternities, i. 25;

and Adonis, i. 37; ii. 31;

daughter of Zeus, i. 124 _n._ 3;

identified by Orphics with Isis and others, i. 137 _n._ 1;

Orphic hymn to, i. 142 _n._ 2;

called Cytheraea, i. 143;

the Mother of the Gods in Cyprus, ii. 40;

called Mother of All Living in Asia, ii. 135 _n._ 3;

on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238.

_See_ Venus

Apis, the “life” of Osiris, i. 32, 45, 49

_Apocalypse_ of St John, the, its date, ii. 26 _n._ 3;

quoted, i. 145 _n._ 1, 158, 169, 182 _n._ 4; ii. 4 _n._ 1, 25

Apocatastasis, return of the worlds to God, an Ophite doctrine, ii. 42,

57

Apollo, the god, his birthplace, i. 16;

identified with Horus, i. 48, 63;

his contempt for mankind, i. 57;

his place in Orphic legend, i. 125, 147;

on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238;

distinct from Helios, i. 240;

worship of, under Julian, i. 269

Apollonius of Tyana, image of, in Alexander Severus’ _lararium_, i. 82

_Apophasis_ of Simon Magus, the, described, i. 179;

quoted, i. 182, 188, 189, 193, 194; ii. 90 _n._ 5

Apostles, demand only faith from converts, i. lvii;

do not borrow from earlier creeds, i. 88;

their meeting with Simon Magus, i. 176, 177;

in _Clementines_, i. 178;

intolerance of, due to Jewish origin (Bouché-Leclercq), ii. 10;

souls of, in _P.S._ drawn from Treasure-house, ii. 137, 147

_Apostolical Constitutions_, their date, ii. 7 _n._ 2;

quoted, i. 87 _n._ 1; ii. 7 _nn._ 2, 3, 219 _n._ 2

Appellant and Respondent gods, the, in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 302 _n._ 1,

324, 343, 354, 355

Apuat, the god, “opener of the ways,” i. 33

Apuleius of Madaura, quoted, i. 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,

68, 71, 73-74, 75, 77, 86 _n._ 3, 101 _n._ 2

Aramati, the Vedic goddess, identified with Spenta Armaiti of the

Avesta, ii. 45 _n._ 1, 300 _n._ 2

Ararat or Ararad, Mt, Books of Jeû hidden in, ii. 147 _n._ 5

Arbela, Greek troops on Persian side at, i. 7;

Alexander’s pursuit after, i. 13

Arcadia, Eleusinian triad worshipped in, i. 135

Arcadius, the Emperor, Church dedicated to, in place of Serapeum, i. 84

_Archelai Acta._ _See_ Hegemonius

Archimedes, his calculation of places of stars sinful (Hippolytus), i.

112 _n._ 2

Architect of the Universe. _See_ Demiurge

Archon, the Great, of Basilides, the Demiurge, ii. 91;

likeness of, to Ialdabaoth, ii. 94

Archontics, the, a sect related to the Ophites, ii. 77

Arctinus of Miletus, first Greek author to mention purification, i. 121

_n._ 4

Arctos, the Great Bear, in Mithraism, ii. 266

_Arda viraf namak_, the, quoted, ii. 264 _n._ 5

Ardeshîr, the Shah, restorer of Persian nationality, ii. 226, 282;

his son Peroz converted to Manichaeism, ii. 281;

restores worship of Ahura Mazda, ii. 284

Ares, the god, identified with Roman Mars, i. 17;

Homeric or Orphic hymn to, i. 141 _n._ 2, 142 _n._ 2;

on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238

Argolis, the, Eleusinian triad worshipped in, i. 135

Ariel, a fiend in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 186

Arimaspi, the, fables concerning, i. 2 _n._ 1

Aristaeus, pro-Jewish writer, i. 173

Aristides. _See_ Aelius Aristides

Aristides, Christian apologist, ii. 203, 204 _n._ 1

Aristion, Athenian courtezan member of religious confraternity, i. 22

Aristophanes, quoted, i. 17 _n._ 1, 40 _n._ 4, 124, 137;

scholiast on, i. 17 _n._ 1

Aristotle, his monotheism, i. 10;

says that religion follows form of government, i. 12, 15;

that Orpheus did not exist, i. 121 _n._ 1

Armageddon, covers name of Rome, i. 170 _n._ 5

Armenia, Ophites in, ii. 76;

kings of, claim descent from Persian heroes, ii. 225 _n._ 1;

Marcionites and Bardesanites in, ii. 283;

invasion of, by Mihr Nerses, ii. 285

Arnobius, _adv. Gentes_, quoted, i. 124 _n._ 3; ii. 39 _nn._ 2, 4, 264

_n._ 5

Arrian, _Anabasis_, quoted, i. 4 _n._ 1

Arsaces, founder of Parthian kingdom, ii. 224

Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy Philadelphus, i. 18

Artapanus, _On the Jews_, quoted, i. 173

Artemis, the goddess, the Ephesian, i. lvi, 40;

birthplace of Greek, i. 16;

Indian worship of, i. 17;

Orthia, i. 100 _n._ 2;

priestesses of Ephesian, called bees, i. 143 _n._ 4;

Phrygian, ii. 67 _n._ 3;

on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238.

_See_ Diana

Aryans, their dealings with lower races, i. 3, 92

Asar-hapi, Osiris as Apis, i. 49

Asha Vashishta or Truth, the Amshaspand, i. 181 _n._ 1

Asia, before Alexander, i. 1;

made Greek by Alexander, i. 5;

rush of Greeks to, i. 7;

Greek spoken throughout, i. 8;

cruelty of Assyrian domination in, i. 12;

returns to Persian ways, ii. 225

Asia Minor, native religions of, i. lviii, 37, 126; ii. 29, 36, 49, 67

_n._ 3;

gods of, coalesce with Greek, i. 17;

home of Dionysos worship, i. 43 _n._ 3;

Alexandrian gods worshipped in, i. 53;

Vedic gods worshipped in, i. 122 _n._ 3;

Eleusinian gods worshipped in, i. 136;

Orphics in, i. 141, 156; ii. 236;

priestesses called bees in, i. 143 _n._ 4;

Jewish atrocities in, _temp._ Trajan, i. 173 _n._ 1;

Ophite heresy probably native to, ii. 26, 76;

Jewish settlements in, ii. 28;

Jewish magicians in, _temp._ Apostles, ii. 33;

matriarchate in, ii. 40;

Babylonian culture in, ii. 48;

serpent worship in, ii. 49, 77, 78;

reverts to Persian ways, ii. 225;

Mithraism in, ii. 229, 232, 268

Askew, Dr, sells _Pistis Sophia_ to British Museum, ii. 134

Asklepios or Aesculapius, the god, Alexander of Abonoteichos priest of,

i. 24;

Serapis statue that of, i. 48 _n._ 3, 78 _n._ 2;

identified with Serapis, i. 78, 87

Aso, the Ethiopian queen, enemy of Osiris, i. 33, 37 _n._ 1

Asoka, his missions to Greek kings, i. 20

Assur-bani-pal, King of Assyria, his library at Kuyunjik, i. 94, 114

Assyria, penitential psalms of, i. 115;

Jews tributary to, i. 160 _n._ 4

Assyrians, the, tyranny of, i. 3;

suzerains of Hebrews, i. 150;

name used for Syrians in Christian times, ii. 53 _n._ 4, 54 _n._ 6;

worship of Mylitta by (Herodotus), ii. 234

Astaphaios or Astaphaeus, ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 47;

name derived from magic (Origen), ii. 47, 48;

once called Astanpheus, ii. 47, 69 _n._

lord of third gate, ii. 70 _n._ 2, 73, 74 _n._ 3;

address to, ii. 73

Astarte, the goddess, worship of, brought into Greece, i. 17;

worshipped by Greek confraternity, i. 25;

Phoenician form of earth goddess, i. 126;

dove, totem-animal of, ii. 135 _n._ 3;

_Mater Viventium_, _ibid._

Astrampsuchos, name of Roman writer on magic, i. 107;

name of celestial guard in Bruce Papyrus, i. 107 _n._ 1;

power worshipped by the Peratae, _ibid._

Astrology, origin of, in Chaldaea, i. 113;

fundamental idea of, i. 114;

system of correspondences results from, i. 115, 116;

impulse given to, by Greek mathematics, i. 116, 117;

all religions in Graeco-Roman world take note of, i. 117, 118;

gives new life to Gnosticism, i. 119;

Ophites mix astrological ideas with Orphic teaching, ii. 78;

first prominent in Gnosticism in _Excerpta Theodoti_, ii. 158 _n._ 1;

its great vogue in Rome under Severi, _ibid._;

reprobated in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 185;

part of scheme of punishments and salvation in _Texts of Saviour_,

ii. 185 _n._ 2;

its importance in Mithraism, ii. 235, 276.

_See_ Babylonia

Atargatis or _Dea Syria_, favourite deity of Nero, ii. 31;

her Anatolian name and identification with other goddesses, ii. 31

_n._ 1;

homonym of Derketo (Garstang), ii. 40 _n._ 1;

her identity with the Mother of the Gods, ii. 299 _n._ 1;

Manichaean Mother of Life derived from, ii. 300 _n._ 2

Athamas the Pythagorean, his doctrine of “roots,” i. 197

Athanasius, Saint, creed of, i. 89

Athena, the goddess, identified with Minerva, i. 17;

her part in Eleusinian Mysteries, i. 39;

the Homeric, i. 57, 95, 124 _n._ 3;

statue of Helena of Tyre as, i. 198;

on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238.

_See_ Minerva, Pallas

Athenagoras, quoted, i. lvii _n._ 1, 63 _n._ 5, 64 _n._ 3; ii. 18 _n._

2

Athens, foreign worships in, i. 16, 17 _n._ 1, 137;

accepts deification of Alexander, i. 18;

gathering in, for Eleusinian Mysteries, i. 38-41;

Alexandrian religion in, i. 52, 76;

Orphic myths brought into, by Epimenides, i, 121;

Orphic gold plates in Museum at, i. 132

Athos Mt, _Philosophumena_ discovered at, ii. 11

Atlas. _See_ Corybas, Omophorus

Attis or Atys, the god, his worship brought into Greece, i. 17, 136;

his legend, i. 37; ii. 39;

identified with Sun, i. 118;

and with Dionysos, Adonis and Osiris, i. 137 _n._ 1, 145; ii. 17;

and with Sabazius, i. 138, 139;

androgyne, i. 185;

Gnostics attend mysteries of, ii. 21;

Phrygia, home of worship of, ii. 28, 67 _n._ 3;

to Ophites, type of world-soul, ii. 65 _n._ 3

Augustine of Hippo, Saint, convert from Manichaeism, i. 112 _n._ 1;

well informed about Manichaeans, ii. 352;

quoted, i. 103 _n._ 4; ii. 10 _n._ 1, 12 _n._ 4, 25, 261, 298 _n._ 1,

317, 319, 331, 332, 343, 346, 349 _n._ 4, 350

Augustus, the Emperor, Samaria’s capital named Sebaste in honour of, i.

177;

Galatians become Roman _temp._, ii. 28;

Parthians’ terror of (Horace), ii. 225

Aurelian, the Emperor, his worship of sun-god, i. 119 _n._ 1; ii. 228;

position of Christianity under, ii. 23;

restores Roman arms in the East, ii. 226;

gives up Dacia to Goths, ii. 271

Authades, the Proud God of the _Pistis Sophia_, last member of Triad of

the Left, ii. 151;

his disobedience, ii. 152;

his envy of Pistis Sophia, ii. 155;

sends demon in shape of flying arrow, ii. 156;

his place given to Pistis Sophia, ii. 162

Autogenes, power mentioned in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 192

Autophyes or Self-produced, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Avebury, Lord, quoted, i. 91, 99 _n._ 1

Avesta, the Zend, Seven Amshaspands of, i. 117;

emanation doctrine in, ii. 35;

First Man in, ii. 38 _n._ 3;

Supreme Being in, ii. 231;

Ormuzd and Ahriman in, ii. 236;

bull Goshurun in, ii. 243;

denounces magic, ii. 275 _n._ 2;

doubtful about eternity of evil, ii. 289;

quoted, ii. 310, 311.

Avidius Cassius, his victories over Parthians, ii. 225.

Axe, Double. _See_ Bacchus, Caria, Crete, Cybele, Cyranides, Labrys,

Mycenae, Ramsay, Simon Magus

Axionicus the Valentinian, member of Anatolic School, ii. 119

Azrua, name of God of Light in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 323, 341, 342.

_See_ Zervan

Baalzephon, name in magic spell, i. 106 _n._ 4

Babylon, break up of priesthoods of, i. 122;

rich Jews remain in, after captivity, i. 172;

Jewish families from, transported to Phrygia, ii. 28;

its site marked by Hilleh, ii. 33;

Jewish taste for cryptograms derived from, ii. 35

Babylonia, Zoroastrian borrowings from, i. lxi;

original home of Dying God, i. 38 _n._ 1;

relics of Sumerian beliefs in, i. 100;

astral theory originates in, i. 115 _n._ 1, 116;

and primaeval deep theory, ii. 36;

and Western astrology, ii. 235

Babylonians, astronomy of, i. 114;

isopsephism first used by, i. 69 _n._ 3;

figure earth like boat, ii. 48;

think sky a rocky vault, ii. 249

Bacchanals, orgies of, from Thrace, i. 136

Bacchus, concealed object in Corybantic rites of, i. 73 _n._ 1;

Mithraic dignitary Chief Herdsman of, i. 83;

Orphic initiate called, i. 128;

identified with Attis, Adonis, Osiris, etc., i. 139 _n._ 1;

Orphic hymns to, i. 142 _nn._ 2, 5, 143;

wine called, i. 168;

and worship of double axe, ii. 67 _n._ 3.

_See_ Dionysos

Bacchylides, quoted, i. 40 _n._ 1

Bactria, home of Roxana, i. 5;

tale of Possessed Princess of, i. 10;

Alexander’s massacres in, i. 13;

its struggles against Alexander, i. 28;

Buddhism and Zoroastrianism in, ii. 283

Bahram. _See_ Varanes.

Baillet, M. Auguste, quoted, i. 65

Baluchistan, included in Persian Empire, i. 1

Ban or Laban, the Great, a power mentioned by Bar Khôni, ii. 324

Banquet, the, Valentinian wedding of souls, ii. 111;

scene in Mithraic monuments, ii. 247

Baptism, used by Ophites, ii. 61;

teaching of Primitive Church as to, ii. 168;

subverts influence of stars (Theodotus), ii. 115 _n._ 3;

Marcus adds Hebrew exorcisms to, ii. 129, 189 _n._ 1;

one of the Mysteries in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 169;

postponed until death by married Marcionites, ii. 215, 221;

Mithraists use total immersion in, ii. 260.

_See_ Oblation, Dead

Barbeliotae, Barbelitae or Borboriani, apparently an Ophite sect, ii.

27 _n._ 1;

described by Irenaeus, ii. 77, 138 _n._ 1;

identified with Naassenes and called Simonians (Irenaeus), ii. 138

_n._ 1

Barbelo, mother of Pistis Sophia, ii. 74 _n._ 1;

names and place of, ii. 138 _n._ 1, 151 _n._ 4;

Jesus in _Pistis Sophia_ takes material body from, ii. 151, 179;

in _P.S._ consort of Great Propator, ii. 150, 155;

mentioned in _Texts of Saviour_ as mother of Pistis Sophia, ii. 186

Barcochebas, Bar Cochba or Bar Coziba, the Jewish Messiah called

Monogenes, i. 124 _n._ 3

Bardesanes or Bar Daisan the Valentinian, ii. 119;

his life, ii. 120;

protected by King of Edessa, ii. 132;

borrows from Zoroaster (Al-Bîrûnî), ii. 214 _n._ 2;

Manes knows doctrines of, ii. 280, 290 _n._ 4;

his doctrines enter Persia, ii. 283

Barnabas, hailed as Zeus, i. 191 _n._ 3; ii. 42;

with Paul summarizes Hebrew history for Phrygians, ii. 53 _n._ 2;

_Epistle of_, quoted, ii. 166 _n._ 2

Barpharanges, magic word used in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 192

Baruch, Apocalyptic literature attributed to, i. 163, 164;

_Book of_, used by Ophites, ii. 79;

_Apocalypse of_, quoted, ii. 257

Basilides, the heresiarch, a Jew (Neander), ii. 9 _n._ 1;

says body of Jesus a phantasm, ii. 16, 17;

contemporary with Carpocrates, ii. 27 _n._ 3;

disciple of Menander, ii. 89;

his teaching, ii. 89 _sqq._;

his doctrine, comes through Matthias, ii. 90;

his borrowings from Egyptian religion, ii. 92;

his followers go over to Valentinus, ii. 93;

his relations with Buddhism, ii. 96;

words of, repeated in _Texts of Saviour_, 189;

quoted, ii. 172.

_See_ Buddhism

Basilidians, their relative date, ii. 25 _n._ 5

Baubo, the goddess, a form of Persephone, i. 100

Baur, F. C., of Tübingen, says Simon Magus is St Paul, i. 179 _n._ 3

Beast, Number of. _See_ Number

Bedouins, introduce horse into Egypt, i. 36

Beelzebub, Beelzebud, or Beelzebuth, chief of demons in Valentinian

system, ii. 108;

his name a parody of Jabezebuth, ii. 108 _n._ 1;

Lord of Chaos, ii. 109;

his possible place in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 163

Behemoth (animals), in Diagram, ii. 71

Bel, the god, his fight with Tiamat, ii. 44 _n._ 3;

reappears in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 295 _n._ 2

Belisarius, his victories over Persians, ii. 226

Bellerophon, appears in procession of Isis at Cenchreae, i. 71

Bellona, the goddess, identified with Isis, i. 56.

_See_ Ma

Bendis, the moon-goddess of Thrace, i. 16;

identified with Persephone, i. 137

Bêqâ, cryptogram for Tetragrammaton, i. 169, 170

Berossos or Berossus, legend about Zervan attributed to, i. lx;

our indebtedness to, i. 9;

quotes instance of isopsephism from Babylonians, i. 169 _n._ 3

Bes, the god, dance of, on Herculaneum fresco, i. 69 _n._ 1

Bethel, the god, assessor of Yahweh at Elephantine, ii. 32 _n._ 4

Bhils, sorcerers to higher races, i. 92

Bissing, Freiherr von, quoted, i. 68 _n._ 1, 69 _n._ 1.

_See_ Herculaneum

Bithynia, seat of Glycon worship, i. 24;

inscriptions from, i. 55 _n._ 3;

Ophite colleges in, in 5th cent. A.D., ii. 77

Boeotia, native country of Dionysos, i. 52;

Orphic teaching in, i. 135;

worship of Bacchus comes from Thrace to, i. 136

Boghaz-keui, Vedic gods worshipped at, i. lxii _n._ 2, 122 _n._ 3; ii.

231

Bogomiles, successors of Manichaeans, ii. 357

Bologna, Mithraic group at, ii. 238 _n._ 2

_Book of the Dead._ _See_ Dead

Borboriani. _See_ Barbeliotae

Bosphorus, Isis-worship at Thracian, i. 53

Bouché-Leclercq, M. A., thinks Timotheos and Manetho only typical

names, i. 44 _n._ 1;

and Bryaxis’ statue that of Asklepios, i. 48 _n._ 3;

says Apostolic and sub-Apostolic intolerance for heresy due to Jewish

nationality, ii. 10;

quoted, i. 14 _n._ 3, 27 _n._ 1, 28 _nn._ 1, 2, 29 _nn._ 1, 3, 30

_nn._ 2, 3, 44 _nn._ 1, 2, 48 _n._ 3, 52 _n._ 1, 55 _n._ 1, 78

_n._ 2, 80 _n._ 1, 87 _n._ 2; ii. 10 _n._ 2, 257 _n._ 5

Brimo, name given to Demeter in Mysteries, i. 124 _n._ 3

Bruce Papyrus, thaumaturgic sacraments in, i. 87 _n._ 1; ii. 63 _n._ 1,

172 _n._ 3; 183 _n._ 1, 193;

Astrampsuchos, name of “guard” in, i. 107 _n._ 1;

creation from indivisible point, i. 194 _n._ 3; ii. 90 _n._ 5;

discovery of, by Bruce, ii. 13, 189;

its god Sitheus, ii. 76 _n._ 4;

its addiction to astrology, ii. 158 _n._ 1;

describes higher worlds than _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 161 _n._ 2;

makes matter non-existent, ii. 161 _n._ 3;

pictures like those in, perhaps referred to in _P.S._, ii. 180 _n._

2;

author of, acquainted with story of Iabraoth, ii. 182 _n._ 2;

variety of documents in, ii. 189, 190;

links of, with _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 193;

with _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 194;

probable date of, _ibid._;

quoted, ii. 191, 195

Bryaxis, his statue of Serapis, i. 48, 49, 78 _n._ 2, 84

Buda-Pesth, altars to Ahriman found at, ii. 239

Buddha, Mani teaches divine mission of, i. lviii; ii. 316;

Greek statues of, in India, i. 8;

called Terebinthus, ii. 285;

first mentioned in Greek by Clem. Alex., ii. 286

Buddhas, Cave of the Thousand, MS. found in, ii. 352.

_See_ Tun-huang

Buddhism, study of, i. li;

its slow growth in India, i. 20;

unknown to Onomacritos, i. 135 _n._ 1;

its dates, i. 156 _n._ 1; ii. 283;

Basilides’ supposed borrowings from, ii. 96;

in Bactria, ii. 283;

Manichaean borrowings from, ii. 313, 340, 346;

its toleration of Manichaeans, ii. 357.

Budge, Dr E. A. T. Wallis, quoted, i. 31 _n._ 1, 32 _nn._ 3, 4, 33

_nn._ 1, 2, 35 _n._ 1, 38 _n._ 2, 61 _n._ 1, 88 _n._ 2, 126 _n._ 3,

182 _n._ 6; ii. 49 _n._ 3, 72 _n._ 3, 121 _n._ 3, 154 _n._ 3, 184

_n._ 3, 293 _n._ 1

Bulgaria, Manichaeans settled in, ii. 357

_Bundahish_, the, quoted, i. 126 _n._ 3, 134 _n._ 1; ii. 246, 254

Burkhans, divine messengers in Manichaeism, ii. 336, 339, 341.

_See_ Shapurakhan

Bury, Prof. J. B., quoted, i. 86

Buto, the city of Isis, i. 34

Byblus in Phoenicia, body of Osiris washed ashore at, i. 34

Bythios or Deep, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Bythos, Supreme God of Ophites, ii. 37, 39;

Supreme God of Valentinus, ii. 96, 97;

his consort, _ibid._;

identified with Ineffable of _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 144;

resembles Ahura Mazda, ii. 232

Byzantium, birthplace of Theodotus, ii. 9

Cabala, the Jewish, system of correspondences in, i. 115;

its Mystery of Chariot and Mystery of Creation, i. 157;

processes of “Practical,” i. 158 _n._ 1, 170 _nn._ 2, 5;

its system of Sephiroth, i. 202;

Marcus uses system like that of, ii. 9 _n._ 1;

indicated in Talmud, ii. 35;

likeness of, to Gnosticism, ii. 36 _n._ 1;

its Adam Cadmon or First Man, ii. 52 _n._ 1;

Ophite stories of protoplasts revived in, ii. 53

Cabiri of Samothrace, Hermes in worship of, i. 99;

mentioned in Hymn to Attis, ii. 54

Cabul, importance of, foreseen by Alexander, i. 5

Caecilia Secundina, name on Orphic gold plate, i. 133, 169 _n._ 1

Cain, Ophite story of, ii. 52;

Manichaean story of, ii. 303;

in neo-Manichaeism father of Wisdom and Pleasure, _ibid._

Cainites, an Ophite sect, ii. 27, 77

Calabria, Orphic gold plates found at, i. 131

Callias, Torchbearer at Mysteries of Eleusis, i. 76, ii. 87 _n._ 3

Callinicum, Valentinian conventicle at, burned by orthodox, ii. 96

Callisthenes, life of Alexander attributed to, i. 18 _n._ 1

Calvin, John, founder of sect, i. 54; ii. 19

Cambyses, Shah of Persia, conquers Egypt, i. 28;

in Behistun inscription, ii. 233

Campus Martius, Isiac temple in, i. 53;

death of Simon Magus in, i. 178

Candahar, named after Alexander, i. 5

Canidia or Gratidia, witch of Horace’s _Epodes_, i. 108

Canopus, decrees of, i. 52 _n._ 1;

sanctuary of Isis at, i. 86 _n._ 1

Cappadocia, Kings of, claim descent from Persian heroes, ii. 225 _n._ 1

Capua, inscription to Isis found at, i. 75 _n._ 2

Caria, worship of double axe in, ii. 67 _n._ 3

Carpocrates the heresiarch, magic rites attributed to, i. 111;

called first of Gnostics, ii. 27

Carthage, outside Persian Empire, i. 1;

Alexander’s plans concerning, i. 6;

Roman conquest of, i. 15; ii. 227

Carus, the Emperor, his victories over Persians, ii. 226

Cassander, patron of Euhemerus, i. 19

Caulacau, mystic name common to Ophites and Basilidians, ii. 94

Cautes and Cautopates, torch-bearers of Mithras, ii. 245, 246, 247

Celeus, legendary King of Eleusis, i. 40, 41

Celsus the Epicurean, quoted, i. lvii, 73, 200; ii. 66, 67, 69

Cenchreae, Isiac festival at, described, i. 71

Cephisus, the, bridge over, its part in Eleusinian procession, i. 39

Cerberus, resemblance of triple monster of Serapis to, i. 49

Cerdo the heresiarch, teaches at Rome, ii. 9;

his doctrines, ii. 205

Ceres, god of Nature as Earth _ap._ Cicero, i. lvi;

identified with Isis by Apuleius, i. 56.

_See_ Demeter

Cerinthus the heresiarch, opponent of St John, ii. 9 _n._ 1;

sent to have been pupil of Philo, _ibid._

Chaeremon, says Egyptian magician threatens gods, i. 104 _n._ 3

Chaldaea, birthplace of astrology, i. 113;

captivity of Jews in, i. 150;

Jews tributaries to, i. 160 _n._ 4

Chaldaeans, oppressive rule of, i. 3;

suzerains of Jews, i. 150;

their influence on Mithraism, ii. 241

Chalmers, Thomas, founder of sect, ii. 19

Chandragupta or Sandracottus, father of Amitrochates, i. 8 _n._ 3;

grandfather of Asoka, i. 20

Chaos, child of Orphic Chronos, i. 123;

known to Aristophanes, i. 124;

egg formed from, i. 123, 144;

Ialdabaoth and, ii. 46 _n._ 3, 155;

Valentinians make Beelzebub ruler of, ii. 109;

Pistis Sophia raised from, ii. 156;

Pistis Sophia’s descent into, ii. 156, 162;

_Pistis Sophia_ does not describe, ii. 163;

described in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 182, 186

Charcot, Dr, his hypnotic experiments at Salpêtrière, i. 110

Charles, Dr R. H., quoted, i. 159 _n._ 1, 160, 161, 165, 166, 167, 168,

169, 170; ii. 60 _n._ 1

Charmôn, receiver of Ariel in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 186

Chavannes, Ed. M., translates _Traité Manichéen_, ii. 352.

See Pelliot, _Tun-huang MS._

China, Manichaean documents discovered in, i. lix;

Manichaeans in, ii. 357

Chinese, their god Thian, i. 73 _n._ 4

Chinvat, the Bridge, in Zoroastrianism, ii. 110 _n._ 2, 311

Chosroes, the Shah, his defeat by Heraclius, ii. 227

Christ, Manes tries to include religion of, in his own, i. lviii;

statue of, in Alexander Severus’ _lararium_, i. 82;

bishops of, worship Serapis _ap._ Hadrian, i. 86;

name of, has hidden meaning (Justin Martyr), i. 170 _n._ 5;

“heresies before the Coming of,” ii. 25;

angel of Great Council, ii. 43;

Ophite Sophia makes Prophets prophesy of, ii. 53, 59;

descent of Ophite, through seven heavens, ii. 59;

Ophite Christ raises Jesus after Crucifixion, ii. 60;

Ophites turn figure of, from teacher to messenger, ii. 82;

Saturninus says He was sent to destroy Judaism, ii. 89;

of Basilides makes Him son of Great Archon, ii. 91;

ascension of, imitated on Mithraic monuments, ii. 248.

_See_ Archon Jesus

Christianity, importance of study of its origins, i. xlix;

dislike of its comparative study, i. li, liv;

inspirational view of its history, i. liii;

Judaism not its rival, i. liv;

early competitors with, i. lv-lviii;

spread of Greek language favours, i. 9;

Alexander the Great’s services to, i. 27;

its rise brings about decline of Alexandrian religion, i. 81;

Isis-worshippers converted to, _en bloc_, i. 84;

its cardinal tenets preserved at Reformation, i. 88;

said to be mere episode in history of Gnosticism, i. 111;

most bitter enemy of Gnosticism, i. 112, 120; ii. 23, 359 _sqq._;

system of correspondences and, i. 115;

its concessions to Sun-worshippers, i. 118;

Gnosticism does not compete with, until IInd cent., ii. 2;

state does not at first persecute, ii. 7;

lower classes in Egypt first converts to, ii. 8 _n._ 5, 89 _n._ 1;

never Judaeo-Christian in Egypt, ii. 9 _n._ 1, 131;

wars against Hellenistic culture, ii. 10;

accuses sects of obscene rites, ii. 18;

converts wealthy and learned Gnostics, ii. 21;

persecutes Gnostics, ii. 23;

Ophites earlier than, ii. 26;

its relations with Ophites in post-Christian times, ii. 56, 82;

history of Egyptian, obscure, ii. 200;

attraction of Rome for innovators on, ii. 203;

Marcion’s attempt to reform, fruitless, ii. 222;

Manes’ imperfect acquaintance with, ii. 280;

shares with Mithraism devotion of legions, ii. 283;

compromises of Manichaeism with, ii. 317, 319, 320, 339, 350, 351;

Manichaeism really opposed to, ii. 318, 357;

relations of neo-Manichaeism with, ii. 339;

obligations of, to rivals, ii. 360;

triumph of, ii. 361

Christians, political, not religious, offenders against Roman state, i.

lvi;

expect catastrophes at destruction of Serapeum, i. 84;

said to worship Serapis (Hadrian), i. 86;

formulate doctrine of Trinity, i. 89 _n._ 2;

accusations of immorality by and against, i. 179;

considered Jews until reign of Vespasian, ii. 4;

say old world passing away, ii. 5;

proscribe heretical writings, ii. 12;

apostolic, uneducated men, ii. 83 _n._ 1;

obliged to recognize Greek philosophy, ii. 88;

good position of, in Alexandria, ii. 94;

belief of, early, as to Eucharist, ii. 171;

oriental, flock into Rome under Hadrian, ii. 203;

use of “Brother” and “Father” by, ii. 261;

extinguish Mithraism before other heathen religions, ii. 272;

condemned by Manichaeans for adherence to Old Testament, ii. 315;

Manichaeans not, ii. 318, 350;

Manichaeans confused with, by Chinese, ii. 357;

Julian repairs heathen temples at cost of, ii. 358

Christos the Ophite, Third Man in Ophite system, ii. 42, 59;

drawn up with his mother into incorruptible aeon, ii. 43;

springs from right side of First Woman, ii. 46;

angel or messenger of triune Deity, ii. 54, 63, 64, 65;

his two visits to earth, ii. 59;

descends with Sophia into Jesus, ii. 60, 61, 79;

brings Mysteries to earth, ii. 65;

represented by yellow circle in Diagram, ii. 68;

likeness of Third Sonhood of Basilides to, ii. 94

Christos, the Valentinian, projected by Nous and Aletheia, ii. 105;

draws Sophia within the Pleroma, ii. 105, 114;

prayer of Sophia Without to, and its result, ii. 106;

Marcus’ juggling with name of, ii. 129;

consents to projection of Jesus the Great Fruit of Pleroma, ii. 159

_n._ 3

Chronos, First Being of Orphics, i. 123; ii. 236

Church, the Catholic, early dislike of, for science of religion, i.

liv;

destroys traces of religions which she supersedes, i. lix;

likeness of Alexandrian festivals to those of, i. 75;

Alexandrian clergy divided into seculars and regulars like that of,

i. 79;

preserves or revives features of Isis-worship, i. 84;

worship of Virgin introduced into, at destruction of Serapeum, i. 85;

celebration of Eucharist in, _temp._ Justin, i. 87 _n._ 1;

Simon Magus’ aerial flight the tradition of, i. 178;

resemblance of Gnostic sects to Protestant bodies outside, ii. 19;

Protestant opponents of, lean to Unitarianism, ii. 20;

most Gnostics eventually join, ii. 21;

makes no great conquests after suppressing Gnosticism, ii. 23, 24;

begins to define and enforce orthodoxy, ii. 77;

Valentinus first serious competitor of, ii. 93;

Valentinian houses of prayer confiscated for use of, ii. 96;

accuses Valentinus of polytheism, ii. 100;

Valentinus expects to become bishop of (Tertullian), ii. 117;

Valentinus member of, in papacy of Eleutherus, ii. 121;

Valentinus never hostile to, ii. 125;

seduction scandals not unknown in, ii. 129;

growing power of, before Constantine, ii. 132;

Valentinianism good recruiting-ground for, ii. 133;

Christology of _Pistis Sophia_ not different from that of, ii. 144;

Mysteries of the Light of _P.S._ probably sacraments of, ii. 173;

modifies her eschatology and ritual, ii. 201;

Marcion claimed as first reformer of, ii. 207;

Marcion rejects most traditions of, ii. 214;

Marcionite dated inscription earlier than any of, ii. 216;

Apelles nearer to doctrine of, than Marcion, ii. 219;

Arian controversy brings speculations about Divine Nature within, ii.

221;

priests of Mithras not like those of, ii. 273;

Manichaeans worst European enemies of, ii. 357;

Constantine’s accession leads to forcible suppression of heathenism

by, ii. 358

Church, the Manichaean, its predestinarian teaching, ii. 309;

consists of Perfects and Superiors only, ii. 313;

its _magistri_, ii. 328 _n._ 1;

its constitution, ii. 330;

its schisms, ii. 342;

its suppression and revival, ii. 356, 357

Church, the Primitive, its miracles, i. li; ii. 361;

its rivals, i. lvii, lxii;

its germ in Greek religious confraternities, i. 21;

its borrowings from Alexandrian religion, i. 84, 85;

its fundamental doctrines not borrowed, i. 88;

its heresies, i. 119;

its belief as to martyrdom, i. 145 _n._ 1; ii. 127;

its community of goods, i. 162;

its angelology, i. 201;

its proselytizing zeal, ii. 2, 8;

its tradition as to early Gnostics, ii. 8, 9;

its destruction of Gnostic books, ii. 12;

Asiatic Celts great source of heresy in, ii. 29;

acrostics and word-puzzles used by, ii. 35;

Ophites attend services of, ii. 63;

Ophites connect sacraments of, with heathen mysteries, ii. 82;

Trinitarian views of, ii. 121;

Valentinians attend services of, ii. 125;

baptismal theories of, ii. 168;

Eucharistic theories of, ii. 172;

Gnosticism both danger and help to, ii. 202;

Marcion’s relation to, ii. 204 _sqq._;

addiction of, to visions of prophets, ii. 219;

Fathers say Mithraists copy its sacraments, ii. 247, 260;

its alliance with Constantine, ii. 261, 271

Cicero, quoted, i. lvi, lvii _n._ 1, 129; ii. 32

Cilicia, settlement of Persians in, ii. 229

Circus Maximus, resort of vagabond magicians, _temp._ Tiberius, i. 108

Claudius I, the Emperor, no Christian converts of rank in reign of

(Julian), ii. 8 _n._ 5

Claudius II, the Emperor, cannot expel Goths from Dacia, ii. 271

Cleanthes of Assos, Ophite silence as to, ii. 83

Clement of Alexandria, accused of heresy, ii. 14 _n._ 1;

initiated into heathen mysteries, ii. 21 _n._ 3;

his fairness to Gnostics, ii. 76 _n._ 2, 95 _n._ 2, 199;

says angels dwelling in soul, Platonic, ii. 110 _n._ 1;

first Greek author to mention Buddha, ii. 286 _n._ 4;

quoted, i. 40 _n._ 1, 47 _n._ 3, 61 _n._ 1, 73 _n._ 1, 89 _n._ 2, 122

_n._ 2, 124 _n._ 3, 125 _n._ 1, 127 _n._ 1, 142 _n._ 4, 184 _n._

3, 186 _nn._ 2, 3, 190 _n._ 1, 194 _n._ 1; ii. 14, 20 _n._ 1, 37

_n._ 1, 39 _n._ 4, 45 _n._ 1, 50 _n._ 2, 65 _n._ 3, 88 _n._ 3, 93

_n._ 4, 95 _n._ 2, 100 _nn._ 2-6, 101 _n._ 2, 106 _n._ 3, 110 _n._

1, 112 _n._ 3, 113 _n._ 1, 118, 119, 122 _n._ 1, 125 _n._ 3, 129

_n._ 3, 135 _n._ 3, 140 _n._ 2, 144 _n._ 1, 177 _n._ 4, 188, 205

_n._ 5, 219 _n._ 2, 239 _n._ 6, 286 _n._ 4.

_See Theodoti, Excerpta_

Clement of Rome, quoted, i. 8 _n._ 2; ii. 65 _n._ 3

_Clementines_, the, a religious romance, i. 178;

Tübingen theory as to, i. 179;

quoted, i. 158 _n._ 4, 178, 181 _n._ 3, 182 _nn._ 3, 6, 198; ii. 4

_n._ 1, 82 _n._ 2, 219 _n._ 2

Cleomenes, Satrap of Egypt under Alexander, i. 29

Cleopatra, last of Ptolemies, i. 30

Clitus, death of, i. 13

Coddiani, an Ophite sect, ii. 27 _n._ 1

Colarbasus, confusion as to name of, ii. 20 _n._ 1.

_See_ Marcus

Commagene, favourite recruiting-ground of legions, ii. 229

Commodus, the Emperor, appears in procession of Isis, i. 54;

defiles temple of Mithras with real murder, ii. 262;

initiated into Mysteries of Mithras, ii. 270

Confessors. _See_ Martyrs

Confraternities, religious, among pre-Christian Greeks, i. 21;

hymns composed by, i. 21 _n._ 1;

frequented by courtezans, i. 22;

superstitious practices of, i. 23;

contrast between Persian and Egyptian priests and those of Greek, i.

25;

propaganda of, i. 26;

Alexandrian religion first spread by, i. 52, 77;

Greek Orphics not formed into, i. 139 _n._ 3, 141;

secret, among Jews, _temp._ Christ, i. 175

Conington, Prof. John, his version of Hymn of Great Mysteries, quoted,

ii. 54

Constantine, the Emperor, his pact with the Church, i. lvii, lxii; ii.

9, 12, 261, 271;

his edict as to heresy, i. lix _n._ 1; ii. 359;

his conversion leaves Alexandrian religion still powerful, i. 83;

many Simonians in reign of, i. 200;

only baptized on his deathbed, ii. 168 _n._ 6;

his conversion enables Christians to suppress Gnosticism, ii. 199;

and puts stop to spread of Marcionism, ii. 220;

his failure against Persians, ii. 226;

his family religion Sun-worship, ii. 261;

his enquiry into Manichaeism, ii. 355;

persecution of Manichaeans slackens in reign of, ii. 356

Copernicus, i. 117

Corbicius or Kubrik, name of Manes in Christian tradition, ii. 279, 286

Corbulo, his wars with Persians, ii. 225

Cora or Kore, inseparable from Demeter, i. 127 _n._ 3; ii. 45 _n._ 1;

called Mise at Pergamum, i. 143 _n._ 1.

_See_ Persephone, Proserpine

Correspondences, doctrine of, i. 115 _sqq._;

in system of Simon Magus, i. 183;

in that of Ophites, ii. 75;

in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 191 _n._ 2.

_See_ Maspero

Corybantes, the, hide _pudendum_ of Bacchus in box, i. 73 _n._ 1

Corybas, identified with Attis, i. 139 _n._ 1

Cosmocrator, epithet of Valentinian Devil, ii. 108, 256

Courdaveaux, M. Victor, quoted, ii. 14 _n._ 1, 122.

_See_ Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian

Crassus, his defeat by Persians, i. 8; ii. 225

Cretans, call Isis, Diana Dictynna, i. 56

Crete, birthplace of Zeus, i. 16;

and of Zagreus, i. 37;

scene of Rape of Persephone, i. 40 _n._ 1;

Orphic myths early known in, i. 121, 122;

Orphic gold plates found in, i. 131;

Great Goddess of Asia worshipped in, ii. 45 _n._ 1;

double axe in, ii. 67 _n._ 3;

Ophites in, ii. 77

Creuzer, Georg Fritz, quoted, i. 130 _n._ 1

Cross, the. _See_ Stauros; Eli, Eli

Crucifixion, the, in appearance only _ap._ Basilides, ii. 17;

and _ap._ Manichaeans, ii. 320;

_Gospel of Nicodemus_ confirms Gospel account of, ii. 79;

Valentinian teaching on, ii. 116;

Jesus teaches for 20 years after (Irenaeus), ii. 61 _n._ 1;

for 12 (Pistis Sophia and Bruce Papyrus), ii. 194.

_See_ Simon of Cyrene

Cruice, the Abbé, quoted, i. 180 _n._ 4

Cryptogram. _See_ Akae, Armageddon, Bega, _Pistis Sophia_, Taxo

Cumont, Prof. Franz, his work on Mithras described, ii. 236;

quoted, i. 22, 119; ii. 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244,

245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258,

259, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 274, 277,

289 _n._ 3, 293 _nn._ 1, 2, 294 _n._ 2, 295 _n._ 2, 298 _n._ 1,

299 _n._ 1, 302 _n._ 1, 304 _n._ 1, 319 _n._ 1, 321, 322 _n._ 2,

323 _n._ 2, 324 _n._ 4, 327 _nn._ 1, 4, 328 _nn._ 2, 3, 329 _n._

2, 332 _n._ 2, 348 _n._ 2

Curetes, the, their connection with Orphism, i. 128, 142 _n._ 2;

and with Attis, i. 139 _n._ 1

Cybele, her worship in Athenian associations, i. 17, 25;

her legend in Asia Minor, i. 37;

identified with Isis, i. 55, 56;

and with Demeter and Rhea, i. 124, 126;

the Mother of the Gods, i. 136;

Sabazius her son, i. 137;

feminine form of Dionysos, i. 137 _n._ 1;

in Orphic hymns, 139 _n._ 1, 143;

Phrygia chief seat of worship of, ii. 28;

her eunuch-priests, ii. 30 _n._ 3;

alluded to in Jeremiah, ii. 32;

called Agdistis, ii. 39;

identified with Ma, Artemis, Aphrodite, etc., ii. 39, 40;

always an earth-goddess, ii. 45 _n._ 1;

associated with double axe, ii. 67 _n._ 3;

her connection with Mithras, ii. 258;

adored by Julian, ii. 269;

worshipped in Manichaeism as Mother of Life, ii. 300 _n._ 1

Cylon, Athens purified for murder of, i. 121

Cypriotes, the, call Isis, Venus, i. 56

Cyprus, Adonis worship in, i. 37; ii. 40;

Alexandrian divinities in, i. 52;

and Orphic, i. 143

_Cyranides, Le Livre des_, quoted by M. de Mély as to “Mystery of Axe,”

ii. 67 _n._ 3

Cyrenaica, the, Jewish atrocities in, ii. 5 _n._ 3

Cyrene, Buddhist mission to King of, i. 20;

Ptolemy Soter annexes, i. 29;

Ophites in, ii. 77.

Cyril of Alexandria, replaces Isis by two medical saints, i. 86 _n._ 1

Cyril of Jerusalem, describes elaborate rite of baptism in IVth cent.,

ii. 22 _n._ 1

Cytheraea. _See_ Aphrodite

Cyzicus, worship of Alexandrian gods at, i. 53;

and of Eleusinian Triad, i. 136

Dacia, its settlement by Trajan, ii. 271.

_See_ Aurelian; Claudius II

Dactyli, the Idaean, first of men, i. 106 _n._ 3

Damascius, the neo-Platonist, quoted, i. 55 _n._ 4, 135; ii. 236 _n._

4, 250 _n._ 1, 252 _n._ 2

Damascus, Perdiccas attacks Egypt from, i. 30

_Daniel, Book of_, first gives personal names of angels, i. 158;

assumes nations divided among angels, i. 199;

addiction of Babylonian Jews to curious arts in, ii. 33.

_See_ Antiochus Epiphanes

Danube Provinces, the, worship of Alexandrian divinities in, i. 53

Darius, son of Hystaspes, ii. 225, 227;

his inscription at Behistun quoted, ii. 233

Darkness, the Dragon of Outer, the most terrible hell in _Texts of

Saviour_, ii. 166 _n._ 2;

its 12 torture-chambers, ii. 183;

surrounds the earth, ii. 256

Darmesteter, James, quoted, ii. 232 _nn._ 1, 5, 237 _n._ 3, 241 _n._ 1,

248 _n._ 3, 278 _n._ 1, 284, 300 _n._ 2, 327 _n._ 3

Darwin, Charles, his doctrine of survival of the fittest, i. li _sqq._,

117

David, King of Israel, vassal of Philistines, i. 160 _n._ 4;

_Psalms of_, in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 157

Dead, Baptism for, ii. 168;

_Book of the_, quoted, i. 31, 32, 55, 132, 134; ii. 66, 72 _n._ 3

Death, Valentinian theories about, ii. 107, 110, 113, 129 _n._ 3;

in _Pistis Sophia_ a serpent with 7 heads, ii. 156 _n._ 3;

of initiates in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 167 _sqq._;

in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 195;

of sinner in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 186 _sq._;

of worshipper of Mithras, ii. 266;

of Manichaean Perfect, ii. 309;

of Manichaean Hearer, ii. 311

Decad, of Valentinus, described, ii. 101;

meaning of names of, ii. 102, 103

_Deisidaimon_, the, of Theophrastus, quoted, i. 140

Delos, worship of Alexandrian gods, i. 53

Delphi, its oracle used to legitimize foreign deities, i. 16;

oracle of Serapis at Alexandria competes with, i. 77;

no public worship at temple of, i. 85;

remains of Dionysos buried at, i. 125

Demeter, scene of her trials, i. 16, 40 _n._ 1;

her wanderings shown to initiates, i. 40;

her part in Anthesteria, i. 42;

likeness of legend of, to that of Isis, i. 43;

identified with Persephone, i. 46;

Homeric hymn to, quoted, i. 59;

mystic marriage with Zeus, i. 61 _n._ 1, 133, 142 _n._ 4, 144;

consecrations to, in reign of Valentinian and Valens, i. 83;

swine sacrificed to, i. 95;

mother of Persephone _ap._ Orphics, i. 124;

and of Iacchos, i. 125;

an earth goddess with many names, i. 126; ii. 45 _n._ 1;

Orphics in mysteries of, i. 127 _n._ 3;

assessor of Dionysos in Pindar, i. 129 _n._ 3;

alterations in legend of, introduced by Orphics, i. 130;

her widespread worship, i. 135;

in mysteries of Samothrace, i. 136 _n._ 2;

associated with god of double axe, ii. 67 _n._ 3;

appears as Mother of Life in Manichaeism, ii. 300 _n._ 2.

_See_ Ceres, Rayet

Demetrius of Phalerum, takes charge of Ptolemy’s Museum, i. 44 _n._ 2

Demetrius Poliorcetes, his deification, i. 18 _n._ 4, 19;

his attack on Egypt fails, i. 29 _n._ 2

Demiurge, the, or Architect of the Universe, in Justinus’ system, ii.

82;

called the Great Archon by Basilides, ii. 91;

identified with God of the Jews by Valentinus, ii. 107 _n._ 2, 109,

114;

author of psychic or animal souls, ii. 112;

in Marcion’s system, ii. 210, 211, 212, 214 _n._ 3;

Messiah of, ii. 211, 213;

identified with Mithras, ii. 248

Demophoon, Celeus’ son and nursling of Demeter, i. 40

Demosthenes, his oration against Aeschines, quoted, i. 138

Dendera, union of Osiris and Isis depicted at, i. 61 _n._ 1

Deo, name of Demeter in Orphic hymn, i. 142

Derenbourg, Hartwig, quoted, i. 163 _n._ 3

Derketo, homonym of Atargatis or _Dea Syria_ (Garstang), ii. 40 _n._ 1,

300 _n._ 2

Despoena, epithet of Persephone, i. 133

Destiny or Heimarmene, the sphere of, in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 137 _n._

2, 143 _n._ 1, 153, 154;

in _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 174, 184;

in Mithraism, ii. 255 _sq._

_See_ Moira

Diadochi, the, or Successors of Alexander, i. 14, 52

Diagram, the Ophites’, ii. 66-71;

prayers to powers depicted in, ii. 71-74;

place of Ophiomorphus in, ii. 77

Diana Dictynna, Cretan goddess identified with Isis, i. 56

_Didache_, the, source of _Apostolical Constitutions_ (Duchesne), ii. 7

_n._ 2

Dieterich, Prof. Albert, quoted, i. 141, 142; ii. 255.

_See_ Mithraism, Orpheus

Dill, Sir Samuel, quoted, i. lvii, lix, 24, 54 _n._ 3; ii. 87, 272, 359

_Dinkard_, the, quoted, i. 134 _n._ 1

Diocletian, the Emperor, makes Mithraism state religion, i. 81, 119

_n._ 1, 228, 271;

his persecution of Christians, ii. 12, 23;

his victories over Persians, ii. 226;

his adoption of Persian ways, ii. 228

Diodorus Siculus, authority for Oriental religions, i. 9;

quoted, i. 31 _n._ 1, 43 _n._ 3

Diogenes, the Cynic, his saying about Patecion quoted, i. 131

Dionysia, the, peculiarly popular in Northern Greece, i. 136

Dionysion, temple of Dionysos at Athens, i. 42

Dionysius, the Areopagite, his orders of angels, i. 188 _n._ 1

Dionysos, a Thracian or Thessalian god, i. 17;

legend of Cretan, i. 37, 46;

diaspasm or tearing to pieces of, i. 37, 125;

identified with Iacchos, i. 39, 40;

and with Zagreus, i. 42, 125;

legend of, told in Little Mysteries, i. 42;

identified with Osiris, i. 43, 48;

his relations with Demeter and Persephone, i. 47; ii. 39;

identified with Hades, i. 47, 48, 130;

with Apollo, i. 48;

god of dead to Alexandrians, i. 49;

Boeotian worship of, i. 52;

his mystic marriage with Demeter, i. 61 _n._ 1;

called the Vine, i. 64 _n._ 3;

his temple at Alexandria demolished by Theophilus, i. 83;

the Liberator, i. 90 _n._ 1;

sacrifices to, i. 95;

his likeness to Tammuz, i. 122 _n._ 3;

his legend centre of Orphic teaching, i. 123;

identified with Orphic Phanes, i. 124, 144;

with Zeus, i. 125 _n._ 2;

Orphics connect his death with man’s creation and rebirth, i. 126;

soul of man part of, i. 127, 133;

omophagy chief rite of worship of, i. 128; ii. 112;

soul of man united with, i. 129, 144;

called Eubuleus, i. 133;

widespread worship of, i. 135;

identified with Adonis, i. 137;

and Sabazius, i. 138;

and Attis, i. 139;

Orphic hymns to, i. 142 _n._ 3, 143;

son of Semele, i. 145;

an androgyne deity, 145, 185;

all Graeco-Roman gods tend to merge in, i. 146, 147;

will succeed Zeus, i. 186;

jealousy of, cause of diaspasm, i. 190 _n._ 2;

spouse of Persephone and her son, ii. 39;

the soul of the world, ii. 50 _n._ 2;

called Pappas, ii. 57;

and Iao, ii. 71 _n._ 1.

_See_ Bacchus, Iao

Diotima, gives traditional view of Platonic affinity, i. 195 _n._ 1

_Discourse, The True_, of Celsus, probable date of, ii. 66

Docetism, a mark of heresy, ii. 17;

Marcion’s adherence to, ii. 210;

Manichaeans profess, ii. 318, 348

Dodecad, the, of Valentinus, ii. 101 _sqq._;

its duplication explained, ii. 145 _n._ 8;

Egyptian parallel to, 176

Doinel, Jules, founder of modern Valentinianism, ii. 133 _n._ 1

Döllinger, Dr, quoted, i. 140 _nn._ 2, 3; ii. 164 _n._ 3, 168, 169, 172

Dositheus the heresiarch, founder of sect (Eusebius), ii. 6 _n._ 3

Dove, in _Pistis Sophia_, emblem of Holy Spirit, ii. 135 _n._ 3;

and of Great Goddess, _ibid._;

in Manichaeism, 302 _n._ 1

Drexler, Prof. Anton, quoted, i. 85

Drogheda, Cromwell’s letter after Siege of, ii. 85 _n._ 2

Dualism, distinguishing feature of Manichaeism, ii. 289

Duchesne, Mgr Louis, quoted, i. 89 _n._ 1; ii. 1 _n._ 5, 4, 5 _n._ 2, 7

_n._ 2, 11 _n._ 2, 14 _n._ 1, 22 _n._ 2, 122 _n._ 1, 178 _n._ 1, 202

_n._ 2

Dyaus, the god, worshipped in Vedas and by Persians, i. 73 _n._ 4; ii.

231 _n._ 1

Ebionites, the, their connection with the Church at Pella, ii. 5 _n._

1;

with the _Clementines_, ii. 82

Ecbatana, one of the four Persian capitals, i. 3

Ecclesia or Church, the incorruptible aeon or Pleroma of the Ophites,

ii. 43, 60;

used for assembly of souls, ii. 75;

member of third Valentinian syzygy, ii. 98, 100, 102;

Italic school make her mother of Dodecad, ii. 119;

power breathed into man in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 179

Ecclesiasticus, member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Ecpyrosis or Destruction of the world by fire, doctrine common to

Stoics and Persians, ii. 250;

symbolized by lion-headed figure in Mithraism, ii. 251;

in Manichaeism, ii. 297;

in Mazdeism, _Pistis Sophia_, and _Texts of Saviour_, ii. 297 _n._ 1

Ectroma or Abortion. _See_ Sophia (2)

Edessa, King of, protects Bardesanes, ii. 120;

Valentinians of, persecuted by Arians, _temp._ Julian, ii. 132;

Gnosticism comes into Persia from, ii. 283

Edfu, Horus worshipped at, i. 45;

Ptolemies restore temple of, i. 52

Egypt, Greek gods derived from (Herodotus), i. 16;

assigned to Ptolemy on Alexander’s death, i. 28 _sqq._;

priestly character of religion of, i. 31 _sq._;

totemistic character of early religion of, i. 37;

its influence on its conquerors, i. 51;

religion of, degenerates into sorcery, i. 57;

inspires Alexandrian views on next world, i. 60;

Osiris-worship in, _temp._ Pharaohs, i. 64 _n._ 3;

daily services in temples, i. 66;

early cosmogonies of, i. 73; ii. 36, 175;

Ptolemy endows Alexandrian religion in, i. 76;

Alexandrian religion in, _temp._ Julian, i. 83;

pre-Christian features surviving in, i. 85 _sq._;

triune god worshipped in Pharaonic, i. 88;

magicians of, use foreign words, i. 93;

Magic Papyri found in, i. 97 _sqq._;

Gnosticism in, quickly decays, i. 111;

earth goddess worshipped in, i. 126;

Orphic hymns perhaps composed in, i. 141;

suzerain of Solomon, i. 160 _n._ 4;

lower classes in, first become Christian, ii. 8 _n._ 5;

Ophites in, ii. 76 _sqq._

_See_ Christians, Eleusis, Enoch, Jews

Egyptians, the, sacred books of, translated into Greek, i. 9;

opposed to monotheism before Alexander, i. 11;

priests of, oppose innovations, i. 24;

theocrasia known to earliest, i. 33, 46, 54;

their Osiris-worship bond with Greeks, i. 38;

their worship of animals, i. 45;

most superstitious and fanatic of men in Philhellenic times, i. 50;

oppose Alexandrian religion, ii. 51;

respect paid to, in Alexandrian religion, i. 56, 73, 74;

use foreign words in magic, i. 93;

think earthly Nile copy of heavenly river, i. 116 _n._ 1;

their idea of eating gods to get powers, i. 125 _n._ 3;

their obligation to Hebrews _ap._ Artapanus, i. 173;

their worship of mortal gods absurd to Greeks, ii. 16;

gods of, husbands of their mothers, ii. 39;

their addiction to mapping-out invisible world, ii. 109;

think only rich happy after death, ii. 112 _n._ 1;

origin of their triune god, ii. 121 _n._ 3;

their use of allegory, ii. 123;

their anxiety about nature of god and future of soul, ii. 131;

embrace monastic life in great numbers, ii. 175;

_Pistis Sophia_ unintelligible without knowledge of religion of

Pharaonic, ii. 177;

their horror of Amenti, ii. 195, 196;

their enthusiasm for life of priest, ii. 200;

degradation of Christianity and Gnosticism by, ii. 201;

the wisdom of, taught to Manes’ predecessor, ii. 285.

_See_ First Man, Jews

_Egyptians, Gospel according to_, said to contain Ophite doctrine of

transmigration, ii. 65, 79;

possible source of passage in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 161 _n._ 4

Eieazareie, a word used in magic, ii. 33 _n._ 2.

_See_ Yahweh of Israel

Elephantine, mixed religion of Jews at, ii. 32 _n._ 4, 43 _n._ 2

Eleusinia, the Festivals following Mysteries, i. 136

Eleusinion, the Athenian, sacred things deposited in, i. 39

Eleusis, scene of goddesses’ trials, i. 16;

Mysteries of, described, i. 38-41;

initiation at, preceded by Little Mysteries, i. 41 _sq._;

likeness of Legend of, to that of Osiris, i. 43;

date of reformation of Mysteries of, _ibid._;

theocrasia result of, i. 46;

Calathos or basket-crown of Serapis borrowed from, i. 49;

Mysteries of, rob death of its terrors, i. 59;

mystic marriage of god and goddess crowning scene at, i. 61 _n._ 1;

formula repeated by initiates at, i. 62 _n._ 2;

Alexandrian mysteries more popular than those of, i. 66;

initiates at, carry rods, i. 68 _n._ 2;

hereditary priesthood of, i. 76;

worshippers of other gods consecrated to those of, i. 83;

Baubo a personage in Mysteries of, i. 100;

the God and the Goddess of, i. 126; ii. 39;

entry of Dionysos into, i. 130;

gods of, worshipped outside Attica, i. 135;

reason for secrecy of Mysteries of, i. 139 _n._ 2;

priestesses of, called bees, i. 143 _n._ 4;

part of Dionysos at, after Orphic reform, i. 145;

sacramental grace of Mysteries of, i. 147;

baptism among Gnostics borrows features from, ii. 22;

Phrygian deities identified with those of, ii. 31;

Ophites borrow doctrines from, ii. 54;

Ophites’ opinion of Mysteries of, i. 57

Eleutherna, Orphic gold plates found at, i. 131, 132

Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani, called names of God in magic, ii. 33 _n._ 2

Elijah, the Prophet, his soul in _Pistis Sophia_ placed in St John

Baptist, ii. 137, 149, 150;

in Paradise of Adam, ii. 179;

ascension of, inspires Mithraic monuments, ii. 248

Elizabeth, mother of St John Baptist, her conception arranged by Sophia

_ap._ Ophites, ii. 53;

by Virgin of Light in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 137

Eloaeus, ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 47, 73;

corresponds to Hebrew Elohe, ii. 71 _n._ 1.

_See_ Ailoaios

Elpis or Hope, member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Emanation, defined, i. 181 _n._ 2;

doctrine common to all post-Christian Gnostics, ii. 19 _n._ 1

Empedocles, derives everything from four roots or elements, i. 197

Encratites, the, sect said to be founded by Tatian, ii. 220

En-ki or Ea, the god, creator of pattern man, i. lxiii _n._ 1

Ennead, the Egyptian, its irregular number of gods, ii. 92

Ennoia, second of Simon Magus’ six “Roots,” i. 180;

Simon Magus’ called Epinoia by Hippolytus, i. 180 _n._ 4; ii. 20 _n._

1;

in _Great Announcement_ first female power, i. 182;

her Orphic and Jewish analogues, i. 185;

produces angels who make universe, i. 187, 195;

seized by world-making angels and condemned to transmigration, i.

190, 196;

identified with Helen of Tyre, _ibid._;

redeemed by Simon, i. 191;

inconsistency of stories regarding, i. 193;

in Ophite system, name of Second Man, ii. 38;

Ophiomorphus called, ii. 49;

spouse of Bythos according to some Valentinians, ii. 97

Enoch, mass of Apocrypha connected with name of, i. 159, 160, 164;

dates of same, i. 162 _n._ 1, 163, 164 _n._ 1;

connection of Essenes with, i. 168;

in _Pistis Sophia_, author of books written in Paradise, ii. 147 _n._

5, 194 _n._ 2

_Enoch, Book of_, fall of angels in, i. 191 _n._ 1; ii. 154;

quoted in _Pistis Sophia_, ii. 155;

quoted, i. 160, 161, 162 _n._ 2, 165, 169; ii. 155

_Enoch, Book of the Secrets of_, seven heavens arranged as in

Mithraism, ii. 257

Epaminondas, suffers in Hades because not initiated, i. 131

Ephesus, many-breasted goddess of, i. lvi, 17; ii. 40;

worship of Alexandrian gods at, i. 53;

Nicolaitans at, ii. 25

Ephrem Syrus, finds Valentinianism in Bardesanes’ hymns, ii. 120;

his date, _ibid._;

quoted, ii. 316 _n._ 1

Epicurus, his statement of the problem of evil, ii. 217

Epimenides, introduces Orphic myths into Athens, i. 121

Epinoia. _See_ Ennoia

Epiphanius, bishop of Constantia, a Nicolaitan in his youth, i. 112

_n._ 1; ii. 21 _n._ 5;

his ignorance about the Essenes, i. 155;

his date and work, ii. 10, 77;

quoted, i. 190, 191, 193, 197, 198, 199; ii. 10, 11, 14, 27, 46 _n._

3, 61, 79, 80, 81, 90 _n._ 1, 92 _n._ 3, 93 _nn._ 1, 2, 95, 205,

213, 215, 219, 279 _n._ 2

Epitaph, Valentinian, in Via Nazionale, ii. 129

Erataoth, name of power in Diagram, ii. 71

Eratosthenes, studies at Museum of Alexandria, i. 45

Ergamenes, King of Ethiopia, his massacre of priests of Amen, i. 31

_n._ 1

Eris-ki-gal or Ereshchigal, the goddess, Sumerian counterpart of

Persephone, i. 100

Eros, Horus takes attributes of, i. 50;

first-born god of Orphics, i. 123;

Orphic, known to Aristophanes, i. 124;

his likeness to Valentinian Agape, ii. 98 _n._ 1;

and to Marcion’s Supreme Being, ii. 210;

hymns to, sung by Lycomidae, ii. 210 _n._ 1

Esaldaios, variant of Ialdabaoth or El Shaddai, ii. 46 _n._ 3

Esculapius. _See_ Asklepios

Essarts, M. Fabre des, head of L’Église Gnostique, ii. 133 _n._ 1

Essenes, the, third party among Jews, _temp._ Josephus, i. lv, 152;

perhaps borrow from Buddhism, i. 20;

a “philosophic” sect, i. 151;

meaning of name, i. 152;

Josephus’ account of, i. 152-154;

Philo’s, i. 154, 155;

girdle used by them like Parsis’ _kosti_, i. 153 _nn._ 1, 4;

description of, by Pliny, Hippolytus, and Porphyry, i. 155;

wild theories about, i. 155, 156;

their connection with Orphics, i. 156, 168;

essentially Gnostics, i. 157;

use of Cabala by, i. 157, 158, 169;

names of angels kept secret by, i. 158;

Enochian literature due to, i. 159, 167;

peculiar interpretation of Scripture, i. 168, 171;

probably extinct after Hadrian, i. 170;

divisions among, possible, i. 175 _n._ 3;

Simon Magus’ teaching opposite to that of, i. 202;

connection with Ebionites doubtful, ii. 5 _n._ 1;

points in common with Christians, ii. 6.

_See_ Ritschl

Ethiopia, priests of Amen flee to, i. 31;

Thueris the hippopotamus goddess called “Cat of,” i. 37 _n._ 1

Ethiopians, their rule in Egypt, i. 31, 51;

worship Isis, i. 56;

Psammetichos expels them, i. 101

_Etymologicum Magnum._ _See_ Gaisford

Eubouleus or Eubuleus, a name of Dionysos, i. 133, 137 _n._ 1, 142,

143;

identified with Adonis by Orphics, i. 137.

_See_ Zeus Chthonios

Eubulus, author of lost work on Mithras, ii. 236

Eucharist, the, rite resembling it among Serapiasts, i. 87;

simple mode of celebration in Primitive Church, i. 87 _n._ 1;

thaumaturgic accompaniments among heretics, _ibid._, and ii. 129,

187;

obscene parody of, i. 198;

magical efficacy of, among Gnostics, ii. 22, 63;

in Apostolic times follows baptism immediately, ii. 22 _n._ 1;

Ophite additions to, doubtful, ii. 61;

Ophite ideas concerning, i. 63;

Marcus’ profanation of, ii. 129;

called a mystery, ii. 165;

views of Primitive Church as to, ii. 171;

Döllinger’s remarks on, ii. 172;

rite described in _Texts of Saviour_ and Bruce Papyrus probably

Marcosian, ii. 187;

celebrated with water among certain sects, ii. 188, 215;

ceremony resembling, in Mithraism, ii. 247, 260;

in Manichaeism probably confined to Elect, ii. 348.

_See_ _Pistis Sophia_, Bruce Papyrus, Huysmans

Eudemos of Rhodes, earliest authority for Zervanism among Magi, ii. 236

_n._ 4, 252 _n._ 2

Eudoxos of Cnidos, his use of acrostics in astronomical work, i. 169

Euhemerus of Messene, his theory that gods were deified men, i. 19

Eukles, name of god in Orphic gold plate, i. 133

Eumenides, the, said by Orphics to be children of Persephone, i. 142

Eumolpidae, exegetes attached to, i. 44 _n._ 1;

hereditary priests of Mysteries of Eleusis, i. 76

Euphrates, the heresiarch, founder of Ophites _ap._ Origen, ii. 25;

called the “Peratic” or Mede, ii. 26 _n._ 1

Euripides, Parthians act plays of, i. 8;

represents Dionysos as androgyne, i. 47 _n._ 4;

supports identification of Dionysos and Apollo, i. 48;

Orphic doctrines well known to, i. 123;

quoted, i. 39, 128, 149 _n._ 1

Europe, Alexander’s marriage of, with Asia, i. lviii;

Oriental religions pass into, i. 20;

after Alexander, Egypt becomes granary of, i. 28;

Alexandrian religion passes into, i. 77;

Phrygia invaded by celibate warriors from, ii. 40

Eusebius of Caesarea, quoted, i. 199, 200; ii. 4 _n._ 3, 6 _n._ 4, 10

_n._ 1, 12 _n._ 5, 18 _n._ 3, 23 _n._ 2, 83 _n._ 1, 88 _n._ 2, 96

_n._ 2, 120 _n._ 2, 132 _n._ 2, 206 _nn._ 2, 5, 220 _n._ 3, 221 _n._

1, 359

Euxitheus, the Pythagoric, authority for Orphic doctrine of burial of

soul in body, i. 127 _n._ 1.

_See_ Philolaos

Evander, bishop of Nicomedia, rabbles Ophites, ii. 77

Eve, the protoplast, confusion of name of, with Evoe, ii. 20 _n._ 1;

Ophite legend of, ii. 52, 58, 70;

and Manichaean, ii. 299, 306

Evoe, word used in Mysteries of Sabazius, i. 138;

in those of Attis, i. 139 _n._ 1; ii. 54 _n._ 6;

Clement of Alexandria connects it with Eve, ii. 20 _n._ 1

Ezekiel, the Prophet, shows hatred of Jews for Gentiles, i. 167 _n._ 4;

quoted, i. 186 _n._ 2; ii. 32, 43 _n._ 2

Eznig of Goghp, quoted, ii. 217, 285

Ezra, the Prophet, Apocalypse attributed to, quoted, i. 163, 164, 165,

167 _nn._ 3, 4; ii. 81

Farrah (Seistan), probably Prophthasia of Arrian, i. 4 _n._ 1

Fatak. _See_ Patecius

Father, Mithraic priests addressed as, ii. 261;

name of highest Mithraic degree, ii. 262, 267